The inside story of the Paris climate agreement | Christiana Figueres

翻译人员: Hayley Kang 校对人员: Zhiting Chen

I have one more reason for optimism:

我乐观的原因还有这个：

climate change.

那便是气候变化。

Maybe you don't believe it, but here is the fact.

也许你对此不太相信， 然而这便是事实。

On December 12, 2015,

在2015年的12月12日的巴黎，

in Paris, under the United Nations,

受命于联合国的邀请，

195 governments got together

195个国家代表齐聚一堂，

and unanimously --

并达成全部共识 ——

if you've worked with governments, you know how difficult that is --

如果你和政府打过交道， 你应该知道这非常困难，

unanimously decided

全体一致的达成共识，

to intentionally change the course of the global economy

有心去改变全球经济发展的进程，

in order to protect the most vulnerable

来保护做弱势的一方，

and improve the life of all of us.

以及提升我们所有人的生活。

Now, that is a remarkable achievement.

这真的是一项了不起的成就。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

But it is even more remarkable

然而，更不得了的地方是，

if you consider where we had been just a few years ago.

如果你回想一下几年前，

2009, Copenhagen.

2009，在哥本哈根的会议。

Who remembers Copenhagen?

谁还记得哥本哈根会议吗？

Well, after years of working toward a climate agreement,

经过了长年累月有关气候协议的努力，

the same governments convened in Copenhagen

同样的与会国家被召集到哥本哈根，

and failed miserably.

结局却是惨不忍睹。

Why did it fail miserably?

为什么会这样呢？

For many different reasons,

理由有很多，

but primarily because of the deeply entrenched divide

但最主要是因为存在于 南北半球国家之间的，

between the global North and the global South.

那根深蒂固的分歧。

So now, six months after this failure,

然而如今，在失败过后的6个月，

I was called in to assume the responsibility

我被委任接受这项，

of the global climate change negotiations.

全球气候变化谈判的职责。

You can imagine, the perfect moment to start this new job.

你能想象， 这是个开始新工作的最佳时刻。

The global mood on climate change was in the trash can.

全球对于气候变化的态度一团糟。

No one believed

没有人会相信，

that a global agreement could ever be possible.

全球能在此问题上达成共识，

In fact, neither did I.

实际上，我也是这么想的。

If you promise not to tell anyone outside of this wonderful TED audience,

除了在座优秀的TED观众， 你能守口如瓶的话，

I'm going to divulge a secret

我准备告诉你们一个秘密，

that has been gratefully buried by history.

这个秘密一直被历史完好封存着。

On my first press conference,

在我首次的新闻发布会上，

a journalist asked, "Um, Ms. Figueres,

有一名记者提问到：“ Figueres女士，

do you think that a global agreement is ever going to be possible?"

你是否认为要达成全球共识 是不可能完成的？”

And without engaging brain, I heard me utter,

大脑还没反应过来时， 我听见自己说道，

"Not in my lifetime."

” 这辈子是不可能了。“

Well, you can imagine the faces of my press team

当然，你可以想象到 我们新闻团队的表情，

who were horrified at this crazy Costa Rican woman

大家都被这个 来自哥斯达黎加的疯女人所震惊，

who was their new boss.

而且这个女人还是他们的新上司。

And I was horrified, too.

其实，我当时也被自己吓到了。

Now, I wasn't horrified at me, because I'm kind of used to myself.

我并非被那个早已习惯了的自己所吓到，

I was actually horrified

我真正害怕的是，

at the consequences of what I had just said,

我话语所带来的后果，

at the consequences for the world

为这个我们子孙都会生活的这个世界，

in which all our children are going to have to live.

所带来的后果。

It was frankly a horrible moment for me,

老实讲，对我来说，那是个可怕的一刻，

and I thought, well, no, hang on,

然后我想，不，我要挺住，

hang on.

我要挺住。

Impossible is not a fact,

不可能不是一个既定事实，

it's an attitude.

而是一种态度。

It's only an attitude.

这仅仅是一种态度。

And I decided right then and there that I was going to change my attitude

就在那刻，我立马改变了我的态度，

and I was going to help the world change its attitude on climate change.

我也要帮助这个世界， 来改变他们对气候变化的态度。

So I don't know --

我不知道——

No, just this? Thanks.

仅仅是这样？谢谢。

I don't know --

我不知道——

what you would do

如果让你拯救这个星球，

if you were told your job is to save the planet.

你会怎么做？

Put that on the job description.

然后把它写到你的工作描述中。

And you have full responsibility,

虽然你并没有被赋予任何权利，

but you have absolutely no authority,

但你会感到十足的使命感。

because governments are sovereign in every decision that they take.

因为政府在作出每个决定时 有着至高无上的权力。

Well, I would really love to know

我着实很想了解，

what you would do on the first Monday morning,

在第一个星期一的早晨， 你会怎么做？

but here's what I did: I panicked.

我当时是：怕的要死。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And then I panicked again,

接着，我还是感到害怕，

because I realized I have no idea how we're going to solve this problem.

因为我意识到， 我不知道该如何解决这个问题。

And then I realized I have no idea how we're going to solve this problem,

我不知道该如何解决这个问题，

but I do know one thing:

但我知道一点：

we have got to change the tone of this conversation.

我们要改变这个会话的氛围。

Because there is no way you can deliver victory

如果你不积极面对，

without optimism.

你是不可能成功的。

And here,

此时此刻，

I use optimism as a very simple word,

我以乐观向上这个非常简单的词，

but let's understand it in its broader sense.

但让我们从广义层面上来理解这个词。

Let's understand it as courage,

让我们把它理解为勇气，

hope, trust, solidarity,

希望，信任以及齐心协力，

the fundamental belief that we humans can come together

秉持着人类能够聚集在一起的基本信念

and can help each other to better the fate of mankind.

以及能够为了更好的命运而相互帮助。

Well, you can imagine that I thought that without that,

试想一下，如果我不这么想，

there was no way we were going to get out of the paralysis of Copenhagen.

可能我们便没有办法从 哥本哈根的无力状态里走出来。

And for six years,

时隔六年，

I have stubbornly, relentlessly injected optimism into the system,

我怀抱着不屈不饶，冷酷无情的态度， 向这个体系注入乐观主义，

no matter what the questions from the press --

无论新闻发布会上会有怎样的问题，

and I have gotten better at those --

我现在变得更会处理这些问题了——

and no matter what the evidence to the contrary.

而且，无论对立面有着怎样的蛛丝马迹。

And believe you me, there has been a lot of contrary evidence.

相信我，反证一直有很多。

But relentless optimism into the system.

随着不屈不饶的把乐观主义带入体系，

And pretty soon,

过了没多久，

we began to see changes happening in many areas,

我们开始在很多领域里碰到挑战，

precipitated by thousands of people,

使数百万千的人们突然陷入其中，

including many of you here today,

也包括今天在座的各位，

and I thank you.

对此，我向你们表达我的谢意。

And this TED community will not be surprised

我想，TED群体应该不会 对我待会要说的话感到惊讶，

if I tell you the first area

我们当时见证了，

in which we saw remarkable change

第一个领域的惊人变化，

was ...

便是...

technology.

科技。

We began to see that clean technologies,

我们开始关注清洁技术，

in particular renewable energy technologies,

特别是可再生能源技术，

began to drop price and increase in capacity,

开始降低成本，并提高生产力，

to the point where today we are already building

为了我们如今已经建立起来的

concentrated solar power plants

集中太阳能发电厂，

that have the capacity to power entire cities,

能够拥有足够的能量来攻击整个城市，

to say nothing of the fact of what we are doing on mobility

而对那些我们在流动性 以及智能大厦中

and intelligent buildings.

的作为闭口不提。

And with this shift in technologies,

然而，有了科技这个转变，

we were able to begin to understand

我们开始能够理解，

that there was a shift in the economic equation,

从经济均衡来看，也是个转变，

because we were able to recognize

因为我们能够认识到，

that yes, there are huge costs to climate change,

一，气候变化需要巨大的成本，

and yes, there are compounded risks.

二，其中也有各种风险。

But there also are economic advantages

但其中也有经济优势，

and intrinsic benefits,

以及内在利益，

because the dissemination of the clean technologies

因为清洁技术的散播，

is going to bring us cleaner air,

能够带给我们更新鲜的空气，

better health,

使我们更健康，

better transportation, more livable cities,

交通也更顺畅，更多宜居的城市，

more energy security,

更多能源保证，

more energy access to the developing world.

以及会有更多能够助于世界发展的能源出现。

In sum, a better world than what we have now.

总而言之，会有一个 比我们现在还要棒的世界。

And with that understanding,

有了这个觉悟，

you should have witnessed, in fact, part of you were,

你应该见证一下， 事实上，你已经参与其中，

the spread of ingenuity and excitement

经历了其聪明才智和兴奋的蔓延，

that went through, first through nonnational governments,

首当其冲的是非政府方，

the private sector, captains of industry, insurance companies,

私营企业，业界巨头，保险公司，

investors, city leaders, faith communities,

投资方，市领导人，各种信仰的社区，

because they all began to understand, this actually can be in their interest.

因为他们都开始懂得， 这着实和他们的切身利益有关。

This can actually improve their bottom line.

这确实可以提升他们的最终盈利。

And it wasn't just the usual suspects.

而这并非是秋后算账。

I have to tell you I had the CEO of a major, major oil and gas company

我必须和你说，有个在非常大型的石油和天然气公司 任职的首席执行官，

come to me at the beginning of last year

在去年年初的时候找到我，

and say --

和我说道 --

privately, of course --

当然，是私底下 --

he did not know how he was going to change his company,

他当时不知道该如何改变 目前的公司状况，

but he is going to change it,

但是他又这个打算，

because he's interested in long-term viability.

因为他看中的是公司长久的可行性。

Well, now we have a shift in the economic equation,

嗯，现在，我们在经济均衡方面有了转变，

and with that, with broader support from everyone,

而由于这个转变，以及大家广泛的支持，

it did not take very long before we saw that national governments

我们见证各国政府 在对自身国家利益上的觉悟，

woke up to the fact that this is in their national interest.

也不会太久。

And when we asked countries to begin to identify

并且当我们开始让各国政府去定义，

how they could contribute to global efforts

他们改如何为全球做出贡献时，

but based on their national interest,

但是是在本国利益的基础上，

189 countries out of 195,

195个国家中的189个国家，

189 countries sent their comprehensive climate change plans,

189个国家都献出了 他们应对气候变化的详尽计划，

based on their national interest,

这计划是在本国利益基础上，

concurrent with their priorities,

同时结合了他们的重点，

consistent with their national sustainable development plans.

并与各国持久发展计划相符合。

Well,

当然，

once you protect the core interests of nations,

一旦你保护了各国的核心利益，

then you can understand that nations were ready

你会了解到各国也准备好，

to begin to converge onto a common path,

开始通往同一条道路，

onto a common direction of travel

朝向同一个方向，

that is going to take us probably several decades,

这也将带给我们可能数十个年头，

but over those several decades is going to take us

或者超过数十个年头，

into the new economy,

一番新经济的景象，

into a decarbonized, highly resilient economy,

进入一个脱碳化，高度强韧经济时期，

And the national contributions that are currently on the table

而那时各国所做出的贡献，

on behalf of national governments

也将代表各国政府，展示于人前，

are insufficient to get us to a stabilized climate,

虽还不足于带给我们一个稳定的气候，

but they are only the first step,

但这迈出的第一步，

and they will improve over time.

将随着时间的推延，得到提升。

And the measurement, reporting and verification of all of those efforts

而这些结果的衡量，汇报以及验证，

is legally binding.

是具有法律约束力的。

And the checkpoints that we're going to have every five years

而这些我们每五年都要面对的关卡，

to assess collective progress towards our goal are legally binding,

为了达到我们目标而评估总体进展， 也是具有法律约束力的，

and the path itself toward a decarbonized and more resilient economy

而这条通往脱碳化， 更加强韧经济的道路，

is legally binding.

也是具有法律约束力的。

And here's the more important part:

还有更重要的点是：

What did we have before?

我们之前拥有的是什么？

A very small handful of countries

屈指可数的国家，

who had undertaken very reduced,

都经历了非常缩减的，

short-term emission reduction commitments

短期的减排承诺，

that were completely insufficient

而这仅仅是不够的，

and furthermore, largely perceived as a burden.

另外，很大程度上被视为一种负担。

Now what do we have?

那现在我们拥有的是什么？

Now we have all countries of the world contributing with different intensities

我们现在有的是来自世界的各个国家， 用不同的方式，

from different approaches in different sectors,

在不同的区域，以不同的强度 来做出他们的贡献，

but all of them contributing to a common goal

但是他们都是为了同一个目标，

and along a path

怀着整体环保的心情，

with environmental integrity.

朝着同一方向。

Well, once you have all of this in place

一旦所有事物都适得其所，

and you have shifted this understanding,

你会开始改变想法，

then you see that governments were able to go to Paris

然后你会看到 各个国家都愿意前往巴黎，

and adopt the Paris agreement.

对巴黎协议表示认同。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

So,

所以，

as I look back

当我回顾一切，

over the past six years,

回顾这过去的六年，

first I remember

跳出的第一件事，

the day the Paris agreement was adopted.

便是巴黎协议被采纳的那天。

I cannot tell you the euphoria in the room.

我形容不出那时在房间里的愉悦。

5,000 people jumping out of their seats,

5000个人都高兴的从椅子上跳了起来，

crying, clapping, screaming, yelling,

哭泣，鼓掌，尖叫，呐喊着，

torn between euphoria and still disbelief at what they had just seen,

欣喜之情和难以置信间的纠葛， 是他们之前刚见证到的，

because so many people

因为有太多的人，

had worked for years towards this, and this was finally their reality.

为达成这个目标而工作数年， 然而现在终于实现了。

And it wasn't just those who had participated directly.

而这不仅仅是直接参与的那些人。

A few weeks ago, I was with a colleague

几周前，我和一位同事，

who was trying to decide

他当时在为他美丽的妻子Natasha，

on a Tahitian pearl that he wanted to give to his wonderful wife Natasha.

选择大溪地珍珠来作为礼物的时候。

And once he had finally decided what he was going to buy,

当他终于决定要买哪个的时候，

the jeweler said to him,

店员和他说道，

"You know, you're very lucky that you're buying this now,

“你知道吗，你现在买下这个十分幸运，

because these pearls could go extinct very soon because of climate change."

因为这些珍珠灰因为气候变化， 很快就会不复存在。“

"But," the jeweler said, "have you heard,

“但是，”店员说道，“你知道吗，

the governments have just come to a decision,

政府刚提出一个决策，

and Tahiti could have a chance."

大溪地可能还有一线生机。“

Well, what a fantastic confirmation

这证实太棒了，

that perhaps, perhaps here is hope,

可能，有可能便有希望，

here is a possible chance.

这是个可能性。

I'm the first one to recognize that we have a lot of work still to do.

我是第一个意识到我们还有很多事要去做。

We've only just started our work on climate change.

在气候变化的问题上， 我们仅仅只是开始。

And in fact, we need to make sure that we redouble our efforts

而且事实上，我们要确保能够， 在接下来十分重要的五年内，

over the next five years that are the urgent five years.

增加我们的成效。

But I do believe

而且我相信，

that we have come over the past six years

我们所经历的这六年，

from the impossible

我们从不可能，

to the now unstoppable.

成长为如今的势不可挡。

And how did we do that? By injecting transformational optimism

而我们又是如何做到的呢？ 通过注入具有转变意义的乐观态度，

that allowed us to go from confrontation to collaboration,

那使得我们能够从对峙到合作，

that allowed us to understand that national and local interests

那使得我们去理解国家以及当地的利益，

are not necessarily at odds with global needs,

而并非是于全球需求所抗衡的，

and that if we understand that, we can bring them together

并且如果我们理解这点， 就能够使大家团结起来，

and we can merge them harmoniously.

我们可以使大家都和睦相处。

And as I look forward to other global issues

当我回顾其他的全球议题时，

that will require our attention this century --

需要我们对这世纪的关注 --

food security, water security, home security, forced migration --

食品安全，水源安全， 家庭保全，强制迁移 --

I see that we certainly do not know

我想我们目前还不是十分清楚，

how we are going to solve those problems yet.

该如何解决这些问题。

But we can take a page out of what we have done on climate change

但我们可以为在气候变化上做出的贡献， 画下新的篇章，

and we can understand

并且我们知道，

that we have got to reinterpret the zero-sum mentality.

我们应该重新定义零和心态。

Because we were trained to believe that there always are winners and losers,

因为我们老是被灌输 应该去相信，凡是都有输有赢，

and that your loss is my gain.

不是你输，就是我赢。

Well, now that we're in a world

然而，我们共同生活在同一个世界，

in which we have reached planetary boundaries

一个我们都会碰到许多界限的世界，

and that we are not just so interconnected,

我们并非只是相互联结，

but increasingly interdependent on each other,

而是越来越相互依靠，

your loss is no longer my gain.

输了的对立面，不再是赢了。

We're either all losers

我们要么全盘皆输，

or we all can be winners.

要么大获全胜。

But we are going to have to decide

我们需要在从无到有中，

between zero and sum.

进行选择。

We're going to have to decide between zero benefit for all

我们需要在毫无利益，

or living life as the sum of all of us.

还是为全人类畅享生活中作出选择。

We've done it once. We can do it again.

我们已经做到过了。我们还可以再做到。

Thanks.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）