Clay Shirky: How cognitive surplus will change the world

121,041 views ・ 2010-06-29

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Nakho Kim κ²€ν† : Mike Hong
00:16
The story starts in Kenya
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 2007λ…„ 12μ›”
00:18
in December of 2007,
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μΌ€λƒμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
when there was a disputed presidential election,
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λ…ΌμŸμ μΈ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ„ κ±°κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ‹œκΈ°μ£ .
00:22
and in the immediate aftermath of that election,
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κ·Έ μ„ κ±°κ°€ λλ‚œ μ§ν›„μ—λŠ”
00:25
there was an outbreak of ethnic violence.
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인쒅간 폭λ ₯이 ν„°μ Έλ‚˜μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
And there was a lawyer in Nairobi, Ory Okolloh --
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κ·Έ λ•Œ λ‚˜μ΄λ‘œλΉ„μ— 였리 μ˜€μ½œλ‘œλΌλŠ” λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:30
who some of you may know from her TEDTalk --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” TED강연을 톡해 듀어보셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
who began blogging about it on her site,
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κ·Έ 뢄은 μžμ‹ μ˜ μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ '케냐 μ „λ¬Έκ°€'(Kenyan Pundit)에
00:34
Kenyan Pundit.
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이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λΈ”λ‘œκΉ…μ„ ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
00:36
And shortly after the election and the outbreak of violence,
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선거와 폭λ ₯발발 직후,
00:39
the government suddenly imposed
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” κ°‘μžκΈ°
00:41
a significant media blackout.
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μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ 폐쇄 쑰치λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
And so weblogs went from being
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λΈ”λ‘œκ·Έλ“€μ€
00:45
commentary as part of the media landscape
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더이상 비평 μ—­ν• λ‘œμ„œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ μ§€ν˜•μ˜ 일뢀뢄에 머물지 μ•Šκ³ 
00:47
to being a critical part of the media landscape
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폭λ ₯의 발발 지점듀이 μ–΄λŠ 곳인지 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”
00:50
in trying to understand where the violence was.
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λ―Έλ””μ–΄ μ§€ν˜•μ˜ ν•΅μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λ³€λͺ¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
And Okolloh solicited
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μ˜€μ½œλ‘œλŠ” 덧글을 달아쀀
00:55
from her commenters
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μ΄λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
00:57
more information about what was going on.
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무슨 일듀이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ”μ§€ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
The comments began pouring in,
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그러자 덧글듀이 λ”μš± μŸμ•„μ‘Œμ£ .
01:01
and Okolloh would collate them. She would post them.
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μ˜€μ½œλ‘œλŠ” 그듀을 μ·¨ν•©ν•˜κ³ , ν¬μŠ€νŒ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
And she quickly said, "It's too much.
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그리고 곧 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€: "λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
I could do this all day every day
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ν•˜λ£¨μ’…μΌ 맀일 μ΄κ²ƒλ§Œ 해도
01:07
and I can't keep up.
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λ„μ €νžˆ λ”°λΌκ°ˆ 수 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
01:09
There is more information
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μΌ€λƒμ—μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” 일듀에 λŒ€ν•΄
01:11
about what's going on in Kenya right now
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ ν•œ λͺ…이 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것 μ΄μƒμ˜
01:13
than any one person can manage.
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정보듀이 λ„˜μΉ˜κ³  있죠.
01:15
If only there was a way to automate this."
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이것을 μžλ™ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 방법이 있으면 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ’‹μ„κΉŒμš”."
01:17
And two programmers who read her blog
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κ·Έ λΈ”λ‘œκ·Έλ₯Ό 읽던 두 λͺ…μ˜ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ¨Έκ°€
01:19
held their hands up and said, "We could do that,"
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손을 올리고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”"
01:22
and in 72 hours, they launched Ushahidi.
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72μ‹œκ°„ λ’€, μš°μƒ€νžˆλ””κ°€ 개μž₯λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
Ushahidi -- the name means "witness"
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μš°μƒ€νžˆλ””λΌλŠ” 이름은 μŠ€μ™€νžλ¦¬μ–΄λ‘œ
01:27
or "testimony" in Swahili --
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"λͺ©κ²©" 내지 "증언"μ΄λΌλŠ” 의미인데,
01:29
is a very simple way of taking reports from the field,
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이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” ν˜„μž₯ 보도듀을
01:32
whether it's from the web or, critically,
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μ›Ή ν˜Ήμ€ 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ
01:35
via mobile phones and SMS,
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ν•Έλ“œν°κ³Ό λ¬Έμžμ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ–»μ–΄λ‚΄κ³ λŠ”
01:37
aggregating it and putting it on a map.
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μ·¨ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ 지도에 ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 맀우 κ°„νŽΈν•œ 방법을 μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
That's all it is, but that's all that's needed
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κ·Έ 정도가 μ „λΆ€μ§€λ§Œ, ν•„μš”ν•œ 것은 λ”± κ·Έ 정도죠.
01:42
because what it does is it takes the tacit information
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이것이 ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것은
01:45
available to the whole population --
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” 암묡적 정보듀을 μ–»μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것,
01:47
everybody knows where the violence is,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λˆ„κ΅¬λ“  폭λ ₯이 μ–΄λ””μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ”μ§€λŠ” μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ
01:49
but no one person knows what everyone knows --
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μ–΄λ–€ 이도 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  이듀이 μ•„λŠ” 것을 μ „λΆ€ μ•Œ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†λŠ”
01:52
and it takes that tacit information
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그런 μ‹μ˜ 암묡적 정보듀을 λͺ¨μ•„
01:54
and it aggregates it,
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μ·¨ν•©ν•΄μ„œ,
01:56
and it maps it and it makes it public.
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지도에 κ·Έλ €λ„£μ–΄ 널리 κ³΅κ°œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
And that, that maneuver
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그리고 이런 ν™œλ™μ„
02:00
called "crisis mapping,"
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"μœ„κΈ° 지도" 라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”데,
02:02
was kicked off in Kenya
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μΌ€λƒμ—μ„œ
02:05
in January of 2008.
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2008λ…„ 1월에 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
And enough people looked at it and found it valuable enough
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λ§Žμ€ 이듀이 그것을 μ—΄λžŒν•˜κ³ , μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ°€μΉ˜ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λŠκ»΄μ£Όμ–΄μ„œ
02:10
that the programmers who created Ushahidi
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μš°μƒ€νžˆλ””λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“  ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ¨Έλ“€μ€
02:12
decided they were going to make it open source
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이것을 μ˜€ν”ˆμ†ŒμŠ€(open source)ν™”μ‹œμΌœμ„œ
02:14
and turn it into a platform.
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μ•„μ˜ˆ λ²”μš© ν”Œλž«νΌμœΌλ‘œ μ“Έ 수 있게 ν•˜κ² λ‹€ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
It's since been deployed in Mexico
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κ·Έ 이후 이것은 λ©•μ‹œμ½”μ—μ„œ
02:18
to track electoral fraud.
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μ„ κ±°λΆ€μ • ν˜„ν™©μ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν™œμš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
It's been deployed in Washington D.C. to track snow cleanup.
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄DCμ—μ„œ μ œμ„€μž‘μ—… ν˜„ν™©μ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ„ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:23
And it's been used most famously in Haiti
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그리고 κ°€μž₯ 유λͺ…ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œλŠ”, μ•„μ΄ν‹°μ—μ„œ
02:25
in the aftermath of the earthquake.
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λŒ€μ§€μ§„ 이후 피해상황을 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” 것에 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
And when you look at the map
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μš°μƒ€νžˆλ”” μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ μ²«νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— κ±Έλ¦°
02:30
now posted on the Ushahidi front page,
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이 지도λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
02:32
you can see that the number of deployments in Ushahidi
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μš°μƒ€νžˆλ””κ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 사둀듀이
02:34
has gone worldwide, all right?
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μ „μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ λ»—μ–΄λ‚˜κ°„ 것을 μ•Œ 수 있죠.
02:37
This went from a single idea
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ°œμƒμ—μ„œ
02:39
and a single implementation
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ μš©μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ
02:41
in East Africa in the beginning of 2008
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즉 2008λ…„μ΄ˆ λ™μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬
02:44
to a global deployment
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μ „μ§€κ΅¬μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
02:46
in less than three years.
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3년도 걸리지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
Now what Okolloh did
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μ˜€μ½œλ‘œκ°€ ν•œ 것은
02:52
would not have been possible
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디지털 기술 μ—†μ΄λŠ”
02:54
without digital technology.
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
What Okolloh did would not have been possible
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μ˜€μ½œλ‘œκ°€ ν•œ 것은
03:00
without human generosity.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κ΄€λŒ€ν•¨ μ—†μ΄λŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
And the interesting moment now,
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그리고 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  ν₯미둜운 것은
03:04
the number of environments
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이런 두가지가 μ„±λ¦½λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ§€λŠ”
03:06
where the social design challenge
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  섀계 μ‹œλ„κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ΄
03:08
relies on both of those things being true.
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λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
That is the resource that I'm talking about.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ μ œκ°€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 'μžμ›'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
I call it cognitive surplus.
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μ €λŠ” 그것을 μΈμ§€μž‰μ—¬λΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
And it represents the ability
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그리고 이것은
03:18
of the world's population
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세상 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:20
to volunteer and to contribute and collaborate
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더 μ»€λ‹€λž—κ³  μ–΄λ–¨ λ•ŒλŠ” 전지ꡬ적인 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—
03:23
on large, sometimes global, projects.
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μžμ›ν•˜κ³  κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³  ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Cognitive surplus is made up of two things.
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인지 μž‰μ—¬λŠ” 두 κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
The first, obviously, is the world's free time and talents.
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μ²«μ§ΈλŠ” λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜κ²Œλ„, μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ—¬μœ  μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό μ—¬μœ  재λŠ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
The world has over
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μ„Έμƒμ—λŠ”
03:33
a trillion hours a year
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곡동 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— νˆ¬μ—¬ν• λ§Œν•œ
03:36
of free time
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μ—¬μœ  μ‹œκ°„μ΄
03:38
to commit to shared projects.
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μ—°κ°„ 1μ‘° μ‹œκ°„ 이상 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
Now, that free time existed in the 20th century,
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κ·Έ μ—¬μœ μ‹œκ°„μ€ 20세기에도 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
03:42
but we didn't get Ushahidi in the 20th century.
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20μ„ΈκΈ°μ—λŠ” μš°μƒ€νžˆλ””κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
03:45
That's the second half of cognitive surplus.
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그것이 인지 μž‰μ—¬μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 반μͺ½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
The media landscape in the 20th century
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20μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ μ§€ν˜•μ€
03:49
was very good at helping people consume,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ†ŒλΉ„λ₯Ό λ•λŠ” 것에 λŠ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
and we got, as a result,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 결과적으둜
03:54
very good at consuming.
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μ†ŒλΉ„μ— 무척 λŠ₯ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
But now that we've been given media tools --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인터넷, νœ΄λŒ€ν° 같이 μ†ŒλΉ„ κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ 것을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ”
03:58
the Internet, mobile phones -- that let us do more than consume,
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λ―Έλ””μ–΄ 도ꡬ듀이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 주어진 μ§€κΈˆ
04:01
what we're seeing is that people weren't couch potatoes
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ²Œλœ λ°”λŠ”, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ”±νžˆ 슀슀둜 μ›ν•΄μ„œ
04:04
because we liked to be.
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μΉ΄μš°μΉ˜ν¬ν…Œμ΄ν†  노릇을 ν–ˆλ˜ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
We were couch potatoes because that was
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μΉ΄μš°μΉ˜ν¬ν…Œμ΄ν†  노릇을 ν•œ 것은
04:08
the only opportunity given to us.
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그것이 주어진 μœ μΌν•œ μ„ νƒμ‚¬ν•­μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
We still like to consume, of course.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ†ŒλΉ„ν•˜κΈ° μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ£ .
04:12
But it turns out we also like to create,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚œ λ°”λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ°½μ‘°ν•˜κΈ°,
04:14
and we like to share.
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그리고 λ‚˜λˆ„κΈ°λ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
And it's those two things together --
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그리고 이 두 가지가 합쳐진 것,
04:19
ancient human motivation
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즉 맀우 였래된 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ ν™œλ™ 동인과
04:21
and the modern tools to allow that motivation
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그런 동인듀을 큰 μŠ€μΌ€μΌμ˜ 결과물둜
04:23
to be joined up in large-scale efforts --
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ν•©μ³λ‚΄λŠ” ν˜„λŒ€μ  도ꡬ듀,
04:26
that are the new design resource.
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λ°”λ‘œ 그것이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬νšŒ 섀계 μžμ›μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
And using cognitive surplus,
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그리고 인지 μž‰μ—¬λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ
04:31
we're starting to see truly incredible experiments
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μ‹€λ‘œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ‹€ν—˜λ“€μ΄
04:34
in scientific, literary,
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κ³Όν•™, λ¬Έν•™,
04:36
artistic, political efforts.
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예술, μ •μΉ˜ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ λ“±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ³Ό 수 있죠.
04:39
Designing.
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섀계 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
We're also getting, of course, a lot of LOLcats.
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 고양이 지방도 많이 λ‚˜μ˜΅κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
LOLcats are cute pictures of cats
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고양이 지방(LOLcats)μ΄λž€, κ·€μ—¬μš΄ 고양이 사진에
04:46
made cuter with the addition of cute captions.
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κ·€μ—¬μš΄ μžλ§‰μ„ μ²¨κ°€ν•΄μ„œ λ”μš± κ·€μ—½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“  것이죠.
04:49
And they are also
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이것듀은 λ˜ν•œ ν˜„μž¬
04:51
part of the abundant media landscape we're getting now.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 주어진 ν’λΆ€ν•œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄μ§€ν˜•μ˜ μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
This is one of the participatory --
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이것은 μ°Έμ—¬ν˜•--
04:56
one of the participatory models
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즉 μš°μƒ€νžˆλ”” 같은 것듀과 ν•¨κ»˜
04:58
we see coming out of that, along with Ushahidi.
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νƒ„μƒν•œ μ°Έμ—¬ν˜• λͺ¨λΈ κ°€μš΄λ° ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
Now I want to stipulate, as the lawyers say,
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λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ’…μ’… κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ“―, 저도 ꡳ이 κ·œμ •μ„ λ‚΄λ¦¬μžλ©΄
05:03
that LOLcats are the stupidest possible
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고양이지방은 μ°½μž‘ν–‰μœ„ μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„
05:05
creative act.
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κ°€μž₯ 바보같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
There are other candidates of course,
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λ¬Όλ‘  λ‹€λ₯Έ 후보도 μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
05:09
but LOLcats will do as a general case.
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고양이지방 정도면 일반적으둜 μ‰½κ²Œ κΌ½μ•„λ³Όλ§Œ ν•˜κ² μ£ .
05:12
But here's the thing:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
The stupidest possible creative act
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κ°€μž₯ 바보같은 μ°½μž‘ν–‰μœ„λΌκ³  할지라도
05:16
is still a creative act.
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κ²°κ΅­ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ°½μž‘ν–‰μœ„λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
Someone who has done something like this,
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이런 것을 ν•΄λ³Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ©΄,
05:22
however mediocre and throwaway,
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아무리 κ·Έμ € 그런 μ“Έλͺ¨μ—†λŠ” μˆ˜μ€€μ΄λΌ 할지라도
05:25
has tried something, has put something forward in public.
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무언가λ₯Ό μ‹œλ„ν•΄λ΄€κ³ , λŒ€μ€‘ μ•žμ— λ‚΄λ°€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
And once they've done it, they can do it again,
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그리고 ν•œλ²ˆ ν•΄λ΄€μœΌλ©΄, λ‹€μ‹œ ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 있죠.
05:31
and they could work on getting it better.
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λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 더 λ‚«κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•¨κ»˜ μž‘μ—…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
There is a spectrum between mediocre work and good work,
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κ·Έμ €κ·ΈλŸ° μž‘μ—…κ³Ό ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μž‘μ—… μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
and as anybody who's worked as an artist or a creator knows,
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μ˜ˆμˆ μ΄λ‚˜ 기타 μ°½μž‘ μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•΄λ³Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ©΄ λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ“―,
05:39
it's a spectrum you're constantly
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κ·Έ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌ μƒμ—μ„œ
05:41
struggling to get on top of.
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μœ„λ‘œ μ˜¬λΌκ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 끝없이 λΆ„νˆ¬ν•˜κ³€ ν•˜μ£ .
05:43
The gap is between
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μ§„μ§œ 갭은
05:45
doing anything and doing nothing.
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무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것과 아무것도 μ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 것 사이에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
And someone who makes a LOLcat
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고양이지방을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€
05:50
has already crossed over that gap.
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이미 κ·Έ 갭을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„  것이죠.
05:53
Now it's tempting to want to get the Ushahidis
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고양이지방 같은 것 없이
05:55
without the LOLcats, right,
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μš°μƒ€νžˆλ”” 같은 것을 μ–»μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것,
05:57
to get the serious stuff without the throwaway stuff.
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즉 λ¬΄κ°€μΉ˜ν•œ 것듀 없이 μ§„μ§€ν•œ κ²ƒλ“€λ§Œ μ–»κ³  싢은 유혹이 λ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
But media abundance never works that way.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ―Έλ””μ–΄μ˜ ν’μš”λŠ” κ²°μ½” 그런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
Freedom to experiment means freedom to experiment with anything.
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μ‹€ν—˜ν•  μžμœ λž€, μ–΄λ–€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλ“ μ§€ μ‹€ν—˜ν•  μžμœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
Even with the sacred printing press,
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μΆ”μ•™λ°›κ³€ ν•˜λŠ” 인쇄 맀체만 ν•˜λ”λΌλ„
06:08
we got erotic novels 150 years
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κ³Όν•™ 저널이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€ 150λ…„ 전에
06:10
before we got scientific journals.
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μ—λ‘œ μ†Œμ„€λΆ€ν„° λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œμ£ .
06:14
So before I talk about
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그런 μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”
06:17
what is, I think, the critical difference
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고양이지방과 μš°μƒ€νžˆλ”” μ‚¬μ΄μ˜
06:19
between LOLcats and Ushahidi,
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결정적인 차이점듀을 λ§ν•˜κΈ° 전에
06:21
I want to talk about
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λ¨Όμ € κ·Έλ“€ 사이에
06:23
their shared source.
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κ³΅ν†΅λœ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
And that source is design for generosity.
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κ·Έ μš”μ†Œλž€ 'κ΄€λŒ€ν•¨μ„ λͺ¨μœΌλŠ” 섀계방식'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
It is one of the curiosities of our historical era
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ μ‚¬λŠ” ν˜„ μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μ‹ κΈ°ν•œ 점 κ°€μš΄λ° ν•˜λ‚˜μΈλ°,
06:31
that even as cognitive surplus
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μΈμ§€μž‰μ—¬κ°€
06:33
is becoming a resource we can design around,
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μ‚¬νšŒ 섀계에 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ” μžμ›μ΄ λ˜μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 와쀑에
06:35
social sciences are also starting to explain
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μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όν•™μ—μ„œλ„ 이런 것을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
how important
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ 내적 동기가
06:40
our intrinsic motivations are to us,
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 큰 비쀑을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것인지,
06:42
how much we do things because we like to do them
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즉 μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 것듀을 κ·Έμ € μ’‹μ•„μ„œ ν•˜λŠ” 것인지 말이죠.
06:45
rather than because our boss told us to do them,
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상사가 ν•˜λΌκ³  μ‹œμΌ°κ±°λ‚˜
06:47
or because we're being paid to do them.
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λ˜λŠ” λˆμ„ 지급받기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ.
06:50
This is a graph from a paper
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이 κ·Έλž˜ν”„λŠ”
06:53
by Uri Gneezy and Aldo Rustichini,
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Uri Gneezy와 Afredo Rusticini의 논문에 λ‚˜μ™”λŠ”λ°,
06:55
who set out to test, at the beginning of this decade,
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이번 μ‹­λ…„μ˜ μ΄ˆμ—½μ— μ†Œμœ„ "μ–΅μ œ 이둠"μ΄λΌλŠ”
06:58
what they called "deterrence theory."
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것을 κ²€μ¦ν•˜κ³ μž ν–ˆλ˜ 이듀이죠.
07:00
And deterrence theory is a very simple theory of human behavior:
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μ–΅μ œμ΄λ‘ μ€ 맀우 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 인간행동 μ΄λ‘ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
If you want somebody to do less of something,
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λ§Œμ•½ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ 무언가λ₯Ό 덜 ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμœΌλ©΄,
07:04
add a punishment and they'll do less of it.
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μ²˜λ²Œμ„ λ„μž…ν•˜μ„Έμš”. 그러면 덜 ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
Simple, straightforward, commonsensical --
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λ‹¨μˆœν•˜κ³ , 직선적이며, 상식적이고
07:09
also, largely untested.
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λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ 검증 λŒ€μƒλ„ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
07:11
And so they went and studied
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 이것을
07:13
10 daycare centers in Haifa, Israel.
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μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜μ˜ ν•˜μ΄νŒŒμ— μžˆλŠ” 10개 νƒμ•„μ†Œμ—μ„œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
They studied those daycare centers
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κ·Έ νƒμ•„μ†Œλ“€μ—μ„œ
07:17
at the time of highest tension,
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κ°€μž₯ κΈ΄μž₯감이 높을 λ•Œ
07:19
which is pick-up time.
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즉 아이λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ°λ €κ°€λŠ” μ‹œκ°„λŒ€λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
At pick-up time the teachers,
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κ·Έ μ‹œκ°„λŒ€μ—λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 아이와
07:23
who have been with your children all day,
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ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 같이 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ€
07:25
would like you to be there at the appointed hour to take your children back.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•½μ†λœ μ‹œκ°„μ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ„œ 아이λ₯Ό λ°λ €κ°€μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
Meanwhile, the parents -- perhaps a little busy at work, running late, running errands --
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ν•œνŽΈ λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ€ - μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μΌν„°μ—μ„œ μ’€ λ°”μ˜κ³ , μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λŠ¦μ—ˆκ³ , μž”μ—…μ΄ 남은 -
07:31
want a little slack to pick the kids up late.
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아이λ₯Ό μ•½κ°„ 더 늦게 데렀가고 μ‹Άμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
So Gneezy and Rustichini said,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
"How many instances of late pick-ups
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"10개의 νƒμ•„μ†Œμ—μ„œ
07:38
are there at these 10 daycare centers?"
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아이λ₯Ό 늦게 λ°λ €κ°€λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λͺ‡λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ”κ°€?"
07:40
Now they saw -- and this is what the graph is,
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그듀이 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것이 이 κ·Έλž˜ν”„μΈλ°,
07:42
these are the number of weeks and these are the number of late arrivals --
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이μͺ½μ€ λͺ‡ μ£Όκ°€ μ§€λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€, 그리고 이μͺ½μ€ 늦게 데렀간 νšŸμˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ -
07:45
that there were between six and 10
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10개 νƒμ•„μ†Œμ—μ„œ 보톡
07:47
instances of late pick-ups
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늦게 데렀간 νšŸμˆ˜λŠ”
07:49
on average in these 10 daycare centers.
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ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ 6μ—μ„œ 10회 μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
So they divided the daycare centers into two groups.
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이제 그듀은 νƒμ•„μ†Œλ₯Ό 두 μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
The white group there
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흰색 집단은 ν†΅μ œμ§‘λ‹¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
is the control group; they change nothing.
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μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 변화도 주지 μ•Šμ£ .
07:59
But the group of daycare centers represented by the black line,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 검은 μ„ μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œμ‹œλœ νƒμ•„μ†Œλ“€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
they said, "We are changing this bargain
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"μ΄μ œλΆ€ν„° κ±°λž˜μ‘°κ±΄μ„
08:04
as of right now.
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λ³€κ²½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
If you pick your kid up more than 10 minutes late,
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10λΆ„ 이상 늦게 아이λ₯Ό 데리러 μ˜€μ‹œλ©΄
08:08
we're going to add a 10 shekel fine to your bill.
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μš”κΈˆμ²­κ΅¬μ„œμ— 10μ‰μΌˆμ„ μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
Boom. No ifs, ands or buts."
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μΎ…. ν˜Ήμ‹œ, 그리고, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, 뭐 그런 말은 듣지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
08:13
And the minute they did that,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μžλ§ˆμž
08:15
the behavior in those daycare centers changed.
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κ·Έ νƒμ•„μ†Œλ“€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” ν–‰λ™νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
Late pick-ups went up
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κ·Έ 이후 4μ£ΌλΌλŠ” κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ
08:19
every week for the next four weeks
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늦게 λ°λ €κ°€λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
until they topped out at triple the pre-fine average,
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벌금제 이전 ν‰κ· μ˜ 3배에 도달할 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
08:25
and then they fluctuated
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œλŠ” 벌금제 이전 ν‰κ· μ˜
08:27
at between double and triple the pre-fine average
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2λ°°μ—μ„œ 3λ°° μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ
08:29
for the life of the fine.
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벌금제 κΈ°κ°„ λ‚΄λ‚΄ μ™”λ‹€κ°”λ‹€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
And you can see immediately what happened, right?
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무슨 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€ 금방 μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
The fine broke the culture
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λ²ŒκΈˆμ œκ°€
08:37
of the daycare center.
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νƒμ•„μ†Œμ˜ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό νŒŒκ΄΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
By adding a fine,
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λ²ŒκΈˆμ„ λ„μž…ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
08:41
what they did was communicate to the parents
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ—κ²Œ 이런 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό λ‚¨κΈ°κ²Œ 된 것이죠:
08:43
that their entire debt to the teachers
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ΄ μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λΉšμ€
08:45
had been discharged
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10μ‰μΌˆμ„ μ§€λΆˆν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
08:47
with the payment of 10 shekels,
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ν•΄μ†Œλ˜λ©°,
08:49
and that there was no residue of guilt or social concern
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λΆ€λͺ¨κ°€ μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν• 
08:52
that the parents owed the teachers.
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κ°€μ±…μ΄λ‚˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ—Όλ €λŠ” μ‘°κΈˆλ„ 남지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
And so the parents, quite sensibly, said,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ€ λ‹Ήλ‹Ήν•˜κ²Œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
"10 shekels to pick my kid up late?
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"λ‚΄ 아이λ₯Ό 늦게 λ°λ €κ°€λŠ” 것에 10μ‰μΌˆ?
08:58
What could be bad?"
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λ‚˜μ  것 μ—†λŠ”λ°?"
09:00
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:04
The explanation of human behavior
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 20μ„ΈκΈ°λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 물렀받은
09:06
that we inherited in the 20th century
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인간행동에 λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…μ΄λž€
09:09
was that we are all rational, self-maximizing actors,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 합리적이며 자기만쑱 μ΅œλŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” ν–‰μœ„μžλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
and in that explanation --
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κ·Έ μ„€λͺ…에 λ”°λ₯΄μžλ©΄
09:14
the daycare center had no contract --
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(벌금)계약관계가 μ—†λŠ” νƒμ•„μ†ŒλŠ”
09:17
should have been operating without any constraints.
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μ œμ•½ 없이 μš΄μ˜λ˜λŠ” 곳으둜 봐야 ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
But that's not right.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 사싀이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
09:22
They were operating with social constraints
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κ·Έ 곳듀은 계약에 μ˜ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:24
rather than contractual ones.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ œμ•½μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ›€μ§μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
And critically, the social constraints
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무엇보닀, μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ œμ•½μ€
09:28
created a culture that was more generous
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계약에 μ˜ν•œ μ œμ•½λ³΄λ‹€
09:31
than the contractual constraints did.
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더 κ΄€λŒ€ν•œ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ†“μ•˜λ˜ 것이죠.
09:33
So Gneezy and Rustichini run this experiment for a dozen weeks --
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 12μ£Ό κ°€λŸ‰ 계속 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
run the fine for a dozen weeks --
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벌금제λ₯Ό 12μ£Όκ°„ μš΄μ˜ν•˜κ³ λŠ”
09:38
and then they say, "Okay, that's it. All done; fine."
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"자 이제 λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λμ–΄μš”"라고 μ„ μ–Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
And then a really interesting thing happens:
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그러자 정말 ν₯미둜운 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
Nothing changes.
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아무것도 λ°”λ€Œμ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
The culture that got broken by the fine
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λ²ŒκΈˆμ œμ— μ˜ν•΄ 파괴된 κ·Έ λ¬Έν™”λŠ”
09:49
stayed broken when the fine was removed.
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λ²ŒκΈˆμ œκ°€ 없어진 후에도 계속 파괴된 μƒνƒœ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ‚¨μ•˜μ£ .
09:52
Not only are economic motivations
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경제적 동기와
09:55
and intrinsic motivations
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내적 λ™κΈ°λŠ”
09:57
incompatible,
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μ„œλ‘œ ν˜Έν™˜λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
09:59
that incompatibility
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κ·Έ ν˜Έν™˜λΆˆλŠ₯ μƒνƒœκ°€
10:01
can persist over long periods.
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μž₯κΈ°κ°„ 지속될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
So the trick
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그렇기에
10:06
in designing these kinds of situations
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이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 상황을 μ„€κ³„ν•˜λ €λ©΄
10:08
is to understand where you're relying on
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ μͺ½μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ…”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
the economic part of the bargain -- as with the parents paying the teachers --
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λΆ€λͺ¨κ°€ μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ—κ²Œ λˆμ„ μ§€λΆˆν•˜λŠ” μ‹μ˜ 경제적 거래 μͺ½μΈμ§€,
10:14
and when you're relying on the social part of the bargain,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 사싀은 κ΄€λŒ€ν•¨μ„ 얻도둝 μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ”
10:17
when you're really designing for generosity.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  거래 μͺ½μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
This brings me back to the LOLcats
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λ‹€μ‹œ 고양이지방과
10:23
and to Ushahidi.
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μš°μƒ€νžˆλ””λ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄μ™€λ³΄μ£ .
10:25
This is, I think, the range that matters.
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μ €λŠ” λ²”μœ„λΌλŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:27
Both of these rely on cognitive surplus.
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이듀 λ‘˜ λ‹€ μΈμ§€μž‰μ—¬μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
Both of these design for the assumption
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λ‘˜ λ‹€, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ°½μ‘°ν•˜κΈ° μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κ³  κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€λŠ”
10:31
that people like to create and we want to share.
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κ°€μ • μœ„μ— μ„€κ³„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
Here is the critical difference between these:
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그런데 λ‘˜ 사이에 결정적 차이가 있죠.
10:39
LOLcats is communal value.
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고양이지방은 곡동적 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
It's value created by the participants
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μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 이듀이
10:44
for each other.
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μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ°€μΉ˜μ£ .
10:46
Communal value on the networks we have
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λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μƒμ—μ„œ 곡동적 κ°€μΉ˜λŠ”
10:49
is everywhere --
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μ–΄λ””μ—λ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
every time you see a large aggregate
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곡개 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 있게 λ˜μ–΄μžˆλŠ” 곡유된 데이터가
10:53
of shared, publicly available data,
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λŒ€λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨μΈ 곳이라면 어디라도,
10:56
whether it's photos on Flickr
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Flickr의 사진듀이든
10:58
or videos on Youtube or whatever.
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Youtube의 λ™μ˜μƒμ΄λ“  μ–΄λ””μ„œλ“  말이죠.
11:00
This is good. I like LOLcats as much as the next guy,
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쒋은 ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” μ£Όλ³€ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜,
11:02
maybe a little more even,
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ν˜Ήμ€ 쑰금 더, 고양이지방을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:04
but this is also
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은
11:07
a largely solved problem.
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λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ 이미 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ν•΄κ²°λœ λ¬Έμ œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
11:09
I have a hard time envisioning a future
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€
11:11
in which someone is saying,
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이런 고민을 ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ€ μƒμƒν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€:
11:13
"Where, oh where, can I find a picture
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"λ„λŒ€μ²΄ μ–΄λ””λ‘œ κ°€μ•Ό μ’€
11:15
of a cute cat?"
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κ·€μ—¬μš΄ 고양이 사진을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?"
11:17
Ushahidi, by contrast,
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반면, μš°μƒ€νžˆλ””λŠ”
11:19
is civic value.
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μ‹œλ―Όμ  κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
It's value created by the participants
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μ°Έμ—¬μžλ“€μ΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄μ§€λ§Œ
11:23
but enjoyed by society as a whole.
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μ‚¬νšŒ 전체가 ν–₯μœ ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μΉ˜μ£ .
11:25
The goals set out by Ushahidi
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μš°μƒ€νžˆλ””κ°€ 지ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλŠ”
11:27
are not just to make life better
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κ·Έμ € μ°Έμ—¬μžλ“€μ˜ 삢을
11:29
for the participants,
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ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
11:31
but to make life better for everyone in the society
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μš°μƒ€νžˆλ””κ°€ 운영되고 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ˜
11:34
in which Ushahidi is operating.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ΄λ“€μ˜ 삢을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
And that kind of civic value
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그런 μ‹œλ―Όμ  κ°€μΉ˜λŠ”
11:39
is not just a side effect
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κ·Έμ € μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 동기λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„λ“€μž„μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ”
11:41
of opening up to human motivation.
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λΆ€λŒ€νš¨κ³Ό 같은 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:44
It really is going to be a side effect
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사싀은 μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ ν•¨κ»˜
11:46
of what we, collectively,
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이런 μž‘μ—…λ“€μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ”μ§€μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ
11:48
make of these kinds of efforts.
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λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” λΆ€λŒ€νš¨κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:51
There are a trillion
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맀년,
11:53
hours a year
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참여적 κ°€μΉ˜λΌλŠ” 것이
11:55
of participatory value
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수쑰(ε…†) μ‹œκ°„ μ–΄μΉ˜μ”©
11:57
up for grabs.
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μ†μ‰½κ²Œ κ°€μš©ν•œ μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
That will be true year-in and year-out.
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μ—°μ€‘λ¬΄νœ΄λ‘œ 말이죠.
12:02
The number of people who are going to be able
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이런 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
12:04
to participate in these kinds of projects
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μˆ«μžλŠ”
12:06
is going to grow,
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계속 증가할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:08
and we can see that organizations
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그리고 κ΄€λŒ€ν•¨μ˜ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
12:11
designed around a culture of generosity
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μ„€κ³„λœ 쑰직듀은
12:13
can achieve incredible effects
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ 계약관계가 없어도
12:15
without an enormous amount of contractual overhead --
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 효과λ₯Ό μ–»μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
a very different model
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이것은 20μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 집단행동에 μ μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ˜
12:20
than our default model for large-scale group action in the 20th century.
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일반적 λͺ¨λΈκ³ΌλŠ” μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 방식이죠.
12:24
What's going to make the difference here
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이런 차이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것은
12:27
is what Dean Kamen said,
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Dean Kamen이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ
12:30
the inventor and entrepreneur.
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"발λͺ…가와 사업가"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:32
Kamen said, "Free cultures get what they celebrate."
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Kamen은 "무료의 λ¬Έν™”λŠ”, μžμ‹ μ΄ μΉ­μ†‘ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŒ€λ‘œ μ–»μ–΄λ‚Έλ‹€"κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
We've got a choice before us.
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우리 μ•žμ— 선택이 λ†“μ—¬μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
We've got this trillion hours a year.
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ν•œ ν•΄ 수 μ‘° μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ£Όμ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:41
We can use it to crack each other up, and we're going to do that.
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그것을 μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ›ƒκΈ°λŠ” 일에 μ“Έ 수 있죠. μ•„λ§ˆ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
That, we get for free.
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무료둜 얻을 수 있죠.
12:46
But we can also celebrate
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ
12:48
and support and reward the people
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μ‹œλ―Όμ  κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
12:50
trying to use cognitive surplus
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인지 μž‰μ—¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 이듀을
12:52
to create civic value.
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μΉ­μ†‘ν•˜κ³  지원해쀄 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
And to the degree we're going to do that, to the degree we're able to do that,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그런 것을 ν•˜λŠ” μ •λ„λ§ŒνΌ, 그런 것을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 정도 λ§ŒνΌμ”©,
12:57
we'll be able to change society.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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