Jonathan Drori: Why we're storing billions of seeds

48,857 views ใƒป 2009-05-28

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sanghoon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Taeho Kim
00:12
All human life,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์€,
00:14
all life, depends on plants.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ถ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Let me try to convince you of that in a few seconds.
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๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ์•ˆ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ™•์‹ ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:21
Just think for a moment.
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์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:23
It doesn't matter whether you live in a small African village,
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์ž‘์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋งˆ์„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ ,
00:26
or you live in a big city,
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๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ ,
00:28
everything comes back to plants in the end:
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
whether it's for the food, the medicine,
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์‹์šฉ, ์•ฝ์šฉ, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์šฉ, ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ, ์˜๋ณต์šฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:32
the fuel, the construction, the clothing, all the obvious things;
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋“ ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ์ •์‹ ์ ์ด๋‚˜
00:35
or whether it's for the spiritual and recreational things
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์žฌ์ถฉ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
00:38
that matter to us so much;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
or whether it's soil formation,
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ํ† ์–‘์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
00:42
or the effect on the atmosphere,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:44
or primary production.
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1์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Damn it, even the books here are made out of plants.
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”! ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…๋“ค๋„ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
All these things, they come back to plants.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
And without them we wouldn't be here.
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์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Now plants are under threat.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
They're under threat because of changing climate.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:59
And they are also under threat because they are sharing a planet
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:01
with people like us.
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์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:03
And people like us want to do things that destroy plants,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์„œ์‹์ฒ˜๋ฅผ
01:06
and their habitats.
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ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
And whether that's because of food production,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด๋“ ,
01:10
or because of the introduction of alien plants
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์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์—
01:13
into places that they really oughtn't be,
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์™ธ๋ž˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“ ,
01:16
or because of habitats being used for other purposes --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์‹์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“ ,
01:19
all these things are meaning that plants have to adapt,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:23
or die, or move.
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์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
And plants sometimes find it rather difficult to move
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋„์‹œ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
01:28
because there might be cities and other things in the way.
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์ด๋™์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ข…์ข… ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
So if all human life depends on plants,
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์ž ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์— ์˜์กดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:34
doesn't it make sense that perhaps we should try to save them?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:36
I think it does.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
And I want to tell you about a project to save plants.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
And the way that you save plants
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
01:43
is by storing seeds.
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์”จ์•—์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:45
Because seeds, in all their diverse glory,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ตœ์ •์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
01:49
are plants' futures.
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์”จ์•—์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
All the genetic information for future generations of plants
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
01:54
are held in seeds.
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์”จ์•—์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
So here is the building;
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
it looks rather unassuming, really.
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๋‹ค์†Œ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
But it goes down below ground many stories.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€ํ•˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธต ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
And it's the largest seed bank in the world.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์”จ์•— ์€ํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
It exists not only in southern England,
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๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์—๋งŒ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
02:08
but distributed around the world. I'll come to that.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:11
This is a nuclear-proof facility.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
God forbid that it should have to withstand that.
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ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์—๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
So if you're going to build a seed bank, you have to decide
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์”จ์•— ์€ํ–‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
02:18
what you're going to store in it. Right?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ €์žฅํ• ์ง€ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
02:20
And we decided that what we want to store first of all,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์ข…์„
02:22
are the species that are most under threat.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
And those are the dry land species.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ๋•…์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ’ˆ์ข…๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
So first of all we did deals
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๋จผ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 50๊ฐœ๊ตญ๊ณผ
02:30
with 50 different countries.
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์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
It means negotiating with heads of state,
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์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋„๋ถ€์™€ ํ˜‘์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ,
02:35
and with secretaries of state in 50 countries
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50๊ฐœ๊ตญ ์žฅ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์•ฝ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
02:37
to sign treaties.
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์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
We have 120 partner institutions all over the world,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 120 ๊ฐœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด
02:41
in all those countries colored orange.
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์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€์ƒ‰ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
People come from all over the world to learn,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
and then they go away and plan exactly how
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด ์”จ์•—๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
02:48
they're going to collect these seeds.
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๋ชจ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ณ„ํšํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
They have thousands of people all over the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:53
tagging places where those plants are said to exist.
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๊ฐ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
They search for them. They find them in flower.
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๊ทธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ , ๊ฝƒ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
And they go back when their seeds have arrived.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์”จ์•—์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
03:02
And they collect the seeds. All over the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์”จ์•—์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
The seeds -- some of if is very untechnical.
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์”จ์•—์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
You kind of shovel them all in to bags and dry them off.
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์‚ฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฃจ์— ๋‹ด๊ณ  ๊ฑด์กฐ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
You label them. You do some high-tech things here and there,
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์”จ์•—์— ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
some low-tech things here and there.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
And the main thing is that you have to dry them
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ผ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ
03:20
very carefully, at low temperature.
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์”จ์•—์„ ๊ฑด์กฐ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
And then you have to store them
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ›„์— ์„ญ์”จ ์˜ํ•˜ 20๋„์—์„œ
03:25
at about minus 20 degrees C --
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๋ณด๊ด€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
that's about minus four Fahrenheit, I think --
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ํ™”์”จ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ํ•˜ 4๋„ ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
with a very critically low moisture content.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
And these seeds will be able to germinate,
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์ด ์”จ์•—๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ์•„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:36
we believe, with many of the species,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์•„๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
03:39
in thousands of years,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ,
03:41
and certainly in hundreds of years.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
It's no good storing the seeds if you don't know they're still viable.
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๋ฐœ์•„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์”จ์•—์„ ์ €์žฅํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
So every 10 years we do germination tests
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 10๋…„ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์”จ์•— ํ‘œ๋ณธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:50
on every sample of seeds that we have.
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์•„ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
And this is a distributed network.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
So all around the world people are doing the same thing.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
And that enables us to develop germination protocols.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์•„ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
That means that we know the right combination of heat
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์ฆ‰, ์”จ์•—์„ ๋ฐœ์•„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
04:04
and cold and the cycles that you have to get
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๋”์œ„์™€ ์ถ”์œ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
04:06
to make the seed germinate.
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ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
And that is very useful information.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
And then we grow these things,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์•„๋œ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
and we tell people, back in the countries where these seeds have come from,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์”จ์•—์ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
"Look, actually we're not just storing this
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"๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:19
to get the seeds later,
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์”จ์•—์„ ์ €์žฅํžˆ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
04:21
but we can give you this information about
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๋ฐœ์•„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:23
how to germinate these difficult plants."
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
04:25
And that's already happening.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:27
So where have we got to?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€ ์™”๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
04:29
I am pleased to unveil that our three billionth seed --
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30์–ต ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ์”จ์•—, ๋ฐ”๋กœ 3,000 ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜
04:32
that's three thousand millionth seed --
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์”จ์•—์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
04:35
is now stored.
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๋ฐํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Ten percent of all plant species on the planet,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ข…์˜ 10%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
24,000 species are safe;
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24,000 ์ข…์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
30,000 species, if we get the funding, by next year.
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๋‚ด๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์›๊ธˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, 30,000 ์ข…์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Twenty-five percent of all the world's plants, by 2020.
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2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ 25%๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
These are not just crop plants,
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๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ์Šค๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋ฅด ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
04:52
as you might have seen stored in Svalbard in Norway --
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๊ณก๋ฌผ์šฉ ์‹๋ฌผ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
fantastic work there.
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ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:57
This is at least 100 times bigger.
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์ ์–ด๋„ 100 ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋” ํฌ์ฃ .
05:00
We have thousands of collections that have been sent out
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ข…์ž๋ฅผ
05:03
all over the world:
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
drought-tolerant forest species sent to Pakistan and Egypt;
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๊ฐ€๋ญ„ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์šฉ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
especially photosynthetic-efficient plants
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์€
05:12
come here to the United States;
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
salt-tolerant pasture species sent to Australia;
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์—ผ๋ถ„ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€์šฉ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
the list goes on and on.
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์ด ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
These seeds are used for restoration.
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์ด ์”จ์•—๋“ค์€ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
So in habitats that have already been damaged,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์„œ์‹์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์†์ƒ๋œ
05:25
like the tall grass prairie here in the USA,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์žฅ๊ฒฝ์ดˆ์›๊ณผ
05:28
or in mined land in various countries,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
05:30
restoration is already happening because of these species --
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์ด ํ’ˆ์ข…๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
and because of this collection.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
Some of these plants, like the ones on the bottom
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ค‘์—๋Š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์—
05:38
to the left of your screen,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ํ™”๋ฉด ์™ผ์ชฝ์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
05:40
they are down to the last few remaining members.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚จ์€ ํ’ˆ์ข…๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
The one where the guy is collecting seeds there on the truck,
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:47
that is down to about 30 last remaining trees.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚จ์€ 30์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ์˜ ์”จ์•—์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Fantastically useful plant,
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๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
05:51
both for protein and for medicine.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:54
We have training going on in China, in the USA,
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์ค‘๊ตญ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
05:58
and many other countries.
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๊ต์œก์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
How much does it cost?
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๋น„์šฉ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
06:03
2,800 dollars per species is the average.
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ํ‰๊ท  ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์ข…์— 2,800 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
I think that's cheap, at the price.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
And that gets you all the scientific data
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
06:11
that goes with it.
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ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
The future research is "How can we find
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” "์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งค 10๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค
06:16
the genetic and molecular markers
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐœ์•„์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:18
for the viability of seeds,
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์”จ์•—์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:20
without having to plant them every 10 years?"
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์œ ์ „์ , ๋ถ„์ž์  ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„๊นŒ?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
And we're almost there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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