Jay Bradner: Open-source cancer research

57,733 views ・ 2011-10-27

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jeong-Lan Kinser κ²€ν† : Bianca Lee
μ €λŠ” μ•”κ³Ό 화학에 λŒ€ν•œ 관심을 ν’ˆκ³ 
00:16
I moved to Boston 10 years ago from Chicago,
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00:19
with an interest in cancer and in chemistry.
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μ‹œμΉ΄κ³ μ—μ„œ λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄μœΌλ‘œ 10년전에 μ΄μ‚¬μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:22
You might know that chemistry is the science of making molecules
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화학은 λΆ„μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ³Όν•™μ΄λΌλŠ”κ±Έ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•„μ‹€μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:25
or, to my taste,
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제 μ·¨ν–₯μœΌλ‘œλŠ”, 암을 μœ„ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 약을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ³Όν•™νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:27
new drugs for cancer.
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00:29
And you might also know that, for science and medicine,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ˜ν•œ, κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μ œμ•½μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”,
00:32
Boston is a bit of a candy store.
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λ³΄μŠ€ν†€μ΄ μ‚¬νƒ•κ°€κ²Œ κ°™λ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒλ„ μ•„μ‹€μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠
00:35
You can't roll a stop sign in Cambridge without hitting a graduate student.
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석박사 학생을 λ§Œλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ λŠ”
λ©ˆμΆ€ν‘œμ§€νŒμ— 차바퀴λ₯Ό κ΅΄λ¦΄μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:40
The bar is called the Miracle of Science.
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μ € μˆ μ§‘μ€ κ³Όν•™μ˜ 기적이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:42
The billboards say "Lab Space Available."
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μ € λΉŒλ³΄λ“œλŠ” "μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ 자리 유효" 라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:46
And it's fair to say that in these 10 years,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§€λ‚œ 10λ…„λ™μ•ˆ
00:48
we've witnessed absolutely the start of a scientific revolution --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ²Œλ†ˆ (DNA둜 κ΅¬μ„±λœ μœ μ „ 정보) μ œμ•½μ˜ 과학적인 혁λͺ…μ˜
λ°œλ‹¨μ„ λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  해도 과언이 μ•„λ‹κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:53
that of genome medicine.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 μ˜λ£ŒκΈ°κ΄€μ— λ“€μ–΄μ„œλŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ΄€ν•΄
00:55
We know more about the patients that enter our clinic now
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μ΄μ „μ˜ μ–΄λŠλ•Œ 보닀도 더 μž˜μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:57
than ever before.
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00:58
And we're able, finally, to answer the question
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œλ„ μ˜€λžœλ™μ•ˆ μ••λ°•ν•΄μ™”λ˜
μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ„ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:01
that's been so pressing for so many years:
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01:03
Why do I have cancer?
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μ™œ λ‚΄κ²ŒλŠ” 암이 μžˆλŠ”κ±ΈκΉŒ?
01:06
This information is also pretty staggering.
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이 μ •λ³΄λŠ” λ˜ν•œ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ§μ—°μžμ‹€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€
01:09
You might know that, so far, in just the dawn of this revolution,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 이 혁λͺ…μ˜ μ—¬λͺ…μ—μ„œ
01:12
we know that there are perhaps 40,000 unique mutations
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 1만개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μœ μ „μžμ— 영ν–₯을 미친
ν•„κ²½ 4λ§Œκ°œμ •λ„μ˜ λ…νŠΉν•œ λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ±Έ μ•Œκ³ 
01:16
affecting more than 10,000 genes,
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01:18
and that there are 500 of these genes that are bona-fide drivers,
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이 μœ μ „μ²΄μ˜ 500κ°œκ°€
암을 μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ”
01:22
causes of cancer.
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μ§„μ •ν•œ 의미의 μ±…μž„μžλΌλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ
01:25
Yet comparatively,
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01:26
we have about a dozen targeted medications.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 12κ°œμ •λ„μ˜ λŒ€μƒ μ œμ•½μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:29
And this inadequacy of cancer medicine
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그리고 이 μ•” μ œμ•½μ˜ λΆ€μ μ ˆν•¨μ€
01:32
really hit home when my father was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
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췌μž₯μ•”μœΌλ‘œ 제 아버지가 μ§„λ‹¨λ°›μ•˜μ„λ•Œ
저희가정을 νƒ€κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ₯Ό λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄μœΌλ‘œ λΉ„ν–‰μ‹œν‚€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:38
We didn't fly him to Boston.
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01:39
We didn't sequence his genome.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그의 κ²Œλ†ˆ (DNA둜 κ΅¬μ„±λœ μœ μ „ 정보)을 μ •μ—΄μ‹œν‚€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:41
It's been known for decades what causes this malignancy.
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이 악성쒅양이 무엇을 μ•ΌκΈ°μ‹œν‚€λŠ”μ§€λŠ”
μˆ˜μ‹­λ…„λ™μ•ˆ μ•Œλ €μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
그건 세가지 ν”„λ‘œν‹΄(λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ)μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:46
It's three proteins: ras, myc, p53.
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Ras(μ’…μ–‘ν˜•μ„± μœ μ „μž), MIC (λŒ€μ‹ 세포λ₯Ό μ œμ§€ν•˜λŠ” 사이토카인) 와 P53 (P53μœ μ „μž)μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:50
This is old information we've known since about the 80s,
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이건 1980λ…„λŒ€ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ •λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:53
yet there's no medicine I can prescribe
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
01:55
to a patient with this or any of the numerous solid tumors
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암인 λŒ€μž¬μ•™μ„ 이 μ„Έ λ§ˆλΆ€(μš”μΈ)으둜 μ•ΌκΈ°λ˜λŠ”
λ§Žμ€ κ³ ν˜•μ˜ 쒅양쀑 ν•œκ°€μ§€λ‚˜ 이 μ’…μ–‘μžμ²΄λ₯Ό 가진
01:59
caused by these three ...
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ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ μ²˜λ°©ν•  κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ 약도
02:01
Horsemen of the Apocalypse that is cancer.
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:04
There's no ras, no myc, no p53 drug.
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Ras(μ’…μ–‘ν˜•μ„± μœ μ „μž), MIC (λŒ€μ‹ 세포λ₯Ό μ œμ§€ν•˜λŠ” 사이토카인) 와 P53 (P53μœ μ „μž)에 λŒ€ν•œ 약이 μ—†μ–΄μš”
02:07
And you might fairly ask: Why is that?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ³΅μ •ν•˜κ²Œ λ¬Όμ„μˆ˜ μžˆκ² μ§€μš”: 약이 μ—†λŠ” μ΄μœ κ°€ λ­”κ°€μš”?
그것에 λŒ€ν•œ μ•„μ£Ό λΆˆλ§Œμ‘±μŠ€λŸ½μ§€λ§Œ 과학적인 λŒ€λ‹΅μ€
02:10
And the very unsatisfying yet scientific answer is:
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그게 λ„ˆλ¬΄ νž˜λ“€λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:13
it's too hard.
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02:14
That for whatever reason,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ΄μœ μ—μ„œλ“ μ§€,
02:16
these three proteins have entered a space, in the language of our field,
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이 세가지 ν”„λ‘œν‹΄(λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ)은 우리 μ œμ•½κ³„μ—
02:19
that's called the undruggable genome --
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μ•½λ¬ΌμΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 없은 κ²Œλ†ˆ (DNA둜 κ΅¬μ„±λœ μœ μ „μ •λ³΄)이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œ μž…μ„±ν•΄μ„œ
02:21
which is like calling a computer unsurfable
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그건 마치 μˆ˜μƒ‰ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‚˜
κ±Έμ„μˆ˜ μ—†λŠ” 달이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:24
or the Moon unwalkable.
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02:25
It's a horrible term of trade.
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그건 κ΅ν™˜ν•˜κΈ°μ— λ”μ°ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ˆμš”
02:27
But what it means
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ”
02:28
is that we've failed to identify a greasy pocket in these proteins,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 ν”„λ‘œν‹΄(λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ)의 κΈ°λ¦„νˆ¬μ„±μ΄μ˜ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆλ₯Ό μΈμ§€ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ—,
λΆ„μžμ˜ μžλ¬Όμ‡  μ œμ‘°μ—…μžμ²˜λŸΌ
02:32
into which we, like molecular locksmiths,
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02:34
can fashion an active, small, organic molecule or drug substance.
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ν™œλ™μ€‘μΈ μž‘κ³  유기적인 λΆ„μžλ‚˜ 약물에
λͺ¨μ–‘을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ— μ‹€νŒ¨ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
μ €λŠ”
02:40
Now, as I was training in clinical medicine
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ν˜ˆμ•‘ν•™, μ’…μ–‘ν•™,
02:42
and hematology and oncology and stem-cell transplantation,
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κ°„(εΉΉ)[쀄기] 세포 μ΄μ‹μ˜ μž„μƒμ‹€ν—˜ μ œμ•½κ³„μ—μ„œ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ λ°›λŠ” μ€‘μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
02:45
what we had instead,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λŒ€μ‹  λ³΄μœ ν•œκ²ƒμ€
02:47
cascading through the regulatory network at the FDA,
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FDA (Food and Drug Administration:μ‹ν’ˆμ˜μ•½μ²­)μ—μ„œ
이 λΉ„μ†Œ (arsenic), νƒˆλ¦¬λ„λ§ˆμ΄λ“œ(thalidomide),
02:51
were these substances:
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02:52
arsenic,
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그리고 이 λ‹ˆνŠΈλ‘œμ   겨자 κ°€μŠ€ (nitrogen mustard gas)의
02:54
thalidomide,
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ν™”ν•™ νŒŒμƒλ¬ΌμΈ μ•½ν’ˆλ“€μ„
02:55
and this chemical derivative of nitrogen mustard gas.
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법λ₯ μ μΈ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό 톡해 폭포처럼 많이 μŸμ•„μ§€κ²Œ ν•œκ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:58
And this is the 21st century.
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이게 21μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ ν˜„μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:01
And so, I guess you'd say,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 이 μ œμ•½λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰κ³Ό μ§ˆμ— λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„
03:02
dissatisfied with the performance and quality of these medicines,
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μ €λŠ” ν™”ν•™μ „κ³΅μœΌλ‘œ
03:05
I went back to school, in chemistry,
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•™κ΅λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°”λŠ”λ°
발견 ν™”ν•™μ˜ ꡐ역을 ν•™μŠ΅ν•˜μ—¬
03:09
with the idea that perhaps by learning the trade of discovery chemistry
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그것을 μ˜€ν”ˆμ†ŒμŠ€μ˜,
03:13
and approaching it in the context of this brave new world
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ν¬λΌμš°λ“œ μ†ŒμŠ€μ˜
03:16
of the open source,
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학문계이내에 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•‘μ„ΈμŠ€κ°€μžˆλŠ”
κ·Έ ν˜‘λ™μ μΈ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ‘œ
03:19
the crowd source,
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03:20
the collaborative network that we have access to within academia,
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우리 ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ
03:23
that we might more quickly bring powerful and targeted therapies
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κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  λŒ€μƒμ„ 겨λƒ₯ν•œ 치료λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν• 
이 λŒ€λ‹΄ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 상황에
μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λ €λŠ” 아이디어λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:28
to our patients.
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03:29
And so, please consider this a work in progress,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 이것이 진행쀑인 μž‘μ—…μ΄λΌκ³  κ°„μ£Όν•΄μ£Όμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€,
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ
03:33
but I'd like to tell you today a story
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μ•„μ£Ό ν¬κ·€ν•œ 암인
03:35
about a very rare cancer called midline carcinoma,
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λ―Έλ“œλΌμΈ μΉ΄λ₯΄μ‹œλ…Έλ§ˆ (midline carcinoma)라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 것에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œ,
κ·Έ ν”„λ‘œν‹΄ (λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ) λŒ€μƒμ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œ,
03:39
about the undruggable protein target that causes this cancer,
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BRD4라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”
이 암을 μœ λ°œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ•½λ¬ΌμΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μ—†λŠ” ν”„λ‘œν‹΄(λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ) λŒ€μƒμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ,
03:43
called BRD4,
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03:44
and about a molecule developed at my lab at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
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그리고 이 λΆ„μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“  ν™”ν•™μžμΈ
μ€€ ν‚€ (Jun Qi)의 이름을 λ‹€μ •ν•˜κ²Œ 따라 뢙인
03:48
called JQ1,
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JQ1이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” λ‹€λ‚˜ νŒŒλ²„ μ•” κΈ°κ΄€(Dana Farber Cancer Institute)의
03:49
which we affectionately named for Jun Qi,
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제 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ λ°œλ‹¬μ‹œν‚¨ λΆ„μžμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
the chemist that made this molecule.
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03:54
Now, BRD4 is an interesting protein.
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자 BRD4λŠ” ν₯미둜운 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:57
You might ask: with all the things cancer's trying to do to kill our patient,
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암이 우리의 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό 죽이렀고 ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒλ“€λ‘œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 물을지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
암은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μžκΈ°κ°€ μ•”μ΄λΌλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ”κ±ΈκΉŒ?
04:01
how does it remember it's cancer?
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그게 κ·Έ μœ μ „μžμ •λ³΄λ₯Ό κ°μ‹Έκ²Œ 되면,
04:03
When it winds up its genome,
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04:04
divides into two cells and unwinds again,
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λ‘κ°œμ˜ μ„Έν¬λ‘œ 갈라져 λ‹€μ‹œ ν’€λ¦¬κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
04:06
why does it not turn into an eye, into a liver,
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λͺ¨λ“  μœ μ „μžλ“€μ΄ ν•„μ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
μ™œ 그것은 λˆˆμ΄λ‚˜, κ°„μœΌλ‘œ λŒλ¦¬μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:09
as it has all the genes necessary to do this?
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04:11
It remembers that it's cancer.
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그건 μžκΈ°κ°€ μ•”μ΄λΌλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:13
And the reason is that cancer, like every cell in the body,
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” κ·Έ 암은, μ‹ μ²΄λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  세포와 같이,
κ·Έ μ„Έν¬μ—κ²Œ "λ‚˜λŠ” 암이야; λ‚˜λŠ” 계속 μžλΌλ‚˜μ•Όν•΄" λΌλŠ”
04:17
places little molecular bookmarks,
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μž‘μ€ λΆ„μž μ±…κ°ˆν”Όλ₯Ό,
04:19
little Post-it notes,
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04:20
that remind the cell, "I'm cancer; I should keep growing."
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μž‘μ€ ν¬μŠ€νŠΈμž‡(ν•œμͺ½ 끝에 특수 μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό μΉ ν•œ 뢀전지)을 λ°°μΉ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
κ·Έ ν¬μŠ€νŠΈμž‡ λ©”λͺ¨λ“€μ€
04:24
And those Post-it notes involve this and other proteins of its class --
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μ†Œμœ„ 브둜λͺ¨λ„메인(ν• λ‘œκ²μ‘± μ›μ†Œλ“€; Br)이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
이것과 κ·Έ κ³„μ—΄μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν”„λ‘œν‹΄(λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ)κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:28
so-called bromodomains.
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04:29
So we developed an idea, a rationale,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 λΉ λ₯Έμ†λ„λ‘œ νšŒμ „ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λ‘œν‹΄(λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ)에
04:32
that perhaps if we made a molecule
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μž‘μ€ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆμ†μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ
04:34
that prevented the Post-it note from sticking
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κ·Έ 배치된 λ©”λͺ¨λ₯Ό κ½‚λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ λ°©μ§€ν•˜λŠ”
λΆ„μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μˆ˜ μžˆμ„κ±°λΌλŠ” 아이디어,
04:37
by entering into the little pocket
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04:38
at the base of this spinning protein,
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이둠적섀λͺ…을 μ§€μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:40
then maybe we could convince cancer cells,
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그런 λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
04:42
certainly those addicted to this BRD4 protein,
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ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 그의 BRD4ν”„λ‘œν‹΄(λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ)에 μ€‘λ…λœ 그듀이
04:45
that they're not cancer.
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암이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  κ·Έ μ•” 세포듀을 섀득할 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ λͺ°λžμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”
04:47
And so we started to work on this problem.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 문제λ₯Ό 가지고 μž‘μ—…ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:49
We developed libraries of compounds
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜Όν•©λ¬Όμ˜ λ„μ„œκ΄€μ„ λ°œμ „μ‹œμΌ°κ³ 
κ²°κ΅­ JQ1이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 이것과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ—
04:52
and eventually arrived at this and similar substances
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λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:55
called JQ1.
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04:56
Now, not being a drug company,
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자 μ œμ•½νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
04:58
we could do certain things, we had certain flexibilities,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ 것을 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ , μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°œλ³„μ μΈ μ œμ•½ 산업이 가지고 μžˆμ§€μ•Šμ€
05:01
that I respect that a pharmaceutical industry doesn't have.
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ μœ΅ν†΅μ„±μ„ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:04
We just started mailing it to our friends.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ 그것을 μš°μ†‘ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
μ œκ²ŒλŠ” μž‘μ€ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:07
I have a small lab.
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05:08
We thought we'd just send it to people and see how the molecule behaves.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 생각해낸것은 그것을 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ³΄λ‚΄μ„œ κ·Έ λΆ„μžκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 행동을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μžλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 영ꡭ의 μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œλ‘œ,
05:11
We sent it to Oxford, England,
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이 λΆ„μžκ°€ 이 ν”„λ‘œν‹΄(λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ) νƒ€κ²Ÿμ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œλ„ κ°•λ ₯ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
05:13
where a group of talented crystallographers provided this picture,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ •ν™•νžˆ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ§€μ›ν•œ
05:16
which helped us understand exactly how this molecule is so potent
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이 사진을 μ œκ³΅ν•œ 재λŠ₯μžˆλŠ” κ²°μ •ν•™μž κ·Έλ£Ήμ—κ²Œ λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:19
for this protein target.
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05:20
It's what we call a perfect fit of shape complementarity,
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그건 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 진동 μƒν˜Έλ³΄μ™„μ„± λ˜λŠ” μž₯갑을 λ‚€ μ†μ˜
μ™„λ²½ν•œ 맞좀이라 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:23
or hand in glove.
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자 이것은 맀우 ν¬κ·€ν•œ 암인데,
05:25
Now, this is a very rare cancer,
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이것은 BRD4에 μ€‘λ…λœ μ•”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:27
this BRD4-addicted cancer.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΈŒλ¦¬κ²€ μ—¬μ„± 병원(Brigham Women's Hospital)μ—μ„œ
05:29
And so we worked with samples of material
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05:31
that were collected by young pathologists at Brigham and Women's Hospital.
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μ Šμ€ λ³‘λ¦¬ν•™μžμ— μ˜ν•΄ μˆ˜μ§‘λœ 재료의 μƒ˜ν”Œλ‘œ μž‘μ—…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
그리고 이 λΆ„μžλ‘œ 이 세포λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•¨μ— 따라,
05:35
And as we treated these cells with this molecule,
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05:37
we observed something really striking.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ­”κ°€ 정말 μ£Όλͺ©ν• λ§Œν•œκ²ƒμ„ κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
κ·Έ μ•”μ„Έν¬λŠ”,
05:40
The cancer cells --
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05:41
small, round and rapidly dividing,
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μž‘κ³  λ‘₯κΈ€κ³  κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜λ©°,
05:43
grew these arms and extensions.
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이 νŒ”κ³Ό ν™•μž₯뢀뢄을 κΈΈλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:45
They were changing shape.
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그것듀은 ν˜•μ²΄λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆμ–΄μš”
05:47
In effect,
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사싀, κ·Έ μ•”μ„Έν¬λŠ”
05:48
the cancer cell was forgetting it was cancer
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그게 μ•”μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 잊고
λ³΄ν†΅μ˜ 세포가 되고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:52
and becoming a normal cell.
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이것이 우리λ₯Ό ꡉμž₯히 ν₯λΆ„ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμ§€μš”
05:55
This got us very excited.
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λ‹€μŒ λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” 이 λΆ„μžλ₯Ό μ₯λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ„£λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:58
The next step would be to put this molecule into mice.
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06:00
The only problem was there's no mouse model of this rare cancer.
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단 ν•œκ°€μ§€ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 이 ν¬κ·€ν•œ μ•”μ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ΄ λ λ§Œν•œ μ₯κ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
또 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  있던 κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ”,
06:04
And so at the time we were doing this research,
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06:06
I was caring for a 29-year-old firefighter from Connecticut
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μ €λŠ” 이 뢈치의 μ•”μœΌλ‘œ
μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 생λͺ…μ˜ 끝에 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
06:10
who was very much at the end of life
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06:12
with this incurable cancer.
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μ½”λ„€ν‹°μ»· μΆœμ‹ μ˜ 29μ„Έ μ†Œλ°©λŒ€μ›μ„ 돌보고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:14
This BRD4-addicted cancer was growing throughout his left lung.
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이 BRD4에 μ€‘λ…λœ 암은
그의 μ™Όμͺ½ 폐λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 자라고 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
06:18
And he had a chest tube in that was draining little bits of debris.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μž”μ—¬λ¬Όμ˜ 약간씩을 λ°°μΆœν•˜λŠ” 흉곽 튜브λ₯Ό 달고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 맀번 간병인 μ „ν™˜μ‹œ
06:21
And every nursing shift, we would throw this material out.
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이 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ²„λ¦¬κ³ λŠ” ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:24
And so we approached this patient
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ μ ‘κ·Όν•΄μ„œ
06:26
and asked if he would collaborate with us.
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μš°λ¦¬μ™€ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:28
Could we take this precious and rare cancerous material
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 값지고 ν¬κ·€ν•œ 암적인 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„
06:32
from this chest tube
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그의 흉곽 νŠœλΈŒμ—μ„œ μ·¨ν•˜μ—¬
06:34
and drive it across town and put it into mice
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λ„μ‹¬μ˜ κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ μš΄μ „ν•΄μ„œ 그것을 μ₯λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ„£μ–΄
06:36
and try to do a clinical trial at a stage that with a prototype drug,
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μž„μƒμ μΈ μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό 해보고
κΈ°λ³Έν˜• μ•½μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 단계λ₯Ό 지을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:40
well, that would be, of course, impossible
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 그건 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•  것이고, μ •λ‹Ήνžˆ λ§ν•΄μ„œ, μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€ λΆˆλ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:42
and, rightly, illegal to do in humans.
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그리고 κ·Έκ°€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ κ°•μš”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:44
And he obliged us.
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06:46
At the Lurie Family Center for Animal Imaging,
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동물 이미지λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 루리 νŒ¨λ°€λ¦¬ μ„Όν„°(Lurie Family Center)μ—μ„œ
06:48
our colleague, Andrew Kung, grew this cancer successfully in mice
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제 λ™λ£ŒμΈ, μ•€λ“œλ₯˜ μ»Ή (Andrew Kung)은 μ₯λ“€μ—
ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ μ „ν˜€ λ§Œμ§€μ§€ μ•Šκ³  이 암을 κΈΈλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:52
without ever touching plastic.
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06:53
And you can see this PET scan of a mouse -- what we call a pet PET.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ• μ™„μš© PET이라 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” ν•œλ§ˆλ¦¬ μ₯μ˜ PET (Positron emission tomography:μ–‘μ „μž 방사 단측 Xμ„  μ΄¬μ˜λ²•) μŠ€μΊ”μ„ 보싀 수 μžˆμœΌμ‹œμ£ 
κ·Έ 암은
06:57
The cancer is growing
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06:58
as this red, huge mass in the hind limb of this animal.
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이 λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 뢉은, ν›„λ°©μ˜ 사지에 μ»€λ‹€λž€ λ©μ–΄λ¦¬μ²˜λŸΌ μžλžλ‹ˆλ‹€
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그것을 우리의 ν™”ν•©λ¬Όλ‘œ μΉ˜λ£Œν–ˆμ„λ•Œ
07:02
And as we treat it with our compound,
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μ„€νƒ•μ—μ˜ 이 쀑독,
07:04
this addiction to sugar,
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이 κΈ‰κ²©ν•œ μ„±μž₯이 μ‡ ν‡΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:06
this rapid growth, faded.
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07:07
And on the animal on the right,
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그리고 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ˜ κ·Έ λ™λ¬Όμ—μ„œ
07:09
you see that the cancer was responding.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ·Έ 암이 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ λ³΄μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:12
We've completed, now, clinical trials
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ λ„€ 마리의 μ₯ λͺ¨λΈμ—μ„œ
μž„μƒμ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ™„λ£Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:15
in four mouse models of this disease.
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그리고 맀번, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 같은것을 λͺ©κ²©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:17
And every time, we see the same thing.
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07:18
The mice with this cancer that get the drug live,
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κ·Έ 약을 받은 이 암을 가진 μ₯λŠ” μ‚΄κ³ ,
κ·Έ 약을 λ°›μ§€μ•Šμ€ μ₯λŠ” μ£½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:21
and the ones that don't rapidly perish.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
07:26
So we started to wonder,
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07:27
what would a drug company do at this point?
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이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ μ œμ•½νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν• κΉŒ? 라고 κΆκΈˆν•΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:29
Well, they probably would keep this a secret
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κΈ€μŽ„μš” 그듀은 이 사싀을
07:31
until they turn the prototype drug
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그듀이 κΈ°λ³Έν˜•μ˜ 약을
07:33
into an active pharmaceutical substance.
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ν™œλ™μ μΈ μ œμ•½μ˜ 물질둜 λ°”κΎΈκΈ°κΉŒμ§€λŠ” λΉ„λ°€λ‘œ ν•  ν™•λ₯ μ΄ λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:36
So we did just the opposite.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 초기의 κΈ°λ³Έν˜• λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ
07:38
We published a paper that described this finding
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이 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ”
07:41
at the earliest prototype stage.
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논문을 λ°œν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:43
We gave the world the chemical identity of this molecule,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 ν•™λ¬ΈλΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ” μ „ν˜•μ μœΌλ‘œ 비밀인
07:46
typically a secret in our discipline.
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이 λΆ„μžμ˜ 화학적 정체성을 세계에 μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:48
We told people exactly how to make it.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ·Έκ±Έ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법을 μ •ν™•νžˆ μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ—ˆμ§€μš”
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 이메일 μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ—¬,
07:51
We gave them our email address,
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07:52
suggesting that if they write us,
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만일 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 글을 적어보낸닀면
07:54
we'll send them a free molecule.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무료 λΆ„μžλ₯Ό 보내주겠닀고 μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμ§€μš”
07:56
(Laughter)
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 기본적으둜 우리 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œν•œ
07:57
We basically tried to create the most competitive environment
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κ°€μž₯ 경쟁적인 ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ‘°μ„±ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”
08:00
for our lab as possible.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은, λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„, μ„±κ³΅μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:01
And this was, unfortunately, successful.
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:03
(Laughter)
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08:04
Because now, we've shared this molecule,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 λΆ„μžλ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν–ˆμ„λ•Œ,
08:06
just since December of last year,
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단지 μž‘λ…„ 12μ›” μ΄ν›„λ‘œ
08:08
with 40 laboratories in the United States
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μ§€κΈˆ, 정말 κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œλ„,
이 ν¬κ·€ν•œ 암을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬
08:11
and 30 more in Europe --
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이 κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ μ§„μž…ν•˜κ³ μž λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•˜λŠ”
08:13
many of them pharmaceutical companies,
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08:14
seeking now to enter this space,
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λ§Žμ€ 수의 μ œμ•½νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄
08:16
to target this rare cancer that, thankfully right now,
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μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œλŠ” 30개 μ΄μƒμ˜ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€
그리고 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” 40개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œκ°€
08:20
is quite desirable to study in that industry.
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κ·Έ μ‚°μ—…μ—μ„œ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ°μ— μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ°”λžŒμ§ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λΆ„μžμ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ— κ΄€ν•œ
08:25
But the science that's coming back from all of these laboratories
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이 λͺ¨λ“  μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ˜λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ”
08:28
about the use of this molecule
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과학이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ
08:30
has provided us insights we might not have had on our own.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 슀슀둜 얻은것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 톡찰λ ₯을 μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:33
Leukemia cells treated with this compound
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이 ν™”ν•©λ¬Όλ‘œ 치료된 λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘ μ„Έν¬λŠ”
08:35
turn into normal white blood cells.
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정상적인 백혈ꡬ μ„Έν¬λ‘œ λ³€ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:38
Mice with multiple myeloma,
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λ‹€κ³¨μˆ˜μ¦,
08:40
an incurable malignancy of the bone marrow,
198
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골수의 μΉ˜λ£ŒλΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 악성쒅양을 가진 μ₯λ“€μ΄
08:43
respond dramatically
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이 μ•½μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œμ—
08:45
to the treatment with this drug.
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극적으둜 λ°˜μ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:47
You might know that fat has memory.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜μ„œλŠ” 지방이 κΈ°μ–΅λ ₯이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ 아싀지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ „μ‹œν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ’‹κ΅°μš”
08:50
I'll nicely demonstrate that for you.
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08:52
(Laughter)
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08:53
In fact, this molecule
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사싀, 이 λΆ„μžλŠ”
08:55
prevents this adipocyte, this fat stem cell,
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이 지방세포λ₯Ό, 이 쀄기세포λ₯Ό,
08:58
from remembering how to make fat,
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지방을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°©μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:01
such that mice on a high-fat diet,
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고지방 λ‹€μ΄μ–΄νŠΈλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ₯λ“€κ°™μ΄
09:03
like the folks in my hometown of Chicago --
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μ‹œμΉ΄κ³ μ˜ 제 κ³ ν–₯에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ°™μ΄
09:06
(Laughter)
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μ£Όμš”ν•œ μ˜λ£Œκ³„μ˜ 문제인
09:07
fail to develop fatty liver,
210
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지방 간을 λ°œλ‹¬μ‹œν‚€λŠ”κ²ƒμ— μ‹€νŒ¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:09
which is a major medical problem.
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이 λ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜κ°€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ,
09:12
What this research taught us --
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09:13
not just my lab, but our institute,
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단지 제 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 우리 κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό
더 μΌλ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” ν•˜λ°”λ“œ μ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™μ—κ²Œ κ°€λ₯΄μΉœκ²ƒμ€
09:16
and Harvard Medical School more generally --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ œμ•½μ˜ λ°œκ²¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ
09:18
is that we have unique resources in academia
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ν•™λ¬Έκ³„μ—μ„œ λ…νŠΉν•œ μžμ›μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒ,
09:20
for drug discovery;
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09:21
that our center, which has tested perhaps more cancer molecules
217
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즉 우리의 μ‹œμ„€μ΄
과학적이 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œλ³΄λ‹€
09:25
in a scientific way
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κ·Έ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œλŠ” κ²°μ½” λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•Šμ€
09:26
than any other,
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09:27
never made one of its own.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ•” λΆ„μžλ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:29
For all the reasons you see listed here,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³΄μ‹œκΈ°μ— μ—¬κΈ° λ‚˜μ—΄λœ 이유둜,
09:31
we think there's a great opportunity for academic centers
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 학문적 μ„Όν„°λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ꡉμž₯ν•œ κΈ°νšŒκ°€
09:34
to participate in this earliest, conceptually tricky
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이 ν”„λ‘œν† νƒ€μž…(초기) μ•½μ˜ 발견의
κ°€μž₯ 초기의, κ°œλ…μ μœΌλ‘œ-κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­κ³ 
09:38
and creative discipline
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09:40
of prototype drug discovery.
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창쑰적인 학문뢄야에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
그러면 λ‹€μŒμ€ λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
09:45
So what next?
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09:46
We have this molecule, but it's not a pill yet.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 λΆ„μžκ°€ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, 그것은 약이 아직 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€
그건 ꡬ강에 μ΄μš©ν• λ§Œν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:49
It's not orally bioavailable.
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09:51
We need to fix it so we can deliver it to our patients.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έκ±Έ 고쳐야 ν•˜κ³ , κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 전달해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:54
And everyone in the lab,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 특히 이 ν™˜μžλ“€κ³Ό μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ μΆ”μ ν•˜λŠ”
09:56
especially following the interaction with these patients,
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μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
이 λΆ„μžμ— κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ‘” 약물을 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ—
09:59
feels quite compelled to deliver a drug substance
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μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ••λ„λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:01
based on this molecule.
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10:02
It's here where I'd say
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κ·Έ 압도감은 여기에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
10:04
that we could use your help and your insights,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 지원과, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 톡찰λ ₯κ³Ό
10:06
your collaborative participation.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯적인 μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  말해야 ν•˜λŠ”κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:08
Unlike a drug company, we don't have a pipeline
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μ œμ•½νšŒμ‚¬μ™€λŠ” 달리,
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 λΆ„μžλ“€μ„ μ €μΆ•ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” νŒŒμ΄ν”„λΌμΈμ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:12
that we can deposit these molecules into.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 약이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 약에 λŒ€ν•­ν•΄μ„œ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ •ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 말해쀄 수 μžˆλŠ”
10:14
We don't have a team of salespeople and marketeers
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10:16
to tell us how to position this drug against the other.
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νŒλ§€μΈλ“€κ³Ό μ‹œμž₯κ±°λž˜μΈλ“€μ˜ νŒ€μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:19
What we do have is the flexibility of an academic center
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°–κ³  μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ€
ν”„λ‘œν† νƒ€μž… 약을 μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ”
10:22
to work with competent, motivated,
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10:24
enthusiastic, hopefully well-funded people
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우리의 λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆμ—
10:27
to carry these molecules forward into the clinic
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이 λΆ„μžλ“€μ„ λ³‘μ›μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ μ§„μž…μ‹œμΌœ μš΄λ°˜ν•˜λ €λŠ”
10:29
while preserving our ability to share the prototype drug worldwide.
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유λŠ₯ν•˜κ³ , 동기가 λΆ€μ—¬λ˜κ³ , 열정적이고, λ°”λΌκ±΄λŒ€ 기금이 잘 λΉ„μΆ•λœ
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό μΌν•˜λŠ” 학문적 μ„Όν„°μ˜ μœ΅ν†΅μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:34
This molecule will soon leave our benches
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이 λΆ„μžλŠ” 곧 우리의 벀치λ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜
텐샀 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²• (Tensha Therapeutics)이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”
10:37
and go into a small start-up company called Tensha Therapeutics.
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μž‘κ³  μƒˆλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:40
And, really, this is the fourth of these molecules
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그리고 μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 이것은 이 λΆ„μžμ˜
10:43
to kind of "graduate" from our little pipeline
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μ•½ 발견의 우리의 μž‘μ€ νŒŒμ΄ν”„λΌμΈμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜λŠ” μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ„€λ²ˆμ§Έκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:45
of drug discovery,
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그것쀑 2κ°œλŠ” -
10:47
two of which -- a topical drug for lymphoma of the skin
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ν”ΌλΆ€μ˜ 림프쒅을 μœ„ν•œ λ…Όμ œκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 약인데,
10:52
and an oral substance for the treatment of multiple myeloma --
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λ‹€λ°œμ„± κ³¨μˆ˜μ’…μ˜ 치료λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ꡬ강 약물이
10:55
will actually come to the bedside for the first clinical trial
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이해 7월에 첫번째 μž„μƒ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄
μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ•„μ£Ό κ°€κΉκ²Œ 였게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:58
in July of this year -- for us, a major and exciting milestone.
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우리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ³  ν₯μ΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ΄μ •ν‘œμ΄μ§€μš”
11:03
I want to leave you with just two ideas.
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 두가지 아이디어λ₯Ό 남기고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:05
The first is: if anything is unique about this research,
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μ²«λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”
이 λ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜μ— κ΄€ν•΄ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 것이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
11:10
it's less the science than the strategy.
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그건 μ „λž΅λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 과학이 덜 μ°¨μ§€ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€--
11:12
This, for us, was a social experiment --
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즉 이것은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€
발견 ν™”ν•™ λ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 이λ₯Έ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ
11:15
an experiment in "What would happen if we were as open and honest
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ“―μ΄
11:20
at the earliest phase of discovery chemistry research
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 개방적이고 μ •μ§ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 무슨일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ 될지에 λŒ€ν•œ
11:22
as we could be?"
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μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ μ‹€ν—˜μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:24
This string of letters and numbers
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κ°€μ •μ»¨λŒ€, ν…μŠ€νŠΈν™”λ  수 있고,
11:26
and symbols and parentheses
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μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ νŠΈμœ„ν„°λ  수 μžˆλŠ”
11:28
that can be texted, I suppose,
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κΈ€μžλ“€κ³Ό μˆ«μžλ“€κ³Ό
11:30
or Twittered worldwide,
265
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심볼듀과 κ΄„ν˜Έλ“€μ€
우리의 ν”„λ‘œ ν™”ν•©λ¬Όμ˜ 화학적인 μ •μ²΄μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:33
is the chemical identity of our pro compound.
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11:35
It's the information that we most need from pharmaceutical companies,
267
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그것은 이 초기의 ν”„λ‘œν† νƒ€μž… 약이
μž‘μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ°©λ²•μ˜
11:39
the information on how these early prototype drugs might work.
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μ •λ³΄λŠ” μ œμ•½νšŒμ‚¬μ—κ²Œμ„œ
μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ κ°€μž₯ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ •λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:44
Yet this information is largely a secret.
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ μ •λ³΄λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λΉ„λ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:47
And so we seek, really, to download
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
컴퓨터 μ‚°μ—…μ˜ 두가지 μ›μΉ™μ˜
11:50
from the amazing successes of the computer-science industry,
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λ†€λΌμš΄ μ„±κ³΅μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν• 
11:53
two principles -- that of open source and that of crowdsourcing --
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μ•”ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ
λŒ€μƒ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ˜ 전달을
11:58
to quickly, responsibly accelerate the delivery of targeted therapeutics
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μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ, μ±…μž„κ°μžˆκ²Œ μ΄‰μ§„μ‹œν‚€λŠ”
12:04
to patients with cancer.
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ν¬λΌμš°λ“œμ†Œμ‹±κ³Ό μ˜€ν”ˆμ†ŒμŠ€μ˜ 성곡방법을 μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:06
Now, the business model involves all of you.
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이제 κ·Έ 사업 λͺ¨λΈμ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:09
This research is funded by the public.
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이 λ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜λŠ” 곡곡에 μ˜ν•΄ 자금이 λ§ˆλ ¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:11
It's funded by foundations.
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그건 κΈ°κΈˆμ— μ˜ν•΄ 자금이 λ§ˆλ ¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:13
And one thing I've learned in Boston
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μ œκ°€ λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄μ—μ„œ 배운 ν•œκ°€μ§€λŠ”
12:15
is that you people will do anything for cancer, and I love that.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 암을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 무엇이든지 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€--그리고 μ €λŠ” 그점을 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
μ£Όλ₯Ό κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ μžμ „κ±°λ₯Ό νƒ‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 강을 따라 κ±Έμ–΄ μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³  λ‚΄λ €κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:18
You bike across the state, you walk up and down the river.
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
12:21
(Laughter)
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μ €λŠ” μ•” λ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ
12:23
I've never seen, really, anywhere,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 지원을
12:25
this unique support for cancer research.
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λ‹€λ₯Έκ³³μ—μ„œλŠ” 본적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:28
And so I want to thank you
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό,
12:30
for your participation, your collaboration
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯κ³Ό
12:33
and most of all,
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²ŒλŠ” 우리의 아이디어에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μžμ‹ κ°μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:35
for your confidence in our ideas.
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:37
(Applause)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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