The wonders of the molecular world, animated | Janet Iwasa

81,165 views ・ 2020-05-06

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jay_fr _κΆŒμ§€μ„  κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:14
I live in Utah,
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μ €λŠ” μœ νƒ€μ£Όμ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
a place known for having some of the most awe-inspiring
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이곳은 μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 경외심을 λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ”
00:18
natural landscapes on this planet.
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μžμ—°κ²½κ΄€μ„ 가진 곳으둜 유λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
It's easy to be overwhelmed by these amazing views,
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이런 λ†€λΌμš΄ 광경에 μ••λ„λ‹Ήν•˜κΈ° 쉽고,
00:24
and to be really fascinated by these sometimes alien-looking formations.
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μ™Έκ³„μΈμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” ν˜•μƒμ— 맀료되기 쉽죠.
00:28
As a scientist, I love observing the natural world.
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μ €λŠ” κ³Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ μžμ—° 세계λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
00:32
But as a cell biologist,
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세포 μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œλŠ”
00:34
I'm much more interested in understanding the natural world
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훨씬 더 μž‘μ€ 규λͺ¨μ˜ μžμ—° 세계λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데
00:36
at a much, much smaller scale.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 관심이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
I'm a molecular animator, and I work with other researchers
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μ €λŠ” λΆ„μž μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄ν„°μ΄κ³  λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
00:42
to create visualizations of molecules that are so small,
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ μž‘μ•„ 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” λΆ„μžμ„Έν¬μ˜
00:45
they're essentially invisible.
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μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
These molecules are smaller than the wavelength of light,
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이 λΆ„μžλ“€μ€ λΉ›μ˜ 파μž₯보닀 μž‘μ•„μ„œ
00:50
which means that we can never see them directly,
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직접 눈으둜 κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
even with the best light microscopes.
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심지어 졜고 μ„±λŠ₯을 가진 κ΄‘ν•™ ν˜„λ―Έκ²½μœΌλ‘œλ„ λ³Ό 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
So how do I create visualizations of things
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그러면 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 관찰이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ
00:56
that are so small we can't see them?
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λ―Έμ„Έν•œ 것듀을 μ‹œκ°ν™” ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:58
Scientists, like my collaborators,
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제 ν˜‘λ ₯μžλ“€κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ
01:00
can spend their entire professional careers
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ „λ¬Έ 지식을 동원해
01:02
working to understand one molecular process.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λΆ„μž 과정을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° 온 νž˜μ„ μŸμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
To do this, they carry out a series of experiments
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이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄, 그듀은 일련의 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬
01:08
that each can tell us a small piece of the puzzle.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μž‘μ€ 퍼즐 쑰각을 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” 것이죠.
01:11
One kind of experiment can tell us about the protein shape,
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ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 톡해 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ ν˜•νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œ 수 있고,
01:13
while another can tell us
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œλŠ”
01:15
about what other proteins it might interact with,
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μ–΄λ–€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆκ³Ό μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
and another can tell us about where it can be found in a cell.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„  세포내에 μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
And all of these bits of information can be used to come up with a hypothesis,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  정보듀은 기본적으둜 λΆ„μžκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•œ
01:24
a story, essentially, of how a molecule might work.
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κ°€μ„€κ³Ό 이야기λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©κ°€λŠ₯ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
My job is to take these ideas and turn them into an animation.
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제 일은 이런 아이디어λ₯Ό μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
This can be tricky,
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이것은 κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
because it turns out that molecules can do some pretty crazy things.
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ λΆ„μžκ°€ κ½€ 미친 짓을 ν•  수 있음이 λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
But these animations can be incredibly useful for researchers
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜λ“€μ€ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 맀우 μœ μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
01:40
to communicate their ideas of how these molecules work.
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이런 λΆ„μžλ“€μ˜ μž‘μš©μ— κ΄€ν•œ 아이디어λ₯Ό 전달할 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
They can also allow us to see the molecular world
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λ˜ν•œ μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜μ„ 톡해 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΆ„μž 세계λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
through their eyes.
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λΆ„μžλ“€μ˜ λˆˆμ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
01:48
I'd like to show you some animations,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜λ“€ 쀑에
01:50
a brief tour of what I consider to be some of the natural wonders
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μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” λΆ„μž μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μžμ—° κ²½μ΄λ‘œμ›€μ— κ΄€ν•œ
01:53
of the molecular world.
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짧은 μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜μ„ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
First off, this is an immune cell.
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μš°μ„ , 이것은 λ©΄μ—­μ„Έν¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
These kinds of cells need to go crawling around in our bodies
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이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 세포듀은 우리 λͺΈ 속을 κΈ°μ–΄λ‹€λ…€μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
in order to find invaders like pathogenic bacteria.
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병원성 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ™€ 같은 μΉ¨μž…μžλ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
This movement is powered by one of my favorite proteins
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이런 μ›€μ§μž„μ€ μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ μ•‘ν‹΄μ—μ„œ νž˜μ„ μ–»λŠ”λ°,
02:06
called actin,
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02:07
which is part of what's known as the cytoskeleton.
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이것은 세포골격이라고 μ•Œλ €μ§„ κ²ƒμ˜ μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
Unlike our skeletons,
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 골격과 달리
02:12
actin filaments are constantly being built and taken apart.
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μ•‘ν‹΄ ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈλŠ” λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μƒμ„±λ˜κ³ , λΆ„ν•΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
The actin cytoskeleton plays incredibly important roles in our cells.
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μ•‘ν‹΄ μ‹œν† μŠ€μΌˆλ ˆν†€μ€ 인간 μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
They allow them to change shape,
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μ„Έν¬λ“€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈκ³ ,
02:21
to move around, to adhere to surfaces
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μ—¬κΈ°μ €κΈ° λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆκ³ , ν‘œλ©΄μ— 달라뢙고
02:23
and also to gobble up bacteria.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό 원없이 먹을 수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Actin is also involved in a different kind of movement.
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앑틴은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ—λ„ κ΄€μ—¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
In our muscle cells, actin structures form these regular filaments
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 근윑 μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ μ•‘ν‹΄ κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” 직물처럼 λ³΄μ΄λŠ”
02:31
that look kind of like fabric.
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κ·œμΉ™μ μΈ ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈλ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
When our muscles contract, these filaments are pulled together
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 근윑이 μˆ˜μΆ•ν•  λ•Œ, 이 ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈλŠ” ν•¨κ»˜ 당겨지고
02:36
and they go back to their original position
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 근윑이 이완될 λ•ŒλŠ”
02:38
when our muscles relax.
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μ›λž˜μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Other parts of the cytoskeleton, in this case microtubules,
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이 경우 λ―Έμ„Έκ΄€λ“€κ³Ό 같은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œν† μŠ€μΌˆλ ˆν†€ 뢀뢄듀은
02:43
are responsible for long-range transportation.
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μž₯거리 μš΄μ†‘μ„ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
They can be thought of as basically cellular highways
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기본적으둜 이것은 세포 κ³ μ†λ„λ‘œλΌκ³  생각할 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°
02:48
that are used to move things from one side of the cell to the other.
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μ„Έν¬μ˜ ν•œ μͺ½μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ™μ‹œν‚€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
Unlike our roads, microtubules grow and shrink,
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μΈκ°€μ˜ λ„λ‘œμ™€λŠ” 달리, λ―Έμ†Œκ΄€μ€ 자라고 쀄어듀며,
02:54
appearing when they're needed
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μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•  λ•Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³ ,
02:56
and disappearing when their job is done.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 일이 λλ‚˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
The molecular version of semitrucks
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μ„Έλ―ΈνŠΈλ£©μ˜ λΆ„μž 버전은
03:00
are proteins aptly named motor proteins,
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μš΄λ™ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ‘œ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ‘œ
03:03
that can walk along microtubules,
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λ―Έμ†Œκ΄€μ„ 따라 걸을 수 있고,
03:06
dragging sometimes huge cargoes,
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κ·Έ 뒀에 세포기관과 같은
03:08
like organelles, behind them.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 짐을 끌 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
This particular motor protein is known as dynein,
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이 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μš΄λ™ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ 닀이인이라고 μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있고,
03:13
and its known to be able to work together in groups
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이 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ ν•¨κ»˜ 그룹을 이뀄 일할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
that almost look, at least to me, like a chariot of horses.
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적어도 μ œκ²ŒλŠ” 말수레처럼 λ³΄μ΄λ„€μš”.
03:19
As you see, the cell is this incredibly changing, dynamic place,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, μ„Έν¬λŠ” λ†€λžλ„λ‘ λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ³  역동적인 κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
where things are constantly being built and disassembled.
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λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μƒμ„±λ˜κ³  λΆ„ν•΄λ˜λŠ” κ³³μ΄μ§€μš”.
03:26
But some of these structures
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 ꡬ쑰물의 μΌλΆ€λŠ”
03:28
are harder to take apart than others, though.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡬ쑰물 보닀 λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° 더 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
And special forces need to be brought in
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그리고 ꡬ쑰물이 μ μ‹œμ— λΆ„ν•΄λ˜λ„λ‘
03:32
in order to make sure that structures are taken apart in a timely manner.
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νŠΉλ³„ν•œ νž˜μ„ νˆ¬μž…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
That job is done in part by proteins like these.
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그런 일은 λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ 이런 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ“€μ΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
These donut-shaped proteins,
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ν•΄λ‹Ή 세포 속에 λ§Žμ€ μœ ν˜•μ„ 가진
03:39
of which there are many types in the cell,
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이 도넛 λͺ¨μ–‘μ˜ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€
03:41
all seem to act to rip apart structures
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λͺ¨λ‘ 기본적으둜 쀑앙 ꡬ멍을 톡해
03:44
by basically pulling individual proteins through a central hole.
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κ°œλ³„ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ μž‘μ•„λ‹Ήκ²¨ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λœ―μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
When these kinds of proteins don't work properly,
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이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ“€μ΄ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
03:50
the types of proteins that are supposed to get taken apart
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λΆ„ν•΄λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ“€μ΄
03:52
can sometimes stick together and aggregate
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μ„œλ‘œ 엉겨 λΆ™μ–΄
03:55
and that can give rise to terrible diseases, such as Alzheimer's.
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μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έμ™€ 같은 λ”μ°ν•œ μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
And now let's take a look at the nucleus,
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이제 μΈκ°„μ˜ κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ DNA ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μˆ˜μš©ν•˜λŠ”
04:01
which houses our genome in the form of DNA.
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핡에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
In all of our cells,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€λ‹Œ λͺ¨λ“  μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ,
04:05
our DNA is cared for and maintained by a diverse set of proteins.
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우리의 DNAλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ— μ˜ν•΄ κ΄€λ¦¬λ˜κ³  μœ μ§€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
DNA is wound around proteins called histones,
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DNAλŠ” νžˆμŠ€ν†€μ΄λΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ μ£Όμœ„μ— 감겨 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
04:13
which enable cells to pack large amounts of DNA into our nucleus.
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이것은 세포가 λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ DNAλ₯Ό 우리의 핡에 넣을 수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
These machines are called chromatin remodelers,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기계듀은 μ—Όμƒ‰μ§ˆ 리λͺ¨λΈλ§μ΄λΌκ³  뢈리고,
04:20
and the way they work is that they basically scoot the DNA
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기본적으둜 DNAλ₯Ό
04:23
around these histones
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이 νžˆμŠ€ν†€ 주변에 λŒλ¦¬λ©΄μ„œ
04:24
and they allow new pieces of DNA to become exposed.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ DNA 쑰각듀이 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜λ„λ‘ μž‘λ™ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
This DNA can then be recognized by other machinery.
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이 DNAλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 기계에 μ˜ν•΄ 인식될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
In this case, this large molecular machine
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이 경우, 이 큰 λΆ„μž μž₯μΉ˜λŠ”
04:33
is looking for a segment of DNA
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μœ μ „μž ν˜•μ„± μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ”
04:35
that tells it it's at the beginning of a gene.
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DNA의 ν•œ 뢀뢄을 μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
Once it finds a segment,
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일단 ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„λ₯Ό 찾으면,
04:39
it basically undergoes a series of shape changes
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기본적으둜 일련의 ν˜•νƒœ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ²ͺ게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
which enables it to bring in other machinery
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이 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 톡해 λ‹€λ₯Έ 기계듀을 듀여와
04:44
that in turn allows a gene to get turned on or transcribed.
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μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό ν™œμ„±ν™” μ‹œν‚€κ±°λ‚˜ λ³€ν™˜λ  수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
This has to be a very tightly regulated process,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 과정은 맀우 μ—„κ²©νžˆ ν†΅μ œλ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
because turning on the wrong gene at the wrong time
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ 잘λͺ»λœ μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό 잘λͺ»λœ μ‹œκ°„μ— μΌœλŠ” 것은
04:54
can have disastrous consequences.
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λΉ„μ°Έν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:57
Scientists are now able to use protein machines
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이제 κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ νŽΈμ§‘ν•˜λŠ” 데
05:00
to edit genomes.
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λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ 기계λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
I'm sure all of you have heard of CRISPR.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘ 크리슀퍼(CRISPR)에 λŒ€ν•΄ 듀어보셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
CRISPR takes advantage of a protein known as Cas9,
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ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€νΌλŠ” Cas9라고 μ•Œλ €μ§„ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
05:06
which can be engineered to recognize and cut
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이 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ DNA의 맀우 νŠΉμ •ν•œ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό
05:09
a very specific sequence of DNA.
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μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  자λ₯΄λ„둝 섀계될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
In this example,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€μ˜ 경우,
05:13
two Cas9 proteins are being used to excise a problematic piece of DNA.
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두 개의 Cas9 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ DNA의 문제 쑰각을 μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
For example, a part of a gene that may give rise to a disease.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μ „μž 일뢀λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
05:21
Cellular machinery is then used
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세포 κΈ°κ³„λŠ” DNA의 두 끝을
05:22
to basically glue two ends of the DNA back together.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λΆ™μ΄λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
As a molecular animator,
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λΆ„μž μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄ν„°λ‘œμ„œ,
05:27
one of my biggest challenges is visualizing uncertainty.
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μ €μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 도전 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ„ μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
All of the animations I've shown to you represent hypotheses,
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μ œκ°€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦° λͺ¨λ“  μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜μ€
05:34
how my collaborators think a process works,
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제 ν˜‘λ ₯μžλ“€μ΄ 가진 μ΅œμƒμ˜ 정보λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
05:36
based on the best information that they have.
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ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€ μž‘λ™ 가섀을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
But for a lot of molecular processes,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Žμ€ λΆ„μž κ³Όμ •μ˜ 경우,
05:40
we're still really at the early stages of understanding things,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 사물을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 초기 단계에 있으며
05:43
and there's a lot to learn.
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λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•  것이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
The truth is
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사싀을 λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄,
05:46
that these invisible molecular worlds are vast and largely unexplored.
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이런 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” λΆ„μžμ„Έκ³„λŠ” κ΄‘λŒ€ν•˜κ³  λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ―Έκ°œμ²™ λΆ„μ•ΌλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
To me, these molecular landscapes
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제게 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ, λΆ„μž 광경은
05:53
are just as exciting to explore as a natural world
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우리 μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μžμ—° μ„Έκ³„λ§ŒνΌ
05:56
that's visible all around us.
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νƒν—˜ν•˜κΈ°μ— ν₯미둜운 κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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