Chimps have feelings and thoughts. They should also have rights

112,733 views ・ 2015-05-20

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Yoona Jeon κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I'd like to have you look at this pencil.
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이 연필을 봐 μ£Όμ‹œκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
It's a thing. It's a legal thing.
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이것은 μ‚¬λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 사물이죠.
00:18
And so are books you might have or the cars you own.
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당신이 가진 μ±…μ΄λ‚˜ μžλ™μ°¨ λ˜ν•œ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
They're all legal things.
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
The great apes that you'll see behind me,
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제 뒀에 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€,
00:27
they too are legal things.
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κ·Έλ“€ λ˜ν•œ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
Now, I can do that to a legal thing.
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μ €λŠ” λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 사물인 것을 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 제 λ§ˆμŒλŒ€λ‘œ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
I can do whatever I want to my book or my car.
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μ œκ°€ μ†Œμœ ν•œ μ±…κ³Ό 차에도 무엇이든 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
These great apes, you'll see.
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당신이 보고 μžˆλŠ” 이 μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€μ˜ 사진은
00:41
The photographs are taken by a man named James Mollison
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μ œμž„μŠ€ λͺ°λ¦¬μ†μ΄λΌλŠ” 뢄이 μ°μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
00:45
who wrote a book called "James & Other Apes."
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κ·ΈλŠ” "μ œμž„μŠ€μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 영μž₯λ₯˜" μ΄λΌλŠ” 책을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
And he tells in his book how every single one them,
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그리고 κ·ΈλŠ” 그의 μ±…μ—μ„œ λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ κ·Έλ“€ 개개인,
00:51
almost every one of them, is an orphan
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 고아이며
00:53
who saw his mother and father die before his eyes.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 눈 μ•žμ—μ„œ λΆ€λͺ¨κ°€ μ£½λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
They're legal things.
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그듀은 λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
So for centuries, there's been a great legal wall
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λͺ‡ μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ μ‘΄μž¬ν•΄ 온 λ²•μ˜ μž₯벽은
01:02
that separates legal things from legal persons.
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λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 사물인 것듀과 μ‚¬λžŒμΈ 것듀을 λΆ„λ¦¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
On one hand, legal things are invisible to judges.
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μš°μ„ , 사물인 것듀은 μž¬νŒκ΄€μ˜ μ‹œμ•Ό 밖에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
They don't count in law.
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그듀은 법 밖에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
They don't have any legal rights.
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ–΄λ– ν•œ 법적 κΆŒλ¦¬λ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
They don't have the capacity for legal rights.
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 법적 ꢌ리λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ κ°€λŠ₯성도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
They are the slaves.
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그듀은 λ…Έμ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
On the other side of that legal wall are the legal persons.
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ κ·Έ λ²•μ˜ λ°˜λŒ€νŽΈμ—λŠ” λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμΈ 것듀이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
Legal persons are very visible to judges.
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λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμΈ 것듀은 ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μž¬νŒκ΄€μ˜ μ‹œμ•Ό μ•ˆμ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
They count in law.
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그듀은 법 μ•ˆμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
They may have many rights.
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그듀은 λ§Žμ€ ꢌ리λ₯Ό κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
They have the capacity for an infinite number of rights.
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그듀은 μ…€ 수 없이 λ§Žμ€ 법적 ꢌ리λ₯Ό κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
And they're the masters.
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그듀은 μ£ΌμΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Right now, all nonhuman animals are legal things.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ§€κΈˆ, λͺ¨λ“  인간 μ™Έμ˜ 동물듀은 λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
All human beings are legal persons.
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λͺ¨λ“  인간은 λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
But being human and being a legal person
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인간이 λ˜λŠ” 것과 λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ˜λŠ” 것은
01:43
has never been, and is not today, synonymous with a legal person.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ κΉŒμ§€ ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ 법적인 μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό 같은 의미인 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Humans and legal persons are not synonymous.
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μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμΈ 것은 λ™μ˜μ–΄κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
On the one side,
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λ¨Όμ €,
01:55
there have been many human beings over the centuries
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였랜 μ˜›λ‚ λΆ€ν„° λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμ΄μ—ˆλ˜
01:59
who have been legal things.
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λ§Žμ€ 인간듀이 μžˆμ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Slaves were legal things.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ€ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
Women, children, were sometimes legal things.
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μ—¬μžλ“€, 아이듀도 ν•œλ•Œ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
Indeed, a great deal of civil rights struggle over the last centuries
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사싀, μ§€λ‚œ 세기듀에 걸쳐 쟁취된 수 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬λ“€μ€
02:11
has been to punch a hole through that wall and begin to feed
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법적인 μž₯벽에 ꡬ멍을 뚫고 이듀을 법망 μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ ν†΅κ³Όμ‹œμΌœ
02:15
these human things through the wall and have them become legal persons.
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이 인간듀을 λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 되게 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
But alas, that hole has closed up.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μœ κ°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ κ·Έ ꡬ멍은 λ‹«ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Now, on the other side are legal persons,
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이제, λ²•μ˜ μ•ˆμͺ½μ—λŠ” 법적인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 자리작고 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:26
but they've never only been limited to human beings.
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법적인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ²°μ½” μ‚¬λžŒμ—λ§Œ ν•œμ •λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
There are, for example, there are many legal persons who are not even alive.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ―Έκ΅­μ—λŠ” 심지어 μ‚΄μ•„ μžˆμ§€λ„ μ•Šμ€
법적인 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
In the United States,
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02:36
we're aware of the fact that corporations are legal persons.
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νšŒμ‚¬λ“€ λ˜ν•œ 법인, λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμΈ 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
In pre-independence India,
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독립 μ „ μΈλ„μ—μ„œ,
02:42
a court held that a Hindu idol was a legal person,
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법원은 μΈλ„μ˜ μš°μƒλ¬ΌμΈ λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ₯Ό
02:45
that a mosque was a legal person.
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λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌκ³  νŒκ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
In 2000, the Indian Supreme Court
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2000년에 인도 λŒ€λ²•μ›μ€
02:49
held that the holy books of the Sikh religion was a legal person,
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μ‹œν¬ κ΅λ„μ˜ 성경을 λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌκ³  νŒκ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
and in 2012, just recently,
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λ˜ν•œ λ°”λ‘œ 졜근인 2012년에,
02:55
there was a treaty between the indigenous peoples of New Zealand
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λ‰΄μ§ˆλžœλ“œμ˜ ν† μ°©λ―Όλ“€κ³Ό μ™• μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ
02:59
and the crown, in which it was agreed that a river was a legal person
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강이 슀슀둜의 κ°•λ°”λ‹₯을 μ§€λ‹Œ 법적인 μ‚¬λ¬Όμ΄λΌλŠ”
03:02
who owned its own riverbed.
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쑰약이 μ²΄κ²°λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
Now, I read Peter Singer's book in 1980,
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μ €λŠ” 1980λ…„, κ°ˆμƒ‰ 머리가 μ •μˆ˜λ¦¬λ₯Ό 가득 μ±„μ› λ˜ μ‹œμ ˆ,
03:08
when I had a full head of lush, brown hair,
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ν”Όν„° μ‹±μ–΄μ˜ 책을 μ½μ—ˆκ³ 
03:12
and indeed I was moved by it,
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κ·Έ λ‚΄μš©μ— 깊이 κ°λ™ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
because I had become a lawyer because I wanted to speak for the voiceless,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ €λŠ” μ•½μžλ₯Ό λŒ€λ³€ν•˜κ³  무방비인 그듀을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
03:18
defend the defenseless,
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λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
03:19
and I'd never realized how voiceless and defenseless the trillions,
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 동물듀이 무방비 μƒνƒœμ— λ†“μ˜€λŠ”μ§€
03:24
billions of nonhuman animals are.
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μ•Œμ•„μ±ˆ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
And I began to work as an animal protection lawyer.
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그리고 μ €λŠ” 동물 보호 λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬λ‘œ ν™œλ™ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
And by 1985, I realized that I was trying to accomplish something
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이윽고 1985λ…„, μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ 문자 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 일을
03:35
that was literally impossible,
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μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ„ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
the reason being that all of my clients,
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제 λͺ¨λ“  동물 고객듀,
03:40
all the animals whose interests I was trying to defend,
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μ œκ°€ λ³€ν˜Έν•΄μ•Ό ν•  그듀은
03:43
were legal things; they were invisible.
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λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©° λ²•μ˜ ν…Œλ‘λ¦¬ λ°–μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
It was not going to work, so I decided
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λ³€ν˜ΈλŠ” μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³ , κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ”
03:48
that the only thing that was going to work was they had, at least some of them,
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μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일은 κ·Έλ“€ μ€‘μ˜ μΌλΆ€λ‚˜λ§ˆ
03:52
had to also be moved through a hole that we could open up again in that wall
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κ³Όκ±° μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그랬던 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ²•μ˜ μž₯벽에 λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 ꡬ멍을 뚫고
03:55
and begin feeding the appropriate nonhuman animals through that hole
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사물에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 동물듀을 νƒœλ‘λ¦¬ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ
03:59
onto the other side of being legal persons.
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λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 되게 ν•˜λŠ” 것이라고 κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
Now, at that time, there was very little known about or spoken about
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” 사싀 λ™λ¬Όμ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
μ•Œλ €μ§€κ±°λ‚˜ μ–ΈκΈ‰λœ 것듀, 인간 μ΄μ™Έμ˜ 동물이 λ²•μΈμ˜
04:08
truly animal rights,
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04:10
about the idea of having legal personhood or legal rights for a nonhuman animal,
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κΆŒλ¦¬λ‚˜ 법적 ꢌ리λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기가 ꡉμž₯히 ν¬λ°•ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
04:15
and I knew it was going to take a long time.
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λ˜ν•œ μ €λŠ” 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 걸릴 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
And so, in 1985, I figured that it would take about 30 years
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그리고 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ, 1985λ…„ μ €λŠ” 벽에 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡬ멍을 뚫기 μœ„ν•΄
04:21
before we'd be able to even begin a strategic litigation,
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핡심 μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³  μž₯κΈ° μΊ νŽ˜μΈμ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 데만
04:24
long-term campaign, in order to be able to punch another hole through that wall.
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30λ…„ 정도가 걸릴 κ²ƒμž„μ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
It turned out that I was pessimistic, that it only took 28.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ λΉ„κ΄€λ‘ μžμ˜€λŠ”μ§€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” κ³ μž‘ 28λ…„ κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
So what we had to do in order to begin was not only
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이 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν–ˆλ˜ 것은
04:45
to write law review articles and teach classes, write books,
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법λ₯  κ²€ν†  기사λ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜κ³ , 학생듀을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ³ , 책을 μ“°λŠ” 것뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:49
but we had to then begin to get down to the nuts and bolts
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이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 사건을 μ–΄λ–€ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ†Œμ†‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄
04:52
of how you litigate that kind of case.
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싀무적인 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
So one of the first things we needed to do was figure out what a cause of action was,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν–ˆλ˜ 첫번째 일 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 행동이
04:58
a legal cause of action.
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주원인인지λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
And a legal cause of action is a vehicle that lawyers use
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그리고 ν–‰λ™μ˜ μ£Όμ›μΈμ΄λž€ λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ νŒμ‚¬ μ•žμ—μ„œ
05:03
to put their arguments in front of courts.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ…Όκ±°λ‘œ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
It turns out there's a very interesting case
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이윽고 거의 250λ…„ μ „ λŸ°λ˜μ—μ„œ μ„œλ¨Έμ…‹ λŒ€ μŠ€νŠœμ–΄νŠΈλΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
05:11
that had occurred almost 250 years ago in London called Somerset vs. Stewart,
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ν₯미둜운 μ†Œμ†‘μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
05:16
whereby a black slave had used the legal system
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이 μ†Œμ†‘μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ 흑인 λ…Έμ˜ˆκ°€ 법적 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
05:19
and had moved from a legal thing to a legal person.
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μ‚¬λ¬Όμ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ 법적 μ§€μœ„κ°€ μƒμŠΉν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
I was so interested in it that I eventually wrote an entire book about it.
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μ €λŠ” 이 μ†Œμ†‘μ— ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό 가지고 κ²°κ΅­ 이것에 λŒ€ν•œ μ±… ν•œ κΆŒμ„ μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
James Somerset was an eight-year-old boy when he was kidnapped from West Africa.
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μ œμž„μŠ€ μ„œλ¨Έμ…‹μ€ μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ λ‚©μΉ˜λœ 8μ‚΄μ§œλ¦¬ μ†Œλ…„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
He survived the Middle Passage,
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆ λ¬΄μ—­μ˜ 쀑간 ν•­λ‘œμ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨μ•˜κ³ 
05:34
and he was sold to a Scottish businessman named Charles Stewart in Virginia.
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λ²„μ§€λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ 찰슀 μŠ€νŠœμ–΄νŠΈλΌλŠ” μŠ€μ½”ν‹€λžœλ“œμΈ μ‚¬μ—…κ°€μ—κ²Œ νŒ”λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
Now, 20 years later, Stewart brought James Somerset to London,
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그리고 20년이 μ§€λ‚˜, μŠ€νŠœμ–΄νŠΈλŠ” μ œμž„μŠ€ μ„œλ¨Έμ…‹μ„ 런던으둜 데렀갔고
05:44
and after he got there, James decided he was going to escape.
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κ·Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ μ œμž„μŠ€λŠ” νƒˆμΆœμ„ μ‹œλ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
And so one of the first things he did was to get himself baptized,
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κ·Έκ°€ ν–ˆλ˜ 첫 번째 일은 μ„Έλ‘€λ₯Ό λ°›λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
05:51
because he wanted to get a set of godparents,
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λŒ€λͺ¨μ™€ λŒ€λΆ€λ₯Ό μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
because to an 18th-century slave,
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18μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œμ„œ κ·ΈλŠ”
05:55
they knew that one of the major responsibilities of godfathers
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λŒ€λΆ€μ˜ μ£Όμš”ν•œ μ±…μž„ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ νƒˆμΆœμ„ λ•λŠ” κ²ƒμž„μ„
05:58
was to help you escape.
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μ•Œμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
And so in the fall of 1771,
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그리고 1771λ…„μ˜ 가을 무렡,
06:04
James Somerset had a confrontation with Charles Stewart.
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μ œμž„μŠ€ μ„œλ¨Έμ…‹μ€ 찰슀 μŠ€νŠœμ–΄νŠΈμ™€ λŒ€λ©΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
We don't know exactly what happened, but then James dropped out of sight.
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μ •ν™•νžˆ 무슨 일이 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•ŒκΈ°λŠ” μ–΄λ ΅μ§€λ§Œ, μ œμž„μŠ€λŠ” μ‹œμ•Όμ—μ„œ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
An enraged Charles Stewart then hired slave catchers
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λΆ„λ…Έν•œ 찰슀 μŠ€νŠœμ–΄νŠΈλŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆμž‘μ΄λ₯Ό κ³ μš©ν•΄
06:15
to canvass the city of London,
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λŸ°λ˜μ„ 샅샅이 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³ ,
06:17
find him, bring him not back to Charles Stewart,
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κ·Έλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Έ ν›„ 찰슀 μŠ€νŠœμ–΄νŠΈ κ·Έ μžμ‹ μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
06:20
but to a ship, the Ann and Mary, that was floating in London Harbour,
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런던 항ꡬ에 λ–  μžˆλŠ” 'μ•€κ³Ό 메리' λΌλŠ” 배에 λ„˜κ²¨
κ·Έλ₯Ό κ°‘νŒμ— λ¬Άμ—ˆκ³ 
06:26
and he was chained to the deck,
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06:27
and the ship was to set sail for Jamaica
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λ°°λŠ” μ œμž„μŠ€κ°€ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ‹œμž₯에 νŒ”λ €κ°ˆ μžλ©”μ΄μΉ΄λ‘œ 곧 μΆœν•­ν•  μƒν™©μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
06:29
where James was to be sold in the slave markets
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06:32
and be doomed to the three to five years of life that a slave had
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κ·ΈλŠ” μžλ©”μ΄μΉ΄μ—μ„œ 3λ…„μ—μ„œ 5λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ„€νƒ•μˆ˜μˆ˜λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν™•ν•˜λŠ”
06:36
harvesting sugar cane in Jamaica.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆκ°€ 될 운λͺ…μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
Well now James' godparents swung into action.
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μ œμž„μŠ€μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λ“€μ€ 행동을 μ·¨ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
They approached the most powerful judge,
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그듀은 κ°€μž₯ 영ν–₯λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” νŒμ‚¬μΈ
06:44
Lord Mansfield, who was chief judge of the court of King's Bench,
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κ³ λ“± λ²•μ›μ˜ μˆ˜μ„ νŒμ‚¬μΈ λ§¨μŠ€ν•„λ“œ κ²½κ³Ό μ ‘μ΄‰ν–ˆκ³ 
06:48
and they demanded that he issue a common law writ of habeus corpus
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μ˜λ―Έλ²•μ— κ·Όκ±°ν•œ 인신 보호 영μž₯을 μ œμž„μŠ€ μ„œλ¨Έμ…‹μ—κ²Œ
06:52
on behalf of James Somerset.
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λ°œλΆ€ν•΄μ€„ 것을 μš”μ²­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
Now, the common law is the kind of law that English-speaking judges can make
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μ˜λ―Έλ²•μ€ μ˜μ–΄κΆŒ νŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 법인데
06:57
when they're not cabined in by statutes or constitutions,
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λ²•λ Ήμ΄λ‚˜ ν—Œλ²•μ˜ 규제λ₯Ό 받지 μ•ŠλŠ” ν•œ μ œμ • κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©°,
07:02
and a writ of habeus corpus is called the Great Writ,
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인신 보호 영μž₯은 λŒ€λ¬Έμž G, λŒ€λ¬Έμž Wλ₯Ό μ“°λŠ”
07:04
capital G, capital W,
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Great Writ라고 일컬어지며
07:06
and it's meant to protect any of us who are detained against our will.
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μ΄λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ μ˜μ§€μ— λ°˜ν•΄ μ†λ°•λœ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λˆ„κ΅¬λ“  λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
A writ of habeus corpus is issued.
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인신 보호 영μž₯은 λ°œλΆ€λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
07:13
The detainer is required to bring the detainee in
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λΆˆλ²• μ μœ μžλŠ” λΆˆλ²• ν”Όμ μœ μžλ₯Ό 데렀와야 ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
07:15
and give a legally sufficient reason for depriving him of his bodily liberty.
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그의 신체적 자유λ₯Ό λ°•νƒˆν•œ 것에 λŒ€ν•œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 법적 이유λ₯Ό μ œκΈ°ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
Well, Lord Mansfield had to make a decision right off the bat,
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λ§¨μŠ€ν•„λ“œ 경은 μ¦‰μ‹œ 결정을 λ‚΄λ €μ•Ό ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
07:26
because if James Somerset was a legal thing,
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μ œμž„μŠ€ μ„œλ¨Έμ…‹μ΄ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 사물인 것이라면
07:29
he was not eligible for a writ of habeus corpus,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 인신 보호 영μž₯을 받을 κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©°
07:32
only if he could be a legal person.
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κ·Έκ°€ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμΌ λ•Œλ§Œ 영μž₯ λ°œλΆ€κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
So Lord Mansfield decided that he would assume,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§¨μŠ€ν•„λ“œ 경은 κ·Έκ°€ μΆ”μ •ν•œ λŒ€λ‘œ νŒκ²°ν–ˆκ³ 
07:37
without deciding, that James Somerset was indeed a legal person,
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μ œμž„μŠ€ μ„œλ¨Έμ…‹μ€ μ •λ§λ‘œ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
07:41
and he issued the writ of habeus corpus, and James's body was brought in
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인신 보호 영μž₯을 λ°œλΆ€λ°›μ€ μ œμž„μŠ€μ˜ μ‹ μ²΄λŠ” μ„ μž₯에 μ˜ν•΄
07:44
by the captain of the ship.
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μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ°λ €μ™€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
There were a series of hearings over the next six months.
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이후 6κ°œμ›” κ°„ 일련의 μ²­λ¬ΈνšŒλ“€μ΄ μ—΄λ Έκ³ 
07:49
On June 22, 1772, Lord Mansfield said that slavery was so odious,
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1772λ…„ 6μ›” 22일, λ§¨μŠ€ν•„λ“œ 경은 λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„κ°€ 맀우 혐였슀러운 것이라고 λ§ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
07:55
and he used the word "odious,"
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜λ―Έλ²•μ—λŠ” λ“±μž₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”
07:56
that the common law would not support it, and he ordered James free.
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"혐였슀러운"μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆκ³  μ œμž„μŠ€λ₯Ό ν•΄λ°©μ‹œν‚¬ 것을 λͺ…λ Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
At that moment, James Somerset underwent a legal transubstantiation.
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κ·Έ μˆœκ°„, μ œμž„μŠ€ μ„œλ¨Έμ…‹μ˜ 법적 νŠΉμ„±μ΄ λ³€ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
The free man who walked out of the courtroom
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법정을 κ±Έμ–΄λ‚˜κ°„ μžμœ μΈμ€
08:06
looked exactly like the slave who had walked in,
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처음 법정을 κ±Έμ–΄λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ™€ μ™„μ „νžˆ 같은 μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ
08:09
but as far as the law was concerned, they had nothing whatsoever in common.
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법과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ ν•œ κ·Έ λ‘˜μ€ μ „ν˜€ 곡톡점이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
The next thing we did is that the Nonhuman Rights Project,
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ œκ°€ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 인간이 μ•„λ‹Œ κ²ƒμ˜ ꢌ리 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό 펼쳀고,
08:17
which I founded, then began to look at what kind of values and principles
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŒμ‚¬μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ 원칙을 μ œμΆœν•˜κ³  싢은지λ₯Ό
08:21
do we want to put before the judges?
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μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λ € ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
What values and principles did they imbibe with their mother's milk,
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그듀이 μ–΄λ–€ κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ 원칙듀을 νƒœμ–΄λ‚  λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° μ΅ν˜€ μ™”κ³ ,
08:28
were they taught in law school, do they use every day,
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λ‘œμŠ€μΏ¨μ—μ„œ κ΅μœ‘λ°›μ•˜κ³ , μΌμƒμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  있으며,
08:31
do they believe with all their hearts -- and we chose liberty and equality.
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진심을 λ‹€ν•΄ λ―ΏλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ‚΄ν•€ ν›„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžμœ μ™€ 평등을 μ„ νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
Now, liberty right is the kind of right to which you're entitled
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μžμœ κΆŒμ€ 당신이 νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μ„ λ•ŒλΆ€ν„°
08:37
because of how you're put together,
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가지고 μžˆλŠ” ꢌ리이고,
08:40
and a fundamental liberty right protects a fundamental interest.
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기본적 μžμœ κΆŒμ€ 기초적인 이해관계λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
And the supreme interest in the common law
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μ˜λ―Έλ²•μ—μ„œ μ΅œμƒμœ„ μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„λŠ”
08:48
are the rights to autonomy and self-determination.
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자율과 자주적 κ²°μ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
So they are so powerful that in a common law country,
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이듀은 μ•„μ£Ό κ°•λ ₯ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ, μ˜λ―Έλ²•μ˜ μ§€λ°°ν•˜μ— μžˆλŠ” λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ
08:57
if you go to a hospital and you refuse life-saving medical treatment,
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당신이 ν™˜μžμ΄λ©° λ³‘μ›μ˜ 인λͺ… ꡬ쑰 치료λ₯Ό κ±°λΆ€ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
09:02
a judge will not order it forced upon you,
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νŒμ‚¬λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 죄λ₯Ό 묻지 μ•Šμ„ 것인데
09:04
because they will respect your self-determination and your autonomy.
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μ΄λŠ” νŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 자율과 자주적 결정을 μ‘΄μ€‘ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
Now, an equality right is the kind of right to which you're entitled
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ν‰λ“±κΆŒμ€ 당신이 λ‹€λ₯Έ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ™€ μƒλ‹Ήν•˜λŠ”
09:12
because you resemble someone else in a relevant way,
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μœ μ‚¬μ„±μ„ 가지고 있으며,
09:15
and there's the rub, relevant way.
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관련성이 μžˆκΈ°μ— κ°–λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
So if you are that, then because they have the right, you're like them,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ 있고 μœ μ‚¬μ„±μ΄ μžˆκΈ°μ—
09:21
you're entitled to the right.
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당신은 ꢌ리λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬λ°›κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
Now, courts and legislatures draw lines all the time.
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법정과 μ˜νšŒμ—μ„œλŠ” 항상 선을 κ·Έμ–΄ λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
Some are included, some are excluded.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡μ€ μ„  μ•ˆμ— 있으며, μ–΄λ–€ μ΄λŠ” μ œμ™Έλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
But you have to, at the bare minimum you must --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 당신은, μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œλ„ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ
09:35
that line has to be a reasonable means to a legitimate end.
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κ·Έ 선을 ν•©λ‹Ήν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν•©λ‹Ήν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 둬야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
The Nonhuman Rights Project argues that drawing a line
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인간이 μ•„λ‹Œ κ²ƒμ˜ ꢌ리 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” 제 λ’€μ˜ μΉ¨νŒ¬μΉ˜λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
09:42
in order to enslave an autonomous and self-determining being
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자율적이며 자주적 결정을 ν•˜λŠ” 쑴재λ₯Ό λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄
09:45
like you're seeing behind me,
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ν‰λ“±κΆŒ μœ„λ°˜μ„ λ§ν•˜λ©°
09:47
that that's a violation of equality.
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선을 κΈ‹λŠ” 것을 λ°˜λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
We then searched through 80 jurisdictions,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 80개의 κ΄€ν•  ꡬ역을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆκ³ 
09:53
it took us seven years, to find the jurisdiction
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 첫 μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ œκΈ°ν•  지역을 μ°ΎλŠ” 데 7년이 κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:56
where we wanted to begin filing our first suit.
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09:58
We chose the state of New York.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‰΄μš•μ£Όλ₯Ό μ„ νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:59
Then we decided upon who our plaintiffs are going to be.
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ€ λˆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ›κ³ λ‘œ 삼을지 κ³ λ―Όν–ˆκ³ 
10:02
We decided upon chimpanzees,
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μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€μ„ μ„ νƒν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
10:04
not just because Jane Goodall was on our board of directors,
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μ΄λŠ” 제인 ꡬ달이 저희 이사 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…μ΄μ–΄μ„œμΌλΏ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
10:07
but because they, Jane and others,
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μ œμΈμ„ λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
10:10
have studied chimpanzees intensively for decades.
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λͺ‡μ‹­ 년에 걸쳐 μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 심도 κΉŠμ€ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•΄ μ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:13
We know the extraordinary cognitive capabilities that they have,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀이 가진 λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ 인지λŠ₯λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°
10:17
and they also resemble the kind that human beings have.
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그듀이 인간과 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ μ’…μž„μ„ μΈμ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
And so we chose chimpanzees, and we began to then canvass the world
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν–ˆκ³ , μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€ 인지λŠ₯λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄
10:25
to find the experts in chimpanzee cognition.
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전세계λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
We found them in Japan, Sweden, Germany, Scotland, England and the United States,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일본, μŠ€μ›¨λ΄, 독일, μŠ€μ½”ν‹€λžœλ“œ, 영ꡭ과 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•˜μœΌλ©°
10:32
and amongst them, they wrote 100 pages of affidavits
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그듀은 100νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ˜ μ§„μˆ μ„œλ₯Ό 써 μ£Όμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
10:35
in which they set out more than 40 ways
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μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€μ˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 인지λŠ₯λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•΄
10:38
in which their complex cognitive capability,
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40가지 μ΄μƒμ˜ 방법을 κΈ°μˆ ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
10:41
either individually or together,
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이것듀은 κ°œλ³„μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ μ’…ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œλ„
10:43
all added up to autonomy and self-determination.
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그듀이 가진 자율과 자주적 ꢌ리의 κ·Όκ±°κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
Now, these included, for example, that they were conscious.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 이 근거듀은 그듀이 μ˜μ‹μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 ν¬ν•¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
But they're also conscious that they're conscious.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그듀은 λ˜ν•œ 그듀이 μ˜μ‹μ΄ μžˆμŒμ„ μ§€κ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:53
They know they have a mind. They know that others have minds.
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그듀은 감정을 가짐을 μ•Œλ©° λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀이 감정을 가진 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그듀이 각기 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‘΄μž¬μž„μ„ μ•Œλ©° 그렇기에 그듀은 μ‚΄μ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:56
They know they're individuals, and that they can live.
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10:58
They understand that they lived yesterday and they will live tomorrow.
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그듀은 μ–΄μ œλ₯Ό μ‚΄μ•„ μ™”κ³  내일을 μ‚΄μ•„κ°ˆ 것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
They engage in mental time travel. They remember what happened yesterday.
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그듀은 정신적 μ‹œκ°„ 여행을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은 μ–΄μ œ 무슨 일이 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
They can anticipate tomorrow,
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그듀은 내일을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 있으며
11:06
which is why it's so terrible to imprison a chimpanzee, especially alone.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ₯Ό κ°€λ‘λŠ” 것, 특히 독방에 κ°κΈˆν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ”μ°ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
It's the thing that we do to our worst criminals,
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이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΅œμ•…μ˜ λ²”μ£„μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μΌμ΄λ‚˜
11:14
and we do that to chimpanzees without even thinking about it.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 일듀을 μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 별닀λ₯Έ 생각 없이 μ €μ§€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
They have some kind of moral capacity.
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그듀은 μΌμ’…μ˜ 도덕적 λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
When they play economic games with human beings,
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그듀이 인간과 κ²½μ œμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ κ²Œμž„μ„ ν•  λ•Œ
11:25
they'll spontaneously make fair offers, even when they're not required to do so.
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그듀은 심지어 그럴 ν•„μš”κ°€ 없을 λ•Œμ‘°μ°¨ 자발적으둜 κ³΅μ •ν•œ 쑰건을 μ œμ•ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
They are numerate. They understand numbers.
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그듀은 계산 λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμ–΄ 숫자λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
They can do some simple math.
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μˆ˜ν•™μ„ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
They can engage in language -- or to stay out of the language wars,
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μ–Έμ–΄ν™œλ™μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ–ΈμŸ 밖에 μžˆκΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
they're involved in intentional and referential communication
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그듀은 μ˜λ„μ μ΄κ³  μ§€μ‹œμ μΈ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ„ ν•˜λ©°
11:40
in which they pay attention to the attitudes of those
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 청쀑듀이 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” νƒœλ„μ— 관심을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
with whom they are speaking.
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11:44
They have culture.
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그듀은 λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:45
They have a material culture, a social culture.
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그듀은 물질 λ¬Έν™”, μ‚¬νšŒ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:48
They have a symbolic culture.
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그듀은 상징 λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
Scientists in the TaΓ― Forests in the Ivory Coast
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μ½”νŠΈλ””λΆ€μ•„λ₯΄μ˜ 타이 숲의 κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€
11:54
found chimpanzees who were using these rocks to smash open
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맀우 λ”±λ”±ν•œ 견과λ₯˜μ˜ κ»μ§ˆμ„ λΆ€μˆ˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
11:58
the incredibly hard hulls of nuts.
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λŒμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:01
It takes a long time to learn how to do that,
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κ·Έ 방법을 μ΅νžˆλŠ” λ°μ—λŠ” 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ±Έλ Έκ³ 
12:03
and they excavated the area and they found
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그듀은 κ·Έ μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό λ°œκ΅΄ν•˜κ³  물질 λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
12:05
that this material culture, this way of doing it,
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λŒμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 이런 방법을
12:08
these rocks, had passed down for at least 4,300 years
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μ΅œμ†Œν•œ 4300λ…„ μ „λΆ€ν„° 225μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€ μ„ΈλŒ€μ—
12:11
through 225 chimpanzee generations.
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μ „ν•΄μ Έ λ‚΄λ €μ˜€λ„λ‘ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
So now we needed to find our chimpanzee.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:19
Our chimpanzee,
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우리의 μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€,
12:22
first we found two of them in the state of New York.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‰΄μš•μ—μ„œ κ·Έ λ‘˜μ„ 처음 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:25
Both of them would die before we could even get our suits filed.
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ†Œμ†‘ν•˜κΈ°λ„ 전에 사망할 λ“― λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
Then we found Tommy.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν† λ―Έλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
Tommy is a chimpanzee. You see him behind me.
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ν† λ―ΈλŠ” 당신이 제 λ’€μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” κ·Έ μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:33
Tommy was a chimpanzee. We found him in that cage.
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ν† λ―ΈλŠ” μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€μ˜€κ³  μ € μš°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
We found him in a small room that was filled with cages
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‰΄μš•μ˜ 쀑심에 μžˆλŠ” 이동 주택 λΆ€μ§€μ˜ 큰 μ°½κ³  μ•ˆ,
12:39
in a larger warehouse structure on a used trailer lot in central New York.
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건물 우리둜 가득찬 μž‘μ€ λ°©μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
We found Kiko, who is partially deaf.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·€κ°€ 잘 듀리지 μ•ŠλŠ” ν‚€μ½”λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:46
Kiko was in the back of a cement storefront in western Massachusetts.
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ν‚€μ½”λŠ” μ„œλΆ€ 맀사좔세츠에 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œλ©˜νŠΈ 점포의 λ’·νŽΈμ— μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
And we found Hercules and Leo.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν—€λΌν΄λ ˆμŠ€μ™€ 레였λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
They're two young male chimpanzees
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κ·Έ λ‘˜μ€ μ–΄λ¦° μ†Œλ…„ μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
12:55
who are being used for biomedical, anatomical research at Stony Brook.
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μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆ λΈŒλ£©μ—μ„œ 생물학적, 해뢀학적 쑰사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
We found them.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:00
And so on the last week of December 2013,
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그리고 μ§€λ‚œ 2013λ…„ 12μ›”μ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ£Ό,
13:03
the Nonhuman Rights Project filed three suits all across the state of New York
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인간이 μ•„λ‹Œ κ²ƒμ˜ ꢌ리 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” λ‰΄μš• μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ 3건의 μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ œκΈ°ν–ˆκ³ 
13:07
using the same common law writ of habeus corpus argument
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μ΄λŠ” μ œμž„μŠ€ μ„œλ¨Έμ…‹μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 것과 같이 μ˜λ―Έλ²•μ˜
13:10
that had been used with James Somerset,
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인신 보호 영μž₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
13:13
and we demanded that the judges issue these common law writs of habeus corpus.
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νŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ˜λ―Έλ²•μ˜ 인신 보호 영μž₯을 λ°œλΆ€ν•  것을 μš”κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:18
We wanted the chimpanzees out,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€μ„ νƒˆμΆœμ‹œν‚€κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆκ³ ,
13:20
and we wanted them brought to Save the Chimps,
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그듀을 μ„œλΆ€ ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€ ν”Όλ‚œμ²˜μ΄μž
13:23
a tremendous chimpanzee sanctuary in South Florida
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12~13개의 섬에 인곡 ν˜Έμˆ˜κ°€ μ„€μΉ˜λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
13:27
which involves an artificial lake with 12 or 13 islands --
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24마리의 μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€μ΄ 2~3μ—μ΄μ»€μ˜ λ•…μ—μ„œ
13:32
there are two or three acres where two dozen chimpanzees live
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각자 μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” Save the Chimps둜 데렀였고 μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:35
on each of them.
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13:36
And these chimpanzees would then live the life of a chimpanzee,
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그러면 이 μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€μ€ 슀슀둜의 삢을 μ˜μœ ν•  것이고
13:39
with other chimpanzees in an environment that was as close to Africa as possible.
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μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ 아프리카와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μΉ¨νŒ¬μ§€λ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄μ•„κ°ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:43
Now, all these cases are still going on.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  μ†Œμ†‘λ“€μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 진행 μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
We have not yet run into our Lord Mansfield.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직 우리의 λ§¨μŠ€ν•„λ“œ κ²½κ³Ό λ§ˆμ£ΌμΉ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
13:52
We shall. We shall.
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κΌ­ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
This is a long-term strategic litigation campaign. We shall.
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이건 μž₯κΈ°κ°„μ˜ μ „λž΅μ μΈ μ†Œμ†‘ μš΄λ™μ΄ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
And to quote Winston Churchill,
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그리고 μœˆμŠ€ν„΄ μ²˜μΉ μ„ μΈμš©ν•˜μžλ©΄,
14:00
the way we view our cases is that they're not the end,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 μ†Œμ†‘λ“€μ„ 이제 λλ‚œ 것이라 보지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©°,
14:04
they're not even the beginning of the end,
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그것듀은 심지어 끝에 가깝지도 μ•Šκ³ ,
14:06
but they are perhaps the end of the beginning.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 이제 막 μ‹œμž‘μ„ 끝낸 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:10
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(λ°•μˆ˜)
14:12
(Applause)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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