My Country Will Be Underwater Soon -- Unless We Work Together | Anote Tong | TED Talks

Translator: Petra Aquamarine Reviewer: Linda Magáthová

Chris Anderson: Perhaps we could start by just telling us about your country.

Chris Anderson: Na začiatok by ste nám mohli niečo povedať o svojej krajine.

It's three dots there on the globe. Those dots are pretty huge.

Na mape sveta sú to tri bodky. Dosť veľké.

I think each one is about the size of California.

Myslím, že každá má asi tak rozlohu Kalifornie.

Tell us about Kiribati.

Povedzte nám o Kiribati.

Anote Tong: Well, let me first begin by saying how deeply grateful I am

Anote Tong: Rád by som najprv vyjadril svoju hlbokú vďačnosť

for this opportunity to share my story with people who do care.

za možnosť podeliť sa o svoj príbeh s ľuďmi, ktorí nie sú ľahostajní.

I think I've been sharing my story with a lot of people who don't care too much.

Už som ho rozprával mnohým, ktorým na tom príliš nezáležalo.

But Kiribati is comprised of three groups of islands:

Kiribati tvoria tri skupiny ostrovov:

the Gilbert Group on the west,

Gilbertova skupina na západe,

we have the Phoenix Islands in the middle,

Phoenixské ostrovy uprostred

and the Line Islands in the east.

a Líniové ostrovy na východe.

And quite frankly, Kiribati is perhaps the only country

Poviem vám, že Kiribati je asi jediná krajina,

that is actually in the four corners of the world,

ktorá leží v štyroch kútoch sveta,

because we are in the Northern Hemisphere, in the Southern Hemisphere,

lebo sme na severnej aj južnej pologuli

and also in the east and the west of the International Date Line.

a zároveň na východ aj na západ od dátumovej hranice.

These islands are entirely made up of coral atolls,

Ostrovy pozostávajú čisto z korálových atolov

and on average about two meters above sea level.

a priemerná nadmorská výška je asi 2 metre.

And so this is what we have.

To je všetko, čo máme.

Usually not more than two kilometers in width.

Šírka ostrovov väčšinou nepresahuje 2 km.

And so, on many occasions, I've been asked by people,

Často sa ma ľudia pýtajú:

"You know, you're suffering, why don't you move back?"

„Dobre, máte problém, prečo sa nestiahnete do vnútrozemia? “

They don't understand.

They have no concept of what it is that's involved.

Nechápu. Vôbec nerozumejú situácii.

With the rising sea, they say, "Well, you can move back."

„Keď sa zvýši morská hladina,“ hovoria, „tak choďte od mora ďalej.“

And so this is what I tell them.

Odpovedám takto:

If we move back, we will fall off on the other side of the ocean. OK?

„Ak pôjdeme od mora, tak doň spadneme na druhej strane ostrova. Jasné?"

But these are the kinds of issues that people don't understand.

Takéto veci ľudia nechápu.

CA: So certainly this is just a picture of fragility there.

CA: To vykresľuje, aká je vaša krajina zraniteľná.

When was it that you yourself realized

Kedy ste si vy sám uvedomili,

that there might be impending peril for your country?

že krajine hrozí nebezpečenstvo?

AT: Well, the story of climate change has been one that has been going on

AT: O klimatickej zmene sa predsa hovorí už desiatky rokov.

for quite a number of decades.

And when I came into office in 2003,

A keď som sa stal v roku 2003 prezidentom,

I began talking about climate change at the United Nations General Assembly,

začal som túto tému riešiť na Valnom zhromaždení OSN,

but not with so much passion,

ale vtedy to ešte nebolo s takým nasadením,

because then there was still this controversy among the scientists

pretože medzi vedcami ešte nepanovala zhoda v tom,

whether it was human-induced, whether it was real or it wasn't.

či je zmena klímy spôsobená človekom, a či vôbec prebieha.

But I think that that debate was fairly much concluded in 2007

Ale myslím, že vec sa dostatočne vyjasnila v roku 2007

with the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC,

so Štvrtou hodnotiacou správou Medzivládneho panelu o zmene klímy (IPCC),

which made a categorical statement that it is real, it's human-induced,

ktorá rezolútne tvrdí, že zmeny sú reálne a spôsobené človekom,

and it's predicting some very serious scenarios

a predpovedá veľmi vážne dôsledky

for countries like mine.

pre krajiny, ako je moja.

And so that's when I got very serious.

Vtedy som situáciu začal brať skutočne vážne.

In the past, I talked about it.

Predtým som o tom rozprával.

We were worried.

Mali sme obavy.

But when the scenarios, the predictions came in 2007,

Ale keď v roku 2007 prišli tie predpovede,

it became a real issue for us.

začali sme to brať ako veľký problém.

CA: Now, those predictions are, I think, that by 2100,

CA: Predpovede hovoria o tom, že do roku 2100

sea levels are forecast to rise perhaps three feet.

sa zdvihne hladina mora asi o meter.

There's scenarios where it's higher than that, for sure,

Je pravda, že existujú aj horšie scenáre,

but what would you say to a skeptic who said,

ale čo by ste odpovedali skeptikovi na otázku:

"What's three feet?

„Čo je to jeden meter?

You're on average six feet above sea level.

Veď máte priemernú nadmorskú výšku 2 metre.

What's the problem?"

Kde je problém?“

AT: Well, I think it's got to be understood

AT: Treba si uvedomiť,

that a marginal rise in sea level

že aj malé zvýšenie hladiny prinesie veľkú stratu pôdy,

would mean a loss of a lot of land,

because much of the land is low.

lebo veľká časť pevniny leží nízko.

And quite apart from that, we are getting the swells at the moment.

A okrem toho, my s tým už teraz máme problémy.

So it's not about getting two feet.

Nezačne to až pri zdvihnutí o 70 cm...

I think what many people do not understand

Myslím, že veľa ľudí nechápe,

is they think climate change is something that is happening in the future.

že zmena klímy nie je otázkou budúcnosti.

Well, we're at the very bottom end of the spectrum.

Teraz sme už na spodnom okraji spektra.

It's already with us.

Už sa to deje.

We have communities who already have been dislocated.

Niektoré obce sme už museli evakuovať.

They have had to move, and every parliament session,

Ľudia sa museli odsťahovať

a na každej schôdzi parlamentu dostávam sťažnosti od rôznych obcí:

I'm getting complaints from different communities

asking for assistance to build seawalls,

Žiadajú o pomoc so stavbou hrádzí,

to see what we can do about the freshwater lens

so záchranou zdrojov pitnej vody, ktoré miznú.

because it's being destroyed,

and so in my trips to the different islands,

Počas návštev rôznych ostrovov vidím,

I'm seeing evidence of communities

že obce musia čeliť stratám úrody,

which are now having to cope with the loss of food crops,

the contamination of the water lenses,

kontaminácii podzemných zdrojov vody,

and I see these communities perhaps leaving, having to relocate,

a vidím, že ich obyvatelia zrejme budú musieť odísť

within five to 10 years.

do piatich až desiatich rokov.

CA: And then, I think the country suffered its first cyclone,

CA: Navyše má vaša krajina za sebou prvý hurikán,

and this is connected, yes? What happened here?

a to s klimatickou zmenou súvisí, nie? Čo sa stalo?

AT: Well, we're on the equator,

AT: Ležíme na rovníku

and I'm sure many of you understand that when you're on the equator,

a určite mnohí z vás viete, že rovník je pásmo tíšin.

it's supposed to be in the doldrums. We're not supposed to get the cyclones.

Búrky tu nie sú obvyklé.

We create them, and then we send them either north or south.

U nás vznikajú a my ich posielame na sever či na juh.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

But they aren't supposed to come back.

K nám sa už nevracajú.

But for the first time, at the beginning of this year,

Ale začiatkom tohto roku sa prvýkrát stalo, že hurikán Pam,

the Cyclone Pam, which destroyed Vanuatu,

ktorý zničil Vanuatu,

and in the process, the very edges of it actually touched

zasiahol svojím okrajom aj naše dva najjužnejšie ostrovy.

our two southernmost islands,

and all of Tuvalu was underwater when Hurricane Pam struck.

Pri údere tohto hurikánu bolo Tuvalu celé pod vodou.

But for our two southernmost islands,

A vlny zaliali polovicu rozlohy našich dvoch najjužnejších ostrovov.

we had waves come over half the island,

and so this has never happened before.

To sa nikdy predtým nestalo, je to nová skúsenosť.

It's a new experience.

And I've just come back from my own constituency,

Práve som sa vrátil z môjho domovského okresu

and I've seen these beautiful trees which had been there for decades,

a videl som, že tie krásne stromy, čo tam rástli desiatky rokov,

they've been totally destroyed.

hurikán úplne zničil.

So this is what's happening,

Takže toto sa deje.

but when we talk about the rising sea level,

Ale keď sa bavíme o stúpajúcej hladine mora,

we think it's something that happens gradually.

myslíme si, že zmena príde postupne.

It comes with the winds, it comes with the swells,

Ona prichádza s vetrom, s vlnami,

and so they can be magnified,

takže voda sa môže zdvihnúť nárazovo.

but what we are beginning to witness is the change in the weather pattern,

Sme tiež svedkami začínajúcej zmeny meteorologických vzorcov

which is perhaps the more urgent challenge

a to je teraz možno najväčšia hrozba,

that we will face sooner than perhaps the rising sea level.

ktorej budeme musieť čeliť zrejme skôr než rastúcej hladine.

CA: So the country is already seeing effects now.

CA: Takže vaša krajina už teraz znáša následky.

As you look forward,

Keď sa pozriete do budúcnosti,

what are your options as a country, as a nation?

aké máte ako krajina, ako národ, možnosti?

AT: Well, I've been telling this story every year.

AT: Rozprávam o tom každý rok na rôznych...

I think I visit a number of --

I've been traveling the world to try and get people to understand.

cestujem po celom svete a snažím sa to ľuďom vysvetľovať.

We have a plan, we think we have a plan.

Máme plán, aspoň si to myslíme.

And on one occasion, I think I spoke in Geneva

Raz, myslím, že to bolo v Ženeve,

and there was a gentleman who was interviewing me

so mnou robil jeden novinár na túto tému rozhovor

on something like this,

and I said, "We are looking at floating islands,"

a ja som povedal: „Zaujímame sa o plávajúce ostrovy.“

and he thought it was funny, but somebody said,

Jemu to prišlo vtipné, ale niekto povedal:

"No, this is not funny. These people are looking for solutions."

„To nie je vtipné. Títo ľudia hľadajú riešenia.“

And so I have been looking at floating islands.

Takže ja sa zaujímam o plávajúce ostrovy.

The Japanese are interested in building floating islands.

Japonci ich plánujú stavať.

But, as a country, we have made a commitment

Ako krajina sme si dali záväzok,

that no matter what happens, we will try as much as possible

že čokoľvek by prišlo, budeme sa celými silami snažiť

to stay and continue to exist as a nation.

vytrvať a ako národ pokračovať.

What that will take,

Bude to vyžadovať niečo veľkého,

it's going to be something quite significant,

very, very substantial.

veľmi zásadného.

Either we live on floating islands,

Či už budeme žiť na plávajúcich ostrovoch,

or we have to build up the islands to continue to stay out of the water

alebo budeme musieť naše ostrovy zvýšiť, aby sme zostali nad vodou,

as the sea level rises and as the storms get more severe.

keď more vzrastie a búrky zosilnejú.

But even that, it's going to be very, very difficult

Ale aj v tom prípade bude veľmi náročné

to get the kind of resourcing that we would need.

získať potrebné zdroje.

CA: And then the only recourse is some form of forced migration.

CA: A posledná možnosť je nejaká forma nútenej migrácie.

AT: Well, we are also looking at that

AT: Áno, aj na to myslíme,

because in the event that nothing comes forward

pretože v prípade, že nám medzinárodné spoločenstvo nepomôže

from the international community,

musíme sa pripraviť,

we are preparing,

we don't want to be caught like what's happening in Europe.

nechceme sa ocitnúť v situácii, ktorú teraz rieši Európa.

OK? We don't want to mass migrate at some point in time.

Nechceme jedného dňa masovo migrovať.

We want to be able to give the people the choice today,

Chceme dať dnes ľuďom na výber.

those who choose and want to do that, to migrate.

Nech odídu tí, ktorí sa tak rozhodnú.

We don't want something to happen that they are forced to migrate

Nechceme, aby sa stalo niečo, čo ľudí prinúti odísť nepripravených.

without having been prepared to do so.

Of course, our culture is very different, our society is very different,

Samozrejme, máme odlišnú kultúru a spoločnosť

and once we migrate into a different environment,

a keď imigrujeme do iného prostredia, do inej kultúry,

a different culture,

there's a whole lot of adjustments that are required.

bude treba sa veľmi prispôsobovať.

CA: Well, there's forced migration in your country's past,

CA: Vaša krajina už v minulosti nútenú migráciu zažila

and I think just this week,

a myslím, že tento týždeň,

just yesterday or the day before yesterday,

len včera či predvčerom,

you visited these people.

ste týchto ľudí navštívili.

What happened here? What's the story here?

Čo sa vtedy stalo?

AT: Yes, and I'm sorry, I think somebody was asking

AT: Áno a mrzí ma, že niekto sa pýtal,

why we were sneaking off to visit that place.

prečo sme sa „odkradli“ navštíviť to miesto.

I had a very good reason, because we have a community of Kiribati people

Mal som veľmi dobrý dôvod,

lebo v tej časti Šalamúnových ostrovov žije kiribatská komunita.

living in that part of the Solomon Islands,

but these were people who were relocated from the Phoenix Islands, in fact,

Tí ľudia tam boli vysťahovaní z Phoenixských ostrovov v 60. rokoch.

in the 1960s.

There was serious drought, and the people could not continue to live on the island,

Prišlo veľké sucho a tí ľudia už nemohli ďalej žiť na svojom ostrove

and so they were moved to live here in the Solomon Islands.

a tak ich presťahovali sem na Šalamúnove ostrovy.

And so yesterday it was very interesting to meet with these people.

Včera som sa nimi stretol a bolo to veľmi zaujímavé.

They didn't know who I was. They hadn't heard of me.

Nevedeli, kto som. Nikdy o mne nepočuli.

Some of them later recognized me,

Niektorí ma neskôr spoznali.

but I think they were very happy.

Myslím, že ich moja návšteva veľmi potešila.

Later they really wanted to have the opportunity to welcome me formally.

Naozaj stáli o to, aby ma raz mohli prijať oficiálne.

But I think what I saw yesterday was very interesting

Ale včerajšia návšteva bola veľmi zaujímavá tým,

because here I see our people.

že som videl našich ľudí tu u vás.

I spoke in our language, and of course they spoke back, they replied,

Hovoril som našou rečou a oni mi odpovedali,

but their accent, they are beginning not to be able to speak Kiribati properly.

ale ten prízvuk… pomaly už nebudú schopní hovoriť po kiribatsky poriadne.

I saw them, there was this lady with red teeth.

Videl som tam pani s červenými zubami, žuvala oriešky arekovej palmy

She was chewing betel nuts,

and it's not something we do in Kiribati.

a to my na Kiribati nerobíme.

We don't chew betel nuts.

Nežuváme arekové oriešky.

I met also a family who have married the local people here,

Tiež som stretol rodinu, ktorej členovia si vzali miestnych.

and so this is what is happening.

To sa deje.

Keď prídete do inej spoločnosti, budete sa meniť.

As you go into another community, there are bound to be changes.

There is bound to be a certain loss of identity,

Nutne stratíte časť svojej identity.

and this is what we will be looking for in the future

To nás čaká v budúcnosti,

if and when we do migrate.

ak a keď sa odsťahujeme.

CA: It must have been just an extraordinarily emotional day

CA: Musel to byť emóciami nabitý deň,

because of these questions about identity,

všetky tie otázky identity, radosť, že vás vidia,

the joy of seeing you and perhaps an emphasized sense of what they had lost.

a možno aj zosilnený pocit straty.

And it's very inspiring to hear you say you're going to fight to the end

Je veľmi inšpirujúce počuť, že chcete bojovať až do konca

to try to preserve the nation in a location.

za udržanie vášho národa na jednom mieste.

AT: This is our wish.

AT: To si želáme.

Nobody wants ever to leave their home,

Nikto predsa nechce odísť z domova.

and so it's been a very difficult decision for me.

Pre mňa to bolo veľmi ťažké rozhodnutie.

As a leader, you don't make plans to leave your island, your home,

Keď je človek prezidentom, neplánuje opustiť svoj ostrov, svoj domov.

and so I've been asked on a number of occasions,

Často sa ma ľudia pýtajú:

"So how do you feel?"

„Aký je to pocit?“

And it doesn't feel good at all.

Dosť zlý.

It's an emotional thing, and I've tried to live with it,

Je to emotívne, skúšam s tým žiť.

and I know that on occasions, I'm accused of not trying to solve the problem

Občas ma obviňujú, že sa nesnažím ten problém riešiť,

because I can't solve the problem.

pretože ho vyriešiť nedokážem.

It's something that's got to be done collectively.

Na to treba ísť kolektívne.

Climate change is a global phenomenon, and as I've often argued,

Zmena klímy je globálny jav, a ako často zdôrazňujem –

unfortunately, the countries, when we come to the United Nations --

keď s tým prídeme na OSN, ostatné krajiny, žiaľ…

I was in a meeting with the Pacific Island Forum countries

Bol som na stretnutí Fóra tichomorských ostrovov,

where Australia and New Zealand are also members,

ktorého členmi sú aj Austrália a Nový Zéland,

and we had an argument.

a prišlo k stretu názorov.

There was a bit of a story in the news

Rozmazávalo sa to aj v novinách.

because they were arguing that to cut emissions,

Oni tvrdili, že znížiť emisie,

it would be something that they're unable to do

to pre nich nie je možné,

because it would affect the industries.

lebo by to zasiahlo priemysel.

And so here I was saying,

A ja som vravel:

OK, I hear you,

„Áno, počujem vás,

I understand what you're saying,

chápem, čo hovoríte,

but try also to understand what I'm saying

ale skúste aj vy porozumieť mne,

because if you do not cut your emissions,

lebo ak neznížite svoje emisie,

then our survival is on the line.

tak naše prežitie visí na vlásku.

And so it's a matter for you to weigh this, these moral issues.

Takže je na vás, zvážiť túto morálnu dilemu.

It's about industry as opposed to the survival of a people.

Priemysel verzus prežitie národa.“

CA: You know, I ask you yesterday what made you angry,

CA: Včera som sa vás pýtal, čo vás rozčuľuje,

and you said, "I don't get angry." But then you paused.

a vy ste mi odpovedal „Ja sa nerozčuľujem.“

Ale potom ste zmĺkli. Myslím, že toto vás hnevá.

I think this made you angry.

AT: I'd refer you to my earlier statement at the United Nations.

AT: Odkážem vás k jednému môjmu prehláseniu na OSN.

I was very angry, very frustrated and then depressed.

Bol som veľmi rozhnevaný, frustrovaný a deprimovaný.

There was a sense of futility

Bol tam taký pocit márnosti,

that we are fighting a fight that we have no hope of winning.

že bojujeme za niečo, čo nemáme šancu dosiahnuť.

I had to change my approach.

Musel som zmeniť prístup.

I had to become more reasonable

Zachovať si chladnú hlavu.

because I thought people would listen to somebody who was rational,

Ľudia zrejme viac počujú na racionálne argumenty.

but I remain radically rational, whatever that is.

Tak zostávam radikálne racionálny, nech ide o čokoľvek.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

CA: Now, a core part of your nation's identity is fishing.

CA: Jadrom identity vášho národa je rybolov.

I think you said pretty much everyone is involved in fishing in some way.

Tuším ste vraveli, že prakticky každý je do rybolovu nejako zapojený.

AT: Well, we eat fish every day, every day,

AT: My jeme ryby každý deň

and I think there is no doubt that our rate of consumption of fish

a povedal by som, že konzumácia rýb je u nás asi najvyššia na svete.

is perhaps the highest in the world.

We don't have a lot of livestock,

Nechováme veľa dobytka,

so it's fish that we depend on.

takže sme závislí na rybách.

CA: So you're dependent on fish, both at the local level

CA: Ste závislí na rybách na lokálnej úrovni,

and for the revenues that the country receives

ale aj na príjmoch, ktoré vašej krajine prináša svetový obchod s tuniakom.

from the global fishing business for tuna,

and yet despite that, a few years ago you took a very radical step.

Napriek tomu ste sa pred pár rokmi odhodlali k radikálnemu kroku.

Can you tell us about that?

Porozprávate nám o tom?

I think something happened right here in the Phoenix Islands.

Myslím, že niečo sa stalo práve tu na Phoenixských ostrovoch.

AT: Let me give some of the background of what fish means for us.

AT: Skúsim vám priblížiť, čo pre nás rybolov znamená.

We have one of the largest tuna fisheries remaining in the world.

Máme jednu z najväčších populácií tuniaka, ktoré na svete zostali.

In the Pacific, I think we own something like 60 percent

Myslím, že v rámci Pacifiku nám prislúcha niečo ako 60 %

of the remaining tuna fisheries,

zostávajúcich populácií,

and it remains relatively healthy for some species, but not all.

ktoré sú relatívne zdravé, aspoň pri niektorých druhoch.

And Kiribati is one of the three major resource owners,

A Kiribati je jedným z troch najväčších vlastníkov

tuna resource owners.

tuniakových lovísk.

And at the moment, we have been getting

V súčasnosti 80 až 90 % našich príjmov

something like 80 to 90 percent of our revenue

tvoria poplatky za rybolov.

from access fees, license fees.

CA: Of your national revenue.

CA: Myslíte štátne príjmy.

AT: National revenue,

AT: Štátne príjmy, od ktorých sa odvíja práca vlády,

which drives everything that we do

in governments, hospitals, schools and what have you.

nemocnice, školy a to všetko.

But we decided to close this, and it was a very difficult decision.

Ale rozhodli sme sa s tým skončiť; bolo to veľmi ťažké rozhodnutie.

I can assure you, politically, locally, it was not easy,

To mi verte, politicky, lokálne, to nebolo jednoduché,

but I was convinced that we had to do this

ale bol som presvedčený, že to musíme urobiť,

in order to ensure that the fishery remains sustainable.

aby sme zaistili udržateľnosť rybích populácií.

There had been some indications that some of the species,

Začalo sa ukazovať, že niektoré druhy,

in particular the bigeye, was under serious threat.

hlavne tuniaky z čeľade Priacanthidae, sú vážne ohrozené.

The yellowfin was also heavily fished.

Aj tuniakov žltoplutvých sa lovilo príliš.

Skipjack remains healthy.

Tuniak pruhovaný je na tom dobre.

And so we had to do something like that, and so that was the reason I did that.

Bolo treba zakročiť a ja som zakročil.

Another reason why I did that

Navyše, žiadal som medzinárodné spoločenstvo,

was because I had been asking the international community

that in order to deal with climate change, in order to fight climate change,

aby bojovalo so zmenou klímy,

there has got to be sacrifice, there has got to be commitment.

čo vyžaduje veľké obete a odhodlanosť.

So in asking the international community to make a sacrifice,

Takže ak my žiadame obete od medzinárodného spoločenstva,

I thought we ourselves need to make that sacrifice.

musíme sami niečo obetovať, vravel som si.

And so we made the sacrifice.

A tak sme obetovali.

And forgoing commercial fishing

Stopnutie komerčného rybolovu

in the Phoenix Islands protected area

v Chránenej oblasti Phoenixských ostrovov

would mean a loss of revenue.

prinesie veľkú dieru v príjmoch.

We are still trying to assess what that loss would be

Stále ešte hodnotíme, koľko nás to bude stáť,

because we actually closed it off at the beginning of this year,

lebo loviská sme zavreli len začiatkom tohto roka,

and so we will see by the end of this year

a tak pokles príjmov budeme môcť vyčísliť až koncom roka.

what it means in terms of the lost revenue.

CA: So there's so many things playing into this.

CA: V hre je veľa faktorov.

On the one hand, it may prompt healthier fisheries.

Na jednej strane to ozdraví rybie populácie.

I mean, how much are you able to move the price up

Nakoľko ste schopní zdvihnúť poplatky na ostatných loviskách?

that you charge for the remaining areas?

AT: The negotiations have been very difficult,

AT: Jednania boli veľmi náročné,

but we have managed to raise the cost of a vessel day.

ale podarilo sa nám zdvihnúť poplatok za loď a deň

For any vessel to come in to fish for a day,

we have raised the fee from -- it was $6,000 and $8,000,

z šesť- až osemtisíc dolárov

now to $10,000, $12,000 per vessel day.

na desať- až dvanásťtisíc za loď a deň.

And so there's been that significant increase.

To je dosť významný nárast.

But at the same time, what's important to note is,

Ale zároveň si treba uvedomiť,

whereas in the past these fishing boats

že v minulosti rybárske lode

might be fishing in a day and maybe catch 10 tons,

vylovili takých 10 ton denne

now they're catching maybe 100 tons because they've become so efficient.

a dnes vylovia aj sto ton, lebo veľmi zvýšili svoju efektivitu.

And so we've got to respond likewise.

Takže musíme odpovedať podobne.

We've got to be very, very careful because the technology has so improved.

Musíme byť veľmi opatrní, lebo technológie sa tak posunuli.

There was a time when the Brazilian fleet moved from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Kedysi brazílska flotila chcela preplávať z Atlantiku do Pacifiku.

They couldn't.

To nebolo možné.

They started experimenting if they could, per se.

Začali to skúšať, len tak, ako experiment.

But now they've got ways of doing it, and they've become so efficient.

Dnes majú na to mnoho možností a sú veľmi efektívni.

CA: Can you give us a sense of what it's like in those negotiations?

CA: Priblížte nám, ako to vyzerá na takých jednaniach.

Because you're up against companies

Vy tam čelíte veľkým firmám,

that have hundreds of millions of dollars at stake, essentially.

ktoré majú v stávke stovky miliónov dolárov.

How do you hold the line?

Ako si držíte svoju pozíciu?

Is there any advice you can give

Môžete nejako poradiť ďalším svetovým lídrom,

to other leaders who are dealing with the same companies

ktorí jednajú s rovnakými korporáciami,

about how to get the most for your country,

ako získať čo najviac pre svoju krajinu,

get the most for the fish?

ako získať čo najviac pre ryby?

What advice would you give?

Čo by ste im poradili?

AT: Well, I think we focus too often on licensing

AT: Myslím, že na to, aby sme zvýšili výnosovú mieru

sa príliš sústreďujeme na poplatky za lov.

in order to get the rate of return,

because what we are getting from license fees

To, čo získame na poplatkoch,

is about 10 percent of the landed value of the catch

zodpovedá asi 10 % hodnoty úlovku,

on the side of the wharf, not in the retail shops.

myslím v prístave, nie v maloobchode.

And we only get about 10 percent.

A my z toho máme len 10 %.

What we have been trying to do over the years

O čo sa celé roky usilujeme,

is actually to increase our participation in the industry,

je zvýšiť našu účasť na celom tom priemysle;

in the harvesting, in the processing,

na love, spracovaní a dúfajme aj na obchode.

and eventually, hopefully, the marketing.

They're not easy to penetrate,

Nie je ľahké sa medzi nich dostať,

but we are working towards that,

ale pracujeme na tom.

and yes, the answer would be to enhance.

Čiže odpoveďou je ísť vyššie.

In order to increase our rate of return, we have to become more involved.

Aby sme zvýšili našu výnosovú mieru, musíme sa viac zapojiť.

And so we've started doing that,

S tým sme už začali

and we have to restructure the industry.

a potrebujeme reštrukturovať celý priemysel.

We've got to tell these people that the world has changed.

Musíme tým ľuďom povedať, že svet sa zmenil.

Now we want to produce the fish ourselves.

Teraz chceme produkovať ryby my sami.

CA: And meanwhile, for your local fishermen,

CA: A čo vaši miestni rybári?

they are still able to fish,

Stále môžu loviť, ale ako sa im s ich remeslom darí?

but what is business like for them?

Is it getting harder? Are the waters depleted?

Je to čoraz ťažšie? Sú vody už vylovené?

Or is that being run on a sustainable basis?

Alebo to robia na udržateľnej úrovni?

AT: For the artisanal fishery,

AT: Malí rybári sa nepodieľajú na komerčnom rybolove;

we do not participate in the commercial fishing activity

except only to supply the domestic market.

zásobujú len domáci trh.

The tuna fishery is really entirely for the foreign market,

Náš tuniak je celý na vývoz,

mostly here in the US, Europe, Japan.

hlavne sem do USA, Európy a Japonska.

So I am a fisherman, very much,

Ja veľmi rád rybárčim

and I used to be able to catch yellowfin.

a kedysi som lovil aj žltoplutvé tuniaky.

Now it's very, very rare to be able to catch yellowfin

Dnes takého ulovíte len veľmi vzácne,

because they are being lifted out of the water by the hundreds of tons

lebo ich vyťahujú v sieťach po stovkách ton.

by these purse seiners.

CA: So here's a couple of beautiful girls from your country.

CA: Tu vidíme malé krásavice z vašej krajiny.

I mean, as you think about their future,

Keď myslíte na ich budúcnosť,

what message would you have for them

čo by ste im odkázali?

and what message would you have for the world?

A čo by ste odkázali svetu?

AT: Well, I've been telling the world that we really have to do something

AT: Už nejakú dobu hovorím svetu, že naozaj treba konať

about what is happening to the climate

a zmierniť klimatickú zmenu;

because for us, it's about the future of these children.

pre nás je to o budúcnosti týchto detí.

I have 12 grandchildren, at least.

Ja mám prinajmenšom 12 vnúčat.

I think I have 12, my wife knows.

Myslím, že 12, manželka by vám povedala.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

And I think I have eight children.

A mysím, že detí mám osem.

It's about their future.

Je to o ich budúcnosti.

Every day I see my grandchildren, about the same age as these young girls,

každý deň vidím svoje vnúčatá – sú asi vo veku týchto dievčat –

and I do wonder,

a mám v hlave otázky

and I get angry sometimes, yes I do.

a niekedy sa aj nahnevám, naozaj.

I wonder what is to become of them.

Pýtam sa, čo s nimi bude?

And so it's about them

Je to o nich

that we should be telling everybody,

a každému by sme mali hovoriť,

that it's not about their own national interest,

že to nie je o niečích štátnych záujmoch,

because climate change, regrettably, unfortunately,

lebo klimatická zmena je, žiaľ,

is viewed by many countries as a national problem. It's not.

mnohými štátmi vnímaná ako ich problém. To ale nie je.

And this is the argument we got into recently with our partners,

Kvôli tomu sme sa nedávno dostali do sporu s našimi partnermi

the Australians and New Zealanders,

z Austrálie a Nového Zélandu,

because they said, "We can't cut any more."

lebo oni tvrdili: „Viac už znižovať nemôžeme.“

This is what one of the leaders, the Australian leader, said,

Austrálsky predstaviteľ povedal:

that we've done our part, we are cutting back.

„My sme si svoje splnili, znížili sme emisie.“

I said, What about the rest? Why don't you keep it?

A ja na to: „Ale čo ten zvyšok? Prečo si ho nenecháte?

If you could keep the rest of your emissions

Ak by ste si nechali zvyšok emisií za vašimi hranicami,

within your boundaries, within your borders,

we'd have no question.

nemali by sme žiadne pripomienky.

You can go ahead as much as you like.

Vypúšťajte si, koľko sa vám zapáči.

But unfortunately, you're sending it our way,

Ale bohužiaľ, vy to posielate naším smerom

and it's affecting the future of our children.

a ovplyvňujete budúcnosť našich detí.

And so surely I think that is the heart of the problem of climate change today.

Toto je podľa mňa jadro problému s klimatickou zmenou.

We will be meeting in Paris at the end of this year,

Koncom roka sa stretneme v Paríži,

but until we can think of this as a global phenomenon,

ale kým to nebudeme brať ako globálny jav,

because we create it, individually, as nations,

ktorý sme individuálne, ako štáty, zapríčinili,

but it affects everybody else,

ktorý však ovplyvňuje celý svet,

and yet, we refuse to do anything about it,

a napriek tomu ho odmietame riešiť

and we deal with it as a national problem,

a vnímame ho ako svoj národný problém,

which it is not -- it is a global issue,

ktorým nie je – je to celosvetový problém

and it's got to be dealt with collectively.

a treba ho riešiť kolektívne.

CA: People are incredibly bad at responding to graphs and numbers,

CA: Ľudská myseľ veľmi slabo reaguje na grafy a čísla,

and we shut our minds to it.

zatvárame pred nimi oči.

Somehow, to people, we're slightly better at responding to that sometimes.

Z nejakého dôvodu o trochu lepšie reagujeme na ľudí.

And it seems like it's very possible that your nation,

A je možné, že váš národ,

despite, actually because of the intense problems you face,

napriek – alebo kvôli – veľkým problémom, ktorým čelíte,

you may yet be the warning light to the world that shines most visibly,

predstavuje výstražný maják, ktorý najsilnejšie svieti a svet ho vidí.

most powerfully.

I just want to thank you, I'm sure, on behalf of all of us,

Chcem vám poďakovať, určite v mene nás všetkých,

for your extraordinary leadership and for being here.

za vašu jedinečnú misiu a za to, že ste dnes medzi nami.

Mr. President, thank you so much.

Pán prezident, veľká vďaka.

AT: Thank you.

AT: Ďakujem.

(Applause)

(potlesk)