Could fish social networks help us save coral reefs? | Mike Gil

37,944 views ・ 2018-02-21

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sojeong KIM κ²€ν† : Gichung Lee
00:13
Who here is fascinated by life under the sea?
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μ—¬κΈ° 바닷속 μƒνƒœκ³„μ— ν‘Ή 빠지신 λΆ„ κ³„μ‹ κ°€μš”?
00:18
Fantastic.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
Now, what did we just do?
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방금 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 행동을 ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:22
Let's dissect this for a second.
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잠깐 λΆ„μ„ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:24
The simple action of an individual raising a hand
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ν•œ λͺ…이 손을 λ“€μž
00:28
led many others to do the same.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ 손을 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Now, it's true that when individuals in a social network
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ— μ†ν•œ κ°œμΈλ“€μ΄ κ³΅ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μš°μ„ μ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
have common priorities,
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00:35
it's often beneficial to copy one another.
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μ„œλ‘œμ˜ 행동을 따라 ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ΄λ“μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이죠.
00:38
Think back to grade school and dressing like the cool kids made you "cool."
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ν•™μ°½μ‹œμ ˆ, 멋진 친ꡬλ₯Ό 따라 μ˜·μ„ μž…μœΌλ©΄ "λ©‹μ Έ" 보인닀고 λ―Ώμ—ˆμ£ .
00:42
But copying behavior is also common in wild animals.
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μ•Όμƒλ™λ¬Όμ—μ„œλ„ λͺ¨λ°©ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό ν”νžˆ κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
For example, some birds copy the alarm calls of other birds
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ–΄λ–€ μƒˆλ“€μ€ ν¬μ‹μžκ°€ λ‹€κ°€μ˜¬ λ•Œ κ²½κ³ ν•˜λŠ” μšΈμŒμ„ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
to spread information about approaching predators.
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그러면 λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒˆκ°€ κ·Έ μšΈμŒμ„ μž¬μ—°ν•˜μ—¬ μœ„ν—˜ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 정보λ₯Ό 퍼뜨리죠.
00:53
But could copying behavior in wild animals
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ³Όμ—° μ•Όμƒλ™λ¬Όμ˜ λͺ¨λ°©ν–‰μœ„κ°€
00:57
affect entire ecosystems that we humans depend on?
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μΈκ°„μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ 기반인 μƒνƒœκ³„ μ „λ°˜μ— 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:02
I was led to this question while studying coral reefs,
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ˜ 쀑, 이런 의문이 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
which support millions of people through fisheries and tourism
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλŠ” μ–΄μž₯κ³Ό κ΄€κ΄‘μžμ› μ—­ν• λ‘œ 수백만 λͺ…μ˜ 삢을 μ§€νƒ±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
here in Africa and around the world.
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이곳 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” λ¬Όλ‘  세계 κ³³κ³³μ—μ„œμš”.
01:10
But coral reefs depend on fish
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ˜ 운λͺ…은
01:14
that perform a critical job by eating algae.
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ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λ₯˜κ°€ κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
Because if left unchecked,
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ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜κ°€ 방치되면
01:18
these algae can kill coral and take over entire coral reefs,
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ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜λŠ” μ‚°ν˜Έλ₯Ό νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κ³  μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆ ꡰ락을 μ°¨μ§€ν•΄λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
a costly change that is difficult or impossible to reverse.
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되돌리기 μ–΄λ ΅κ±°λ‚˜ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 큰 손싀이 λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
So to understand how fish may prevent this,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 법을 μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
I spy on them
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λ₯˜μ˜ 행동을 쑰용히 κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμ£ .
01:33
while they're eating algae,
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01:35
which can be difficult for them to do
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ν¬μ‹μžμ— λ…ΈμΆœλœ 채
01:37
in open parts of the reef exposed to predators,
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μ—΄λ¦° κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ¨ΉκΈ°λž€ 어렀웠을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
some of which, on rare occasion,
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κ·Έμ€‘μ—μ„œ λ“œλ¬Όμ§€λ§Œ
01:42
appear to realize I'm watching them.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°μ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±Έ 눈치챈 녀석도 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
01:45
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:52
So clearly, clearly, for reef fish,
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆ μ–΄λ₯˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ”
01:55
dining out can be scary.
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외식이 λ¬΄μ„œμšΈ 수 μžˆκ² λ„€μš”.
01:57
But I wanted to understand how these fish do their job
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μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
in risky situations.
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02:01
So my colleagues and I put massive video camera stands
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ— μ—¬λŸ¬ 개의 λΉ„λ””μ˜€ 카메라 μ„€μΉ˜λŒ€λ₯Ό 두고
02:06
in a coral reef
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02:07
to remotely monitor entire feeding grounds
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ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜κ°€ λ§Žμ€ 전체 먹이터λ₯Ό μ›κ²©μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
that produce a lot of algae
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02:11
but are exposed to predators.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ¨Ήμ΄ν„°λŠ” ν¬μ‹μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:15
And this perspective from above
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μœ„μ—μ„œ μ΄¬μ˜ν•œ μ˜μƒμ„ 톡해
02:17
shows us the feeding behavior and precise movements
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ–΄μ’…μ˜ 섭식 행동과 μ •ν™•ν•œ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
of many different fish,
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02:22
shown here with colored dots.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μƒ‰κΉ”μ˜ 점으둜 ν‘œμ‹œλœ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
And by analyzing thousands of fish movements
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먹이터λ₯Ό μ˜€κ°€λŠ” 수천 마리의
02:28
to and from feeding grounds,
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물고기의 μ›€μ§μž„μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬
02:30
we discovered a pattern.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ·œμΉ™μ„±μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
These fish, despite being from different species
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어쒅이 λ‹€λ₯΄κ³ 
02:35
and not swimming in schools,
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떼지어 움직이지 μ•Šμ•„λ„
02:37
were copying one another,
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” μ„œλ‘œμ˜ 행동을 λ”°λΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
such that one fish entering these dangerous feeding grounds
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ λ¨Ήμ΄ν„°λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€λ©΄
02:42
could lead many others to do the same.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 물고기듀도 따라 먹이터에 λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
And fish stayed for longer and ate more algae
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주변에 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ λ§Žμ„μˆ˜λ‘
02:48
when they were surrounded by more feeding fish.
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더 였래 λ¨Έλ¬Όκ³  더 λ§Žμ€ ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
Now, this could be happening
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° ν•œ 마리의
02:53
because even simple movements by individual fish
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ ν–‰λ™μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
02:55
can inadvertently communicate vital information.
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μ˜λ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 정보가 μ „λ‹¬λ˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ±°μ£ .
02:59
For example, if even one fish sees a predator and flees,
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κ°€λ Ή, λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ ν¬μ‹μžλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  도망을 κ°„λ‹€λ©΄
03:03
this can alert many others to danger.
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이 행동은 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μ—κ²Œ μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²½κ³ κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
And a fish safely entering feeding grounds can show others that the coast is clear.
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ 먹이터에 λ¬΄μ‚¬νžˆ λ“€μ–΄μ™”λ‹€λ©΄,
03:11
So it turns out that even when these fish are different species,
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” λ°”λ‹€κ°€ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜λ‹€κ³  느끼죠.
03:15
they are connected within social networks
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” μ„œλ‘œ 어쒅이 달라도, μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ΄€κ³„λ‘œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
03:19
which can provide information on when it's safe to eat.
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먹이λ₯Ό 먹기에 μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ‹œκΈ° λ“±μ˜ 정보λ₯Ό μ£Όκ³ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
And our analyses indicate that fish simply copying other fish in their social network
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뢄석에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄,
이런 μ‚¬νšŒμ  λͺ¨λ°©ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό 톡해 μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜μ˜ 양은
03:27
could account for over 60 percent of the algae eaten by the fish community,
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μ–΄λ₯˜ ꡰ집이 μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜μ˜ 60% 이상을 μ°¨μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
and thus could be critical to the flow of energy and resources
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그리고, μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆ μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 및 μžμ›μ˜ 흐름에
03:37
through coral reef ecosystems.
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μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
But these findings also suggest that overfishing,
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쑰사에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ— μžˆμ–΄ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜λŠ” μ–΄λ₯˜ λ‚¨νšμ€
03:43
a common problem in coral reefs,
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03:45
not only removes fish,
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어쒅을 κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚¬ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:47
but it could break up the social network of remaining fish,
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λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλŠ” 물고기의 μ‚¬νšŒ 연결망도 νŒŒκ΄΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
which may hide more and eat less algae
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” 더 자주 숨고 ν•΄μ‘°λ₯˜λ₯Ό 덜 μ„­μ·¨ν•˜κ²Œ 되죠.
03:53
because they're missing critical information.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ€‘μš” 정보λ₯Ό κ΅ν™˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
And this would make coral reefs more vulnerable than we currently predict.
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이둜 인해 ν˜„μž¬ μ˜ˆμΈ‘λ³΄λ‹€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆκ°€ 더 μ·¨μ•½ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
So remarkably, fish social networks
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λ†€λžκ²Œλ„, λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° μ‚¬νšŒ 연결망은
04:06
allow the actions of one to spread to many
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° ν•œ 마리의 행동을 λ‹€μˆ˜μ—κ²Œ μ „νŒŒν•˜κ³ 
04:09
and could affect entire coral reefs,
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆ μ „μ²΄κΉŒμ§€ 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
which feed millions of us
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλŠ” 수백만 λͺ…μ˜ 인λ₯˜μ—κ²Œ μ‹λŸ‰μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³ ,
04:14
and support the global economy
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세계 경제λ₯Ό μ§€νƒ±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
for all of us.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
04:18
Now, our discovery points us towards better ways
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우리의 λ°œκ²¬μ€ 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆ 관리λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ
04:21
to sustainably manage coral reefs,
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더 λ‚˜μ€ 방법듀을 μ œμ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
but it also shows us,
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그리고 λ™μ‹œμ—,
04:24
we humans are not just affected by the actions of other humans,
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인간은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μΈκ°„μ˜ 행동에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ 영ν–₯을 λ°›λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:29
but we could be affected by the actions of individual fish
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μ € 멀리 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ— μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° ν•œ 마리의 λͺ¨λ°© 행동에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œλ„
04:32
on a distant coral reef
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04:33
through their simple copying behavior.
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영ν–₯을 λ°›λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 점을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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