How women wage conflict without violence | Julia Bacha

72,226 views ・ 2016-09-20

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: JY Kang κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Twelve years ago, I picked up a camera for the first time
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20λ…„μ „, μ €λŠ” 처음으둜 카메라λ₯Ό 손에 λ“€κ³ 
00:17
to film the olive harvest in a Palestinian village in the West Bank.
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μ›¨μŠ€νŠΈλ±…ν¬ 지역 νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ λ§ˆμ„μ˜ 올리브 농μž₯을 μ·¨μž¬ν•˜λŸ¬ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
I thought I was there to make a single documentary
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그곳에 κ°„ λͺ©μ μ€ 짧은 λ‹€νλ©˜ν„°λ¦¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
00:24
and would then move on to some other part of the world.
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세상 μ—¬λŸ¬ 곳에 μ•Œλ¦¬κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μ£ .
00:27
But something kept bringing me back.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그곳을 λ‹€μ‹œ 찾게 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λ­”κ°€κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Now, usually, when international audiences hear about that part of the world,
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보톡 각ꡭ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 그런 지역에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ©΄
00:34
they often just want that conflict to go away.
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단지 그런 λΆ„μŸμ΄ μ‚¬λΌμ§€κΈ°λ§Œμ„ 바라죠.
00:37
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is bad, and we wish it could just disappear.
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μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜κ³Ό νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈμ˜ κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ λΆ„μŸμ΄ κ·Έμ € λλ‚˜κΈ°λ§Œμ„ κΈ°μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
We feel much the same way about other conflicts around the world.
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세계 κ³³κ³³μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ λΆ„μŸμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ 같은 생각일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
But every time we turn our attention to the news,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‰΄μŠ€λ₯Ό λ³Ό λ•Œλ©΄ μ–Έμ œλ‚˜
00:49
it seems like one more country has gone up in flames.
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포화에 νœ˜λ§λ¦¬λŠ” λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ 계속 μƒκ²¨λ‚˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
So I've been wondering
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μ €λŠ” 늘 κΆκΈˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:55
whether we should not start looking at conflict in a different way --
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λΆ„μŸμ„ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 봐야 ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹Œμ§€μš”.
00:59
whether instead of simply wishing to end conflict,
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ λΆ„μŸμ΄ λλ‚˜κΈ°λ§Œμ„ λ°”λΌλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:03
we focus instead on how to wage conflict.
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λΆ„μŸμ˜ 방법에 촛점을 맞좰 보아야 ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹Œμ§€μš”.
01:07
This has been a big question for me,
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이것듀이 제게 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ˜λ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
one I've pursued together with my team at the nonprofit Just Vision.
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이 점에 λŒ€ν•΄ 저희 νŒ€κ³Ό λΉ„μ˜λ¦¬λ‹¨μ²΄μΈ μ €μŠ€νŠΈλΉ„μ „μ΄ ν•¨κ»˜ 좔적을 ν•΄μ™”μ£ .
01:14
After witnessing several different kinds of struggles in the Middle East,
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쀑동 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λΆ„μŸμ„ λͺ©κ²©ν•œ λ’€
01:18
I started noticing some patterns on the more successful ones.
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μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μŸμ΄ λλ‚œ μ‚¬λ‘€μ—λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 μœ ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
I wondered whether these variables held across cases, and if they did,
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각 κ²½μš°λ§ˆλ‹€ μ–΄λ–€ λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ€μ§€, λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄
01:26
what lessons we could glean for waging constructive conflict,
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ν•„λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ, μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜, κ·Έμ™Έ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œμ˜
건섀적인 λΆ„μŸμ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” κ΅ν›ˆμ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν–ˆμ£ .
01:31
in Palestine, Israel and elsewhere.
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01:36
There is some science about this.
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ 과학적 뢄석 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
In a study of 323 major political conflicts
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1900λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2006λ…„ 사이에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ
323개의 μ£Όμš” μ •μΉ˜ λΆ„μŸμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
01:42
from 1900 to 2006,
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01:45
Maria Stephan and Erica Chenoweth found that nonviolent campaigns
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λ§ˆλ¦¬μ•„ μŠ€ν…ŒνŒκ³Ό 에리카 μ²΄λ…Έμ›¨μŠ€λŠ”
비폭λ ₯ μš΄λ™μ΄ 폭λ ₯적 μš΄λ™μ— λΉ„ν•΄
01:51
were almost 100 percent more likely to lead to success than violent campaigns.
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거의 100%의 성곡λ₯ μ„ λ³΄μž„μ„ λ°ν˜€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
Nonviolent campaigns are also less likely to cause physical harm
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λ˜ν•œ 비폭λ ₯ μš΄λ™μ€ 물리적 피해도 μΌμœΌν‚€μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
to those waging the campaign,
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μ •μΉ˜μš΄λ™μ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έλ“€ μžμ‹ μ€ λ¬Όλ‘ 
02:04
as well as their opponents.
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μƒλŒ€λ°©μ—κ²Œλ„ 말이죠.
02:06
And, critically, they typically lead to more peaceful and democratic societies.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 그듀은 보톡 더 평화둭고 민주적인 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
In other words, nonviolent resistance is a more effective and constructive way
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λ°”κΏ” λ§ν•˜λ©΄, 비폭λ ₯ 저항은 λΆ„μŸμ„ μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” λ”μš± 효과적이고
건섀적인 λ°©λ²•μ΄λΌλŠ” 뜻이죠.
02:18
of waging conflict.
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02:20
But if that's such an easy choice, why don't more groups use it?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄, μ™œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 단체가 κ·Έ 방법을 쓰지 μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:25
Political scientist Victor Asal and colleagues
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μ •μΉ˜ν•™μž λΉ…ν„° μ•„μ‚΄κ³Ό κ·Έ μ—°κ΅¬νŒ€μ€
02:27
have looked at several factors
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μ •μΉ˜ λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ μ „λž΅ ν˜•νƒœμ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
02:29
that shape a political group's choice of tactics.
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λͺ‡ 가지 μš”μΈμ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
And it turns out that the greatest predictor
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μ •μΉ˜μš΄λ™μ΄ 비폭λ ₯μ„± ν˜Ήμ€ 폭λ ₯성을 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” νŒλ‹¨μ—λŠ”
02:37
of a movement's decision to adopt nonviolence or violence
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
is not whether that group is more left-wing or right-wing,
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그것은 κ·Έ 단체가 μ’Œμ΅μ΄λƒ μš°μ΅μ΄λƒκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
02:45
not whether the group is more or less influenced by religious beliefs,
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쒅ꡐ적 μ‹ λ…μ˜ 영ν–₯이 큰가 ν˜Ήμ€ 적은가도 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°
02:50
not whether it's up against a democracy or a dictatorship,
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민주주의 ν˜Ήμ€ λ…μž¬μ •μΉ˜μ— λŒ€λ¦½ν•˜λŠ”κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œκ°€λ„ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°
02:53
and not even the levels of repression that that group is facing.
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심지어 κ·Έ 단체에 κ°€ν•΄μ§€λŠ” νƒ„μ••μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€λ„ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
The greatest predictor of a movement's decision to adopt nonviolence
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μ •μΉ˜μš΄λ™μ΄ 비폭λ ₯성을 κ°–λŠ” κ·Έ νŒλ‹¨μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ³€μˆ˜λŠ”
03:04
is its ideology regarding the role of women in public life.
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μ—¬μ„±μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  역할에 κ΄€ν•œ μ΄λ…μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
03:15
When a movement includes in its discourse
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μ •μΉ˜ μš΄λ™μ΄ μžμ‹ λ“€μ΄ 담둠에
03:18
language around gender equality,
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μ–‘μ„± 평등을 ν¬ν•¨μ‹œν‚€λ©΄
03:19
it increases dramatically the chances it will adopt nonviolence,
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비폭λ ₯성을 채택할 κ°€λŠ₯성이 κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³ 
03:23
and thus, the likelihood it will succeed.
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μš΄λ™μ΄ 성곡할 κ°€λŠ₯성도 높아지죠.
03:26
The research squared up with my own documentation
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이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜κ³Ό νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈμ˜ μ •μΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ
03:29
of political organizing in Israel and Palestine.
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μ €μ˜ λ‹€νλ©˜ν„°λ¦¬μ— νž˜μ„ μ‹€μ–΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
I've noticed that movements which welcome women into leadership positions,
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여성을 μ§€λ„μž μœ„μΉ˜μ— λ‘λŠ” μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™λ“€μ€
03:36
such as the one I documented in a village called Budrus,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ œκ°€ μ·¨μž¬ν•œ λΆ€λ“œλ£¨μŠ€ μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ‚¬λ‘€μ²˜λŸΌ
03:40
were much more likely to achieve their goals.
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λͺ©ν‘œ λ‹¬μ„±μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성이 훨씬 λ†’μŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
This village was under a real threat of being wiped off the map
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이 λΆ€λ“œλ£¨μŠ€ 지역은 μ§€λ„μƒμ—μ„œ μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ μœ„ν—˜μ— λ†“μ΄κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
03:47
when Israel started building the separation barrier.
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μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜μ΄ 뢄리 μž₯벽을 μ„Έμš°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
The proposed route would require
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μž₯λ²½ 건섀을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
03:53
the destruction of this community's olive groves, their cemeteries
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이 μ§€μ—­μ˜ 올리브 농μž₯κ³Ό κ³΅λ™λ¬˜μ§€λ₯Ό νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κ³ 
03:57
and would ultimately enclose the village from all sides.
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κ²°κ΅­ λ§ˆμ„μ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ 차단해야 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
Through inspired local leadership,
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κ·Έ μ§€μ—­μ˜ νƒμ›”ν•œ 리더쉽에 νž˜μž…μ–΄
04:03
they launched a nonviolent resistance campaign to stop that from happening.
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주민듀은 κ·Έ 일을 막기 μœ„ν•œ 비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­ μš΄λ™μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
The odds were massively stacked against them.
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λΆˆλ¦¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
04:12
But they had a secret weapon:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λΉ„μž₯의 무기가 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
a 15-year-old girl
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μ–΄λŠ ν•œ 15μ„Έμ˜ μ†Œλ…€μ˜€μ£ .
04:19
who courageously jumped in front of a bulldozer
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 올리브 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό λΏŒλ¦¬λ½‘μœΌλ €λŠ” λΆˆλ„μ €λ₯Ό λ§‰μ•„μ„Έμš°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:22
which was about to uproot an olive tree, stopping it.
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μš©κ°ν•˜κ²Œλ„ κ·Έ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ›°μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
In that moment, the community of Budrus realized what was possible
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λ°”λ‘œ 그일둜, λΆ€λ“œλ£¨μŠ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κΉ¨λ‹«κ²Œ 된 사싀은
04:30
if they welcomed and encouraged women to participate in public life.
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μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒν™œλ™ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό μΈμ •ν•˜κ³  μž₯λ €ν•˜λ©΄ μŠΉμ‚°μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
And so it was that the women of Budrus went to the front lines day after day,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λΆ€λ“œλ£¨μŠ€ 여성듀이 점차 선봉에 μ„œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
04:39
using their creativity and acumen to overcome multiple obstacles they faced
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μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ˜ μ°½μ˜μ„±κ³Ό 감각을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ 그듀이 μ§λ©΄ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ μž₯μ• λ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜λ©°
04:43
in a 10-month unarmed struggle.
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10κ°œμ›”κ°„μ˜ 비무μž₯ νˆ¬μŸμ„ κ³„μ†ν–ˆμ£ .
04:47
And as you can probably tell at this point,
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이 λŒ€λͺ©μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ“€ μ§μž‘ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ
04:49
they win at the end.
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” 그듀이 μŠΉλ¦¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
The separation barrier was changed completely
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뢄리 μž₯벽은 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ–΄
04:54
to the internationally recognized green line,
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ꡭ가간에 μΈμ •ν•œ νœ΄μ „μ„ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
04:57
and the women of Budrus came to be known across the West Bank
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λΆ€λ“œλ£¨μŠ€ μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ˜ 뢈꡴의 열정은 μ›¨μŠ€νŠΈλ±…ν¬ 전역에 걸쳐
05:01
for their indomitable energy.
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널리 μ•Œλ €μ§€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
05:07
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
I want to pause for a second, which you helped me do,
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λ‹€λ“€ μ–‘ν•΄ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹ λ‹€λ©΄ μž μ‹œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ€λ°μš”.
05:15
because I do want to tackle two very serious misunderstandings
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μ΄μ―€μ—μ„œ μ˜€ν•΄μ˜ μ†Œμ§€κ°€ μžˆμ„ λ²•ν•œ 두 가지 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
05:19
that could happen at this point.
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μž μ‹œ μ–˜κΈ°ν• κΉŒ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
The first one is that I don't believe
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λ¨Όμ €, μ €λŠ” 여성이 μ„ μ²œμ  ν˜Ήμ€ 본질적으둜
05:25
women are inherently or essentially more peaceful than men.
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남성보닀 훨씬 ν‰ν™”μ μ΄λΌκ³ λŠ” μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
But I do believe that in today's world,
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단, ν˜„λŒ€ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ 여성듀은
05:35
women experience power differently.
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ꢌλ ₯을 달리 κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
Having had to navigate being in the less powerful position
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κ·Έλ“€ μ‚Άμ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ•½μžμ˜ μž…μž₯에 μžˆμœΌλ©΄μ„œ
05:42
in multiple aspects of their lives,
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상황을 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκΈ°μ—
05:45
women are often more adept
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λ§‰κ°•ν•œ ꢌλ ₯μžκ°€ λ³€ν™”ν•˜λ„λ‘
05:47
at how to surreptitiously pressure for change
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μ€κ·Όνžˆ μ••λ ₯을 κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 방법에
05:50
against large, powerful actors.
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여성이 훨씬 λŠ₯μˆ™ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
05:53
The term "manipulative," often charged against women in a derogatory way,
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여성을 κ²½λ©Έν•˜λŠ” 의미둜 "κ΅ν™œν•˜λ‹€"κ³  ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λŠ”λ°
05:57
reflects a reality in which women have often had to find ways
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μ΄λŠ” 여성이 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό 이루고자 μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€λ¦½ν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
06:01
other than direct confrontation to achieve their goals.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄λŠ” 싀상을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
And finding alternatives to direct confrontation
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μ •λ©΄ λŒ€λ¦½μ„ λŒ€μ‹ ν•  λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ°ΎλŠ” 것.
06:10
is at the core of nonviolent resistance.
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이것이 비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­μ˜ 핡심이죠.
06:14
Now to the second potential misunderstanding.
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두 번째 μ˜€ν•΄μ˜ μ†Œμ§€λŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
I've been talking a lot about my experiences in the Middle East,
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μ €λŠ” μ€‘λ™μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ κ²½ν—˜ν•œ 것듀을 자주 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
and some of you might be thinking now
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ 뢄은 이런 생각이 λ“œμ‹€ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
06:21
that the solution then is for us to educate Muslim and Arab societies
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여성듀이 더 많이 μ‚¬νšŒμ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 무슬림과 μ•„λžλ¬Έν™”κΆŒμ„ κ΅ν™”μ‹œν‚€λ©΄
06:25
to be more inclusive of their women.
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ ν•΄κ²°λ˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹Œκ°€.
06:27
If we were to do that, they would be more successful.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄, μš΄λ™μ΄ λ”μš± 성곡적이지 μ•Šμ„κΉŒν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
06:33
They do not need this kind of help.
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그듀은 이런 μ‹μ˜ 도움을 μ›μΉ˜ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
Women have been part of the most influential movements
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여성은 쀑동 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ κ°€μž₯ 영ν–₯λ ₯μžˆλŠ” μš΄λ™λ“€μ—
06:40
coming out of the Middle East,
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일쑰λ₯Ό ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
but they tend to be invisible to the international community.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그듀은 κ΅­μ œμ‚¬νšŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬μ˜€μ£ .
06:48
Our cameras are largely focused on the men
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우리의 μΉ΄λ©”λΌλŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ‚¨μ„±μ—λ§Œ 촛점이 λ§žμΆ°μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
who often end up involved in the more confrontational scenes
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남성은 λŒ€λ¦½ ꡬ도에 μ²˜ν•΄μ§€κΈ° 쉽고
06:53
that we find so irresistible in our news cycle.
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그것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” λ‰΄μŠ€ νŒ¨ν„΄μ— μ•ˆμ„±λ§žμΆ€μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
06:58
And we end up with a narrative that not only erases women
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κ²°κ΅­ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 지역 λΆ„μŸμ—μ„œ μ—¬μ„±μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό μ§€μš°κ³ 
07:01
from the struggles in the region
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λ‰΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ „ν•˜κ²Œ 될 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:03
but often misrepresents the struggles themselves.
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λΆ„μŸ 자체λ₯Ό μ™œκ³‘μ‹œν‚€κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
In the late 1980s, an uprising started in Gaza,
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1980λ…„λŒ€ 말, κ°€μž μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ 폭동이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
and quickly spread to the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
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κ·Έ 폭동은 μ›¨μŠ€νŠΈλ±…ν¬μ™€ μ˜ˆλ£¨μ‚΄λ ˜ 동뢀 μ§€μ—­μœΌλ‘œ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 퍼져갔죠.
07:19
It came to be known as the First Intifada,
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이 사건은 졜초의 νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ λ΄‰κΈ°μ˜€κ³ 
07:23
and people who have any visual memory of it
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κ·Έ ν˜„μž₯을 λͺ©κ²©ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κΈ°μ–΅ μ†μ—λŠ”
07:26
generally conjure up something like this:
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이런 μž₯면이 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
Palestinian men throwing rocks at Israeli tanks.
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νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ λ‚¨μžλ“€μ΄ μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜ 탱크λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ λŒμ„ λ˜μ§€λŠ” μž₯면이죠.
07:34
The news coverage at the time
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ λ‰΄μŠ€ λ³΄λ„λŠ”
07:36
made it seem like stones, Molotov cocktails and burning tires
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돌과 화염병, 화염에 μŒ“μΈ 타이어듀이
07:41
were the only activities taking place in the Intifada.
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마치 νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ λ΄‰κΈ°μ˜ 전뢀인 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄λ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
This period, though, was also marked by widespread nonviolent organizing
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ‹œκΈ°λŠ” 비폭λ ₯ 쑰직이 널리 퍼진 λ•Œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
in the forms of strikes, sit-ins and the creation of parallel institutions.
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νŒŒμ—…, μ—°μ’Œλ†μ„±μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό λ„μ—ˆκ³ , 병렬기ꡬ가 νƒ„μƒν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμ£ .
07:57
During the First Intifada,
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κ·Έ 졜초 민쀑봉기 μ‹œκΈ°μ—λŠ”
07:59
whole sectors of the Palestinian civilian population mobilized,
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κ°κ³„μ˜ νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ μΉ¨μ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
cutting across generations, factions and class lines.
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μ„ΈλŒ€, λ‹ΉνŒŒ, 계급을 λΆˆλ¬Έν•˜κ³  말이죠.
08:07
They did this through networks of popular committees,
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μ£Όλ―Ό μœ„μ›νšŒκ°€ μ„œλ‘œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό 이루며 ν™œλ™ν–ˆκ³ 
08:09
and their use of direct action and communal self-help projects
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직접적 행동과 곡동 μžκ΅¬μ±…μ„ 펼치며
08:13
challenged Israel's very ability
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μ›¨μŠ€νŠΈλ±…ν¬μ™€ κ°€μž 지역에 λŒ€ν•œ
08:15
to continue ruling the West Bank and Gaza.
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μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜μ˜ μ§€λ°°κΆŒμ— μ €ν•­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
According to the Israeli Army itself,
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μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜κ΅°μ˜ λ°œν‘œμ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
08:21
97 percent of activities during the First Intifada were unarmed.
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λ―Όμ€‘λ΄‰κΈ°μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μ €ν•­ν™œλ™μ˜ 97%λŠ” 비무μž₯μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
And here's another thing that is not part of our narrative about that time.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ‰΄μŠ€ λ³΄λ„μ—μ„œ 닀루지 μ•Šμ€ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚΄μš©λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
For 18 months in the Intifada,
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18κ°œμ›”κ°„μ˜ νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ λ΄‰κΈ°μ—μ„œ
08:35
women were the ones calling the shots behind the scenes:
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λ§‰ν›„μ—μ„œ μ§€νœ˜λ₯Ό 맑은 이듀이 λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬μ„±μ΄λΌλŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
Palestinian women from all walks of life
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각계 각측의 νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ 여성듀이
08:42
in charge of mobilizing hundreds of thousands of people
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수백 수천의 μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ„ λ™μ›ν•˜λŠ” 일을 λ§‘μ•˜κ³ 
08:45
in a concerted effort to withdraw consent from the occupation.
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점령에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•©μ˜λ₯Ό μ² νšŒν•˜λ„λ‘ 일치 λ‹¨κ²°λœ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
Naela Ayesh, who strived to build a self-sufficient Palestinian economy
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λ‚˜μΌλΌ μ•„μ˜ˆμ‹œλΌλŠ” 여성은 νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ 경제의 μžκΈ‰μžμ‘±μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆκ³ 
08:56
by encouraging women in Gaza to grow vegetables in their backyards,
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이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ°€μž 지역 μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ§‘λ§ˆλ‹€ μ±„μ†Œλ₯Ό 심도둝 μž₯λ €ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
an activity deemed illegal by the Israeli authorities at that time;
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜ 당ꡭ은 이λ₯Ό λΆˆλ²• ν–‰μœ„λ‘œ κ°„μ£Όν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμ£ .
09:06
Rabeha Diab, who took over decision-making authority
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λΌλ² ν•˜ λ””μ•„λΈŒλŠ” 민쀑봉기 μ „μ²΄μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 쑰직의
09:09
for the entire uprising
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μ§€νœ˜κΆŒμ„ 맑기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
when the men who had been running it
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κ·Έ 일둜 μΆ”λ°© λ‹Ήν•œ λ‚¨μ„±λ“€μ˜ 역할을 λŒ€μ‹ ν–ˆλ˜ 것이죠.
09:13
were deported;
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09:15
Fatima Al Jaafari, who swallowed leaflets containing the uprising's directives
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νŒŒν‹°λ§ˆ μ•Œ μžνŒŒλ¦¬λŠ” ν­λ™μ˜ μ§€μ‹œλ‚΄μš©μ΄ 적힌 μͺ½μ§€λ₯Ό μ‚ΌμΌœ
09:20
in order to spread them across the territories
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듀킀지 μ•Šκ³  κ°μ§€λ‘œ κ·Έ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” μž„λ¬΄λ₯Ό 맑기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
without getting caught;
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09:26
and Zahira Kamal,
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그리고 자히라 카말은
09:28
who ensured the longevity of the uprising
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민쀑봉기λ₯Ό μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬
09:31
by leading an organization
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25λͺ…에 λΆˆκ³Όν–ˆλ˜ 쑰직을 μ΄λŒμ–΄
09:33
that went from 25 women to 3,000 in a single year.
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ν•œν•΄μ—λ§Œ 3천 λͺ…μ˜ 여성이 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:40
Despite their extraordinary achievements,
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ λ†€λΌμš΄ 업적에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
09:43
none of these women have made it into our narrative of the First Intifada.
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νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ 봉기에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‰΄μŠ€μ—μ„œλŠ” 이듀 쀑 κ·Έ λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
09:49
We do this in other parts of the globe, too.
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지ꡬ상 λ‹€λ₯Έ 지역에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
In our history books, for instance, and in our collective consciousness,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 우리 역사 κ΅κ³Όμ„œλ‚˜ 우리의 집단 μ˜μ‹ μ•ˆμ—μ„œλŠ”
09:57
men are the public faces and spokespersons
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1960λ…„λŒ€ 미ꡭ의 인쒅 평등을 μœ„ν•œ 싸움에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
10:00
for the 1960s struggle for racial justice in the United States.
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κ²‰μœΌλ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜ λŒ€μ€‘μ„ λŒ€λ³€ν•˜λŠ” 역할은 λ‚¨μ„±μ˜ λͺ«μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
10:05
But women were also a critical driving force,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬μ„± λ˜ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 견인차 역할을 ν–ˆκ³ 
10:08
mobilizing, organizing, taking to the streets.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λͺ¨μœΌκ³  κ²°μ§‘μ‹œμΌœ 거리둜 λ‚˜μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
How many of us think of Septima Clark
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미ꡭ의 μ‹œλ―Όν‰λ“± μš΄λ™ μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό 생각할 λ•Œ
10:15
when we think of the United States Civil Rights era?
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μ…‰ν‹°λ§ˆ 클라크λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λͺ‡μ΄λ‚˜ λ κΉŒμš”?
10:20
Remarkably few.
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λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ 거의 μ—†μ£ .
10:22
But she played a crucial role in every phase of the struggle,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 투쟁의 λͺ¨λ“  λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν–ˆκ³ 
10:27
particularly by emphasizing literacy and education.
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특히, 글을 μ½λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό ꡐ윑의 μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
She's been omitted, ignored,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ œμ™Έλ˜κ³  λ¬΄μ‹œλ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
10:33
like so many other women who played critical roles
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미ꡭ의 μ‹œλ―Όν‰λ“± μš΄λ™μ—μ„œ
μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν–ˆλ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ μ—¬μ„±λ“€κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 말이죠.
10:37
in the United States Civil Rights Movement.
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10:41
This is not about getting credit.
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μƒμƒ‰λ‚΄λ €λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
It's more profound than that.
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보닀 κΉŠμ€ 뜻이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
10:48
The stories we tell matter deeply to how we see ourselves,
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이 일화듀은 우리 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ”κ°€μ— 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:52
and to how we believe movements are run
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‹ λ…μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ„ ν•  것인지
10:55
and how movements are won.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 승리둜 이끌 것인지가 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ£ .
10:57
The stories we tell about a movement like the First Intifada
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νŒ”λ ˆμ‹œνƒ€μΈ 봉기에 λŒ€ν•œ μΌν™”λ‚˜
11:00
or the United States Civil Rights era
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όν‰λ“± μš΄λ™ μ‹œκΈ°μ˜ 일화가
11:02
matter deeply and have a critical influence
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의미λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μ€‘μš”ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 것은
11:06
in the choices Palestinians,
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νŒ”λ ˆμŠ€νƒ€μΈ λ‚œλ―Όλ“€κ³Ό
11:09
Americans
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미ꡭ인듀
11:10
and people around the world will make
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그리고 세계 κ°μ§€μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
11:13
next time they encounter an injustice
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그듀이 λΆˆμ˜μ™€ λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κ²Œ 될 λ•Œ
11:15
and develop the courage to confront it.
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이에 λ§žμ„€ 용기λ₯Ό 갖도둝 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
If we do not lift up the women who played critical roles in these struggles,
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이런 νˆ¬μŸμ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•œ 여성듀을 λΆ€κ°μ‹œν‚€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
11:22
we fail to offer up role models to future generations.
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미래 μ„ΈλŒ€μ—κ²Œ 쒋은 λ‘€λͺ¨λΈμ„ 보여쀄 수 μ—†κ²Œ 되겠죠.
11:28
Without role models, it becomes harder
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μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ—κ²Œ 그런 λ‘€λͺ¨λΈμ΄ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
μ‚¬νšŒν™œλ™μ—μ„œ μ λ‹Ήν•œ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ°–κΈ°λž€ λ”μš± μ–΄λ €μšΈ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
for women to take up their rightful space
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11:34
in public life.
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11:37
And as we saw earlier,
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μ•žμ„œ λ³΄μ•˜λ“―μ΄
11:39
one of the most critical variables
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μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ 성곡 μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ”
11:41
in determining whether a movement will be successful or not
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ³€μˆ˜μ€‘ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
11:45
is a movement's ideology regarding the role of women
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μ‚¬νšŒν™œλ™μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ—¬μ„±μ˜ 역할에 λŒ€ν•œ
11:49
in public life.
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μ‹œλ―Όμš΄λ™μ˜ μ΄λ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
This is a question of whether we're moving
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μ΄λŠ” 우리 μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ λ”μš± 민주적이고
11:54
towards more democratic and peaceful societies.
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ν‰ν™”λ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬νšŒλ‘œ λ³€ν™”ν•  κ²ƒμΈκ°€μ˜ 문제둜 이어지죠.
11:59
In a world where so much change is happening,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 이 세계 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
12:01
and where change is bound to continue at an increasingly faster pace,
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κ·Έ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 속도가 점차 빨라질 수 밖에 μ—†λŠ” ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œ
12:06
it is not a question of whether we will face conflict,
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좩돌과 λ§ˆμ£Όν•  κ²ƒμΈκ°€λŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
but rather a question
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였히렀 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
12:13
of which stories will shape
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μ–΄λ–€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 것인가
12:16
how we choose to wage conflict.
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μΆ©λŒμ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ 방법을 선택할 것인가에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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