What role does luck play in your life? | Barry Schwartz

Translator: Nozima Rahmatullayeva Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

Hello, everybody.

Hammaga salom.

I'm honored to be here to talk to you,

Siz bilan suhatlashish men uchun sharaf,

and what I'm going to talk about today is luck and justice

va bugun men omad va adolat hamda

and the relation between them.

ularning aloqadorligini gapirmoqchiman.

Some years ago,

Bir necha yil oldin

a former student of mine called me

mening sobiq talabam qizi haqida gaplashish uchun

to talk about his daughter.

menga qo'ng'iroq qildi.

It turns out his daughter was a high school senior,

Uning litseyning yuqori sinfida o'qiydigan qizi

was seriously interested in applying to Swarthmore,

men ta'lim beradigan Svartmor kollejiga hujjat topshirishni

where I taught,

jin dildan istar ekan,

and he wanted to get my sense of whether she would get in.

u qizi o'qishga kira olish yo kirmasligi haqida mening fikrimni bilmoqchi edi.

Swarthmore is an extremely hard school to get into.

Svatmorga o'qishga kirish juda ham qiyin.

So I said, "Well, tell me about her."

Shu sababdan "Menga u haqida gapirib berchi?" dedim.

And he told me about her,

Va u qizi haqida,

what her grades were like, her board scores,

uning baholari, imtihonda to'plagan ballari haqida,

her extracurricular activities.

darsdan tashqari mashg'ulotlari haqida gapirib berdi.

And she just sounded like a superstar,

U shunchaki super yulduzligi ayon edi,

wonderful, wonderful kid.

ajoyib, juda ham ajoyib qiz.

So I said, "She sounds fabulous.

Shuda men "U misli ko'rilmagan ajoyib qiz.

She sounds like just the kind of student

U Svartmor ega bo'lishni istaydigan

that Swarthmore would love to have."

talabaning aynan o'zi ekanligi ko'rinib turibdi" dedim.

And so he said, "Well, does that mean that she'll get in?"

Shunda u "Demak, bu u o'qishga kira oladi deganimi?" deb so'radi.

And I said, "No.

Men esa "Yo'q" deb javob berdim.

There just aren't enough spots in the Swarthmore class

"Svartmor sinfida yaxshi odamlar uchun

for everybody who's good.

yetarlicha joy yo'q.

There aren't enough spots at Harvard or Yale or Princeton or Stanford.

Garvardda ham, Yelda ham, Prinstonda ham, Stendfordda ham joylar yetarli emas.

There aren't enough spots at Google or Amazon or Apple.

Google, Amazon yoki Appleda ham joylar yetarli emas.

There aren't enough spots at the TED Conference.

Hattoki, TED konferensiyasida ham joylar yetarli emas.

There are an awful lot of good people,

Yaxshi insonlar juda ham ko'p,

and some of them are not going to make it."

lekin ba'zilari buni uddalay olmaydi".

So he said, "Well, what are we supposed to do?"

U esa "Xo'sh, unda biz nima qilishimiz kerak?" dedi.

And I said, "That's a very good question."

Va men "Bu juda ham yaxshi savol" dedim.

What are we supposed to do?

Biz nima qilishimiz kerak?

And I know what colleges and universities have done.

Men kollej va universitetlar yo'l tutganini bilaman.

Adolatli bo'lishi uchun

In the interest of fairness,

what they've done is they've kept ratcheting up the standards

ular me'zonlarni oshirishni davom ettirgan,

because it doesn't seem fair to admit less qualified people

chunki malakasi kam odamlarni qabul qilish va

and reject better qualified people,

yuqori malakalilarni rad etish adolatsizlik bo'lardi,

so you just keep raising the standards higher and higher

shuning uchun standartlar o'zingiz mos bo'lgan talabalar safidan joy olishingiz

until they're high enough that you can admit

uchun yetarli darajada yuqori bo'lmagunicha

only the number of students that you can fit.

siz ularni yanada yuqoriroq darajada ko'tarishda davom etaverasiz.

And this violates a lot of people's sense of what justice and fairness is.

Bu esa ko'p odamlarning adolat va xolislik haqidagi fikrini butunlay o'zgartiradi.

People in American society have different opinions

Amerika jamiyatida odamlar biror-bir jarayonni adolatli deyish

about what it means to say that some sort of process is just,

qanday ma'noni anglatishi haqida turlicha fikrga ega,

but I think there's one thing that pretty much everyone agrees on,

lekin menimcha, deyarli barcha insonlar aynan bitta fikrga qo'shilishadi,

that in a just system, a fair system,

qonuniylik tizimida, adolat tizimida

people get what they deserve.

odamlar o'zi loyiq narsagagina erishadi.

And what I was telling my former student

Men sobiq talabamga o'qishga kirish haqida gap ketganda

is that when it comes to college admissions,

odamlar o'zlari munosib bo'lgan narsaga erishishlari

it just isn't true that people get what they deserve.

shunchaki haqiqat emasligi haqida aytdim.

Some people get what they deserve, and some people don't,

Ba'zi insonlari o'zlari munosib bo'lgan narsalarga erishishadi,

and that's just the way it is.

ba'zilari esa yo'q, hayot o'zi shunday.

When you ratchet up requirements as colleges have done,

Agar siz kollej talablarini qondirsangiz

what you do is you create a crazy competition

siz o'rta maktab o'quvchilari o'rtasida

among high school kids,

juda kuchli raqobatni yaratasiz,

because it's not adequate to be good,

chunki yaxshi bo'lishning o'zi yetarli emas,

it's not adequate to be good enough,

talablarni qondirish ham yetarli emas,

you have to be better than everybody else who is also applying.

siz boshqa hujjat topshirgan barcha talabalardan yaxshiroq bo'lishingiz kerak.

And what this has done,

Xo'sh, bu nimaga olib keldi,

or what this has contributed to,

yoki nimaga hissa qo'shdi,

is a kind of epidemic of anxiety and depression

bu shunchaki o'smirlarimizni ezib kelayotgan

that is just crushing our teenagers.

xavotir va depressiya epidemiyasi edi xolos.

We are wrecking a generation with this kind of competition.

Biz bunday raqobat bilan butun avlodni barbod qilyabmiz.

As I was thinking about this,

Men bu haqida o'ylar ekanman

it occurred to me there's a way to fix this problem.

bu muammoni hal qilishning bir usuli borligi xayolimga keldi.

And here's what we could do:

Xo'sh, biz nima qilishimiz mumkin:

when people apply to college,

insonlar kollejga hujjat topshirgan paytda

we distinguish between the applicants who are good enough to be successful

biz abituriyentlarni muvaffaqiyatga erisha oladigan va

and the ones who aren't,

erisha olmaydiganlarga ajiratib olamiz,

and we reject the ones who aren't good enough to be successful,

va muvaffaqiyatga erisha olmaydiganlarni rad etamiz,

and then we take all of the others, and we put their names in a hat,

keyin boshqalarning barchasini olib ularning ismlarini ko'rib chiqamiz,

and we just pick them out at random

biz o'ylab o'tirmasdan ularni tanlab olamiz

and admit them.

va ularni o'qishga qabul qilamiz.

In other words, we do college admissions by lottery,

Boshqacha qilib aytganda, kollejga qabulni lotereya orqali amalga oshiramiz,

and maybe we do job offers at tech companies by lottery,

balki biz texnologik kompaniyalarda ish takliflarini ham lotereya orqali berarmiz,

and -- perish the thought --

bu ahmoqona fikrni unutamiz,

maybe we even make decisions about who gets invited to talk at TED

ehtimol TED da nutq so'zlash uchun kimni taklif qilishimizni ham

by lottery.

lotereyadan aniqlarmiz.

Now, don't misunderstand me,

Hozir meni noto'g'ri tushunmang,

a lottery like this is not going to eliminate the injustice.

bunday lotereya adolatsizlikni bartaraf eta olmaydi.

There will still be plenty of people who don't get what they deserve.

Shunda ham o'zlari munosib narsaga erisha olmaydigan odamlar ko'p bo'laveradi.

But at least it's honest.

Lekin bu oz bo'lsa ham adolatdan bo'lardi.

It reveals the injustice for what it is instead of pretending otherwise,

Boshqacha ko'rsatish o'rniga u nima uchun adolatsizlik bo'lganini ochib berardi,

and it punctures the incredible pressure balloon

va u hozir bizning o'rta maktab o'quvchilarimiz yashayotgan

that our high school kids are now living under.

juda katta bosim pufagini yorib yuboradi.

So why is it that this perfectly reasonable proposal,

Xo'sh, nima sababdan bu juda ham o'rinli taklif,

if I do say so myself,

agar men o'zimga shunday desam,

doesn't get any serious discussion?

bu jiddiy munozaraga sabab bo'lmaydimi?

I think I know why.

Buning sababini bilaman.

I think it's that we hate the idea

O'ylaymanki, biz mana bunday fikrni yomon ko'ramiz:

that really important things in life might happen by luck or by chance,

hayotdagi eng muhim narsalar omad yoki tasodifan sodir bo'lishi mumkin,

that really important things in our lives are not under our control.

hayotimizdagi chindan ham muhim voqealar bizning nazoratimiz ostida emas.

I hate that idea.

Men bu fikrni yomon ko'raman.

It's not surprising that people hate that idea,

Insonlar bu fikrni yoqtirmasliklari ajablanarli hol emas,

but it simply is the way things are.

lekin bu shunchaki oddiy haqiqat.

First of all, college admissions already is a lottery.

Birinchidan kollejga kirish allaqachon lotereya orqali amalga oshiriladi.

It's just that the admissions officers pretend that it isn't.

Shunchaki qabul komissiyasi aslida unday bo'lmaganday qilib ko'rsatishadi.

So let's be honest about it.

Keling bu narsaga vijdonan yondashaylik.

And second,

Va ikkinchidan,

I think if we appreciated that it was a lottery,

o'ylaymanki, agar biz buni lotereya ekanligini tushunib yetsak,

it would also get us to acknowledge the importance of good fortune

bu hayotimizning deyarli har bir qismida omad juda ham muhimligini

in almost every one of our lives.

anglab yetishimizga yordam beradi.

Take me.

Misol uchun meni olaylik.

Almost all the most significant events in my life have occurred,

Hayotimdagi deyarli barcha eng muhim voqealar

to a large degree,

asosan

as a result of good luck.

omad tufayli sodir bo'lgan.

When I was in seventh grade, my family left New York

Men yettinchi sinfligimda oilam bilan Nyu-Yorkdan ketib,

and went to Westchester County.

Vestchester okrugiga ko'chib o'tdik.

Right at the beginning of school,

O'quv yilining boshida

I met a lovely young girl who became my friend,

men juda yoqimtoy qiz bilan tanishdim, u mening do'stim bo'ldi,

then she became my best friend,

keyin u mening eng yaqin do'stimga aylandi,

then she became my girlfriend

undan so'ng esa sevgilim bo'ldi,

and then she became my wife.

va nihoyat u mening turmush o'rtog'imga aylandi.

Happily, she's been my wife now

Baxtimga, 52 yildan buyon

for 52 years.

u mening umr yo'ldoshim, hozir ham.

I had very little to do with this. This was a lucky accident.

Bu voqeaga hech qanday aloqam yo'q edi. Bu shunchaki omadli tasodif edi.

I went off to college,

Men kollejga o'qishga kirdim,

and in my first semester, I signed up for a class in introduction to psychology.

va birinchi semestrda, psixologiyaga kirish kursiga yozildim.

I didn't even know what psychology was,

Men hatto psixologiya nimaligini bilmasdim,

but it fit into my schedule and it met requirements,

lekin u mening jadvalimga va talablarimga mos tushdi,

so I took it.

va shu kursni tanladim.

And by luck, the class was taught

Omadni qarangki, darsni

by a superstar introductory psychology teacher, a legend.

mashhur afsonaviy psixologiya o'qituvchisi o'tar edi.

Because of that, I became a psychology major.

Shu sababli men psixologiya fani mutaxassisi bo'lib yetishdim.

Went off to graduate school.

Magistraturaga o'qishga kirdim.

I was finishing up.

Men o'qishni tamomlash arafasida edim.

A friend of mine who taught at Swarthmore decided

Svartmorda dars beradigan do'stim bundan buyog'iga

he didn't want to be a professor anymore,

professor bo'lib ishlamaslikka qaror qildi,

and so he quit to go to medical school.

va tibbiyot maktabiga borish uchun ishdan bo'shadi.

The job that he occupied opened up,

U egallab turgan ish o'rni bo'shadi,

I applied for it, I got it,

men unga ariza topshirib ishga kirdim,

the only job I've ever applied for.

u umrim davomida ariza topshirgan yagona ishim edi.

I spent 45 years teaching at Swarthmore,

45 yil Svartmorda dars berdim,

an institution that had an enormous impact on the shape that my career took.

u karyeram shakllanishiga juda katta ta'sir ko'rsatgan institut edi.

And to just give one last example,

Eng so'nggi misolni aytadigan bo'lsam,

I was giving a talk about some of my work in New York,

men Nyu-Yorkda ba'zi ishlarim haqida ma'ruza o'qiyotgan edim,

and there was somebody in the audience who came up to me after my talk.

ma'ruzadan so'ng tinglovchilarimdan biri meni oldimga keldi.

He introduced himself.

U o'zini tanishtirdi.

He said, "My name is Chris.

U "Mening ismim Kris.

Would you like to give a talk at TED?"

Siz TEDda ma'ruza o'qishni istaysizmi?" dedi.

And my response was, "What's TED?"

Men esa "TED nima?" deya javob qaytardim.

Well, I mean, he told me,

Aytmoqchimanki, u menga bu haqida aytib berdi,

and TED then wasn't what it is now.

va o'sha paytda TED hozirgidek emas edi.

But in the intervening years,

Ammo yillar davomida,

the talks I've given at TED have been watched

mening TEDda qilgan ma'ruzalarimni

by more than 20 million people.

20 milliondan ortiq odam tomosha qildi.

So the conclusion is, I'm a lucky man.

Demak, xulosa shuki, men omadli insonman.

I'm lucky about my marriage.

Oila qurish borasida omadliman.

I'm lucky about my education.

Ta'lim olish borasida omadliman.

I'm lucky about my career.

Men kasb tanlash borasida omadliman.

And I'm lucky to have had a platform and a voice at something like TED.

Va TEDda o'z o'rnim va ovozimga ega bo'lish borasida ham omadliman.

Did I deserve the success I've had?

Men erishgan muvaffaqiyatiga loyiqmidim?

Sure I deserve that success,

Albatta, siz loyiq bo'lganingiz kabi,

just as you probably deserve your success.

men ham bu muvaffaqiyatga munosibman.

But lots of people also deserve successes like ours

Ammo bunday yutuqlarga ega bo'lmagan ko'plab insonlar ham

who haven't had it.

biznikidek muvaffaqiyatlarga munosibdir.

So do people get what they deserve?

Xo'sh, ular o'zi loyiq bo'lgan narsaga erishishadimi?

Is society just?

Jamiyat adolatlimi?

Of course not.

Albatta, yo'q.

Working hard and playing by the rules is just no guarantee of anything.

Qattiq mehnat qilish va qoidalarga muvofiq ish tutish hech narsani kafolatlamaydi.

If we appreciate the inevitability of this kind of injustice

Agar biz bunday adolatsizlikning muqarrarligi va

and the centrality of good fortune,

omadning markaziyligini tushinib yetsak,

we might ask ourselves

o'zimizga bunday savol berishimiz mumkin:

what responsibilities do we have

biz qahramon sifatida hurmat qilayotgan

to the people we are now celebrating as heroes in this time of the pandemic

insonlarimizning oilasi hozirgi pandemiya sharoitida o'gir kasallikka duchor bo'lsa,

when a serious illness befalls their family

ularning sog'lig'ini saqlab qolish va

to make sure that they remain whole and their lives aren't ruined

ularning hayoti kasallik bilan kurashish evaziga barbod bo'lmasligi uchun

by the cost of dealing with the illness?

biz qanday choralar ko'ra olamiz?

What do we owe people who struggle,

Kurashuvchan, qattiq mehnat qiladigan va

work hard and are less lucky than we are?

bizdan omadsizroq insonlardan qanday qarzimiz bor?

About a half century ago,

Taxminan yarim asr ilgari

the philosopher John Rawls wrote a book called "A Theory of Justice,"

faylasuf Jon Rols "Adolat nazariyasi" deb nomlangan kitob yozib,

and in that book, he introduced a concept that he called "the veil of ignorance."

unda "jaholat pardasi" degan tushunchani taqdim etadi.

The question he posed was:

U bir savolni o'rtaga tashlaydi:

If you didn't know what your position in society was going to be,

Agar siz jamiyatdagi mavqeyingiz qanday bo'lishini bilmasangiz,

what kind of a society would you want to create?

o'zingiz qanday jamiyat yaratishni istardingiz?

And what he suggested

Va u shunday taklif bildiradi:

is that when we don't know whether we're going to enter society

biz jamiyatda yuqori yoki quyi o'rinni egallashimizni

at the top or at the bottom,

bilmay turgan paytimizda,

what we want is a society that is pretty damn equal,

jamiyatning shu qadar teng huquqli, adolatli bo'lishini istaymizki,

so that even the unlucky

natijada hattoki, omadsiz insonlar ham

will be able to live decent, meaningful and satisfying lives.

tartibli, mazmunli va shod hayot kechira olsinlar.

So bring this back, all of you lucky, successful people, to your communities,

Bu narsani jamiyatingizga qaytaring, siz barchangiz omadli,muvaffaqiyatli insonsiz,

and do what you can to make sure that we honor and take care of

va biz kabi muvaffaqiyatga loyiq, ammo omadli bo'lmagan insonlarni

people who are just as deserving of success as we are,

hurmat qilishimiz va ularga g'amxo'rlik qilishimiz uchun

but just not as lucky.

barcha imkoniyatlarni ishga soling.

Thank you.

Rahmat.