Elizabeth Murchison: Fighting a contagious cancer

48,617 views ・ 2011-09-22

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Kyo young Chu κ²€ν† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:15
Everyone's familiar with cancer,
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” 암에 λŒ€ν•΄ μΉœμˆ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:19
but we don't normally think of cancer
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일반적으둜 암이
00:21
as being a contagious disease.
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전염성이 μžˆλŠ” 병이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ§„ μ•Šμ£ 
00:25
The Tasmanian devil has shown us
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ μ‚¬λ‘€λŠ”
00:27
that, not only can cancer be a contagious disease,
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 암이 전염병이 될 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
00:30
but it can also threaten
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암이 ν•œ μ’…μ‘± 전체λ₯Ό λ©Έμ’…μœΌλ‘œ
00:32
an entire species with extinction.
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λͺ°μ•„κ°ˆ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:36
So first of all, what is a Tasmanian devil?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:40
Many of you might be familiar with Taz, the cartoon character,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€
00:43
the one that spins around and around and around.
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κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λΉ™κΈ€λΉ™κΈ€ λ„λŠ” λ§Œν™” 캐릭터 νƒœμ¦ˆμ™€λŠ” μΉœμˆ™ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:45
But not many people know
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έ λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 이름이
00:47
that there actually is a real animal called the Tasmanian devil,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ΄λΌλŠ”κ±Έ μ•„μ‹œλŠ” 뢄은 λ§Žμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌμ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:50
and it's the world's largest carnivorous marsupial.
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또 이 동물은 μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μœ‘μ‹ μœ λŒ€λͺ©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:54
A marsupial is a mammal with a pouch
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μœ λŒ€λͺ©μ΄λž€ μΊ₯거루처럼
00:56
like a kangaroo.
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μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆλ₯Ό 가진 포유λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:58
The Tasmanian devil got its name
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ΄λΌλŠ” 이름은
01:00
from the terrifying nocturnal scream that it makes.
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그듀이 밀에 λ‚΄λŠ” 곡포슀러운 μ†Œλ¦¬ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ§€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:04
(Screaming)
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(울음 μ†Œλ¦¬)
01:15
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:17
The Tasmanian devil is predominantly a scavenger,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블은 주둜 썩은 동물을 λ¨ΉλŠ” 짐승이고,
01:20
and it uses its powerful jaws
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κ°•ν•œ ν„±κ³Ό λ‚ μΉ΄λ‘œμš΄ 이빨을 μ΄μš©ν•΄
01:22
and its sharp teeth
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μ©μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 죽은 λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 뼈λ₯Ό
01:24
to chomp on the bones of rotting dead animals.
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μ”Ήμ–΄ λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:27
[The] Tasmanian devil is found only on the island of Tasmania,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블은
01:30
which is that small island
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호주 남μͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ 섬인
01:32
just to the south of the mainland of Australia.
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ μ„¬μ—μ„œλ§Œ μ„œμ‹ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:34
And despite their ferocious appearance,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ¬΄μ„­κ²Œ 생긴 외양에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ ,
01:38
Tasmanian devils are actually
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” κ½€λ‚˜ μ‚¬λž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄
01:40
quite adorable little animals.
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μž‘μ€ λ™λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:43
In fact, growing up in Tasmania,
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사싀 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ μ„¬μ—μ„œ μžλΌλ©΄μ„œ,
01:45
it always was incredibly exciting
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μ•Όμƒμ˜ νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블을
01:47
when we got a chance to see
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λ³Ό 기회λ₯Ό 얻을 λ•ŒλŠ”
01:49
a Tasmanian devil in the wild.
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항상 믿을 수 μ—†κ²Œ ν₯λΆ„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:51
But the Tasmanian devil population
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ κ°œμ²΄μˆ˜λŠ”
01:53
has been undergoing a really extremely fast decline.
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정말 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:57
And in fact, there's concern
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그리고 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이 쒅이
01:59
that the species could go extinct in the wild
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20λ…„μ—μ„œ 30λ…„ 사이에
02:02
within 20 to 30 years.
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μ•Όμƒμ—μ„œ 멸쒅될 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 염렀도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:05
And the reason for that
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κ·Έ 원인은
02:07
is the emergence of a new disease,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 병인
02:09
a contagious cancer.
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μ „μ—Όμ„± μ•”μ˜ μΆœν˜„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:13
The story begins in 1996
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이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 1996λ…„
02:15
when a wildlife photographer took this photograph here
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ν•œ 야생사진 μž‘κ°€κ°€
02:18
of a Tasmanian devil
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얼꡴에 큰 쒅양을 가진
02:20
with a large tumor on its face.
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ 사진을 μ°μœΌλ©΄μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:22
At the time, this was thought to be a one-off.
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— 이건 1회적인 ν˜„μƒμ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:25
Animals, just like humans,
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μΈκ°„λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ λ™λ¬Όμ—κ²Œλ„
02:27
sometimes get strange tumors.
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가끔씩 μ΄μƒν•œ 쒅양이 생긴닀고 말이죠
02:30
However, we now believe
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬ μ €ν¬λŠ” 이게
02:32
that this is the first sighting of a new disease,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 섬 전체에 퍼지고 μžˆλŠ”
02:35
which is now an epidemic spreading through Tasmania.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것이라고 λ―Ώκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:39
The disease was first sighted
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이 병은 1996λ…„ νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 섬 뢁동μͺ½μ—μ„œ
02:41
in the northeast of Tasmania in 1996
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처음 발견 λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
02:44
and has spread across Tasmania like a huge wave.
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큰 νŒŒλ„μ²˜λŸΌ 섬 전역에 걸쳐 퍼져 λ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:47
Now there's only a small part of the population,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ λ°λΈ”λ§Œμ΄
02:50
which remains unaffected.
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감염이 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ±„λ‘œ 남아 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:52
This disease appears first as tumors,
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이 병은 μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ”
02:55
usually on the face or inside the mouth
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κ°μ—Όλœ νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜
02:57
of affected Tasmanian devils.
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μ–Όκ΅΄μ΄λ‚˜ μž… μ•ˆ μͺ½μ— μ’…μ–‘μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:59
These tumors inevitably grow into larger tumors,
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이런 쒅양은 μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
03:02
such as these ones here.
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κ²°κ΅­ 더 큰 μ’…μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ μžλΌλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:04
And the next image I'm going to show
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μ œκ°€ λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ 사진은
03:06
is quite gruesome.
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κ½€λ‚˜ μ§•κ·ΈλŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:08
But inevitably, these tumors progress
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•˜κ²Œλ„ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 쒅양듀은
03:10
towards being enormous, ulcerating tumors like this one here.
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이 μ‚¬μ§„μ˜ 것과 같은 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ κΆ€μ–‘μ„± μ’…μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:16
This one in particular sticks in my mind,
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이 μ‚¬λ‘€λŠ” 특히 제 κΈ°μ–΅ 속에 κ°μΈλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:18
because this is the first case of this disease
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ μ œκ°€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λͺ©κ²©ν•œ
03:20
that I saw myself.
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이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ 첫 번째 μ‚¬λ‘€μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
And I remember the horror of seeing this little female devil
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그리고 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μž… μ•ˆμ— μ•…μ·¨κ°€ λ‚˜λŠ” κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 쒅양을 가진
03:25
with this huge ulcerating, foul-smelling tumor
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μ•„λž«ν„±μ΄ μ™„μ „νžˆ 망가진
03:27
inside her mouth
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이 μž‘μ€ μ•”μ»· 데블을 봀을 λ•Œμ˜
03:29
that had actually cracked off her entire lower jaw.
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κ·Έ λ”μ°ν•œ μž₯면을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:33
She hadn't eaten for days.
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κ·Έ 데블은 λ©°μΉ  λ™μ•ˆ 아무 것도 먹지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:36
Her guts were swimming with parasitic worms.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ‚΄μž₯μ—” 기생좩듀이 가득 μ°¨ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
03:38
Her body was riddled with secondary tumors.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λͺΈμ€ 2μ°¨ 쒅양이 λ²Œμ§‘μ²˜λŸΌ μ‚°μž¬ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:41
And yet, she was feeding three little baby Tasmanian devils
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  이 μ•”μ»· 데블은
03:44
in her pouch.
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자기 μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” μ„Έ 마리의 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ—κ²Œ 젖을 μ£Όκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:47
Of course, they died along with the mother.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μƒˆλΌλ“€ λ˜ν•œ μ—„λ§ˆ 데블과 같이 μ£½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:50
They were too young to survive without their mother.
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μƒˆλΌλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ―Έ 없이 μ‚΄μ•„κ°€κΈ°μ—” λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ–΄λ Έμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”
03:53
In fact, in the area where she comes from,
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사싀 κ·Έ μ–΄λ―Έ 데블이 발견된 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:56
more than 90 percent of the Tasmanian devil population
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90% μ΄μƒμ˜ νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블이
03:59
has already died of this disease.
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이 λ³‘μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ£½μŒμ„ λ§žμ΄ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:02
Scientists around the world
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄
04:04
were intrigued by this cancer,
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블을 톡해 μ „μ—Όλ˜λŠ”
04:06
this infectious cancer,
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이 μ „μ—Όμ„± 암에
04:08
that was spreading through the Tasmanian devil population.
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관심을 κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:11
And our minds immediately turned to cervical cancer in women,
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그리고 μ €ν¬λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ‘œ 인해 전염이 λ˜λŠ”
04:14
which is spread by a virus,
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μ—¬μ„±μ˜ μžκΆκ²½λΆ€μ•”κ³Ό
04:16
and to the AIDS epidemic,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ•”κ³Ό 연관이 μžˆλŠ”
04:18
which is associated with a number of different types of cancer.
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AIDS의 ν™•μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ λˆˆμ„ λŒλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:22
All the evidence suggested that this devil cancer
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λͺ¨λ“  증거듀이 이 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ 암이
04:25
was spread by a virus.
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ‘œ 인해 μ „μ—Όλœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 말해주고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:28
However, we now know -- and I'll tell you right now --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ μ§€κΈˆ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μ§€λ§Œ, μ €ν¬λŠ” 이제
04:31
that we know that this cancer is not spread by a virus.
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이 암이 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ‘œ 인해 μ „μ—Όλ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•„ λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:34
In fact, the infectious agent of disease in this cancer
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사싀 이 암을 μ „μ—Όμ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ§€κ°œμ²΄λŠ”
04:38
is something altogether more sinister,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀보닀 ν•΄λ‘­κ³ ,
04:40
and something that we hadn't really thought of before.
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저희가 μ΄λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:43
But in order for me to explain what that is,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ 그게 무엇인지λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
04:46
I need to spend just a couple of minutes
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μž μ‹œ λ™μ•ˆ μ•” μžμ²΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
04:48
talking more about cancer itself.
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μ œκ°€ λͺ‡ 가지 더 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:51
Cancer is a disease
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μ•”μ΄λΌλŠ” 것은 맀년 μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ
04:53
that affects millions of people around the world every year.
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수 백만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” λ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:56
One in three people in this room
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μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 3λΆ„μ˜ 1은
04:58
will develop cancer at some stage in their lives.
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인생에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œκ±΄ 암에 걸릴 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:01
I myself had a tumor removed from my large intestine
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μ € μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œλ„ 14μ‚΄ λ•Œμ—
05:03
when I was only 14.
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λŒ€μž₯에 μžˆλŠ” 쒅양을 μ œκ±°ν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:06
Cancer occurs
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암은
05:08
when a single cell in your body
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우리 λͺΈμ— μžˆλŠ” ν•œ 세포가
05:10
acquires a set of random mutations in important genes
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ μœ μ „μžμ—
05:13
that cause that cell to start to produce
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μ–΄λ–€ 변이가 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜
05:16
more and more and more copies of itself.
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자기 μžμ‹ μ„ 무수히 μ¦μ‹μ‹œν‚¬ λ•Œ μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€
05:20
Paradoxically, once established,
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μ—­μ„€μ μ΄κ²Œλ„, 이런 변이가 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ 되면
05:23
natural selection actually favors
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μžμ—° 선택은 μ•”μ˜ μ„±μž₯을
05:25
the continued growth of cancer.
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였히렀 μ„ ν˜Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:27
Natural selection is survival of the fittest.
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μžμ—° μ„ νƒμ΄λž€ μ μžμƒμ‘΄μ΄λž€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:30
And when you have a population of fast-dividing cancer cells,
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 신체에 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜λŠ” 암세포가 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
05:33
if one of them acquires new mutations,
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κ·Έ μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λ₯Ό 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ ,
05:35
which allow them to grow more quickly,
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μ˜μ–‘λΆ„μ„ 더 많이 λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄κ²Œ ν•˜λ©°,
05:37
acquire nutrients more successfully,
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신체λ₯Ό μΉ¨νˆ¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
05:39
invade the body,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 변이λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄,
05:41
they'll be selected for by evolution.
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μ§„ν™”μ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ κ·Έ 세포듀이 μ„ νƒλ˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:44
That's why cancer is such a difficult disease to treat.
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이 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 암이 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ 병이 된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:48
It evolves.
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암은 μ§„ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:50
Throw a drug at it,
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암에 λ§žλŠ” 약을 νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜λ©΄
05:52
and resistant cells will grow back.
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μ €ν•­ 세포가 λ‹€μ‹œ μƒκ²¨λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:55
An amazing fact is that,
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 사싀은
05:57
given the right environment and the right nutrients,
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μ λ‹Ήν•œ ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό μ˜μ–‘λΆ„μ΄ μ£Όμ–΄μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ
06:00
a cancer cell has the potential
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μ•”μ„Έν¬λŠ” λ¬΄ν•œνžˆ 증식할 수 μžˆλŠ”
06:02
to go on growing forever.
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잠재λ ₯을 μ§€λ…”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:05
However cancer is constrained
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 암은 우리 λͺΈ μ•ˆμ—
06:07
by living inside our bodies,
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μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ μ œν•œμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:09
and its continued growth,
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그리고 μ•”μ˜ 계속적인 μ„±μž₯,
06:11
its spreading through our bodies
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우리의 신체λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ λ²ˆμ‹,
06:13
and eating away at our tissues,
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또 우리의 세포쑰직λ₯Ό μΉ¨μ‹ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€
06:15
leads to the death of the cancer patient
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μ•”ν™˜μžλ₯Ό 죽음으둜 이끌고,
06:18
and also to the death of the cancer itself.
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μ•” μžμ‹  λ˜ν•œ 죽음으둜 μ΄λ•λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:22
So cancer could be thought of
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 암은 진화적인 죽음으둜 κ·€κ²°λ˜λŠ”
06:24
as a strange, short-lived, self-destructive life form --
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μ΄μƒν•˜κ³ , 짧게 μ‚¬λŠ”, 자기 파괴적인 μ‚Άμ˜ ν˜•νƒœλΌκ³ 
06:29
an evolutionary dead end.
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생각될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:33
But that is where the Tasmanian devil cancer
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것이 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ 암이
06:35
has acquired an absolutely amazing
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μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ λ†€λΌμš΄ 진화둠적 적응을
06:38
evolutionary adaptation.
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νšλ“ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:41
And the answer came from studying
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그리고 해닡은
06:43
the Tasmanian devil cancer's DNA.
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€μ΄λ‹ˆμ–Έ λ°λΈ”μ˜ DNA 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 μ–»μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:45
This was work from many people,
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μ΄λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όμ§€λ§Œ,
06:47
but I'm going to explain it through a confirmatory experiment
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μ œκ°€ λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „ ν–‰ν–ˆλ˜ 확증적 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 톡해
06:49
that I did a few years ago.
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그것을 μ„€λͺ… λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:51
The next slide is going to be gruesome.
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λ‹€μŒμ— 보싀 μž₯면은 μ’€ λ”μ°ν• κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:54
This is Jonas.
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이 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€μ΄λ‹ˆμ–Έ λ°λΈ”μ˜ 이름은 μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:56
He's a Tasmanian devil that we found
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κ·Έκ°€ 얼꡴에 큰 쒅양을 가진것을
06:59
with a large tumor on his face.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:01
And being a geneticist,
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μœ μ „ν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ
07:03
I'm always interested to look at DNA and mutations.
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μ €λŠ” 항상 DNA와 변이λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ”λ° 관심이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:06
So I took this opportunity
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „ 이번 κΈ°νšŒμ—
07:08
to collect some samples from Jonas' tumor
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μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€μ˜ μ’…μ–‘κ³Ό
07:10
and also some samples from other parts of his body.
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κ·Έ μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ€μœ„μ—μ„œλ„ μ•½κ°„μ˜ μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ μ±„μ·¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:13
I took these back to the lab.
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μ „ 이 μƒ˜ν”Œλ“€μ„ μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€λ‘œ 가지고 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:15
I extracted DNA from them.
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ DNAλ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ
07:17
And when I looked at the sequence of the DNA,
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κ·Έ DNA의 μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³ ,
07:20
and compared the sequence of Jonas' tumor
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μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€μ˜ μ’…μ–‘ μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄μ„
07:23
to that of the rest of his body,
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κ·Έ μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λΆ€μœ„μ˜ 것과 λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
07:25
I discovered that they had a completely different genetic profile.
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그것듀이 μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μœ μ „μ  정보λ₯Ό λ‹΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:30
In fact, Jonas and his tumor
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€μ˜ λͺΈκ³Ό
07:32
were as different from each other
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그의 쒅양은
07:35
as you and the person sitting next to you.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό μ˜†μ— μ•Šμ•„μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ DNA λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ λ‹¬λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:38
What this told us was that Jonas' tumor
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이 사싀이 μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ”
07:41
did not arise from cells of his own body.
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μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€μ˜ 쒅양이 그의 λͺΈμ—μ„œ μžλΌλ‚œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:44
In fact, more genetic profiling
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더 λ§Žμ€ μœ μ „ 정보 검사λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
07:47
told us that this tumor in Jonas
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€μ˜ λͺΈμ— μžˆλŠ” 이 쒅양이
07:49
actually probably first arose
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ•”μ»· νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ
07:51
from the cells of a female Tasmanian devil --
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처음으둜 λ°œμƒν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
and Jonas was clearly a male.
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그리고 μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€λŠ” λͺ…λ°±νžˆ μˆ˜μ»·μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:55
So how come
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λ„λŒ€μ²΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
07:57
a tumor that arose from the cells of another individual
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°œμ²΄μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•œ 쒅양이
08:00
is growing on Jonas' face?
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μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€μ˜ μ–Όκ΅΄μ—μ„œ 자라게 된 κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
08:03
Well the next breakthrough
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ˜ λŒνŒŒκ΅¬λŠ”
08:05
came from studying hundreds of Tasmanian devil cancers
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 섬 전역에 걸친
08:08
from all around Tasmania.
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수백 건의 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ 암을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ°œκ²¬λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
We found that all of these cancers
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ“  암이
08:12
shared the same DNA.
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λ™μΌν•œ DNAλ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:14
Think about that for a minute.
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μž μ‹œ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”
08:16
That means that all of these cancers
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그것은 λͺ¨λ“  암이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
08:18
actually are the same cancer
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κ·Έ 첫번째 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ μ‹ μ²΄μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•œ 암이
08:20
that arose once from one individual devil,
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κ·Έ ν•œ 마리의 κ°œλ³„μ μΈ λ°λΈ”μ˜ λͺΈμ—μ„œ 일단 λ°œμƒν•˜μ—¬,
08:23
that have broken free of that first devil's body
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μ „μ²΄μ˜ νƒœμ¦ˆλ©”λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블 개체λ₯Ό 톡해 κ°μ—Όμ‹œν‚¨ λͺ¨λ“  μ•”κ³Ό
08:26
and spread through the entire Tasmanian devil population.
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사싀은 같은 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:30
But how can a cancer spread in a population?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 암이 개체ꡰ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 퍼질 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
08:33
Well the final piece of the puzzle came
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κ·Έ 퍼즐의 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 쑰각은 저희가 μ•Όμƒμ˜ νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블이
08:35
when we remember how devils behave when they meet each other in the wild.
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μ•Όμƒμ—μ„œ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬μ„ λ•Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 짜 λ§žμΆ°μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:38
They tend to bite each other,
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그듀은 μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ¬΄λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:40
often quite ferociously and usually on the face.
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λ•Œλ‘  κ½€λ‚˜ κ²©λ ¬ν•˜κ²Œ, 일반적으둜 얼꡴을 말이죠
08:43
We think that cancer cells
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 암세포가 μ’…μ–‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
08:46
actually come off the tumor, get into the saliva.
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λ–¨μ–΄μ Έλ‚˜μ™€ 타앑에 μ„žμ΄κ²Œ 된 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:49
When the devil bites another devil,
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κ°μ—Όλœ 데블이 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°λΉŒμ„ λ¬Ό λ•Œ,
08:51
it actually physically implants living cancer cells into the next devil,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” 암세포λ₯Ό 물리적으둜 λ‹€μŒ λ°λΈ”μ—κ²Œ μ£Όμž…ν•˜κ²Œ 되고,
08:54
so the tumor continues to grow.
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이둜 인해 쒅양은 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 자라게 λ˜λŠ” 것이죠
08:56
So this Tasmanian devil cancer
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 이 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ΄λΌλŠ” 암은
08:58
is perhaps the ultimate cancer.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 암인 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:00
It's not constrained by living within the body that gave rise to it.
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이 암은 μžμ‹ μ„ λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚¨ κ·Έ 신체 λ‚΄μ—μ„œλ§Œ μ‚¬λŠ” 것에 μ œν•œλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:03
It spreads through the population,
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그것은 μ „ 개체ꡰ 사이에 퍼지고,
09:05
has mutations that allow it to evade the immune system,
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λ©΄μ—­ 체계λ₯Ό 무λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 변이도 가지고 있으며,
09:08
and it's the only cancer that we know of
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저희가 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ•” μ€‘μ—μ„œ
09:10
that's threatening an entire species with extinction.
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μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ „μ²΄μ˜ ν•œ 쒅쑱을을 λ©Έμ’…μœΌλ‘œ λͺ°μ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ„ν˜‘μ μΈ μ•”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:14
But if this can happen in Tasmanian devils,
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그런데 이 암이 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ—κ²Œμ„œ 생길 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
09:17
why hasn't it happened in other animals
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μ™œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ™λ¬Όμ΄λ‚˜
09:19
or even humans?
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μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ² 생기지 μ•Šμ€ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
09:21
Well the answer is, it has.
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그것에 λŒ€ν•œ 정닡은, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…μ‘±μ—κ²Œλ„ μƒκ²Όλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:25
This is Kimbo.
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이 개의 이름은 ν‚΄λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:27
He's a dog that belongs to a family in Mombasa in Kenya.
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ν‚΄λ³΄λŠ” μΌ€λƒμ˜ λͺΈλ°”사에 μžˆλŠ” ν•œ κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:31
Last year, his owner noticed some blood
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μž‘λ…„μ— ν‚΄λ³΄μ˜ 주인은 ν‚΄λ³΄μ˜ 생식기 μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ
09:34
trickling from his genital region.
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ν”Όκ°€ 뚝뚝 λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ±Έ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:37
She took him to the vet
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 킴보λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ 데렀갔고,
09:39
and the vet discovered something quite disgusting.
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μˆ˜μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ—­κ²¨μš΄ 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:42
And if you're squeamish, please look away now.
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λΉ„μœ„κ°€ μ•½ν•˜μ‹  뢄듀은 이제 λˆˆμ„ λŒλ €μ£Όμ„Έμš”
09:45
He discovered this,
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μˆ˜μ˜μ‚¬λŠ”
09:47
a huge bleeding tumor
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ν‚΄λ³΄μ˜ μ„±κΈ° λΆ€κ·Όμ—μ„œ
09:49
at the base of Kimbo's penis.
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μ»€λ‹€λž—κ³  ν”Όκ°€ λ‚˜λŠ” 쒅양을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:53
The vet diagnosed this as transmissible venereal tumor,
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μˆ˜μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” 이 쒅양을 전이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ„±λ³‘μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ§„λ‹¨ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
09:56
a sexually transmitted cancer
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κ°œμ—κ²Œ 감염이 λ˜λŠ”
09:59
that affects dogs.
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μ„±κ΅λ‘œ 전염이 λ˜λŠ” μ•”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:01
And just as the Tasmanian devil cancer is contagious
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그리고 νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ 암이
10:04
through the spread of living cancer cells,
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μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” μ•”μ„Έν¬μ˜ 전이λ₯Ό 톡해 감염이 λ˜λ“―μ΄,
10:06
so is this dog cancer.
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이 암도 κ°œλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ „μ΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:08
But this dog cancer is quite remarkable,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 κ°œκ°€ κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” 암은 μ•„μ£Ό μ£Όλͺ©ν•  λ§Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:10
because it spread all around the world.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ „ 세계에 퍼쑌기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ 
10:12
And in fact, these same cells
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그리고 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ—¬κΈ° 이 킴보λ₯Ό
10:14
that are affecting Kimbo here
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κ°μ—Όμ‹œν‚¨ 세포와
10:17
are also found affecting dogs
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λ™μΌν•œ 것이
10:19
in New York City,
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λ‰΄μš•μ—μ„œλ„,
10:21
in mountain villages in the Himalayas
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νžˆλ§λΌμ•Όμ˜ 산골 λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„œλ„,
10:23
and in Outback Australia.
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그리고 호주의 μ•„μ›ƒλ°±μ—μ„œλ„ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:26
We also believe this cancer might be very old.
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λ˜ν•œ μ €ν¬λŠ” 이 암이 μ•„μ£Ό μ˜€λž˜λ˜μ—ˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:28
In fact, genetic profiling tells
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ €ν¬λŠ” μœ μ „μ •λ³΄λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
10:30
that it may be tens of thousands of years old,
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이 암이 수만 λ…„ μ „ λ„€μ•ˆλ°λ₯΄νƒˆμΈκ³Ό
10:33
which means that this cancer
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같은 μ‹œλŒ€μ— μ‚΄λ˜
10:35
may have first arisen
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ν•œ λŠ‘λŒ€μ—κ²Œμ„œ
10:37
from the cells of a wolf
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처음 λ°œμƒν–ˆμ„μ§€λ„
10:39
that lived alongside the Neanderthals.
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λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:42
This cancer is remarkable.
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이 암은 λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:44
It's the oldest mammalian-derived life form that we know of.
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μ΄λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 였래된 포유λ₯˜μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν•œ 생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ ν˜•νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:48
It's a living relic
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μ΄λŠ” λ¨Ό κ³Όκ±°μ—μ„œ 온
10:50
of the distant past.
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μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” μœ λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:54
So we've seen that this can happen in animals.
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이제 λ™λ¬Όμ—μ„œλ„ 이런 일이 일어날 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:56
Could cancers be contagious between people?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이런 암듀이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ 전염성이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:01
Well this is a question
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이 질문이 λ°”λ‘œ
11:03
which fascinated Chester Southam,
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1950λ…„ λŒ€μ— μ•” μ „λ¬Έμ˜
11:05
a cancer doctor in the 1950s.
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μ²΄μŠ€ν„° μ„œλ€μ˜ 관심을 λΆ™μž‘μ€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:08
Ad he decided to put this to the test
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그리고 κ·ΈλŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ˜λ„μ μœΌλ‘œ
11:11
by actually deliberately inoculating people
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 암을 ν”Όν—˜μžμ—κ²Œ μ£Όμž…ν•˜λŠ” 것을 톡해
11:14
with cancer from somebody else.
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이것을 μ‹€ν—˜ν•΄ 보기둜 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:17
And this is a photograph of Dr. Southam in 1957
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그리고 이 사진은 1957λ…„ μ„œλ€ 박사가
11:21
injecting cancer into a volunteer,
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μ˜€ν•˜μ΄μ˜€ 주립 κ΅λ„μ†Œμ—μ„œ
11:24
who in this case was an inmate
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ν•œ μžμ›ν•œ μˆ˜κ°μžμ—κ²Œ
11:26
in Ohio State Penitentiary.
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암을 μ£Όμ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:30
Most of the people that Dr. Southam injected
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μ„œλ€ 박사가 암을 μ£Όμ‚¬ν•œ
11:32
did not go on to develop cancer
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ—κ²Œμ„œ
11:34
from the injected cells.
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암이 λ°œμ „ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:36
But a small number of them did,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일뢀 μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œλŠ” 암이 λ°œμ „ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
11:38
and they were mostly people who were otherwise ill --
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그듀은 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 병든, λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄
11:41
whose immune systems were probably compromised.
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λ©΄μ—­ 체계가 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™μ„ μ•ˆν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:46
What this tells us,
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이 μ‹€ν—˜μ΄ μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ”,
11:48
ethical issues aside,
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도덕적인 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ œμ™Έν•˜κ΅¬μš”,
11:50
is that ...
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λ°”λ‘œ
11:52
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:54
it's probably extremely rare
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 암이 μ „μ—Όλ˜λŠ” 것은
11:57
for cancers to be transferred between people.
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맀우 ν¬λ°•ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:01
However, under some circumstances,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νŠΉμ • 쑰건 ν•˜μ—μ„œλŠ”
12:03
it can happen.
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λ°œμƒ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:06
And I think that this is something
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그리고 μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ—” 미래의
12:08
that oncologists and epidemiologists
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μ’…μ–‘ν•™μžμ™€ 전염병을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
12:10
should be aware of in the future.
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이λ₯Ό 염두에 두어야 ν•  것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:13
So just finally,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ,
12:15
cancer is an inevitable outcome
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암은
12:17
of the ability of our cells
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세포가 λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜κ³ 
12:19
to divide
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ν™˜κ²½μ— μ μ‘ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯μ—μ„œ
12:21
and to adapt to their environments.
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μ˜€λŠ” λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:24
But that does not mean that we should give up hope
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•”κ³Όμ˜ μ‹Έμ›€μ—μ„œ
12:27
in the fight against cancer.
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희망의 λˆμ„ 놓아야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 말은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:29
In fact, I believe, given more knowledge
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사싀 μ €λŠ”, 이것은 μ•”μ˜ μ„±μž₯을 μœ λ„ν•˜λŠ”
12:31
of the complex evolutionary processes that drive cancer's growth,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 진화 과정에 λŒ€ν•œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 지식이 주어진닀면,
12:34
we can defeat cancer.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 암을 정볡할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:37
My personal aim
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제 개인적인 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ”
12:39
is to defeat the Tasmanian devil cancer.
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ λ°λΈ”μ˜ 암을 κ·Όμ ˆμ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
Let's prevent the Tasmanian devil
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜
12:45
from being the first animal
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νƒœμ¦ˆλ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ 데블이
12:47
to go extinct from cancer.
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μ•”μœΌλ‘œ 인해 λ©Έμ’…λœ 첫 동물이 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ£Όμ„Έμš”!
12:49
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:51
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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