A conservative's plea: Let's work together | Arthur Brooks

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

I come from one of the most liberal,

Potičem iz jednog od najliberalnijih,

tolerant, progressive places in the United States,

najtolerantnijih, najprogresivnijih mesta u Sjedinjenim Državama,

Seattle, Washington.

Sijetla u Vašingtonu.

And I grew up with a family of great Seattlites.

Odrastao sam uz porodicu sjajnih stanovnika Sijetla.

My mother was an artist, my father was a college professor,

Moja majka je bila umetnik, moj otac je bio profesor na fakultetu,

and I am truly grateful for my upbringing,

a zaista sam zahvalan zbog mog vaspitanja,

because I always felt completely comfortable designing my life

jer sam uvek imao slobodu da osmišljavam svoj život

exactly as I saw fit.

upravo onako kako sam smatrao podesnim.

And in point of fact,

Zapravo,

I took a route that was not exactly what my parents had in mind.

pošao sam putem koji moji roditelji baš i nisu imali na umu.

When I was 19, I dropped out of college --

Sa 19 godina sam napustio fakultet -

dropped out, kicked out, splitting hairs.

napustio, izbacili me, da ne cepidlačimo.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And I went on the road as a professional French horn player,

Krenuo sam da putujem kao profesionalni svirač horne,

which was my lifelong dream.

što je bio moj životni san.

I played chamber music all over the United States and Europe,

Svirao sam kamernu muziku širom Sjedinjenih Država i Evrope.

and I toured for a couple of years

Išao sam na turneju par godina

with a great jazz guitar player named Charlie Bird.

sa sjajnim džez gitaristom po imenu Čarli Berd.

And by the end of my 20s,

Pred kraj dvadesetih godina,

I wound up as a member of the Barcelona Symphony Orchestra in Spain.

postao sam član simfonijskog orkestra Barselone u Španiji.

What a great life.

Kakav sjajan život!

And you know, my parents never complained.

Znate, moji roditelji se nikad nisu žalili.

They supported me all the way through it.

Podržavali su me u tome sve vreme.

It wasn't their dream.

To nije bio njihov san.

They used to tell their neighbors and friends,

Imali su običaj da kažu svojim susedima i prijateljima:

"Our son, he's taking a gap decade."

„Naš sin je uzeo deceniju pauze.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And --

There was, however, one awkward conversation about my lifestyle

Došlo je, međutim, do jednog nelagodnog razgovora

u vezi sa mojim životnim stilom o kome želim da vam govorim.

that I want to tell you about.

I was 27, and I was home from Barcelona,

Imao sam 27 godina i došao sam kući iz Barselone,

and I was visiting my parents for Christmas,

u posetu roditeljima za Božić.

and I was cooking dinner with my mother, and we were alone in the kitchen.

Spremao sam večeru sa majkom i bili smo sami u kuhinji.

And she was quiet, too quiet.

Bila je tiha, previše tiha.

Something was wrong.

Nešto nije bilo u redu.

And so I said, "Mom, what's on your mind?"

Upitao sam: „Mama, o čemu razmišljaš?“

And she said, "Your dad and I are really worried about you."

Rekla je: „Tvoj tata i ja smo jako zabrinuti zbog tebe.“

Uzviknuo sam: „Šta?“ Mislim, šta može da bude, u ovom trenutku?

And I said, "What?" I mean, what could it be, at this point?

And she said, "I want you to be completely honest with me:

Rekla je: „Hoću da budeš potpuno iskren prema meni.

have you been voting for Republicans?"

Da li si glasao za republikance?“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now, the truth is,

Istina je

I wasn't really political, I was just a French horn player.

da nisam baš bio politički orijentisan; bio sam samo svirač horne.

But I had a bit of an epiphany,

Međutim, imao sam nekakvo prosvetljenje,

and they had detected it, and it was causing some confusion.

što su oni primetili, a to je stvorilo zabunu.

You see, I had become an enthusiast for capitalism,

Vidite, počeo sam da gajim entuzijazam prema kapitalizmu,

and I want to tell you why that is.

a hteo bih da vam ispričam zašto.

It stems from a lifelong interest of mine

To proizilazi iz mog dugotrajnog zanimanja

in, believe it or not, poverty.

za, verovali ili ne, siromaštvo.

See, when I was a kid growing up in Seattle,

Vidite, kada sam bio klinac, odrastajući u Sijetlu,

I remember the first time I saw real poverty.

sećam se kada sam prvi put video pravo siromaštvo.

We were a lower middle class family, but that's of course not real poverty.

Mi smo bili porodica niže srednje klase, ali to, naravno, nije pravo siromaštvo.

That's not even close.

To nije ni približno.

The first time I saw poverty, and poverty's face,

Prvi put sam video siromaštvo i lice siromaštva

was when I was six or seven years old, early 1970s.

kada sam imao šest ili sedam godina, ranih 1970-ih.

And it was like a lot of you, kind of a prosaic example, kind of trite.

Bilo je kao i kod većine vas, prozaičan primer, nekako otrcan.

It was a picture in the National Geographic Magazine

Bila je to slika u časopisu „Nacionalna geografija“

of a kid who was my age in East Africa,

deteta koje je bilo mojih godina u istočnoj Africi.

and there were flies on his face and a distended belly.

Bilo je muva na njegovom licu i imao je naduven stomak.

And he wasn't going to make it, and I knew that, and I was helpless.

On neće preživeti, znao sam to i bio sam bespomoćan.

Some of you remember that picture,

Neki od vas se sećaju te slike,

not exactly that picture, one just like it.

ne baš te slike, već neke slične.

It introduced the West to grinding poverty around the world.

Predstavila je Zapadu mučno siromaštvo širom sveta.

Well, that vision kind of haunted me as I grew up and I went to school

Taj prizor me je nekako proganjao dok sam odrastao i išao u školu,

and I dropped out and dropped in

napuštao je i vraćao se

and started my family.

i osnivao svoju porodicu.

And I wondered, what happened to that kid?

Pitao sam se šta se dogodilo sa tim detetom

Or to people just like him all over the world?

ili sa ljudima poput njega širom sveta.

And so I started to study, even though I wasn't in college,

Stoga sam počeo da izučavam, mada nisam išao na fakultet,

tražio sam odgovor na to

I was looking for the answer:

what happened to the world's poorest people?

šta se dešava najsiromašnijim ljudima sveta.

Has it gotten worse? Has it gotten better? What?

Da li se pogoršalo? Da li se poboljšalo? Šta?

And I found the answer, and it changed my life,

Pronašao sam odgovor, promenio mi je život,

and I want to share it with you.

i želim da ga podelim sa vama.

See --

Vidite,

most Americans believe that poverty has gotten worse

većina Amerikanaca veruje da se siromaštvo pogoršalo

since we were children, since they saw that vision.

otkad smo bili deca, otkad su videli taj prizor.

Ako upitate Amerikance:

If you ask Americans, "Has poverty gotten worse or better around the world?",

„Da li se siromaštvo pogoršalo ili poboljšalo širom sveta?“,

70 percent will say that hunger has gotten worse since the early 1970s.

Sedamdeset posto će vam reći da se glad pogoršala od ranih 1970-ih godina.

But here's the truth.

Međutim, evo istine.

Here's the epiphany that I had that changed my thinking.

Evo prosvetljenja koje sam doživeo koje mi je promenilo razmišljanje.

From 1970 until today,

Od 1970. do danas,

the percentage of the world's population

procenat svetske populacije

living in starvation levels,

koji živi na nivou gladovanja,

living on a dollar a day or less, obviously adjusted for inflation,

na samo jednom dolaru dnevno ili manje - očito, to je prilagođeno zbog inflacije -

that percentage has declined

taj procenat je opao

by 80 percent.

za 80 odsto.

There's been an 80 percent decline in the world's worst poverty

Došlo je do pada od 80 odsto najgoreg siromaštva na svetu

otkad sam bio dete.

since I was a kid.

Nisam ni znao za to.

And I didn't even know about it.

This, my friends, that's a miracle.

To je, prijatelji moji, čudo.

That's something we ought to celebrate.

To je nešto što treba da slavimo.

It's the greatest antipoverty achievement in the history of mankind,

To je najveće postignuće u borbi protiv siromaštva

u istoriji čovečanstva,

and it happened in our lifetimes.

a dogodilo se u našem životnom veku.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

So when I learned this, I asked, what did that? What made it possible?

Kada sam saznao ovo, zapitao sam se:

„Čime se to postiglo? Šta je to omogućilo?“

Because if you don't know why, you can't do it again.

Jer, ako ne znate zašto, ne možete to da ponovite.

If you want to replicate it

Ako želite to da ponovite

and get the next two billion people out of poverty,

i izvučete iz siromaštva naredne dve milijarde ljudi,

because that's what we're talking about: since I was a kid,

jer to je ono o čemu govorimo, a otkad sam bio dete,

two billion of the least of these, our brothers and sisters,

najmanje dve milijarde njih, naše braće i sestara,

have been pulled out of poverty.

izvučeno je iz siromaštva.

I want the next two billion, so I've got to know why.

Hoću da tako bude i sa naredne dve, stoga moram da znam zašto.

And I went in search of an answer.

Krenuo sam u potragu za odgovorom.

And it wasn't a political answer, because I didn't care.

To nije bio politički odgovor, jer me nije bilo briga.

You know what, I still don't care.

Znate šta, i dalje me nije briga.

I wanted the best answer from mainstream economists

Hteo sam najbolji odgovor od vodećih ekonomista,

left, right and center.

levice, desnice i sredine.

And here it is.

I evo ga.

Here are the reasons.

Evo razloga.

There are five reasons that two billion of our brothers and sisters

Postoji pet razloga zašto je dve milijarde naše braće i sestara

have been pulled out of poverty since I was a kid.

iščupano iz siromaštva otkad sam bio dete.

Number one: globalization.

Broj jedan: globalizacija.

Number two: free trade.

Broj dva: slobodna trgovina.

Number three: property rights.

Broj tri: pravo svojine.

Number four: rule of law.

Broj četiri: vladavina prava.

Number five: entrepreneurship.

Broj pet: preduzetništvo.

It was the free enterprise system spreading around the world

Sistem slobodnog preduzetništva koji se širio po svetu

after 1970 that did that.

nakon 1970. godine je to postigao.

Now, I'm not naive.

E, sad, nisam naivan.

I know that free enterprise isn't perfect,

Znam da slobodno preduzetništvo nije savršeno

and I know that free enterprise isn't everything we need

i znam da slobodno preduzetništvo nije sve što nam je potrebno

to build a better world.

da bismo izgradili bolji svet.

But that is great.

Ipak, to je sjajno

And that's beyond politics.

i to je iznad politike.

Here's what I learned. This is the epiphany.

Evo šta sam shvatio. Ovo je prosvetljenje.

Capitalism is not just about accumulation.

Kapitalizam se ne odnosi samo na gomilanje.

At its best, it's about aspiration,

U svom najboljem obliku, odnosi se na stremljenje,

which is what so many people on this stage talk about,

a to je ono o čemu toliko ljudi na ovoj bini govori,

is the aspiration that comes from dreams

o stremljenju koje proizilazi iz snova

koji su ugrađeni u sistem slobodnog preduzetništva.

that are embedded in the free enterprise system.

And we've got to share it with more people.

Moramo ga deliti sa još ljudi.

Now, I want to tell you about a second epiphany

E, sad, hoću da vam pričam o drugom prosvetljenju

that's related to that first one

koje je u vezi sa prvim

that I think can bring us progress, not just around the world,

koje smatram da nam može doneti napredak, ne samo širom sveta,

but right here at home.

već i ovde, u domovini.

The best quote I've ever heard

Najbolji citat koji sam čuo

to summarize the thoughts that I've just given you

da rezimira misli koje sam vam upravo izneo

about pulling people out of poverty

o izvlačenju ljudi iz siromaštva

is as follows:

je sledeći:

"Free markets have created more wealth than any system in history.

„Slobodna tržišta su stvorila više bogatstva

od bilo kog sistema u istoriji.

They have lifted billions out of poverty."

Izdigla su milijarde iz siromaštva.“

Who said it?

Ko je to rekao?

It sounds like Milton Friedman or Ronald Reagan.

Zvuči kao Milton Fridman ili Ronald Regan.

Wrong.

Greška.

President Barack Obama said that.

Predsednik Barak Obama je to rekao.

Why do I know it by heart?

Zašto to znam napamet?

Because he said it to me.

Jer je to rekao meni.

Crazy.

Ludo.

And I said, "Hallelujah."

Rekao sam: „Aleluja.“

But more than that, I said,

Štaviše, rekao sam:

"What an opportunity."

„Kakva prilika.“

Znate li o čemu sam razmišljao?

You know what I was thinking?

It was at an event that we were doing on the subject

Bilo je to na događaju koji smo održavali na ovu temu

at Georgetown University in May of 2015.

na Univerzitetu u Džordžtaunu u maju 2015. godine.

And I thought, this is the solution

Pomislio sam da je to rešenje

to the biggest problem facing America today. What?

za najveći problem sa kojim se Amerika suočava danas. Šta?

It's coming together around these ideas,

To je udruživanje oko ovih ideja,

liberals and conservatives,

liberala i konzervativaca,

to help people who need us the most.

da bismo pomogli ljudima kojima smo najviše potrebni.

Now, I don't have to tell anybody in this room that we're in a crisis,

Nije potrebno da nikome u ovoj prostoriji kažem da smo u krizi,

in America and many countries around the world with political polarization.

u Americi i mnogim zemljama širom sveta sa političkom polarizovanošću.

To je poraslo do kritičnog, kriznog nivoa.

It's risen to critical, crisis levels.

It's unpleasant. It's not right.

Neprijatno je. Nije kako treba.

There was an article last year

Objavljen je jedan članak prošle godine u „Zborniku Nacionalne akademije nauka“,

in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,

which is one of the most prestigious scientific journals

koji je jedan od najprestižnijih naučnih časopisa

published in the West.

koji se izdaju na Zapadu.

And it was an article in 2014

Bio je to članak iz 2014. godine

on political motive asymmetry.

o asimetriji političkih motiva.

What's that? That's what psychologists call the phenomenon

Šta je to? To je ono što psiholozi nazivaju pojavom pretpostavke

of assuming that your ideology is based in love

da je vaša ideologija zasnovana na ljubavi,

but your opponents' ideology is based in hate.

a protivnikova ideologija ima osnovu u mržnji.

It's common in world conflict.

Učestala je u svetskim konfliktima.

You expect to see this between Palestinians and Israelis, for example.

Očekujete da ćete to videti između Palestinaca i Izraelaca, na primer.

What the authors of this article found

Autori ovog članka su otkrili

was that in America today, a majority of Republicans and Democrats

da u današnjoj Americi većina republikanaca i demokrata

suffer from political motive asymmetry.

boluje od asimetrije političkog motiva.

A majority of people in our country today who are politically active believe

Većina ljudi koji su politički aktivni u našoj zemlji danas veruje

that they are motivated by love but the other side is motivated by hate.

da ih motiviše ljubav, dok drugu stranu motiviše mržnja.

Think about it. Think about it.

Razmislite o tome. Razmislite o tome.

Most people are walking around saying,

Većina ljudi ide okolo govoreći:

"You know, my ideology is based on basic benevolence,

„Znate, moja ideologija zasniva se na osnovnoj dobronamernosti,

I want to help people,

želim da pomognem ljudima,

but the other guys, they're evil and out to get me."

ali ovi drugi, oni su zli i nameračili su se protiv mene.“

You can't progress as a society when you have this kind of asymmetry.

Ne možete napredovati kao društvo ako imate takvu asimetriju.

It's impossible.

Nemoguće je.

How do we solve it?

Kako da to rešimo?

Well, first, let's be honest: there are differences.

Pa, najpre, budimo iskreni, razlike postoje.

Let's not minimize the differences. That would be really naïve.

Ne umanjujmo razlike. To bi zaista bilo naivno.

There's a lot of good research on this.

O ovome je sprovedeno dosta dobrih istraživanja.

A veteran of the TED stage is my friend Jonathan Haidt.

Veteran TED bine je moj prijatelj Džonatan Hajt.

He's a psychology professor at New York University.

On je profesor psihologije na Univerzitetu u Njujorku.

He does work on the ideology and values and morals of different people

Radi na ideologiji, vrednostima i moralu različitih ljudi

to see how they differ.

da bi video kako se razlikuju.

And he's shown, for example, that conservatives and liberals

Pokazao je, na primer, da se konzervativci i liberali

have a very different emphasis on what they think is important.

veoma razlikuju po onome što ističu da je važno.

For example, Jon Haidt has shown

Na primer, Džon Hajt je pokazao

that liberals care about poverty

da je liberalima stalo do siromaštva

59 percent more than they care about economic liberty.

59 posto više nego što im je stalo do ekonomske slobode,

And conservatives care about economic liberty

a konzervativcima je stalo do ekonomske slobode

28 percent more than they care about poverty.

28 posto više nego do siromaštva.

Irreconcilable differences, right?

Nepomirljive razlike, zar ne?

We'll never come together. Wrong.

Nikada se nećemo složiti. Pogrešno.

That is diversity in which lies our strength.

Ovo je različitost u kojoj leži naša snaga.

Remember what pulled up the poor.

Setite se šta je izvuklo siromašne.

It was the obsession with poverty,

Bila je to opsednutost siromaštvom,

accompanied by the method of economic freedom

zajedno sa metodom ekonomske slobode

spreading around the world.

koja se širila po svetu.

We need each other, in other words,

Potrebni smo jedni drugima, drugim rečima,

if we want to help people and get the next two billion people out of poverty.

ako hoćemo da pomognemo ljudima

i izvučemo još dve milijarde ljudi iz siromaštva.

There's no other way.

Nema drugog načina.

Hmm.

Hm.

How are we going to get that?

Kako ćemo to da uradimo?

It's a tricky thing, isn't it.

Nezgodno je, zar ne?

We need innovative thinking.

Potrebno nam je inovativno razmišljanje.

A lot of it's on this stage.

Ima ga dosta na ovoj bini.

Social entrepreneurship. Yeah. Absolutely. Phenomenal.

Društveno preduzetništvo. Da, apsolutno. Fenomenalno.

We need investment overseas

Potrebna su nam ulaganja izvan granica

in a sustainable, responsible, ethical and moral way. Yes. Yes.

na održiv, odgovoran, etički i moralan način. Da. Da.

Međutim, znate li šta nam zaista treba?

But you know what we really need?

We need a new day in flexible ideology.

Potreban nam je preokret fleksibilne ideologije.

We need to be less predictable.

Potrebno nam je da budemo manje predvidljivi.

Don't we?

Zar ne?

Do you ever feel like your own ideology is starting to get predictable?

Da li ikada osećate da vaša ideologija postaje predvidljiva,

Kinda conventional?

nekako konvencionalna?

Do you ever feel like you're always listening to people who agree with you?

Da li vam se čini da uvek slušate ljude koji se slažu sa vama?

Why is that dangerous?

Zašto je to opasno?

Because when we talk in this country about economics,

Zato što, kada u ovoj zemlji govorimo o ekonomiji,

on the right, conservatives,

ako ste na desnoj strani, konzervativci,

you're always talking about taxes and regulations and big government.

uvek pričate o porezima, regulativama i velikoj vladi.

And on the left, liberals, you're talking about economics,

Na levoj strani, liberali, kada vi govorite o ekonomiji,

it's always about income inequality.

uvek se radi o nejednakosti prihoda.

Right? Now those are important things,

Zar ne? To su važne stvari,

really important to me, really important to you.

zaista važne za mene, zaista važne za vas.

But when it comes to lifting people up

Međutim, kada se radi o uzdizanju ljudi

who are starving and need us today, those are distractions.

koji gladuju i kojima smo potrebni danas, to odvraća pažnju.

We need to come together around the best ways

Potrebno je da se udružimo oko najboljih načina

to mitigate poverty using the best tools at our disposal,

da ublažimo siromaštvo

koristeći najbolja sredstva kojima raspolažemo,

and that comes only when conservatives recognize that they need liberals

a to nastupa tek kada konzervativci priznaju da su im potrebni liberali

and their obsession with poverty,

i njihova opsednutost siromaštvom,

and liberals need conservatives and their obsession with free markets.

i da su liberalima potrebni konzervativci i njihova opsesija slobodnim tržištima.

That's the diversity in which lies the future strength of this country,

To je različitost u kojoj leži buduća snaga ove zemlje,

if we choose to take it.

ako odlučimo da je prihvatimo.

So how are we going to do it? How are we going to do it together?

Pa, kako ćemo to da uradimo? Kako ćemo to uraditi zajedno?

I've got to have some action items, not just for you but for me.

Moram da imam neke akcione stavke, ne samo za vas, već i za mene.

Number one. Action item number one:

Broj jedan, akciona stavka broj jedan:

remember, it's not good enough just to tolerate people who disagree.

upamtite, nije dovoljno samo tolerisati ljude koji se ne slažu sa nama.

It's not good enough.

To nije dovoljno.

We have to remember that we need people who disagree with us,

Moramo da upamtimo da su nam potrebni ljudi koji se ne slažu sa nama,

because there are people who need all of us

jer ima ljudi kojima smo potrebni svi mi,

who are still waiting for these tools.

a koji još čekaju na ta sredstva.

Now, what are you going to do? How are you going to express that?

Šta ćete da uradite? Kako ćete to da izrazite?

Where does this start? It starts here.

Gde ovo počinje? Počinje ovde.

You know, all of us in this room, we're blessed.

Znate, svi mi u ovoj prostoriji, mi imamo sreće.

We're blessed with people who listen to us.

Imamo sreće da imamo ljude koji nas slušaju.

We're blessed with prosperity. We're blessed with leadership.

Imamo sreću napretka. Imamo sreću vođstva.

When people hear us, with the kind of unpredictable ideology,

Kada nas ljudi čuju, sa nekom vrstom nepredvidljive ideologije,

then maybe people will listen.

tada će možda slušati.

Maybe progress will start at that point.

Možda će napredak početi u tom trenutku.

That's number one. Number two.

To je broj jedan. Broj dva.

Number two: I'm asking you and I'm asking me

Broj dva: tražim od vas i od sebe

to be the person specifically who blurs the lines,

da budemo osobe koje zamagljuju granice,

who is ambiguous, who is hard to classify.

koje su dvosmislene, koje je teško svrstati.

If you're a conservative,

Ako ste konzervativac,

be the conservative who is always going on about poverty

budite konzervativac koji uvek priča o siromaštvu

and the moral obligation to be a warrior for the poor.

i moralnoj obavezi da budemo borci za siromašne.

And if you're a liberal, be a liberal who is always talking

Ako ste liberal, budite liberal koji uvek govori

about the beauty of free markets to solve our problems

o lepoti slobodnih tržišta u rešavanju naših problema

when we use them responsibly.

kada ih odgovorno koristimo.

If we do that, we get two things.

Ako to uradimo, dobijamo dve stvari.

Number one: we get to start to work on the next two billion

Broj jedan: počinjemo da radimo na sledeće dve milijarde

and be the solution that we've seen so much of in the past

i da budemo rešenje koje smo toliko viđali u prošlosti

and we need to see more of in the future. That's what we get.

i koje treba da više viđamo u budućnosti; to je ono što dobijamo.

And the second is that we might just be able

A drugo je da bismo mogli

to take the ghastly holy war of ideology that we're suffering under in this country

da uzmemo ovaj grozni sveti rat ideologije koji trpimo u ovoj zemlji

and turn it into a competition of ideas

i pretvorimo ga u nadmetanje ideja

based on solidarity and mutual respect.

zasnovanih na solidarnosti i zajedničkom poštovanju,

And then maybe, just maybe,

a tada možda, samo možda,

we'll all realize that our big differences

shvatimo da naše velike razlike

aren't really that big after all.

i nisu stvarno tako velike.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)