Cheryl Hayashi: The magnificence of spider silk

Traducător: Maricica Cotu Corector: Antoniu Gugu

I'm here to spread the word about the

Ma aflu aici sa va dezvalui

magnificence of spiders

maretia paianjenilor

and how much we can learn from them.

si despre cat de multe lucuri putem invata de la acestia.

Spiders are truly global citizens.

Paianjenii sunt cu adevarat cetateni ai intregului glob.

You can find spiders in nearly

Putem descoperi paianjeni in aproape

every terrestrial habitat.

orice habitat terestru.

This red dot marks

Punctele acestea rosii marcheaza

the Great Basin of North America,

Marele Bazin al Americii de Nord,

and I'm involved with an alpine biodiversity

si sunt implicata acolo intr-un proiect despre biodiversitatea alpina

project there with some collaborators.

impreuna cu alti colaboratori.

Here's one of our field sites,

Iata unul dintre siturile noastre

and just to give you a sense of perspective,

asta numai ca sa va dau o idee,

this little blue smudge here,

pata asta mica si albastra,

that's one of my collaborators.

reprezinta unul dintre colaboratorii mei.

This is a rugged and barren landscape,

Acesta este un tinut aspru si steril,

yet there are quite a few spiders here.

cu toate astea, cativa paianjeni tot se gasesc.

Turning rocks over revealed this crab spider

Cautand sub stanci am gasit acest paianjen-crab

grappling with a beetle.

luandu-se la tranta cu un gandac.

Spiders are not just everywhere,

Paianjenii nu numai ca exista pretutindeni,

but they're extremely diverse.

dar sunt si extrem de diversi.

There are over 40,000 described species

Exista peste 40.000 de specii de paianjeni

of spiders.

atestate.

To put that number into perspective,

Pentru a privi acest număr dintr-o altă perspectivă

here's a graph comparing the 40,000

iata un grafic care compara cele 40.000

species of spiders

de specii de paianjeni

to the 400 species of primates.

cu cele 400 de specii de primate.

There are two orders of magnitude more

Sunt de o suta de ori mai multe specii

spiders than primates.

de paianjeni decat de primate.

Spiders are also extremely old.

Paianjenii sunt de asemenea foarte vechi.

On the bottom here,

La baza aici,

this is the geologic timescale,

avem scala erelor geologice,

and the numbers on it indicate millions

iar numerele de deasupra indica milioanele

of years from the present, so the zero here,

de ani plecand din prezent spre trecut, prin urmare acest zero

that would be today.

reprezinta ziua de azi.

So what this figure shows is that spiders

Deci, ceea ce acest tabel vrea sa arate este ca paianjenii

date back to almost 380 million years.

dateaza de aproape 380 de milioane de ani.

To put that into perspective, this red

Ca sa avem o imagine mai clara,

vertical bar here marks the divergence time

aceasta bara verticala de aici arata evolutia

of humans from chimpanzees,

oamenilor plecand de la cimpanzei,

a mere seven million years ago.

abia acum sapte milioane de ani.

All spiders make silk

Toti paianjenii produc matase

at some point in their life.

de-a lungul vietii lor.

Most spiders use copious amounts of silk,

Cei mai multi dintre paianjeni utilizeaza o mare cantitate de matase,

and silk is essential to their survival

iar matasea este esentiala pentru supravietuirea acestora

and reproduction.

si pentru reproducere.

Even fossil spiders can make silk,

Pana si un paianjen fosila putea produce matase,

as we can see from this impression of

dupa cum se vede din amprenta

a spinneret on this fossil spider.

organelor filiere acestui paianjen fosila.

So this means that both spiders

Deci asta inseamna ca atat paianjenii

and spider silk have been around

cat si matasea lor exista

for 380 million years.

de 380 de milioane de ani incoace.

It doesn't take long from working with spiders

Nu e nevoie sa lucrezi mult timp cu paianjenii

to start noticing how essential silk is

ca sa realizezi cat de esential este firul de matase

to just about every aspect of their life.

in aproape fiecare dintre aspectele vietii lor.

Spiders use silk for many purposes, including

Paianjenii utilizeaza firul in multe scopuri, acestea incluzand

the trailing safety dragline,

firul de deplasare - ca și coardă de siguranță,

wrapping eggs for reproduction,

impachetarea coconilor pentru reproducere,

protective retreats

costructia refugiilor de protectie

and catching prey.

si prinderea prazii.

There are many kinds of spider silk.

Exista multe tipuri de matase de paianjen.

For example, this garden spider can make

De exemplu, acest paianjen de gradina poate sa produca

seven different kinds of silks.

sapte tipuri de matase diferite.

When you look at this orb web, you're actually

Cand va uitati la aceasta panza de paianjen circulara, de fapt

seeing many types of silk fibers.

vedeti mai multe tipuri de fibre de matase.

The frame and radii of this web

Scheletul si razele panzei de paianjen

is made up of one type of silk,

sunt realizate dintr-un anumit tip de matase,

while the capture spiral is a composite

pe cand spiralele sunt realizate dintr-o compozitie

of two different silks:

a doua tipuri diferite de matase:

the filament and the sticky droplet.

filamentul si un mic strop de lipici.

How does an individual spider

Cum poate un singur paianjen

make so many kinds of silk?

sa produca atat de multe tipuri de matase?

To answer that, you have to look a lot closer

Ca sa putem raspunde, trebuie sa privim mult mai indeaproape

at the spinneret region of a spider.

la regiunea organelor filiere a paianjenului.

So silk comes out of the spinnerets, and for

Prin urmare, matasea iese din organul filier

those of us spider silk biologists, this is what

si pentru noi biologii, acesta este

we call the "business end" of the spider. (Laughter)

ceea ce noi numim partea dorsala a paianjenului. (Rasete)

We spend long days ...

Asteptam zile intregi...

Hey! Don't laugh. That's my life.

Hei! Nu radeti! Asta mi-e viata.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

We spend long days and nights

Stam zile si nopti intregi

staring at this part of the spider.

uitandu-ne la partea dorsala a paianjenului.

And this is what we see.

Si asta e ceea ce vedem.

You can see multiple fibers

Putem vedea fibre multiple

coming out of the spinnerets, because

iesind din oganul filiere, pentru ca

each spinneret has many spigots on it.

fiecare organ filier contine mai mule supape .

Each of these silk fibers exits from the spigot,

Fiecare dintre aceste fibre de matase ies prin supape,

and if you were to trace the fiber back

si daca ar fi sa mergeti pe urma firului inauntru

into the spider, what you would find is that

in corpul paianjenului, veti observa ca

each spigot connects to its own individual

fiecare supapa este conectata la propria sa glanda

silk gland. A silk gland kind of looks like a sac

Glanda arata ca un saculet

with a lot of silk proteins stuck inside.

plin cu proteine indesate inauntru.

So if you ever have the opportunity to dissect

Deci, daca veti avea vreodata posibilitatea sa disecati

an orb-web-weaving spider,

un paianjen tesator de panza sferica

and I hope you do,

si sper ca veti avea posibilitatea,

what you would find is a bounty

ceea ce veti gasi inauntru, in mod recompensator, sunt glandele

of beautiful, translucent silk glands.

de matase frumoase si translucide.

Inside each spider, there are hundreds

In fiecare paianjen, exista sute

of silk glands, sometimes thousands.

de glande de matase, uneori mii.

These can be grouped into seven categories.

Acestea pot fi grupate in sapte categorii.

They differ by size, shape,

Ele se deosebesc prin marime, forma

and sometimes even color.

si uneori chiar culoare.

In an orb-web-weaving spider,

Intr-un paianjen de panza circulara,

you can find seven types of silk glands,

putem gasi sapte tipuri de glande de matase

and what I have depicted here in this picture,

si este ceea ce vreau sa va arat in aceasta imagine,

let's start at the one o'clock position,

sa incepem cu pozitia 1,

there's tubuliform silk glands, which are used

gasim aici matasea gladulei tubiliformes care sintetizeaza matasea

to make the outer silk of an egg sac.

pentru fabricarea matasii exterioare a coconilor pentru oua.

There's the aggregate and flagelliform silk

Exista matasea gladulei aggregata si matasea glandulei flageliform

glands which combine to make the sticky

care se combina in scopul de a aplica

capture spiral of an orb web.

prin lipire spiralele pe scheletul panzei.

Pyriform silk glands make the attachment

Matasea glandulei pyriformes sintetizeaza fire pentru fixarea

cement -- that's the silk that's used to adhere

panzei- aceasta e matasea care e utilizata pentru aderarea

silk lines to a substrate.

firelor de matase la o reactie chimica.

There's also aciniform silk,

Gasim, de asemenea, gladula matasei aciniformes

which is used to wrap prey.

care este utilizata pentru a infasura prada.

Minor ampullate silk is used in web construction.

Matasea ampulei minore este folosita in contructia panzei.

And the most studied silk line

Dar cel mai studiat fir de matase

of them all: major ampullate silk.

dintre toate este ampula majora de matase

This is the silk that's used to make the frame

Aceasta reprezinta matasea din care e realizat scheletul

and radii of an orb web, and also

si radiile unei panze circulare, si de asemenea

the safety trailing dragline.

firul de deplasare.

But what, exactly, is spider silk?

Dar ce anume inseamna matasea paianjenului?

Spider silk is almost entirely protein.

Matasea paianjenului este proteina aproape in intregime.

Nearly all of these proteins can be explained

Aproape toate aceste proteine pot fi explicate

by a single gene family,

printr-o singura gena familiala,

so this means that the diversity of silk types

deci asta inseamna ca diversitatea tipurilor de matase

we see today is encoded by one gene family,

pe care o observam azi este criptata intr-o singura gena familiala

so presumably the original spider ancestor

deci in mod prezumtiv, paianjenul ancestral

made one kind of silk,

producea un singur tip de matase

and over the last 380 million years,

si de-a lungul a peste 380 de milioane de ani

that one silk gene has duplicated

aceasta unica gena de matase s-a divizat,

and then diverged, specialized,

apoi a creat divergente, apoi s-a specializat,

over and over and over again, to get

iarasi si iarasi si iarasi pana a ajuns

the large variety of flavors of spider silks

la aceasta varietate a matasei de paianjen

that we have today.

pe care o observam azi.

There are several features that all these silks

Exista o serie de trasaturi pe care aceste tipuri de matase

have in common. They all have a common

le au in comun. Toate au un aspect

design, such as they're all very long --

comun, in sensul ca toate sunt foarte lungi-

they're sort of outlandishly long

adica sunt neobisnuit de lungi

compared to other proteins.

in comparatie cu alte proteine.

They're very repetitive, and they're very rich

Sunt foarte repetitive si foarte bogate

in the amino acids glycine and alanine.

in aminoacizi, glicine si alanine.

To give you an idea of what

Ca sa va dau o idee despre

a spider silk protein looks like,

cum arata proteina din matasea paianjenului,

this is a dragline silk protein,

acesta este un fir de deplasare

it's just a portion of it,

si e doar o bucatica preluata

from the black widow spider.

de la o vaduva neagra.

This is the kind of sequence that I love

Asta este genul de secventa la care-mi place

looking at day and night. (Laughter)

sa ma uit zi si noapte. (Rasete)

So what you're seeing here is the one letter

Deci ceea ce vedeti aici este

abbreviation for amino acids, and I've colored

o abreviere pentru aminoacizi si am colorat

in the glycines with green,

glicinele in verde,

and the alanines in red, and so

si alaninele in rosu, astfel

you can see it's just a lot of G's and A's.

puteti vedea ca exista o multime de G-uri si A-uri

You can also see that there's a lot of short

Puteti de-asemenea sa observati ca exista

sequence motifs that repeat over and over

si secvente mai scurte care se repeta mereu

and over again, so for example there's a lot of

de exemplu exista o multime de

what we call polyalanines, or iterated A's,

ceea ce noi numim poli alanine, sau notate cu

AAAAA. There's GGQ. There's GGY.

AAAAA. Exista GGQ. Exista GGY.

You can think of these short motifs

Luati aminte la aceste modele

that repeat over and over again as words,

care se repeta iar si iar ca si cuvinte,

and these words occur in sentences.

iar aceste cuvinte apar in propozitii.

So for example this would be one sentence,

De exemplu, aceasta ar putea fi considerata o propozitie

and you would get this sort of green region

si atunci vom avea acest tip de zona verde

and the red polyalanine, that repeats

iar polianinele rosii, care se repeta

over and over and over again,

iar si iar si iar din nou.

and you can have that hundreds and

apoi putem avea acest lucru de sute si

hundreds and hundreds of times within

sute si sute de ori in interiorul

an individual silk molecule.

unei singure molecule de matase.

Silks made by the same spider can have

Matasea produsa de acelasi paianjen poate avea

dramatically different repeat sequences.

in mod remarcabil, diferite secvente repetitive.

At the top of the screen, you're seeing

In partea de sus a ecranului, puteti vedea

the repeat unit from the dragline silk

unitatea repetitiva a firului de matase pentru deplasare

of a garden argiope spider.

a unui paianjen de gradina.

It's short. And on the bottom,

E scurt. Iar in partea de jos

this is the repeat sequence for the

aceasta reprezinta secventa repetitiva pentru

egg case, or tubuliform silk protein,

matasea folosita in fabricarea coconilor pentru oua

for the exact same spider. And you can see

a aceluiasi paianjen. Si atunci puteti observa

how dramatically different

cat de diferite sunt

these silk proteins are -- so this is

aceste proteine de matase - deci asta reprezinta

sort of the beauty of the diversification

un fel de frumusete a diversitatii

of the spider silk gene family.

familiei genelor de matase a paianjenilor.

You can see that the repeat units differ

Puteti observa ca unitatile repetitive difera

in length. They also differ in sequence.

ca lungime. Ele difera si ca secvente.

So I've colored in the glycines again

Deci am colorat glicinele din nou

in green, alanine in red, and the serines,

in verde, alaninele in rosu, iar sericinele,

the letter S, in purple. And you can see

litera S, in mov. Puteti observa ca

that the top repeat unit can be explained

unitatea repetitiva din partea de sus poate fi explicata

almost entirely by green and red,

aproape in intregime prin verde si rosu,

and the bottom repeat unit has

iar unitatea repetitiva din partea de jos are

a substantial amount of purple.

o substantiala cantitate de mov.

What silk biologists do is we try to relate

Ceea noi biologii matasii facem este ca incercam

these sequences, these amino acid

sa asociem aceste secvente

sequences, to the mechanical properties

de aminoacizi cu proprietatile mecanice

of the silk fibers.

ale fibrelor de matase.

Now, it's really convenient that spiders use their silk

Deci este foarte convenabil ca paianjenii isi utilizeaza matasea

completely outside their body.

complet in afara corpului.

This makes testing spider silk really, really

Acest lucru face ca testarea matasii paianjenului sa fie

easy to do in the laboratory, because

foarte usor de realizat in laborator, pentru ca

we're actually, you know, testing it in air

de fapt, stiti, noi o testam in aer

that's exactly the environment that

care este exact mediul in care

spiders are using their silk proteins.

paianjenii isi utilizeaza proteinele matasei.

So this makes quantifying silk properties by

Așadar așa se pot cuantifica proprietățile mătăsii

methods such as tensile testing, which is

prin metode precum testarea elasticitatii, care inseamna

basically, you know, tugging on one end

de fapt, dupa cum stiti, tragerea firului de la unul dintre capete,

of the fiber, very amenable.

extrem de maleabilă.

Here are stress-strain curves

Aici avem graficul curbelor de efort

generated by tensile testing

generate de testarea elasticitatii

five fibers made by the same spider.

a cinci fibre produse de acelasi paianjen.

So what you can see here is that

Deci ceea ce puteti vedea aici este ca

the five fibers have different behaviors.

aceste 5 fibre se comporta diferit.

Specifically, if you look on the vertical axis,

Mai ales, daca va uitati pe axa verticala,

that's stress. If you look at the maximum

legata de efort. Daca va uitati la valoarea

stress value for each of these fibers,

maxima a efortului pentru fiecare dintre aceste fibre,

you can see that there's a lot of variation,

veti observa ca exista multe oscilatii,

and in fact dragline, or major ampullate silk,

ca de fapt firul de deplasare, ori firul de matase principal,

is the strongest of these fibers.

este cel mai puternic dintre toate aceste fibre.

We think that's because the dragline silk,

Cosideram acest lucru fiindca firul de deplasare

which is used to make the frame and radii

care este utilizat pentru a construi scheletul si radiile

for a web, needs to be very strong.

unei panze, trebuie sa fie foarte puternic.

On the other hand, if you were to look at

Pe de alta parte, daca e sa ne uitam la

strain -- this is how much a fiber can be

capacitatea de intindere,

extended -- if you look at the maximum value

daca ne uitam la valoarea maxima

here, again, there's a lot of variation

de aici, din noi, gasim multe oscilatii

and the clear winner is flagelliform,

iar pe deplin castigator este gladula flageliform

or the capture spiral filament.

sau captura filamentului spiralei.

In fact, this flagelliform fiber can

De fapt, fibra flageliforma poate

actually stretch over twice its original length.

sa se intinda de fapt de doua ori decat lungimea sa originala

So silk fibers vary in their strength

Deci fibrele de matase variaza in functie de taria

and also their extensibility.

dar si de extensibilitatea lor.

In the case of the capture spiral,

In cazul captarii spiralei

it needs to be so stretchy to absorb

trebuie sa fie elastica pentru a absorbi

the impact of flying prey.

impactul cu prada zburatoare.

If it wasn't able to stretch so much, then

Daca nu ar fi capabila sa se intinda atat de mult, atunci

basically when an insect hit the web,

de fapt, cand o insecta se izbeste de panza

it would just trampoline right off of it.

aceasta ar proiecta-o imediat inapoi.

So if the web was made entirely out of

Deci, daca panza ar fi facuta in intregime din

dragline silk, an insect is very likely to just

din fire pentru deplasare, ar fi foarte probabil ca o insecta

bounce right off. But by having really, really

sa ricoseze de pe ea. Dar avand matase foarte, foarte elastica

stretchy capture spiral silk, the web is actually

pentru captura spiralei, panza este de fapt

able to absorb the impact

capabila sa absoarba impactul

of that intercepted prey.

prazii interceptate.

There's quite a bit of variation within

Exista o anumita variatie in ceea ce priveste

the fibers that an individual spider can make.

fibrele pe care un paianjen e in stare sa le produca.

We call that the tool kit of a spider.

Noi numim asta trusa de unelte a paianjenului.

That's what the spider has

Asta este ceea ce paianjenul detine

to interact with their environment.

pentru a interactiona cu mediul sau.

But how about variation among spider

Ce-ar fi sa vorbim despre variatia dintre speciile

species, so looking at one type of silk

de paianjen, adica analizand un anumit timp de matase,

and looking at different species of spiders?

de la diferite specii de paianjeni?

This is an area that's largely unexplored

Aceasta este o zona care e inca neexplorata

but here's a little bit of data I can show you.

dar exista cateva informatii pe care vi le pot arata.

This is the comparison of the toughness

Aceasta este o comparare a rezistentei

of the dragline spilk spun

firului de deplasare obtinut

by 21 species of spiders.

de la 21 de specii de paianjeni.

Some of them are orb-weaving spiders and

Unii dintre ei isi tes panza circular

some of them are non-orb-weaving spiders.

iar altii isi tes panza haotic.

It's been hypothesized that

Există unele ipoteze cum că

orb-weaving spiders, like this argiope here,

paianjenii tesatori de panza circulara, precum cei din specia Argiope de aici,

should have the toughest dragline silks

ar trebui sa aiba cel mai puternic fir de deplasare

because they must intercept flying prey.

pentru ca ei trebuie sa intercepteze prada zburatoare.

What you see here on this toughness graph

Ceea ce vedeti in acest grafic al rezistentei

is the higher the black dot is on the graph,

este aceea ca cu cat punctul negru este mai sus,

the higher the toughness.

cu atat rezistenta este mai mare.

The 21 species are indicated here by this

Cele 21 de specii sunt indicate aici de catre

phylogeny, this evolutionary tree, that shows

filogenie, acest copac evolutionist, care arata

their genetic relationships, and I've colored

relatiile lor genetice, si am colorat

in yellow the orb-web-weaving spiders.

in galben paianjenii cu panza circulara.

If you look right here at the two red arrows,

Daca aruncati o privire aici la cele doua sageti rosii,

they point to the toughness values

ele arata valorile rezistentei

for the draglines of nephila clavipes and

pentru firul de deplasare al paianjenului auriu

araneus diadematus.

si al paianjenului european de gradina.

These are the two species of spiders

Acestea sunt cele doua specii de paianjen

for which the vast majority of time and money

in care se investesc timp si bani,

on synthetic spider silk research has been

investitii in cercetarea matasii sintetice

to replicate their dragline silk proteins.

si in copierea proteinelor firului de deplasare.

Yet, their draglines are not the toughest.

Totusi, firul lor de deplasare nu este cel mai rezistent.

In fact, the toughest dragline in this survey

De fapt, cel mai rezistent fir de deplasare din acest studiu

is this one right here in this white region,

este acesta de aici din aceasta regiune alba,

a non orb-web-weaving spider.

a unui paiajen tesator de panza haotica.

This is the dragline spun by scytodes,

Acesta este firul de deplasare produs de cei din familia Scytodidelor,

the spitting spider.

al păianjenului scuipător.

Scytodes doesn't use a web at all

Scytodidele nu utilizeaza deloc panza

to catch prey. Instead, scytodes

ca sa prinda prada. In schimb, Scytodidele

sort of lurks around and waits for prey

mai degraba pandesc inprejurimile asteptand ca prada

to get close to it, and then immobilizes prey

sa fie suficient de aproape, si apoi o imobilizeaza

by spraying a silk-like venom onto that insect.

prin pulverizarea unei matase veninoase deasupra insectei.

Think of hunting with silly string.

Ganditi-va ca vanati cu o funie neindemanatica.

That's how scytodes forages.

In acest mod se hranesc scytodidele.

We don't really know why scytodes

Realmente nu stim de ce scytodidele

needs such a tough dragline,

au nevoie de un astfel de fir de deplasare

but it's unexpected results like this that make

dar tocmai aceste rezultate neasteptate ca acestea fac

bio-prospecting so exciting and worthwhile.

fac bioprospectarea atat de interesanta si merituoasa.

It frees us from the constraints

Ne elibereaza de sub constrangerile

of our imagination.

imaginatiei noastre.

Now I'm going to mark on

Acum voi puncta asupra

the toughness values for nylon fiber,

valorilor rezistentei fibrei de nailon,

bombyx -- or domesticated silkworm silk --

matasea Bombyx - sau viermii domestici de matase -

wool, Kevlar, and carbon fibers.

fibra sintetica Kevlar, si fibrele de carbon.

And what you can see is that nearly

Si ceea ce puteti observa este ca aproape

all the spider draglines surpass them.

toate firele de deplasare ale paianjenilor le depaseste in valoare.

It's the combination of strength, extensibility

Tocmai combinatia dintre putere, elasticitate

and toughness that makes spider silk so

si rezistenta face ca matasea paianjenilor sa fie

special, and that has attracted the attention

atat de speciala, si asta e ceee ce atrage atentia

of biomimeticists, so people that turn

biomimeticilor, oamenilor care analizeaza

to nature to try to find new solutions.

natura pentru a incerca sa gaseasca noi solutii.

And the strength, extensibility and toughness

Iar puterea, elasticitatea si rezistenta

of spider silks combined with the fact that

matasii de paianjen combinata cu faptul ca

silks do not elicit an immune response,

matasea nu obtine un raspuns imun.

have attracted a lot of interest in the use

atrage un mare interes in utilizarea

of spider silks in biomedical applications,

matasii paianjenilor in aplicatiile biomedicale

for example, as a component of

de exemplu, ca si component

artificial tendons, for serving as

al tendoanelor artificiale, pentu a servi

guides to regrow nerves, and for

ca indiciu in refacerea nervurilor

scaffolds for tissue growth.

si pentru schele in cresterea de tesut.

Spider silks also have a lot of potential

Matasea paianjenilor dispune de mult potential

for their anti-ballistic capabilities.

in capacitatile ei anti-balistice.

Silks could be incorporated into body

Matasea poate fi incorporata in corpul

and equipment armor that would be more

si echipamentul armurilor, pe care le-ar face mult

lightweight and flexible

mai usoare si mai flexibile

than any armor available today.

decat orice alta armura existenta in zilele noastre.

In addition to these biomimetic

Pe langa aceste aplicatii biomimetice

applications of spider silks,

ale mătăsii de păianjen,

personally, I find studying spider silks

personal, găsesc studierea mătăsii păianjenilor

just fascinating in and of itself.

fascinanta prin ea insasi.

I love when I'm in the laboratory,

Imi place cand in laborator fiind,

a new spider silk sequence comes in.

o noua secventa de matase de paianjen soseste.

That's just the best. (Laughter)

Asta e cel mai grozav lucru. (Rasete)

It's like the spiders are sharing

E ca si cum paianjenii imi destainuie

an ancient secret with me, and that's why

un secret ancestral, si de aceea

I'm going to spend the rest of my life

imi voi dedica restul vietii

studying spider silk.

in studiul matasii de paianjen

The next time you see a spider web,

Data viitoare cand veti observa o panza de paianjen,

please, pause and look a little closer.

va rog sa faceti o pauza si sa va uitati mai indeaproape.

You'll be seeing one of the most

Veti vedea una dintre

high-performance materials known to man.

cele mai performante materiale cunoscute omului.

To borrow from the writings

In acord cu scrierile

of a spider named Charlotte,

unui paianjen numit Charlotte,

silk is terrific.

matasea este nemaipomenita.

Thank you. (Applause)

Multumesc (Aplauze)

(Applause)

(Aplauze)