How frustration can make us more creative | Tim Harford

318,571 views ・ 2016-02-02

TED


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Translator: Aznah Arshad Reviewer: Amy K
00:12
Late in January 1975,
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Hujung Januari tahun 1975,
00:15
a 17-year-old German girl called Vera Brandes
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seorang gadis Jerman berusia 17 tahun bernama Vera Brandes
00:19
walked out onto the stage of the Cologne Opera House.
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naik ke pentas di Dewan Opera Cologne.
00:24
The auditorium was empty.
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Auditorium itu kosong.
00:27
It was lit only by the dim, green glow of the emergency exit sign.
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Ia hanya disinari lampu gelap tanda keluar kecemasan yang malap.
00:32
This was the most exciting day of Vera's life.
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Inilah hari yang paling mengujakan dalam hidup Vera.
00:36
She was the youngest concert promoter in Germany,
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Dia merupakan promoter konsert termuda di Jerman,
00:39
and she had persuaded the Cologne Opera House
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dan dia telah memujuk Dewan Opera Cologne
00:41
to host a late-night concert of jazz
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untuk anjur konsert jazz lewat malam
00:45
from the American musician, Keith Jarrett.
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daripada ahli muzik Amerika, Keith Jarrett.
00:48
1,400 people were coming.
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1,400 orang akan datang.
00:51
And in just a few hours,
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Hanya beberapa jam lagi,
00:53
Jarrett would walk out on the same stage,
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Jarett akan naik pentas yang sama,
00:55
he'd sit down at the piano
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dia duduk di piano
00:57
and without rehearsal or sheet music,
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dan tanpa latihan atau nota muzik,
01:01
he would begin to play.
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dia akan mula bermain.
01:04
But right now,
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Namun ketika ini,
01:05
Vera was introducing Keith to the piano in question,
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Vera perkenalkan Keith kepada piano yang dipersoalkan,
01:09
and it wasn't going well.
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dan ia tidak lancar.
01:11
Jarrett looked to the instrument a little warily,
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Jarrett lihat instrumen dengan berhati-hati,
01:13
played a few notes,
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bermain beberapa nada,
01:15
walked around it,
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berjalan sekelilingnya,
01:16
played a few more notes,
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bermain beberapa nada lagi,
01:18
muttered something to his producer.
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berbisik kepada penerbitnya.
01:19
Then the producer came over to Vera and said ...
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Kemudian penerbit datang kepada Vera dan cakap...
01:24
"If you don't get a new piano, Keith can't play."
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"Jika awak tak dapatkan piano baru, Keith tak boleh main."
01:30
There'd been a mistake.
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Ada berlaku kesilapan.
01:31
The opera house had provided the wrong instrument.
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Dewan opera telah sediakan instrumen yang salah.
01:33
This one had this harsh, tinny upper register,
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Piano ini berlaras nada tinggi, kasar dan gemercing,
01:36
because all the felt had worn away.
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kerana kain feltnya sudah lusuh.
01:39
The black notes were sticking,
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Nada hitamnya melekat,
01:42
the white notes were out of tune,
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nada putihnya sumbang,
01:44
the pedals didn't work
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pedalnya tak berfungsi
01:46
and the piano itself was just too small.
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dan piano itu pun terlalu kecil
01:48
It wouldn't create the volume
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Ia takkan dapat hasilkan bunyi
01:50
that would fill a large space such as the Cologne Opera House.
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yang memenuhi ruang besar seperti Dewan Opera Cologne.
01:54
So Keith Jarrett left.
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Lalu Keith Jarrett pergi.
01:58
He went and sat outside in his car,
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Dia keluar dan duduk di dalam kereta,
02:01
leaving Vera Brandes
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tinggalkan Vera Brandes
02:03
to get on the phone to try to find a replacement piano.
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untuk dapatkan telefon dan cari piano ganti.
02:07
Now she got a piano tuner,
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Dia berjaya dapatkan penala piano,
02:09
but she couldn't get a new piano.
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tetapi gagal dapatkan piano baru.
02:12
And so she went outside
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Jadi dia keluar
02:14
and she stood there in the rain,
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dan berdiri dalam hujan,
02:17
talking to Keith Jarrett,
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beritahu Keith Jarrett,
02:20
begging him not to cancel the concert.
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merayu jangan batalkan konsert.
02:24
And he looked out of his car
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Dia melihat di luar keretanya
02:25
at this bedraggled, rain-drenched German teenager,
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melihat remaja Jerman yang kusut dan kuyup,
02:30
took pity on her,
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kasihan melihatnya,
02:32
and said,
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dan cakap,
02:33
"Never forget ... only for you."
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"Jangan lupa...hanya untuk awak."
02:39
And so a few hours later,
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Lalu beberapa jam kemudian,
02:40
Jarrett did indeed step out onto the stage of the opera house,
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Jarrett benar-benar keluar naik pentas dewan opera,
02:45
he sat down at the unplayable piano
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dia duduk di piano yang tidak boleh dimainkan
02:49
and began.
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dan mula.
02:51
(Music)
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(Muzik)
03:04
Within moments it became clear that something magical was happening.
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Sebentar kemudian jelas kedengaran sesuatu yang ajaib berlaku.
03:10
Jarrett was avoiding those upper registers,
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Jarrett mengelak nada tinggi,
03:12
he was sticking to the middle tones of the keyboard,
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dia kekal bermain nada tengah pada kekunci,
03:15
which gave the piece a soothing, ambient quality.
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yang memberikan irama menyenangkan dan persekitaran berkualiti.
03:19
But also, because the piano was so quiet,
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Serta disebabkan bunyi piano sangat perlahan
03:22
he had to set up these rumbling, repetitive riffs in the bass.
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dia perlu tetapkan sela berulang dan berkeroncong pada bes
03:26
And he stood up twisting, pounding down on the keys,
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Dia berdiri memusing, menekan kekunci nada,
03:32
desperately trying to create enough volume to reach the people in the back row.
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berusaha keras hasil bunyi cukup kuat untuk hadirin barisan belakang dengar.
03:37
It's an electrifying performance.
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Ia adalah persembahan yang menggemparkan.
03:39
It somehow has this peaceful quality,
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Ia mempunyai kualiti yang tenang,
03:42
and at the same time it's full of energy,
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tetapi pada masa yang sama penuh bertenaga,
03:44
it's dynamic.
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ia dinamik.
03:47
And the audience loved it.
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Hadirin menyukainya.
03:49
Audiences continue to love it
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Hadirin terus menyukainya
03:51
because the recording of the Köln Concert
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kerana rakaman Konsert Köln
03:54
is the best-selling piano album in history
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merupakan album piano terlaris dijual dalam sejarah
03:56
and the best-selling solo jazz album in history.
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dan album solo jazz terlaris dijual dalam sejarah
04:02
Keith Jarrett had been handed a mess.
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Keith Jarrett telah diberikan sesuatu yang kucar kacir.
04:06
He had embraced that mess, and it soared.
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Dia hadapi kucar kacir, dan ia memuncak.
04:12
But let's think for a moment about Jarrett's initial instinct.
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Ayuh fikir seketika tentang naluri awal Jarrett.
04:17
He didn't want to play.
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Dia tidak mahu bermain.
04:18
Of course,
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Tentulah,
04:20
I think any of us, in any remotely similar situation,
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saya fikir kita pun, dalam situasi yang hampir sama,
04:23
would feel the same way, we'd have the same instinct.
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akan berperasaan yang sama, kita ada naluri yang sama.
04:25
We don't want to be asked to do good work with bad tools.
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Kita tidak mahu diminta buat kerja yang baik dengan alat rosak.
04:29
We don't want to have to overcome unnecessary hurdles.
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Kita tidak mahu lalui halangan yang tidak perlu.
04:34
But Jarrett's instinct was wrong,
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Namun naluri Jarrett salah,
04:37
and thank goodness he changed his mind.
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dan nasib baik dia ubah fikiran.
04:39
And I think our instinct is also wrong.
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Saya fikir naluri kita juga salah.
04:44
I think we need to gain a bit more appreciation
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Saya fikir kita perlu sedikit menghargai
04:48
for the unexpected advantages of having to cope with a little mess.
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kelebihan yang tidak dijangka kerana berhadapan sedikit kucar kacir.
04:55
So let me give you some examples
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Biar saya berikan beberapa contoh
04:57
from cognitive psychology,
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dari psikologi kognitif,
05:00
from complexity science,
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dari sains yang rumit,
05:01
from social psychology,
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dari psikologi sosial,
05:03
and of course, rock 'n' roll.
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dan tentulah rock 'n' roll.
05:05
So cognitive psychology first.
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Mulakan dengan psikologi kognitif.
05:07
We've actually known for a while
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Kita sudah lama tahu
05:09
that certain kinds of difficulty,
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yang beberapa jenis kesusahan,
05:11
certain kinds of obstacle,
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beberapa jenis halangan,
05:13
can actually improve our performance.
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boleh memperbaiki pencapaian kita.
05:15
For example,
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Contohnya,
05:17
the psychologist Daniel Oppenheimer,
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psikologi Daniel Oppenheimer,
05:18
a few years ago,
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beberapa tahun lalu,
05:20
teamed up with high school teachers.
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berpasukan dengan guru sekolah menengah.
05:22
And he asked them to reformat the handouts
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Beliau tanya mereka untuk tukar format edaran
05:24
that they were giving to some of their classes.
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yang mereka beri kepada sesetengah kelas mereka.
05:28
So the regular handout would be formatted in something straightforward,
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Edaran biasa akan diformat kepada sesuatu yang jelas,
05:31
such as Helvetica or Times New Roman.
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seperti Helvetica atau Times New Roman.
05:34
But half these classes were getting handouts that were formatted
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Sesetengah kelas mendapat edaran yang diformat
05:37
in something sort of intense, like Haettenschweiler,
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kepada sesuatu yang rapat, seperti Haettenschweiler,
05:41
or something with a zesty bounce, like Comic Sans italicized.
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atau sesuatu yang melantun-lantun, seperti italik Comic Sans.
05:45
Now, these are really ugly fonts,
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Bentuk tulisan ini sangat buruk,
05:47
and they're difficult fonts to read.
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dan sukar dibaca.
05:49
But at the end of the semester,
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Namun di penghujung semester,
05:51
students were given exams,
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pelajar diberikan peperiksaan,
05:54
and the students who'd been asked to read the more difficult fonts,
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dan pelajar yang diminta untuk baca tulisan yang lebih sukar,
05:58
had actually done better on their exams,
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mendapat pencapaian yang lebih baik,
06:00
in a variety of subjects.
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dalam pelbagai subjek.
06:01
And the reason is,
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Alasannya adalah,
06:03
the difficult font had slowed them down,
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tulisan sukar memperlahankan mereka,
06:06
forced them to work a bit harder,
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buat mereka berusaha lebih kuat,
06:08
to think a bit more about what they were reading,
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untuk lebih berfikir tentang bahan bacaan mereka,
06:11
to interpret it ...
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untuk menafsirkannya...
06:13
and so they learned more.
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dan belajar lebih lagi.
06:16
Another example.
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Satu lagi contoh.
06:18
The psychologist Shelley Carson has been testing Harvard undergraduates
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Psikologi Shelley Carson menguji siswazah Harvard
06:23
for the quality of their attentional filters.
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untuk kualiti tapisan perhatian mereka.
06:26
What do I mean by that?
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Apa maksud saya tentang itu?
06:28
What I mean is, imagine you're in a restaurant,
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Apa maksud saya, bayangkan anda dalam restoran,
06:30
you're having a conversation,
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anda sedang berbual,
06:32
there are all kinds of other conversations going on in the restaurant,
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ada pelbagai jenis perbualan sedang diutarakan dalam restoran,
06:35
you want to filter them out,
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anda mahu tapiskannya,
06:36
you want to focus on what's important to you.
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awak mahu fokus perkara penting bagi anda.
06:38
Can you do that?
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Bolehkah anda lakukannya?
06:40
If you can, you have good, strong attentional filters.
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Jika boleh, anda ada penapis perhatian yang baik dan kuat.
06:43
But some people really struggle with that.
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Namun sesetengah orang sukar lakukannya.
06:45
Some of Carson's undergraduate subjects struggled with that.
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Sesetengah pelajar subjek Carson sukar melakukannya.
06:49
They had weak filters, they had porous filters --
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Mereka mempunyai tapisan lemah, tapisan yang lolos --
06:52
let a lot of external information in.
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membiarkan banyak maklumat luar masuk.
06:55
And so what that meant is they were constantly being interrupted
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Perkara yang dimaksudkan adalah mereka sentiasa diganggu
06:58
by the sights and the sounds of the world around them.
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oleh pandangan dan bunyi dunia sekeliling mereka.
07:01
If there was a television on while they were doing their essays,
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Jika ada televisyen yang dibuka semasa mereka menulis karangan,
07:04
they couldn't screen it out.
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mereka tak boleh padamkannya.
07:05
Now, you would think that that was a disadvantage ...
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Anda mungkin fikir ia adalah kekurangan...
07:09
but no.
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tetapi tidak.
07:10
When Carson looked at what these students had achieved,
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Apabila Carson melihat pencapaian pelajar-pelajar ini,
07:14
the ones with the weak filters
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pelajar yang mempunyai tapisan lemah
07:16
were vastly more likely
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lebih cenderung
07:18
to have some real creative milestone in their lives,
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dapat tanda aras yang kreatif dalam kehidupan mereka,
07:21
to have published their first novel,
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yang menerbitkan novel pertama mereka,
07:24
to have released their first album.
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yang lancarkan album pertamanya.
07:27
These distractions were actually grists to their creative mill.
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Gangguan ini sebenarnya penggiling kepada kilang kreatif mereka.
07:30
They were able to think outside the box because their box was full of holes.
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Mereka dapat berfikir di luar kotak kerana otak mereka penuh dengan lubang.
07:36
Let's talk about complexity science.
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Jom cakap tentang sains yang rumit.
07:37
So how do you solve a really complex --
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Bagaimana anda selesaikan masalah --
07:39
the world's full of complicated problems --
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dunia penuh masalah rumit --
07:41
how do you solve a really complicated problem?
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bagaimana selesai masalah amat rumit?
Contohnya, anda cuba membuat enjin jet.
07:44
For example, you try to make a jet engine.
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07:46
There are lots and lots of different variables,
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Ada terlalu banyak pembolehubah yang berbeza,
07:48
the operating temperature, the materials,
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suhu kendalian, bahan,
07:50
all the different dimensions, the shape.
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semua dimensi yang berbeza, bentuk.
07:52
You can't solve that kind of problem all in one go,
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Anda tidak boleh selesaikan semua masalah serentak,
07:55
it's too hard.
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ia terlalu sukar.
07:56
So what do you do?
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Apa yang anda lakukan?
07:57
Well, one thing you can do is try to solve it step-by-step.
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Antara yang anda boleh buat ialah selesaikan satu demi satu.
08:02
So you have some kind of prototype
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Anda ada prototaip
08:04
and you tweak it, you test it, you improve it.
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anda pulas, anda uji dan anda perbaiki.
08:08
You tweak it, you test it, you improve it.
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Anda pulas, anda uji, anda perbaiki.
08:12
Now, this idea of marginal gains will eventually get you a good jet engine.
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Saranan perolehan yang kecil akhirnya memberikan enjin jet yang baik.
08:17
And it's been quite widely implemented in the world.
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Ia telah dilaksanakan secara meluas di dunia.
08:20
So you'll hear about it, for example, in high performance cycling,
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Contohnya, anda dengar tentangnya dalam berbasikal berprestasi tinggi,
08:24
web designers will talk about trying to optimize their web pages,
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pereka web akan bercakap cara mengoptimumkan laman web,
08:27
they're looking for these step-by-step gains.
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mereka mencari hasil langkah demi langkah.
08:30
That's a good way to solve a complicated problem.
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Ia satu cara baik untuk selesaikan masalah rumit.
08:34
But you know what would make it a better way?
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Namun anda tahu cara membuatkannya lebih baik?
08:38
A dash of mess.
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Sedikit kucar kacir.
08:41
You add randomness,
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Anda tambah secara rawak,
08:43
early on in the process,
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di awal proses,
08:44
you make crazy moves,
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anda buat gerak yang gila,
08:46
you try stupid things that shouldn't work,
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anda cuba perkara bodoh yang tidak berkesan,
08:49
and that will tend to make the problem-solving work better.
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dan ia akan buat tugas selesai masalah lebih baik.
08:52
And the reason for that is
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Ia disebabkan
08:54
the trouble with the step-by-step process,
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masalah dengan proses langkah demi langkah,
08:56
the marginal gains,
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perolehan yang kecil,
08:57
is they can walk you gradually down a dead end.
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adalah ia boleh membawa anda hingga ke jalan mati.
09:01
And if you start with the randomness, that becomes less likely,
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Jika anda mula dengan rawak, ia kurang terjadi,
09:05
and your problem-solving becomes more robust.
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serta penyelasaian masalah menjadi lebih kukuh.
09:10
Let's talk about social psychology.
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Bercakap tentang psikologi sosial.
09:12
So the psychologist Katherine Phillips, with some colleagues,
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Ahli psikologi Katherine Phillips bersama rakan sekerjanya,
09:15
recently gave murder mystery problems to some students,
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baru-baru ini beri masalah misteri pembunuhan kepada beberapa pelajar,
09:19
and these students were collected in groups of four
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dan pelajar ini terdiri daripada empat orang sekumpulan
09:22
and they were given dossiers with information about a crime --
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dan mereka diberikan dosir berserta maklumat tentang satu jenayah --
09:26
alibis and evidence, witness statements and three suspects.
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alibi dan bukti, penyataan saksi serta tiga orang disyaki.
09:31
And the groups of four students were asked to figure out who did it,
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Kumpulan pelajar berempat diminta untuk mendedahkan pelakunya,
09:35
who committed the crime.
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yang melakukan jenayah.
09:37
And there were two treatments in this experiment.
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Ada dua perlakuan dalam eksperimen ini.
09:40
In some cases these were four friends,
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Sesetengah adalah empat orang rakan,
09:44
they all knew each other well.
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mereka saling mengenali.
09:46
In other cases,
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Sesetengah yang lain,
09:47
three friends and a stranger.
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tiga kawan dan seorang orang asing.
09:51
And you can see where I'm going with this.
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Anda boleh teka ayat saya.
09:53
Obviously I'm going to say
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Sudah tentu saya akan cakap
09:54
that the groups with the stranger solved the problem more effectively,
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kumpulan bersama orang asing selesaikan masalah lebih efektif,
09:57
which is true, they did.
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benar, mereka efektif.
09:59
Actually, they solved the problem quite a lot more effectively.
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Sebenarnya mereka selesai masalah dengan sangat efektif.
10:03
So the groups of four friends,
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Jadi kumpulan yang empat rakan,
10:07
they only had a 50-50 chance of getting the answer right.
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mereka hanya ada peluang 50-50 menjawab dengan betul.
10:10
Which is actually not that great --
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Bukanlah hebat sangat --
10:11
in multiple choice, for three answers? 50-50's not good.
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soalan pelbagai pilihan, tiga jawapan? 50-50 tidak bagus.
10:14
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
10:16
The three friends and the stranger,
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Tiga rakan dan seorang asing,
10:17
even though the stranger didn't have any extra information,
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walaupun orang asing tidak ada maklumat tambahan,
10:20
even though it was just a case
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walaupun ia hanya satu kes
10:22
of how that changed the conversation to accommodate that awkwardness,
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bagaimana ia mengubah perbualan untuk sesuaikan kejanggalan,
10:28
the three friends and the stranger,
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tiga rakan dan orang asing,
10:30
they had a 75 percent chance of finding the right answer.
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mereka ada 75 peratus peluang menemui jawapan betul.
10:32
That's quite a big leap in performance.
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Ia satu pencapaian yang besar.
10:34
But I think what's really interesting
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Namun paling menarik
10:36
is not just that the three friends and the stranger did a better job,
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adalah bukan sekadar tiga rakan dan seorang asing lebih baik,
10:40
but how they felt about it.
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namun perasaan mereka.
10:42
So when Katherine Phillips interviewed the groups of four friends,
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Apabila Katherine Phillips temuramah kumpulan rakan berempat,
10:47
they had a nice time,
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mereka berseronok,
10:49
they also thought they'd done a good job.
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mereka juga fikir mereka lakukan tugas yang baik.
10:52
They were complacent.
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Mereka selesa.
10:54
When she spoke to the three friends and the stranger,
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Apabila beliau temuduga tiga rakan dan seorang asing,
10:57
they had not had a nice time --
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mereka tidak berseronok --
10:58
it's actually rather difficult, it's rather awkward ...
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ia sebenarnya agak sukar, agak janggal...
11:02
and they were full of doubt.
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dan mereka penuh ragu-ragu.
11:06
They didn't think they'd done a good job even though they had.
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Mereka tak fikir buat tugas dengan baik sedangkan sebaliknya.
11:10
And I think that really exemplifies
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Ia benar-benar menunjukkan
11:11
the challenge that we're dealing with here.
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cabaran yang kita hadapi di sini.
11:14
Because, yeah --
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Kerana, ya --
11:16
the ugly font,
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tulisan yang hodoh,
11:18
the awkward stranger,
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orang asing yang janggal,
11:20
the random move ...
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tindakan rawak...
11:22
these disruptions help us solve problems,
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gangguan ini membantu kita selesaikan masalah,
11:25
they help us become more creative.
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ia bantu kita jadi lebih kreatif.
11:28
But we don't feel that they're helping us.
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Namun kita tak rasa ia membantu kita.
11:30
We feel that they're getting in the way ...
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Kita rasa ia menyusahkan kita...
11:33
and so we resist.
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lalu kita menentangnya.
11:36
And that's why the last example is really important.
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Sebab itu contoh terakhir sangat penting.
11:39
So I want to talk about somebody
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Jadi saya mahu cerita tentang seseorang
11:41
from the background of the world of rock 'n' roll.
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dari latar belakang dunia rock 'n' roll.
11:46
And you may know him, he's actually a TED-ster.
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Anda mungkin mengenalinya, beliau seorang ahli TED.
11:49
His name is Brian Eno.
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Namanya Brian Eno.
11:50
He is an ambient composer -- rather brilliant.
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Beliau seorang komposer ambien -- seorang yang hebat juga.
11:53
He's also a kind of catalyst
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Dia juga seorang pencetus
11:57
behind some of the great rock 'n' roll albums of the last 40 years.
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kepada beberapa album rock 'n' roll yang hebat sejak 40 tahun lalu.
12:01
He's worked with David Bowie on "Heroes,"
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Dia bekerjasama dengan David Bowie untuk lagu "Heroes,",
12:04
he worked with U2 on "Achtung Baby" and "The Joshua Tree,"
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bersama U2 untuk "Achtung Baby" dan "The Joshua Tree,"
12:08
he's worked with DEVO,
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dia berkerjasama dengan DEVO,
12:09
he's worked with Coldplay, he's worked with everybody.
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bekerja dengan Coldplay, bekerja dengan semua orang.
12:12
And what does he do to make these great rock bands better?
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Apa yang dia lakukan untuk buat kumpulan rock ini lebih baik?
12:17
Well, he makes a mess.
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Dia buat kacau bilau.
12:19
He disrupts their creative processes.
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Dia ganggu proses kreatif mereka.
12:21
It's his role to be the awkward stranger.
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Peranannya menjadi orang asing yang janggal.
12:23
It's his role to tell them
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Peranannya untuk beritahu
12:25
that they have to play the unplayable piano.
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mereka perlu main piano yang rosak.
12:28
And one of the ways in which he creates this disruption
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Salah satu cara dia wujudkan gangguan ini
12:31
is through this remarkable deck of cards --
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adalah dengan set kad yang hebat ini --
12:34
I have my signed copy here -- thank you, Brian.
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Saya ada kad yang ditandangani -- terima kasih, Brian.
12:38
They're called The Oblique Strategies,
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Mereka gelar Strategi Miring,
12:40
he developed them with a friend of his.
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dia cipta bersama seorang rakannya.
12:42
And when they're stuck in the studio,
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Ketika mereka buntu dalam studio,
12:46
Brian Eno will reach for one of the cards.
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Brian Eno akan capai salah satu kad.
12:49
He'll draw one at random,
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Dia akan ambil secara rawak,
12:50
and he'll make the band follow the instructions on the card.
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dan dia buat kumpulan tersebut ikut arahan pada kad.
12:54
So this one ...
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Kad yang ini...
12:57
"Change instrument roles."
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"Ubah peranan instrumen."
12:58
Yeah, everyone swap instruments -- Drummer on the piano --
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Ya, semua orang tukar instrumen -- Pemain dram ke piano--
13:01
Brilliant, brilliant idea.
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Idea yang sangat, sangat bijak.
13:03
"Look closely at the most embarrassing details. Amplify them."
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"Lihat dengan teliti perincian paling memalukan. Kuatkannya."
13:08
"Make a sudden, destructive, unpredictable action. Incorporate."
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"Lakukan tindakan mengejut, merosakkan dan luar jangkaan. Gabungkan."
13:14
These cards are disruptive.
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Kad ini memporak peranda.
13:17
Now, they've proved their worth in album after album.
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Sekarang, ia buktikan nilainya dari satu album ke satu album.
13:21
The musicians hate them.
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Ahli muzik bencikannya.
13:24
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
13:25
So Phil Collins was playing drums on an early Brian Eno album.
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Phil Collins bermain dram dalam album Brian Eno terdahulu.
13:29
He got so frustrated he started throwing beer cans across the studio.
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Dia rasa kesal dan mula baling tin bir ke hujung studio.
13:34
Carlos Alomar, great rock guitarist,
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Carlos Alomar, pemain gitar rock yang hebat,
13:36
working with Eno on David Bowie's "Lodger" album,
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bekerjasama dengan Eno untuk album "Lodger" David Bowie,
13:40
and at one point he turns to Brian and says,
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dan pada satu ketika dia pusing kepada Brian dan cakap,
13:43
"Brian, this experiment is stupid."
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"Brian, eksperimen ini bodoh."
13:49
But the thing is it was a pretty good album,
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Tetapi album itu agak bagus,
13:53
but also,
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malah,
13:55
Carlos Alomar, 35 years later, now uses The Oblique Strategies.
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35 tahun kemudian, Carlos Alomar kini gunakan Strategi Miring.
13:59
And he tells his students to use The Oblique Strategies
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Dia beritahu pelajarnya untuk guna Strategi Miring
14:02
because he's realized something.
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kerana dia sedar sesuatu.
14:05
Just because you don't like it doesn't mean it isn't helping you.
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Hanya kerana anda tidak suka, tidak bermaksud ia tidak membantu.
14:12
The strategies actually weren't a deck of cards originally,
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Strategi ini bukanlah satu set dekad pada mulanya,
14:14
they were just a list --
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ia hanya satu senarai --
14:16
list on the recording studio wall.
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ditulis pada dinding studio rakaman.
14:17
A checklist of things you might try if you got stuck.
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Satu senarai semak perkara yang boleh dicuba jika buntu.
14:23
The list didn't work.
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Senarai itu tak berkesan.
14:26
Know why?
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Nak tahu kenapa?
14:29
Not messy enough.
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Tidak cukup serabut.
14:31
Your eye would go down the list
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Mata anda akan mengikut senarai
14:33
and it would settle on whatever was the least disruptive,
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dan pilih yang paling kurang porak peranda,
14:37
the least troublesome,
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paling tidak leceh,
14:40
which of course misses the point entirely.
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dan tentulah hilang tujuan sebenar.
14:46
And what Brian Eno came to realize was,
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Perkara yang Brian Eno sedar adalah,
14:48
yes, we need to run the stupid experiments,
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ya, kita perlu jalankan eksperimen bodoh,
14:53
we need to deal with the awkward strangers,
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kita perlu hadapi orang asing yang janggal,
14:55
we need to try to read the ugly fonts.
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kita perlu cuba baca tulisan hodoh.
14:57
These things help us.
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Perkara ini membantu kita.
14:58
They help us solve problems,
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Bantu kita selesai masalah,
15:00
they help us be more creative.
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bantu kita lebih kreatif.
15:01
But also ...
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Juga...
15:04
we really need some persuasion if we're going to accept this.
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kita memang perlukan sedikit pujukan jika kita mahu menerimanya.
15:08
So however we do it ...
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Apapun cara kita buat...
15:10
whether it's sheer willpower,
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samada dengan tekad sendiri,
15:12
whether it's the flip of a card
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samada dengan selakan kad
15:15
or whether it's a guilt trip from a German teenager,
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atau lawatan serba salah dari seorang remaja Jerman,
15:19
all of us, from time to time,
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kita semua, dari semasa ke semasa,
15:21
need to sit down and try and play the unplayable piano.
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perlu duduk dan cuba mainkan piano yang tidak boleh dimainkan.
15:27
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
15:28
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
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