What role does luck play in your life? | Barry Schwartz

171,639 views ・ 2020-10-07

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyesu Jeong κ²€ν† : DK Kim
μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
이 μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ 강연을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ μ˜κ΄‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ €λŠ” 였늘 운과 μ •μ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
Hello, everybody.
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00:14
I'm honored to be here to talk to you,
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λ‘˜μ˜ 관계에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„μš”.
λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „, μ˜› μ œμžκ°€ 제게 μ „ν™”λ₯Ό ν•΄μ„œ
00:18
and what I'm going to talk about today is luck and justice
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 딸에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
00:23
and the relation between them.
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딸이 고등학ꡐ 3학년인데
00:26
Some years ago,
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00:27
a former student of mine called me
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μŠ€μ™€μŠ€λͺ¨μ–΄ λŒ€ν•™μ— μ •λ§λ‘œ κ°€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
to talk about his daughter.
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μ œκ°€ κ°•μ˜ν•˜λ˜ κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
00:33
It turns out his daughter was a high school senior,
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μ œμžκ°€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆλ˜ 것은
딸이 μŠ€μ™€μŠ€λͺ¨μ–΄μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ„μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 제 μƒκ°μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
was seriously interested in applying to Swarthmore,
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μŠ€μ™€μŠ€λͺ¨μ–΄λŠ” μž…ν•™ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ λͺΉμ‹œ μ–΄λ €μš΄ ν•™κ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
where I taught,
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00:41
and he wanted to get my sense of whether she would get in.
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μ „ 딸에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말해보라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŠ” 딸에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
Swarthmore is an extremely hard school to get into.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 성적과 수λŠ₯ 점수,
ꡐ과 μ™Έμ˜ ν™œλ™μ€ μ–΄λ– ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
So I said, "Well, tell me about her."
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό 멋진 μ•„μ΄λ‘œ 마치 μˆ˜νΌμŠ€νƒ€ κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
And he told me about her,
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00:56
what her grades were like, her board scores,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œμžλ„€ 딸은 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 것 κ°™λ„€.
00:58
her extracurricular activities.
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μŠ€μ™€μŠ€λͺ¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ 데렀였고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν• 
01:01
And she just sounded like a superstar,
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μœ ν˜•μ˜ 학생 κ°™μ•„ 보이넀.”
01:03
wonderful, wonderful kid.
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그러자 κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ, β€œλ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λ§μ”€μ΄μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?”
01:06
So I said, "She sounds fabulous.
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01:08
She sounds like just the kind of student
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μ „ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œκ·Έκ±΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλ„€.”
01:10
that Swarthmore would love to have."
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β€œμŠ€μ™€μŠ€λͺ¨μ–΄μ—λŠ”
01:14
And so he said, "Well, does that mean that she'll get in?"
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μž˜ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ 데렀올 만큼 μžλ¦¬κ°€ μΆ©λΆ„μΉ˜ μ•Šμ•„.
01:18
And I said, "No.
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ν•˜λ²„λ“œ, 예일, ν”„λ¦°μŠ€ν„΄, μŠ€νƒ νΌλ“œμ—λ„ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μžλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ§€.
01:20
There just aren't enough spots in the Swarthmore class
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ꡬ글, μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄, μ• ν”Œμ—λ„ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μžλ¦¬λŠ” μ—†κ³ .
01:25
for everybody who's good.
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01:26
There aren't enough spots at Harvard or Yale or Princeton or Stanford.
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TED Conference도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λΌλ„€.
01:30
There aren't enough spots at Google or Amazon or Apple.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 수의 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” μ›ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ 얻지 λͺ»ν•  κ±°μ•Ό.”
01:35
There aren't enough spots at the TED Conference.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œκ·ΈλŸ¬λ©΄ μ €ν¬λŠ” 뭘 ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?”
01:40
There are an awful lot of good people,
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μ „ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œμ •λ§ 쒋은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄λ„€.”
01:42
and some of them are not going to make it."
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 뭘 ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
01:46
So he said, "Well, what are we supposed to do?"
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μ €λŠ” λŒ€ν•™λ“€μ΄ ν•΄μ˜¨ λ…Έλ ₯듀을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
And I said, "That's a very good question."
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곡정성을 μœ„ν•΄,
01:53
What are we supposed to do?
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λŒ€ν•™λ“€μ€ μž…ν•™ 기쀀을 점점 μ˜¬λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
And I know what colleges and universities have done.
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μžκ²©μ„ 덜 κ°–μΆ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μž…ν•™μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
02:00
In the interest of fairness,
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02:03
what they've done is they've kept ratcheting up the standards
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μžκ²©μ„ 더 κ°–μΆ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ–¨μ–΄λœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” 게 κ³΅μ •ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보이지 μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
because it doesn't seem fair to admit less qualified people
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ κ·Έμ € 기쀀을 계속 μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
기쀀이 μ•„μ£Ό λ†’μ•„μ„œ
02:14
and reject better qualified people,
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감당할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ ν•™μƒλ§Œ μž…ν•™μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€μš”.
02:16
so you just keep raising the standards higher and higher
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것은 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜
02:21
until they're high enough that you can admit
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μ •μ˜μ™€ 곡정함에 λŒ€ν•œ 생각에 λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
only the number of students that you can fit.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ ˆμ°¨κ°€ μ •λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λŠ” 것이
02:27
And this violates a lot of people's sense of what justice and fairness is.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ˜λ―ΈμΈμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ˜κ²¬λ“€μ΄ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 제 생각에 거의 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ™μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 게 ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆλŠ”λ°,
02:34
People in American society have different opinions
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μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ³  κ³΅μ •ν•œ μ²΄κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:37
about what it means to say that some sort of process is just,
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μžμ‹ μ΄ λ§ˆλ•…νžˆ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•  것을 λ°›λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
but I think there's one thing that pretty much everyone agrees on,
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μ œκ°€ μ˜› μ œμžμ—κ²Œ
02:44
that in a just system, a fair system,
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λŒ€ν•™ μž…ν•™μ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν–ˆλ˜ 말은
02:47
people get what they deserve.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ μ΄ λ§ˆλ•…νžˆ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•  것을 λ°›λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 건 사싀이 μ•„λ‹ˆλž€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
And what I was telling my former student
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό λ§ˆλ•…ν•  것을 μ–»κ³  또 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
is that when it comes to college admissions,
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그게 ν˜„μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
it just isn't true that people get what they deserve.
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λŒ€ν•™μ΄ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν–ˆλ“―, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μš”κ΅¬ 쑰건을 μ‘°κΈˆμ”© 올릴 λ•Œ
03:01
Some people get what they deserve, and some people don't,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•œ 것은 고등학생듀 사이에 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ κ²½μŸμ„ λ§Œλ“  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
and that's just the way it is.
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03:08
When you ratchet up requirements as colleges have done,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μž˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
03:11
what you do is you create a crazy competition
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ν•„μš”ν•œ 만큼 μž˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλ„ μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ ,
같이 μ§€μ›ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  이듀보닀 더 μž˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
among high school kids,
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03:17
because it's not adequate to be good,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ΄ ν•œ 일은,
ν˜Ήμ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ΄ μœ λ°œν•œ 것은,
03:20
it's not adequate to be good enough,
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λΆˆμ•ˆκ³Ό 우울증의 ν™•μ‚°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
you have to be better than everybody else who is also applying.
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이건 μ‹­ λŒ€λ“€μ„ λ§κ°€λœ¨λ¦΄ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
And what this has done,
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03:28
or what this has contributed to,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 경쟁으둜 ν•œ μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό λ§κ°€λœ¨λ¦¬κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
is a kind of epidemic of anxiety and depression
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μ €λŠ” 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€κ°€ 이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  방법이 λ– μ˜¬λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
that is just crushing our teenagers.
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03:37
We are wrecking a generation with this kind of competition.
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
As I was thinking about this,
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학생듀이 λŒ€ν•™μ— 지원할 λ•Œ
03:42
it occurred to me there's a way to fix this problem.
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μ§€μ›μžλ“€μ„ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•΄μ„œ
μ„±κ³΅ν•˜κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 그렇지 μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ 
03:46
And here's what we could do:
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03:49
when people apply to college,
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그렇지 μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ νƒˆλ½μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
we distinguish between the applicants who are good enough to be successful
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남은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λͺ¨μ•„μ„œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 이름을 λͺ¨μž μ•ˆμ— λ„£κ³ ,
03:57
and the ones who aren't,
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λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ κ³ λ₯Έ λ‹€μŒμ— ν•©κ²©μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
and we reject the ones who aren't good enough to be successful,
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04:02
and then we take all of the others, and we put their names in a hat,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 말둜, λŒ€ν•™ μž…ν•™μ„ μΆ”μ²¨μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
and we just pick them out at random
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄
04:08
and admit them.
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기술 νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 사원 μ„ λ°œμ„ μΆ”μ²¨μœΌλ‘œ ν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있고
04:10
In other words, we do college admissions by lottery,
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그리고, 말도 μ•ˆ λ˜μ§€λ§Œ,
TED κ°•μ—°μžλ₯Ό μ΄ˆμ²­ν•˜λŠ” 것 μ—­μ‹œ
04:14
and maybe we do job offers at tech companies by lottery,
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μΆ”μ²¨μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ˜€ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λ§μ•„μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
04:20
and -- perish the thought --
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04:21
maybe we even make decisions about who gets invited to talk at TED
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 좔첨이 뢀당함을 없앨 순 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ§ˆλ•…νžˆ κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•  것을 얻지 λͺ»ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ§Žμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
by lottery.
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04:27
Now, don't misunderstand me,
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04:29
a lottery like this is not going to eliminate the injustice.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΅œμ†Œν•œ 이 방식은 μ •μ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 방식은 뢀당함을 μžˆλŠ” κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
There will still be plenty of people who don't get what they deserve.
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그렇지 μ•Šμ€ μ²™ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
But at least it's honest.
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그리고 이 방식은 고등학생 아이듀을 μ§“λˆ„λ₯΄λŠ”
04:40
It reveals the injustice for what it is instead of pretending otherwise,
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λ¬΄μ§€λ§‰μ§€ν•œ μ••λ ₯ 풍선에 ꡬ멍을 λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
and it punctures the incredible pressure balloon
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ 합리적인 μ œμ•ˆμ΄,
04:49
that our high school kids are now living under.
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λ§Œμ•½ μ œκ°€ λ§ν•œ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œλΌλ©΄,
μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ§„μ§€ν•œ μ˜λ…Όλ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄λ‚΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
04:54
So why is it that this perfectly reasonable proposal,
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μ €λŠ” 이유λ₯Ό μ•Œ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이런 생각을 μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
if I do say so myself,
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05:00
doesn't get any serious discussion?
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μΈμƒμ—μ„œ 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것듀이
05:03
I think I know why.
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μš΄μ΄λ‚˜ μš°μ—°μ— μ˜ν•΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€λŠ” 생각,
05:05
I think it's that we hate the idea
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μΈμƒμ—μ„œ 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것듀이 우리의 ν†΅μ œν•˜μ— μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” μƒκ°μ΄μš”.
05:08
that really important things in life might happen by luck or by chance,
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저도 그런 생각이 μ‹«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 그런 생각을 μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ†€λžμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
that really important things in our lives are not under our control.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이게 κ·Έμ € ν˜„μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
I hate that idea.
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무엇보닀,
05:21
It's not surprising that people hate that idea,
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λŒ€ν•™ μž…μ‹œλŠ” 이미 μΆ”μ²¨μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
but it simply is the way things are.
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단지 μž…ν•™μ²˜μ—μ„œ 그렇지 μ•Šμ€ μ²™ν•  λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
First of all, college admissions already is a lottery.
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솔직해져 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
두 번째.
λ§Œμ•½ λŒ€ν•™ μž…μ‹œκ°€ μΆ”μ²¨μ œλΌκ³  μΈμ •ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
05:33
It's just that the admissions officers pretend that it isn't.
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일생 거의 λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒλ“€μ—μ„œ
05:37
So let's be honest about it.
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05:39
And second,
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운의 μ€‘μš”μ„±λ„ μΈμ •ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
I think if we appreciated that it was a lottery,
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μ €μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
05:44
it would also get us to acknowledge the importance of good fortune
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μ €μ˜ μΈμƒμ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ κ°€μž₯ 의미 있던 일 거의 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ”
05:48
in almost every one of our lives.
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05:50
Take me.
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거의 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ ν–‰μš΄μ˜ κ²°κ³Όμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
Almost all the most significant events in my life have occurred,
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μ œκ°€ 7ν•™λ…„μ΄μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ 우리 가쑱은 λ‰΄μš•μ„ λ– λ‚˜μ„œ
μ›¨μŠ€νŠΈμ²΄μŠ€ν„° μΉ΄μš΄ν‹°λ‘œ κ°”μ£ .
05:58
to a large degree,
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05:59
as a result of good luck.
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ν•™κΈ°κ°€ 막 μ‹œμž‘ν•  λ•Œ, μ‚¬λž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ†Œλ…€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬κ³  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
When I was in seventh grade, my family left New York
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ €μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μΉœν•œ 진ꡬ가 λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
06:06
and went to Westchester County.
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제 μ—¬μž μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
06:08
Right at the beginning of school,
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06:10
I met a lovely young girl who became my friend,
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그리고 제 μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ²Œλ„ 이제 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 제 μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ λœμ§€ 52λ…„μ§Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
then she became my best friend,
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06:15
then she became my girlfriend
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μ œκ°€ ν•œ 일은 거의 μ—†κ³  운이 쒋은 μš°μ—°μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ 것이죠.
06:18
and then she became my wife.
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06:21
Happily, she's been my wife now
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μ €λŠ” λŒ€ν•™μ— μ§„ν•™ν–ˆκ³ 
06:23
for 52 years.
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첫 학기에 μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™κ°œλ‘ μ„ μˆ˜κ°•ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
I had very little to do with this. This was a lucky accident.
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μ €λŠ” 심리학이 무엇인지쑰차 μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
06:30
I went off to college,
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μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™κ°œλ‘ μ΄ 제 μ‹œκ°„ν‘œμ— λ§žμ•˜κ³ , μš”κ΅¬ 쑰건을 λ§Œμ‘±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
and in my first semester, I signed up for a class in introduction to psychology.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μˆ˜κ°•ν–ˆλŠ”λ° μš°μ—°ν•˜κ²Œλ„
μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™κ°œλ‘ μ˜ 전섀적인 μˆ˜νΌμŠ€νƒ€ κ΅μˆ˜κ°€ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:37
I didn't even know what psychology was,
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06:39
but it fit into my schedule and it met requirements,
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06:41
so I took it.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 심리학을 μ „κ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
And by luck, the class was taught
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06:45
by a superstar introductory psychology teacher, a legend.
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λŒ€ν•™μ›μ— κ°”κ³ , 마무리 μ§“λ˜ μ€‘μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
μŠ€μ™€μŠ€λͺ¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό ν•˜λ˜ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€
06:50
Because of that, I became a psychology major.
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더 이상 ꡐ수λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•Šλ‹€κ³  κ²°μ •ν–ˆκ³ 
06:54
Went off to graduate school.
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의과 λŒ€ν•™μ— μ§„ν•™ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ΅μˆ˜μ§μ„ κ·Έλ§Œλ‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
I was finishing up.
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06:57
A friend of mine who taught at Swarthmore decided
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κ·Έκ°€ 있던 μžλ¦¬κ°€ 곡석이 λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
07:00
he didn't want to be a professor anymore,
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μ œκ°€ 지원을 ν–ˆκ³  κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
and so he quit to go to medical school.
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μ œκ°€ μ§€μ›ν–ˆλ˜ μœ μΌν•œ μΌμžλ¦¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ €λŠ” μ €μ˜ 직업에 λ§‰μ‹¬ν•œ 영ν–₯을 미친 기관인
07:07
The job that he occupied opened up,
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07:09
I applied for it, I got it,
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μŠ€μ™€μŠ€λͺ¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ 45λ…„κ°„ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
the only job I've ever applied for.
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07:14
I spent 45 years teaching at Swarthmore,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 예λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ 더 λ“€μžλ©΄,
제 일에 κ΄€ν•΄ λ‰΄μš•μ—μ„œ κ°•μ—°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
an institution that had an enormous impact on the shape that my career took.
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청쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이 강연이 λλ‚œ λ’€ μ €μ—κ²Œ μ°Ύμ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
And to just give one last example,
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07:24
I was giving a talk about some of my work in New York,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ„ μ†Œκ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œμ œ 이름은 ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
β€œTEDμ—μ„œ 강연해보지 μ•ŠμœΌμ‹œκ² μ–΄μš”?”
07:28
and there was somebody in the audience who came up to me after my talk.
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제 닡은 β€˜TEDκ°€ λ­‘λ‹ˆκΉŒ?β€™μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
He introduced himself.
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07:34
He said, "My name is Chris.
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제 말은, κ·Έκ°€ 제게 κΆŒμœ ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°κ³ ,
07:35
Would you like to give a talk at TED?"
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κ·Έλ•Œ TEDλŠ” μ§€κΈˆ 같지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
And my response was, "What's TED?"
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ‡ 년이 μ§€λ‚œ 사이
μ œκ°€ TEDμ—μ„œ ν–ˆλ˜ 강연은 2천만이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
Well, I mean, he told me,
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07:45
and TED then wasn't what it is now.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €μ˜ 결둠은, μ €λŠ” 운이 쒋은 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
But in the intervening years,
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07:50
the talks I've given at TED have been watched
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κ²°ν˜Όμ—μ„œλ„ 운이 μ’‹κ³ , κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œλ„ 운이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
by more than 20 million people.
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μ§μ—…μ—μ„œλ„ 운이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
TED 같은 λ¬΄λŒ€μ—μ„œ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것도 운이 μ’‹μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
So the conclusion is, I'm a lucky man.
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07:58
I'm lucky about my marriage.
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08:00
I'm lucky about my education.
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μ œκ°€ 이런 성곡을 λˆ„λ¦΄ 자격이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
08:02
I'm lucky about my career.
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08:04
And I'm lucky to have had a platform and a voice at something like TED.
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λ¬Όλ‘  그런 μ„±κ³΅μ˜ 자격이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 성곡에 자격이 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒνΌμ΄μš”.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
08:10
Did I deserve the success I've had?
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μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 같은 성곡을 ν•  자격이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
08:12
Sure I deserve that success,
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08:14
just as you probably deserve your success.
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μ„±κ³΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
But lots of people also deserve successes like ours
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ§ˆλ•…νžˆ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•  것을 λ‹€ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” κ³΅μ •ν•œκ°€μš”?
08:22
who haven't had it.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
정해진 λŒ€λ‘œ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν•˜κ³  λ…ΈλŠ” 것은
08:25
So do people get what they deserve?
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아무것도 보μž₯해주지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
Is society just?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λΆ€λ‹Ήν•¨μ˜ λΆˆκ°€ν”Όμ„±μ„ 받아듀인닀면,
08:31
Of course not.
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08:32
Working hard and playing by the rules is just no guarantee of anything.
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그리고 ν–‰μš΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 물어봐야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
If we appreciate the inevitability of this kind of injustice
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆλŠ”κ°€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 팬데믹 μ‹œκΈ°μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ˜μ›…μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
08:43
and the centrality of good fortune,
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08:45
we might ask ourselves
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 가쑱에 큰 병이 λ‹₯μΉ  λ•Œ
08:48
what responsibilities do we have
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08:50
to the people we are now celebrating as heroes in this time of the pandemic
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 삢을 μ˜¨μ „νžˆ μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³ 
치료 λΉ„μš© λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 삢이 망가지지 μ•Šκ²Œ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜λŠ” 이듀에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
when a serious illness befalls their family
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08:59
to make sure that they remain whole and their lives aren't ruined
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ λΉšμ§„ 게 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?
κ³ κ΅°λΆ„νˆ¬ν•˜κ³ , μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬λ³΄λ‹€ 운이 덜 쒋은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œμš”.
09:03
by the cost of dealing with the illness?
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μ•½ 50λ…„ μ „,
09:07
What do we owe people who struggle,
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μ² ν•™μž μ‘΄ λ‘€μŠ€κ°€ β€˜μ •μ˜λ‘ β€™μ΄λΌλŠ” 책을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
work hard and are less lucky than we are?
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μ±…μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” β€˜λ¬΄μ§€μ˜ λ² μΌβ€™μ΄λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
About a half century ago,
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09:17
the philosopher John Rawls wrote a book called "A Theory of Justice,"
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κ·Έκ°€ μ œκΈ°ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μ²˜ν•  μ§€μœ„λ₯Ό μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
09:21
and in that book, he introduced a concept that he called "the veil of ignorance."
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ–΄λ–€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:26
The question he posed was:
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09:28
If you didn't know what your position in society was going to be,
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그리고 κ·Έκ°€ μ œμ•ˆν•œ 것은
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μƒμΈ΅λΆ€λ‘œ μ§„μž…ν• μ§€ ν•˜μΈ΅λΆ€λ‘œ μ§„μž…ν• μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯Ό λ•Œ
09:34
what kind of a society would you want to create?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„μ£Ό ν‰λ“±ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
And what he suggested
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09:39
is that when we don't know whether we're going to enter society
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그러면 λΆˆμš΄ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ‘°μ°¨λ„
ν’ˆμœ„ 있고, 의미 있고, 만쑱슀러운 삢을 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
at the top or at the bottom,
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09:44
what we want is a society that is pretty damn equal,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 운이 μ’‹κ³  μ„±κ³΅ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€
09:48
so that even the unlucky
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09:50
will be able to live decent, meaningful and satisfying lives.
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지역 μ‚¬νšŒλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ
우리만큼 성곡할 λ§Œν•œ 자격이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
09:55
So bring this back, all of you lucky, successful people, to your communities,
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단지 운이 λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‘΄μ€‘ν•˜κ³  돌볼 수 있게
10:01
and do what you can to make sure that we honor and take care of
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것을 ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
people who are just as deserving of success as we are,
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10:12
but just not as lucky.
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10:14
Thank you.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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