Loretta Napoleoni: The intricate economics of terrorism

57,370 views ใƒป 2009-12-14

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seo Rim Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sanghoon Lee
00:16
I'm going to show you how terrorism
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์ €๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
00:18
actually interacts with our daily life.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
15 years ago I received a phone call from a friend.
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15๋…„ ์ „ ์ €๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
At the time he was looking after the rights of political prisoners
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ต๋„์†Œ์—์„œ ์ •์น˜๋ฒ”์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
00:28
in Italian jails.
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์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:31
He asked me if I wanted to interview the Red Brigades.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ(์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๊ทน์ขŒ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ)์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Now, as many of you may remember,
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด,
00:37
the Red Brigades was a terrorist, Marxist organization
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๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ์„œ,
00:41
which was very active in Italy
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60๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์—์„œ 80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™œ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋˜
00:43
from the 1960s until the mid-1980s.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์Šค์ฃผ์˜์ž ์กฐ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
As part of their strategy
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ์„œ
00:49
the Red Brigades never spoke with anybody, not even with their lawyers.
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๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์ฃ .
00:53
They sat in silence through their trails,
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์žฌํŒ์—์„œ๋„ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์•‰์•„๋งŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
waving occasionally at family and friends.
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๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜€์ฃ .
01:01
In 1993 they declared the end of the armed struggle.
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1993๋…„์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์žฅ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์˜ ๋์„ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
And they drew a list of people with whom they would talk,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ค„
01:09
and tell their story.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ถ”๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
And I was one of those people.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
When I asked my friend why the Red Brigades want to talk to me,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์™œ ๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ,
01:17
he said that the female members of the organization
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ๊ทธ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋‹จ์›๋“ค์ด
01:21
had actually supported my name.
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์ œ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
In particular, one person had put it forward.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํžˆ, ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:27
She was my childhood friend.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์‹œ์ ˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
She had joined the Red Brigades
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:32
and became a leader of the organization.
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๊ทธ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Naturally, I didn't know that
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
01:37
until the day she was arrested.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฒดํฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
In fact, I read it in the newspaper.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์‹ ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:43
At the time of the phone call
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๊ทธ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™”์„ ๋‹น์‹œ์—”
01:45
I just had a baby,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:47
I successfully completed a management buyout
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง ์ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
01:49
to the company I was working with,
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์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
and the last thing I wanted to do was to go back home
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ์‚ผ์—„ํ•œ
01:55
and touring the high-security prisons.
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๊ฐ์˜ฅ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
But this is exactly what I did
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
because I wanted to know
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ฃ ,
02:03
what had turned my best friend
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
02:05
into a terrorist,
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„๊นŒ?
02:07
and why she'd never tried to recruit me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํฌ์„ญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:16
So, this is exactly what I did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Now, I found the answer very quickly.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
I actually had failed
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:27
the psychological profiling of a terrorist.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
The center committee of the Red Brigades
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๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ค‘์•™ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š”
02:32
had judged me too single-minded
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์™ธ๊ณฌ์ˆ˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:34
and too opinionated to become a good terrorist.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
My friend, on the other hand, she was a good terrorist
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:41
because she was very good at following orders.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋”ฐ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
She also embraced violence.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Because she believed that the only way
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ 35๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:49
to unblock what, at the time,
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๋™์ผ ์ •๋‹น์ด ์ง‘๊ถŒํ•œ
02:52
was known as a blocked democracy,
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์ •์ฒด๋œ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
02:54
Italy, a country run by the same party for 35 years
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์†Œํ†ต์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด
02:58
was the arms struggle.
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๋ฌด์žฅ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
At the same time, while I was interviewing the Red Brigades,
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๋™์‹œ์—, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:05
I also discovered that their life was not ruled
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ์ •์น˜๋‚˜ ์ด๋…์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ขŒ์šฐ๋˜๋Š”
03:08
by politics or ideology,
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๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ค์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด
03:11
but actually was ruled by economics.
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์ขŒ์šฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:14
They were constantly short of cash.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ๋ชจ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
They were constantly searching for cash.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Š˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Now, contrary to what many people believe,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
03:22
terrorism is actually a very expensive business.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋น„์‹ผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
I'll give you an idea.
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๊ฐ์„ ์žก๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:28
In the 1970s, the turnover of the Red Brigades
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1970๋…„๋Œ€, ๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์˜ 1๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ
03:33
on a yearly basis
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์•ก์€
03:35
was seven million dollars.
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7๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
This is roughly between 100
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐ• ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์„ธ๋กœ
03:39
and 150 million, today.
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1์–ต - 1์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Now, you know, if you live underground
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์•”์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉด,
03:44
it's really hard to produce this amount of money.
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์ด ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
But this also explains why, when I was interviewing the Red Brigades,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:53
and then, later on, other arms organizations,
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ํ›„์— ์ค‘๋™์˜ ์•Œ ์ž์นด์œ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์„
03:56
including members of al-Zarqawi group in the Middle East,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด๋…์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:01
everybody was extremely reluctant
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทนํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋˜
04:04
to talk about ideology, or politics.
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์ด์œ ๋„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Because they had no idea.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
The political vision of a terrorist organization
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋น„์ „์€
04:13
is decided by the leadership,
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์ง€๋„๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
which, generally, is never more than five to seven people.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋„๋ถ€๋Š” 5๋ช…์—์„œ 7๋ช…์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
All the others do, day in and day out,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ผ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
04:22
is search for money.
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๋ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Once, for example, I was interviewing
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์˜
04:26
this part-timer from the Red Brigades.
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๋น„์ •๊ทœ ์š”์›์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
It was a psychiatrist. He loved sailing.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:31
He was a really keen sailor. And he had this beautiful boat.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์˜ˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ ์›์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฐฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:35
And he told me that the best time of his life
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
04:37
was when he was a member of the Red Brigades
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์š”์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ
04:40
and he went sailing, every summer, back and forth
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๋งค๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๋ ˆ๋ฐ”๋…ผ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฅด๋””๋‹ˆ์•„๋ฅผ ์™•๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:42
from Lebanon, where he would pick up
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๋ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋…ผ PLO๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ๋ จ์ œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ฃ๊ณ 
04:44
Soviet weapons from the PLO,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋ฌด์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์—๊ฒŒ
04:46
and then carry them all the way to Sardinia
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชซ์œผ๋กœ ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:49
where the other arms organization from Europe would go
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์‚ฌ๋ฅด๋””๋‹ˆ์•„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋˜
04:52
and take their share of the arms.
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์‹œ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
For that service the Red Brigades were actually paid a fee,
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์ด ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ˆ์ด
04:59
which went to fund their organization.
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์กฐ์ง์˜ ์šด์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
So, because I am a trained economist
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์ด๊ณ 
05:05
and I think in economic terms,
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:07
all of the sudden I thought,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š”
05:09
maybe there is something here.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Maybe there is a link, a commercial link,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ์˜
05:13
between one organization and another one.
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์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
But it was only when I interviewed
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:20
Mario Moretti, the head of the Red Brigades,
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์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋„ ๋ชจ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฉ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋˜
05:24
the man who kidnapped and killed Aldo Moro,
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๋ถ‰์€ ์—ฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ธ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ชจ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ
05:27
Italian former prime minister,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์ฃ ,
05:30
that I finally realized
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:32
that terrorism is actually business.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
I was having lunch with him
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๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ์‚ผ์—„ํ•œ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์—์„œ
05:37
in a high-security prison in Italy.
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๊ทธ์™€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And as we were eating,
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์‹์‚ฌ ์ค‘์—,
05:42
I had the distinct feeling
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ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ .
05:44
that I was back in the city of London,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ
05:47
having lunch with a fellow banker or an economist.
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์€ํ–‰๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์™€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ .
05:51
This guy thought in the same way I did.
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์ด ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์ €์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
So, I decided that I wanted to investigate the economics of terrorism.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Naturally, nobody wanted to fund my research.
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์ž์—ฐํžˆ, ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:05
In fact, I think many people thought that I was a bit crazy.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:07
You know, that woman that goes around to foundations
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€
06:10
asking for money, thinking about the economics of terrorism.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฌ๋‹จ์„ ๋Œ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:14
So, in the end, I took a decision
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
that, in retrospect, did change my life.
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๋Œ์ด์ผœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
I sold my company,
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์ €๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ณ 
06:22
and funded the research myself.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
And what I discovered
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:27
is this parallel reality,
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ํ‰ํ–‰ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ์„œ,
06:29
another international economic system,
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2์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฌด์žฅ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ 
06:33
which runs parallel to our own,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€
06:36
which has been created by arms organizations
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
06:38
since the end of World War II.
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์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
And what is even more shocking
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๋”์šฑ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
06:42
is that this system
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€
06:46
has followed, step by step, the evolution
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
06:49
of our own system,
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ
06:51
of our Western capitalism.
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๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒช์–ด ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
And there are three main stages.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
The first one is the state sponsor of terrorism.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
The second one is the privatization of terrorism.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ฏผ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
And the third, of course, is the globalization of terrorism.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
So, state sponsor of terrorism,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋Š”
07:09
feature of the Cold War.
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๋ƒ‰์ „์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
This is when the two superpowers were fighting
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด ๋ฒŒ์ธ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ,
07:13
a war by proxy,
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์˜ํ–ฅ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
07:15
along the periphery of the sphere of influence,
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์€
07:18
fully funding arms organizations.
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๋ฌด์žฅ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ „์„ ๋ฒŒ์ธ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
A mix of legal and illegal activities is used.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ˜ผ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
So, the link between crime and terror
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์™€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”
07:27
is established very early on.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
And here is the best example,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
the Contras in Nicaragua, created by the CIA,
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CIA๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์„คํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์นด๋ผ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํŠธ๋ผ์Šค๋Š”
07:35
legally funded by the U.S. Congress,
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๋ฏธ์˜ํšŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์  ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
07:38
illegally funded by the Reagan administration
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๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
via covert operation, for example, the Iran-Contra Affair.
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์ด๋ž€-์ฝ˜ํŠธ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์ž‘์ „์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:47
Then comes the late 1970s, early '80s,
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์ดํ›„ 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—์„œ 80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—,
07:50
and some groups successfully carry out
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ฏผ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ
07:53
the privatization of terrorism.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
So, they gain independence from the sponsor,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›„์›์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋…๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ,
07:58
and start funding themselves.
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์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์›์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
Now, again we see a mix of legal and illegal activities.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ํ™œ๋™์˜ ํ˜ผ์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
So, Arafat used to get a percentage
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์•„๋ผํŒŒํŠธ๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ฐ”๋…ผ๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
08:10
of the smuggling of hashish
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๋ฒ ์นด ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ€์ˆ˜๋œ
08:13
from Bekรกa Valley, which is the valley between Lebanon and Syria.
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ํ•ด์‹œ์‹œ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
And the IRA, which control the private transportation system
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๋ถ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์„ค ์šด์†ก ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ IRA(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ: ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ๊ตฐ)๋„
08:21
in Northern Ireland, did exactly the same thing.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
So, every single time
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ฐธํŒจ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ
08:26
that somebody got into a taxi in Belfast
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ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
08:29
without knowing, actually,
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์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์—
08:31
was funding the IRA.
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IRA๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
But the great change came, of course,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์™€ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ฒ ํ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
08:36
with globalization and deregulation.
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ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฅ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
This is when arms organization were able to link up,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์žฅ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:42
also financially, with each other.
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์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
But above all, they started to do
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
08:46
serious business with the world of crime.
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
And together they money-laundered
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ˆ ์„ธํƒ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:51
their dirty business through the same channel.
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๊ฐ™์€ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
This is when we see the birth of the transnational
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์ด๋•Œ ๋ฒ”๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์ธ ์•Œ์นด์—๋‹ค์˜
08:58
arms organization Al Qaeda.
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ํƒ„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
This is an organization that can raise money across border.
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์ด ์กฐ์ง์€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
But also that is able to carry out attacks
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„
09:07
in more than one country.
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๊ฐํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Now, deregulation also brought back
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ทœ์ œ ์ฒ ํ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ
09:13
rogue economics.
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๋ถ€ํ™œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
So what is rogue economics?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
09:17
Rogue economics is a force which is constantly
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—
09:19
lurking in the background of history.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž ๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
It comes back at times of great transformation,
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ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
09:26
globalization being one of those transformations.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
It is at this times in which
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์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
09:32
politics actually loses control of the economy,
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์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ 
09:35
and the economy becomes a rogue force
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด
09:38
working against us.
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์ ๋Œ€์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
It has happened before in history.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
It has happened with the fall of the Roman Empire.
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๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฉธ๋ง๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
It has happened with Industrial Revolution.
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
And it actually happened again, with the fall of the Berlin wall.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
Now, I calculated how big was this international
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” 9.11 ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ „์—
09:57
economic system composed by crime,
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„, ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ, ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ
09:59
terror, and illegal economy,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ธ๊ฐ€
10:02
before 9-11.
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๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
And it is a staggering 1.5 trillion dollars.
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๊ทธ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” 1,500์กฐ ์›์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
It is trillions, it's not billions.
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์–ต ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์กฐ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
This is about twice the GDP of the United Kingdom,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ GDP์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
soon will be more,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ–ฅ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:16
considering where this country is going.
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๊ณง ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:21
Now, until 9-11,
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9.11 ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€,
10:23
the bulk of all this money
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์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ด
10:25
flew into the U.S. economy
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ํŽธ์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
because the bulk of the money was denominated in U.S. dollars
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด ๋ˆ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋ช…๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:31
and the money laundering was taking place
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ธํƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ
10:34
inside the United States.
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์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
The entry point, of course, of most of this money
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด ๋ˆ์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋Š”
10:39
were the off-shore facilities.
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ํ•ด์™ธ ์‹œ์„ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
So, this was a vital injection of cash
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์ด ๋ˆ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:45
into the U.S. economy.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
Now, when I went to look at the figures of the U.S. money supply,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ตํ™” ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:53
the U.S. money supply is the amount
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ตํ™” ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋Ÿ‰์€
10:55
of dollars that the Federal Reserve
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์ค‘์•™ ์€ํ–‰์ด ๋งค๋…„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”
10:58
prints every year
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๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ
11:00
in order to satisfy
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์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”
11:02
the increase in the demand for dollars,
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ํ†ตํ™”๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
which, of course, reflects the growth
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„
11:07
of the economy.
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๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
So, when I went to look at those figures, I noted that since the late 1960s
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ํ†ตํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ,
11:13
a growing number of these dollars
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์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€
11:17
was actually leaving the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
11:19
never to come back.
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๋˜๋Œ์•„์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
These were money taken out
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์ด ๋ˆ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ํ˜น์€ ์ฝ˜ํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ,
11:24
in suitcases or in containers, in cash of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ˜„์ฐฐ๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
These were money taken out by criminals and money launderers.
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋“ค ํ˜น์€ ๋ˆ ์„ธํƒ์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋นผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
These were money taken out to fund
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์ด ์œ ์ถœ๋œ ๋ˆ์€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
11:34
the growth of the terror,
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ
11:36
illegal and criminal economy.
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ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
So, you see, what is the relationship?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:44
The United States actually is a country
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
that is the reserve currency of the world.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
What does it mean? That means that
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
11:54
it has a privilege that other countries do not have.
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํŠน๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ,
11:57
It can borrow against the total amount of dollars
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์œ ํ†ต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์–‘์„
12:01
in circulation in the world.
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๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
This privilege is called seigniorage.
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์ด ํŠน๊ถŒ์„ ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ ˆ์ง€ (์—ญ์ฃผ:ํ™”ํ์˜ ์•ก๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ธ์‡„ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ต)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
No other country can do that.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
All the other countries, for example the United Kingdom,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ์€
12:11
can borrow only against the amount of money
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ์˜ ์–‘๋งŒํผ
12:15
in circulation inside its own borders.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
So, here is the implication of the relationship
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃ„, ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€
12:21
between the worlds of crime, terror, and illegal economy, and our economy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
The U.S. in the 1990s
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1990๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€
12:29
was borrowing against the growth
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ, ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ
12:31
of the terror, illegal and criminal economy.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
This is how close we are with this world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋งŒํผ ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
Now, this situation changed, of course, after 9-11,
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๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ 9.11ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
because George Bush launched the War on Terror.
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์กฐ์ง€ ๋ถ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์™€์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Part of the War on Terror
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์™€์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
12:47
was the introduction of the Patriot Act.
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์• ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ(Patriot Act)์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
Now, many of you know that the Patriot Act
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์ด์ œ, ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์• ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€
12:52
is a legislation that greatly reduces
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
12:55
the liberties of Americans in order to protect them
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๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ
12:58
against terrorism.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์ด ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
But there is a section of the Patriot Act
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”
13:02
which refers specifically to finance.
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์• ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
And it is, in fact, an anti-money-laundering legislation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ˆ ์„ธํƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
What the Patriot Act did was
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์• ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
13:10
to prohibit U.S. bank,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์€ํ–‰๊ณผ
13:12
and U.S.-registered foreign banks
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ์™ธ๊ตญ๊ณ„ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด
13:14
from doing any businesses with off-shore facilities.
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ํ•ด์™ธ ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
It closed that door between the money laundering
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธํƒ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
13:21
in dollars, and the U.S. economy.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
It also gave the U.S. monetary authorities
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธˆ์œต ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด
13:29
the right to monitor any dollar transaction
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ
13:32
taking place anywhere in the world.
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๊ฐ์‹œํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
Now, you can imagine what was the reaction of the international
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๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
finance and banking.
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๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
All the bankers said to their clients,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์€ํ–‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ
13:43
"Get out of the dollars and go and invest somewhere else."
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"๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
Now, the Euro was a newly born currency
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์ด์ œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ ์œ ๋กœํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
13:49
of great opportunity for business, and, of course, for investment.
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ†ตํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
And this is what people did.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
Nobody wants the U.S. monetary authority
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์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ธˆ์œต ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด
13:57
to check their relationship,
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์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
13:59
to monitor their relationship with their clientele.
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ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
The same thing happened, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์™€
14:05
in the world of crime and terror.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
14:09
People simply moved their money-laundering activities
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆ ์„ธํƒ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ
14:14
away from the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์œผ๋กœ
14:17
into Europe.
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์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
Why did this happen? This happened because
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์™œ ์ด ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‚˜๊ณ ์š”? ์ด ์ผ์€ ์• ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด
14:22
the Patriot Act was a unilateral legislation.
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์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์˜ ์ œ์ •์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
It was introduced only in the United States.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
And it was introduced only for the U.S. dollars.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
In Europe, a similar legislation
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด
14:32
was not introduced.
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๋„์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
So, within six months
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ์ฑ„ 6๊ฐœ์›”์ด
14:36
Europe became the epicenter
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์•ˆ ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„
14:38
of the money-laundering activities
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๋ˆ ์„ธํƒ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€
14:41
of the world.
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๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
So, this is how incredible are the relationship
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„, ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€,
14:48
between the world of crime
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€
14:50
and the world of terror,
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๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ
14:52
and our own life.
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๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
So, why did I tell you this story?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค ๋“œ๋ ธ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:57
I told you this story because you
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์ด ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
14:59
must understand that there is a world
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์‹ ๋ฌธ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜๋Š”
15:02
that goes well beyond the headlines of the newspapers,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
including the personal relationship that you have
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
with friends and family.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
You got to question everything that is told to you,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
including what I just told you today.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:18
This is the only way for you
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
15:20
to step into the dark side, and have a look at it.
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์–ด๋‘์šด ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
And believe me,
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์ ˆ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์„ธ์š”,
15:25
it's going to be scary.
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๋ฌด์„œ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
It's going to be frightful, but it's going to enlighten you.
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๊ฒ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊นจ์šฐ์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
And, above all, it's not going to be boring.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค, ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:35
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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