The inside story of the Paris climate agreement | Christiana Figueres

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

I have one more reason for optimism:

Imam dodatni razlog za optimizam:

climate change.

klimatske promene.

Maybe you don't believe it, but here is the fact.

Možda ne verujete u to, ali ovo je činjenica.

On December 12, 2015,

Tog 12. decembra 2015,

in Paris, under the United Nations,

u Parizu, pod okriljem Ujedinjenih nacija,

195 governments got together

sastalo se 195 vlada

and unanimously --

i jednoglasno -

if you've worked with governments, you know how difficult that is --

ako ste radili s vladama, znate koliko je to teško -

unanimously decided

jednoglasno je odlučeno

to intentionally change the course of the global economy

da se namerno izmeni smer globalne ekonomije

in order to protect the most vulnerable

kako bi se zaštitili najranjiviji

and improve the life of all of us.

i unapredili životi svih nas.

Now, that is a remarkable achievement.

E sad, to je izvanredno dostignuće.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

But it is even more remarkable

Ali je još neverovatnije,

if you consider where we had been just a few years ago.

ako uzmete u obzir to gde smo bili pre samo nekoliko godina.

2009, Copenhagen.

Godine 2009. u Kopenhagenu.

Who remembers Copenhagen?

Ko se seća Kopenhagena?

Well, after years of working toward a climate agreement,

Pa, nakon godina rada ka postizanju dogovora o klimi,

the same governments convened in Copenhagen

iste vlade su se sastale u Kopenhagenu

and failed miserably.

i debelo su omanule.

Why did it fail miserably?

Zašto su debelo omanule?

For many different reasons,

Iz raznih razloga,

but primarily because of the deeply entrenched divide

ali pre svega zbog duboko ukorenjenih podela

between the global North and the global South.

između globalnog Severa i globalnog Juga.

So now, six months after this failure,

Pa sad, šest meseci nakon ovog neuspeha,

I was called in to assume the responsibility

pozvali su me da preuzmem odgovornost

za pregovore o globalnim klimatskim promenama.

of the global climate change negotiations.

You can imagine, the perfect moment to start this new job.

Kao što pretpostavljate, bio je to savršen trenutak da se započne novi posao.

The global mood on climate change was in the trash can.

Globalno raspoloženje o klimatskim promenama je bilo poražavajuće.

No one believed

Niko nije verovao

that a global agreement could ever be possible.

da bi globalni dogovor ikad mogao da bude moguć.

In fact, neither did I.

Zapravo nisam ni ja.

If you promise not to tell anyone outside of this wonderful TED audience,

Ako obećate da nećete reći bilo kome van ove divne TED publike,

I'm going to divulge a secret

odaću vam tajnu

that has been gratefully buried by history.

koju je srećom istorija pokopala.

On my first press conference,

Na svojoj prvoj konferenciji za štampu,

a journalist asked, "Um, Ms. Figueres,

novinar me je pitao: "Hm, gđo Figeres,

do you think that a global agreement is ever going to be possible?"

smatrate li da će globalni sporazum uopšte biti moguć?"

And without engaging brain, I heard me utter,

I bez upotrebe mozga, čula sam sebe kako izjavljujem:

"Not in my lifetime."

"Ne, dok sam živa."

Well, you can imagine the faces of my press team

Pa, možete da zamislite izraze lica moje PR ekipe

who were horrified at this crazy Costa Rican woman

koji su bili užasnuti zbog ove nenormalne Kostarikinje,

who was their new boss.

njihove nove šefice.

And I was horrified, too.

I ja sam bila užasnuta.

Now, I wasn't horrified at me, because I'm kind of used to myself.

Sad, nisam bila užasnuta zbog sebe jer sam nekako navikla na sebe.

I was actually horrified

Bila sam užasnuta

at the consequences of what I had just said,

zbog posledica onoga što sam izgovorila,

at the consequences for the world

zbog posledica po svet

in which all our children are going to have to live.

u kome će sva naša deca morati da žive.

It was frankly a horrible moment for me,

Iskreno, bio je to užasan trenutak za mene,

and I thought, well, no, hang on,

a ja sam pomislila, pa, ne, stani malo,

hang on.

stani malo.

Impossible is not a fact,

Nemogućnost nije činjenica,

it's an attitude.

to je stav.

It's only an attitude.

To je samo stav.

And I decided right then and there that I was going to change my attitude

I ja sam odlučila baš tamo i tad da ću da promenim svoj stav

and I was going to help the world change its attitude on climate change.

i da ću da pomognem svetu da promeni stav o klimatskim promenama.

So I don't know --

Dakle, ne znam -

No, just this? Thanks.

Ne, samo ovo? Hvala.

I don't know --

Ne znam -

what you would do

šta biste vi uradili,

if you were told your job is to save the planet.

kad bi vam rekli da vam je posao da spasite planetu.

Put that on the job description.

Stavite to u opis posla.

And you have full responsibility,

Za to imate punu odgovornost,

but you have absolutely no authority,

ali nemate apsolutno nikakav autoritet

because governments are sovereign in every decision that they take.

jer vlade imaju suverenitet u svim odlukama koje donose.

Well, I would really love to know

Pa, zaista bih volela da znam

what you would do on the first Monday morning,

šta biste uradili prvog ponedeljka ujutru,

but here's what I did: I panicked.

ali evo šta sam ja uradila: paničila sam.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And then I panicked again,

A potom sam još malo paničila

because I realized I have no idea how we're going to solve this problem.

jer sam shvatila da nemam pojma kako ćemo da rešimo ovaj problem.

And then I realized I have no idea how we're going to solve this problem,

A onda sam shvatila da nemam pojma kako ćemo da rešimo ovaj problem,

but I do know one thing:

ali da znam jedno:

we have got to change the tone of this conversation.

moramo da promenimo ton razgovora o njemu.

Because there is no way you can deliver victory

Jer nema šanse da možete da donesete pobedu

without optimism.

bez optimizma.

And here,

A ovde

I use optimism as a very simple word,

koristim optimizam kao veoma jednostavnu reč,

but let's understand it in its broader sense.

ali hajde da je shvatimo u širem smislu.

Let's understand it as courage,

Hajde da je shvatimo kao hrabrost,

hope, trust, solidarity,

nadu, poverenje, solidarnost,

the fundamental belief that we humans can come together

kao temeljno ubeđenje da mi ljudi možemo da se sastanemo

and can help each other to better the fate of mankind.

i da pomognemo jedni drugima zarad bolje sudbine čovečanstva.

Well, you can imagine that I thought that without that,

Pa, pretpostavljate da sam smatrala da bez ovoga,

there was no way we were going to get out of the paralysis of Copenhagen.

nije bilo šanse da ćemo uspeti da se izvučemo iz kopenhagenske paralize.

And for six years,

I tokom šest godina

I have stubbornly, relentlessly injected optimism into the system,

sam tvrdoglavo, nemilosrdno ubrizgavala optimizam u sistem,

no matter what the questions from the press --

bez obzira na pitanja iz štampe -

and I have gotten better at those --

i tu sam se popravila -

and no matter what the evidence to the contrary.

i bez obzira na suprotstavljene dokaze.

And believe you me, there has been a lot of contrary evidence.

I verujte mi, bilo je mnogo suprotstavljenih dokaza.

But relentless optimism into the system.

Ali i nemilosrdnog optimizma u sistemu.

And pretty soon,

I veoma brzo

we began to see changes happening in many areas,

smo počeli da vidimo promene kako se dešavaju u mnogim oblastima,

precipitated by thousands of people,

njih su ubrzavale hiljade ljudi,

including many of you here today,

uključujući i mnoge od vas koji ste ovde danas

and I thank you.

i hvala vam za to.

And this TED community will not be surprised

A TED zajednica neće biti iznenađena,

if I tell you the first area

ako vam kažem da je prva oblast

in which we saw remarkable change

u kojoj smo videli izvanredne promene

was ...

bila...

technology.

tehnologija.

We began to see that clean technologies,

Počeli smo da uviđamo da je čistoj tehnologiji,

in particular renewable energy technologies,

naročito tehnologiji obnovljive energije,

began to drop price and increase in capacity,

počela da pada cena, a da raste kapacitet

to the point where today we are already building

do tačke u kojoj danas već gradimo

concentrated solar power plants

koncentrisane fabrike solarne energije

that have the capacity to power entire cities,

koje imaju kapacitet da opskrbljavaju čitave gradove,

to say nothing of the fact of what we are doing on mobility

a da ne pričamo o činjenici šta sve postižemo u mobilnosti

and intelligent buildings.

i pametnim građevinama.

And with this shift in technologies,

A ovim zaokretom u tehnologiji,

we were able to begin to understand

mogli smo početi da razumevamo

that there was a shift in the economic equation,

da se desio zaokret u ekonomskoj jednačini

because we were able to recognize

jer smo bili u stanju da prepoznamo

that yes, there are huge costs to climate change,

da, da, klimatske promene donose ogroman trošak

and yes, there are compounded risks.

i, da, u to je uključen i rizik.

But there also are economic advantages

No takođe imamo i ekonomske prednosti

and intrinsic benefits,

i suštinske dobiti

because the dissemination of the clean technologies

jer će širenje čiste tehnologije

is going to bring us cleaner air,

da nam donese čistiji vazduh,

better health,

bolje zdravlje,

better transportation, more livable cities,

bolji prevoz, gradove podesnije za život,

more energy security,

više energetske sigurnosti,

more energy access to the developing world.

više pristupa energiji u svetu u razvoju.

In sum, a better world than what we have now.

Da sumiram, bolji svet od onog koji imamo danas.

And with that understanding,

A s tim razumevanjem,

you should have witnessed, in fact, part of you were,

trebalo bi da ste bili svedoci, zapravo, deo vas i jeste,

the spread of ingenuity and excitement

širenju originalnosti i uzbuđenja

that went through, first through nonnational governments,

koji su se širili, prvo preko nenacionalnih vlada,

the private sector, captains of industry, insurance companies,

privatnog sektora, industrijskih magnata, osiguravajućih firmi,

investors, city leaders, faith communities,

investitora, vođa gradova, religijskih zajednica

because they all began to understand, this actually can be in their interest.

jer su svi oni počeli da uviđaju da bi ovo zapravo moglo da bude u njihovom interesu.

This can actually improve their bottom line.

Ovo bi moglo zapravo da unapredi njihovu osnovnu dobit.

And it wasn't just the usual suspects.

A to nisu bili dežurni krivci.

I have to tell you I had the CEO of a major, major oil and gas company

Moram da kažem da mi je izvršni direktor velike, velike naftne i gasne firme

come to me at the beginning of last year

prišao početkom prošle godine

and say --

i rekao -

privately, of course --

u tajnosti, naravno -

he did not know how he was going to change his company,

kako ne zna na koji način će da izmeni svoju firmu,

but he is going to change it,

ali će da je izmeni

because he's interested in long-term viability.

jer ga interesuje dugoročna održivost.

Well, now we have a shift in the economic equation,

Dakle, sad imamo preokret u ekonomskoj jednačini

and with that, with broader support from everyone,

i s tim, s većom podrškom svih,

it did not take very long before we saw that national governments

nije trebalo dugo da vidimo da nacionalne vlade

woke up to the fact that this is in their national interest.

postaju svesne da je ovo njihov nacionalni interes.

And when we asked countries to begin to identify

A kad smo zatražili od zemalja da počnu sa izjašnjavanjem

how they could contribute to global efforts

kako bi mogle da doprinesu globalnim naporima,

but based on their national interest,

ali na osnovu svog nacionalnog interesa,

189 countries out of 195,

189 zemalja od 195,

189 countries sent their comprehensive climate change plans,

189 zemalja je poslalo obimne planove o klimatskim promenama,

based on their national interest,

zasnovane na svojim nacionalnim interesima,

concurrent with their priorities,

saglasne s njihovim prioritetima,

consistent with their national sustainable development plans.

u skladu s njihovim nacionalnim planovima za održivi razvoj.

Well,

Pa,

once you protect the core interests of nations,

čim zaštitite ključne nacionalne interese,

then you can understand that nations were ready

onda možete da razumete da su nacije spremne

to begin to converge onto a common path,

da počnu da teže zajedničkoj stazi,

onto a common direction of travel

zajedničkom smeru putovanja

that is going to take us probably several decades,

koje će da traje verovatno nekoliko decenija,

but over those several decades is going to take us

ali tokom tih nekoliko decenija će da nas dovede

into the new economy,

do nove ekonomije,

into a decarbonized, highly resilient economy,

do ekonomije bez ugljenika i krajnje otporne ekonomije.

And the national contributions that are currently on the table

A nacionalni doprinosi koji su trenutno u igri

on behalf of national governments

od strane nacionalnih vlada

are insufficient to get us to a stabilized climate,

nisu dovoljni da nas dovedu do stabilne klime,

but they are only the first step,

ali to su tek prvi koraci

and they will improve over time.

i vremenom će da se poprave.

And the measurement, reporting and verification of all of those efforts

A merenje, izveštavanje i potvrda ovih napora

is legally binding.

su zakonski obavezujući.

And the checkpoints that we're going to have every five years

A kontrole koje ćemo da izvodimo svakih pet godina,

to assess collective progress towards our goal are legally binding,

kako bi se bavili kolektivnim napretkom u postizanju cilja,

su zakonski obavezujuće;

and the path itself toward a decarbonized and more resilient economy

sami put ka postizanju otporne ekonomije bez ugljenika

is legally binding.

je zakonski obavezujući.

And here's the more important part:

A ovo je važniji deo:

What did we have before?

šta smo imali pre ovoga?

A very small handful of countries

Šačicu zemalja

who had undertaken very reduced,

koje su preduzele veoma svedene,

short-term emission reduction commitments

kratkoročne obaveze za umanjenje efekta staklene bašte

that were completely insufficient

koje su bile potpuno nedovoljne,

and furthermore, largely perceived as a burden.

štaviše, uglavnom su doživljavane kao teret.

Now what do we have?

Šta imamo sad?

Now we have all countries of the world contributing with different intensities

Sad sve zemlje na svetu doprinose različitim intenzitetom,

from different approaches in different sectors,

različitim pristupima u različitim sektorima,

but all of them contributing to a common goal

ali sve one doprinose zajedničkom cilju

and along a path

idući stazom

with environmental integrity.

na kojoj je okolina integritet.

Well, once you have all of this in place

Pa, čim sve dođe na svoje mesto,

and you have shifted this understanding,

i kad izmenite razumevanje ovoga,

then you see that governments were able to go to Paris

onda vidite da su vlade bile u stanju da odu u Pariz

and adopt the Paris agreement.

i da usvoje Pariski dogovor.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

So,

Pa,

as I look back

kad se osvrnem

over the past six years,

na prethodnih šest godina,

first I remember

prvo se setim

the day the Paris agreement was adopted.

dana kad je Pariski dogovor usvojen.

I cannot tell you the euphoria in the room.

Ne mogu da vam opišem euforiju u prostoriji.

5,000 people jumping out of their seats,

Pet hiljada ljudi kako skače iz stolica,

crying, clapping, screaming, yelling,

plače, aplaudira, dovikuje, viče,

torn between euphoria and still disbelief at what they had just seen,

rastrgnuti između euforije i neverice zbog onoga što su upravo posvedočili

because so many people

jer toliko ljudi

had worked for years towards this, and this was finally their reality.

je godinama radilo zbog ovoga i ovo se konačno realizovalo.

And it wasn't just those who had participated directly.

A nije se samo radilo o onima koji su direktno učestvovali.

A few weeks ago, I was with a colleague

Pre nekoliko nedelja, sastala sam se s kolegom

who was trying to decide

koji je pokušavao da izabere

on a Tahitian pearl that he wanted to give to his wonderful wife Natasha.

tahićanski biser koji je želeo da pokloni svojoj divnoj supruzi Nataši.

And once he had finally decided what he was going to buy,

I kad je konačno odlučio šta želi da kupi,

the jeweler said to him,

juvelir mu je rekao:

"You know, you're very lucky that you're buying this now,

"Znate koliko imate sreće što ovo trenutno kupujete

because these pearls could go extinct very soon because of climate change."

jer bi ovi biseri mogli da nestanu veoma brzo zbog klimatskih promena."

"But," the jeweler said, "have you heard,

"Međutim", rekao je juvelir, "jeste li čuli

the governments have just come to a decision,

da su vlade upravo postigle dogovor

and Tahiti could have a chance."

i možda ima nade za Tahiti."

Well, what a fantastic confirmation

Kakva fantastična potvrda

that perhaps, perhaps here is hope,

da možda, možda ima nade

here is a possible chance.

da je tu moguća šansa.

I'm the first one to recognize that we have a lot of work still to do.

Ja prva prepoznajem da nam je preostalo još mnogo rada.

We've only just started our work on climate change.

Tek smo započeli rad na klimatskim promenama.

And in fact, we need to make sure that we redouble our efforts

I zapravo, moramo da se postaramo da udvostručimo napore

over the next five years that are the urgent five years.

u narednih pet godina, koje su gorućih pet godina.

But I do believe

Međutim, verujem

that we have come over the past six years

da smo u proteklih šest godina prešli put

from the impossible

od nemogućeg

to the now unstoppable.

do trenutno nezaustavljivog.

And how did we do that? By injecting transformational optimism

A kako smo to postigli? Ubrizgavanjem preobražavajućeg optimizma

that allowed us to go from confrontation to collaboration,

koji nam je omogućio da pređemo put od sukoba do saradnje,

that allowed us to understand that national and local interests

koji nam je omogućio da razumemo da nacionalni i lokalni interesi

are not necessarily at odds with global needs,

nisu nužno nespojivi s globalnim potrebama

and that if we understand that, we can bring them together

i da ako razumemo to, možemo da ih spojimo

and we can merge them harmoniously.

i možemo da ih harmonično stopimo.

And as I look forward to other global issues

I kako se radujem drugim globalnim pitanjima

that will require our attention this century --

koja će zahtevati našu pažnju u ovom veku -

food security, water security, home security, forced migration --

obezbeđenje hrane, obezbeđenje vode, obezbeđivanje domova, prinudne migracije -

I see that we certainly do not know

vidim da zasigurno još uvek ne znamo

how we are going to solve those problems yet.

kako ćemo da rešimo te probleme.

But we can take a page out of what we have done on climate change

Ali možemo da iskoristimo znanje o dostignućima kod klimatskih promena

and we can understand

i možemo da razumemo

that we have got to reinterpret the zero-sum mentality.

da moramo da preobrazimo gubitnički mentalitet.

Because we were trained to believe that there always are winners and losers,

Jer smo obučeni da verujemo da uvek postoje pobednici i gubitnici,

and that your loss is my gain.

i da je vaš gubitak, moja dobit.

Well, now that we're in a world

Dakle, sad kad smo u svetu

in which we have reached planetary boundaries

u kom smo dosegli planetarna ograničenja

and that we are not just so interconnected,

i u kom nismo prosto međusobno povezani,

but increasingly interdependent on each other,

već sve više zavisimo jedni od drugih,

your loss is no longer my gain.

vaš gubitak nije više moja dobit.

We're either all losers

Svi smo gubitnici

or we all can be winners.

ili svi možemo da budemo pobednici.

But we are going to have to decide

Ali moraćemo da odlučimo

between zero and sum.

između ništa i svega.

We're going to have to decide between zero benefit for all

Moraćemo da odlučimo između nikakve dobiti za bilo koga

or living life as the sum of all of us.

ili da živimo život koji nosi dobrobit za svakog od nas.

We've done it once. We can do it again.

Jednom smo to uradili. Možemo ponovo.

Thanks.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)