Chimps have feelings and thoughts. They should also have rights

112,196 views ใƒป 2015-05-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yoona Jeon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I'd like to have you look at this pencil.
0
12949
2601
์ด ์—ฐํ•„์„ ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
It's a thing. It's a legal thing.
1
15550
2857
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
00:18
And so are books you might have or the cars you own.
2
18407
2972
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
They're all legal things.
3
22319
1939
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
The great apes that you'll see behind me,
4
24258
3623
์ œ ๋’ค์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค,
00:27
they too are legal things.
5
27881
3668
๊ทธ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Now, I can do that to a legal thing.
6
31549
4273
์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
I can do whatever I want to my book or my car.
7
35822
2809
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ฐจ์—๋„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
These great apes, you'll see.
8
38631
2902
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
00:41
The photographs are taken by a man named James Mollison
9
41533
3887
์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ์†์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ์ฐ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:45
who wrote a book called "James & Other Apes."
10
45420
3044
๊ทธ๋Š” "์ œ์ž„์Šค์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜" ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
And he tells in his book how every single one them,
11
48464
2763
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ,
00:51
almost every one of them, is an orphan
12
51227
2298
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ์•„์ด๋ฉฐ
00:53
who saw his mother and father die before his eyes.
13
53525
3615
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
They're legal things.
14
58110
1638
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
So for centuries, there's been a great legal wall
15
59748
2693
๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์กด์žฌํ•ด ์˜จ ๋ฒ•์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์€
01:02
that separates legal things from legal persons.
16
62441
3344
๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
On one hand, legal things are invisible to judges.
17
65785
3785
์šฐ์„ , ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์žฌํŒ๊ด€์˜ ์‹œ์•ผ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
They don't count in law.
18
69570
1950
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ–์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
They don't have any legal rights.
19
71520
1695
๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
They don't have the capacity for legal rights.
20
73215
2484
๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
They are the slaves.
21
75699
2137
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
On the other side of that legal wall are the legal persons.
22
77836
2824
๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Legal persons are very visible to judges.
23
80660
2437
๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์žฌํŒ๊ด€์˜ ์‹œ์•ผ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
They count in law.
24
83607
1705
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ• ์•ˆ์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
They may have many rights.
25
85312
1927
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
They have the capacity for an infinite number of rights.
26
87239
2903
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
And they're the masters.
27
90142
2368
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Right now, all nonhuman animals are legal things.
28
93300
4479
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์™ธ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
All human beings are legal persons.
29
97779
2881
๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
But being human and being a legal person
30
100660
2809
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:43
has never been, and is not today, synonymous with a legal person.
31
103469
5643
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Humans and legal persons are not synonymous.
32
109112
3366
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
On the one side,
33
112478
2880
๋จผ์ €,
01:55
there have been many human beings over the centuries
34
115358
4133
์˜ค๋žœ ์˜›๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๋˜
01:59
who have been legal things.
35
119491
1973
๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Slaves were legal things.
36
121464
1533
๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Women, children, were sometimes legal things.
37
122997
3722
์—ฌ์ž๋“ค, ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„ ํ•œ๋•Œ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Indeed, a great deal of civil rights struggle over the last centuries
38
127499
3647
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋“ค์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์Ÿ์ทจ๋œ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€
02:11
has been to punch a hole through that wall and begin to feed
39
131146
4513
๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ•๋ง ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผœ
02:15
these human things through the wall and have them become legal persons.
40
135659
5054
์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
But alas, that hole has closed up.
41
140713
3469
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์€ ๋‹ซํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Now, on the other side are legal persons,
42
144772
2047
์ด์ œ, ๋ฒ•์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:26
but they've never only been limited to human beings.
43
146819
4133
๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๋งŒ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
There are, for example, there are many legal persons who are not even alive.
44
150952
3988
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€
๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
In the United States,
45
154940
1607
02:36
we're aware of the fact that corporations are legal persons.
46
156547
3993
ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ธ, ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
In pre-independence India,
47
160540
1975
๋…๋ฆฝ ์ „ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ,
02:42
a court held that a Hindu idol was a legal person,
48
162515
2624
๋ฒ•์›์€ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์šฐ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ
02:45
that a mosque was a legal person.
49
165139
2061
๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
In 2000, the Indian Supreme Court
50
167200
2430
2000๋…„์— ์ธ๋„ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์€
02:49
held that the holy books of the Sikh religion was a legal person,
51
169630
3543
์‹œํฌ ๊ต๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
and in 2012, just recently,
52
173173
2299
๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ์ธ 2012๋…„์—,
02:55
there was a treaty between the indigenous peoples of New Zealand
53
175472
3761
๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์™• ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
02:59
and the crown, in which it was agreed that a river was a legal person
54
179233
3251
๊ฐ•์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
03:02
who owned its own riverbed.
55
182484
3041
์กฐ์•ฝ์ด ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Now, I read Peter Singer's book in 1980,
56
185525
3251
์ €๋Š” 1980๋…„, ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์› ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ,
03:08
when I had a full head of lush, brown hair,
57
188776
3724
ํ”ผํ„ฐ ์‹ฑ์–ด์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:12
and indeed I was moved by it,
58
192500
2588
๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๊นŠ์ด ๊ฐ๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
because I had become a lawyer because I wanted to speak for the voiceless,
59
195088
3528
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฐฉ๋น„์ธ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:18
defend the defenseless,
60
198616
1235
๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:19
and I'd never realized how voiceless and defenseless the trillions,
61
199851
4412
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋ฐฉ๋น„ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋†“์˜€๋Š”์ง€
03:24
billions of nonhuman animals are.
62
204263
3506
์•Œ์•„์ฑˆ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
And I began to work as an animal protection lawyer.
63
207769
3019
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
And by 1985, I realized that I was trying to accomplish something
64
210788
4876
์ด์œฝ๊ณ  1985๋…„, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์„
03:35
that was literally impossible,
65
215664
1927
์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
the reason being that all of my clients,
66
217591
2624
์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค,
03:40
all the animals whose interests I was trying to defend,
67
220215
3482
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
03:43
were legal things; they were invisible.
68
223697
2485
๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์กด์žฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
It was not going to work, so I decided
69
226182
1920
๋ณ€ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
03:48
that the only thing that was going to work was they had, at least some of them,
70
228102
3964
์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋‚˜๋งˆ
03:52
had to also be moved through a hole that we could open up again in that wall
71
232066
3798
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฒ•์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋šซ๊ณ 
03:55
and begin feeding the appropriate nonhuman animals through that hole
72
235864
3576
์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํƒœ๋‘๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ
03:59
onto the other side of being legal persons.
73
239440
3546
๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Now, at that time, there was very little known about or spoken about
74
242986
5440
๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฒ•์ธ์˜
04:08
truly animal rights,
75
248426
2368
04:10
about the idea of having legal personhood or legal rights for a nonhuman animal,
76
250794
4441
๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:15
and I knew it was going to take a long time.
77
255235
2770
๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
And so, in 1985, I figured that it would take about 30 years
78
258005
3400
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ, 1985๋…„ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋šซ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:21
before we'd be able to even begin a strategic litigation,
79
261405
3529
ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋งŒ
04:24
long-term campaign, in order to be able to punch another hole through that wall.
80
264934
5782
30๋…„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
It turned out that I was pessimistic, that it only took 28.
81
270716
5840
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ด€๋ก ์ž์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ž‘ 28๋…„ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
So what we had to do in order to begin was not only
82
278801
6439
์ด ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:45
to write law review articles and teach classes, write books,
83
285240
4682
๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ , ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:49
but we had to then begin to get down to the nuts and bolts
84
289922
2968
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:52
of how you litigate that kind of case.
85
292890
1985
์‹ค๋ฌด์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
So one of the first things we needed to do was figure out what a cause of action was,
86
294875
4033
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด
04:58
a legal cause of action.
87
298908
1459
์ฃผ์›์ธ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And a legal cause of action is a vehicle that lawyers use
88
300367
2897
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ฃผ์›์ธ์ด๋ž€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํŒ์‚ฌ ์•ž์—์„œ
05:03
to put their arguments in front of courts.
89
303264
5576
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
It turns out there's a very interesting case
90
308840
2904
์ด์œฝ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ 250๋…„ ์ „ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ์„œ๋จธ์…‹ ๋Œ€ ์ŠคํŠœ์–ดํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:11
that had occurred almost 250 years ago in London called Somerset vs. Stewart,
91
311744
4604
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์†ก์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:16
whereby a black slave had used the legal system
92
316348
3096
์ด ์†Œ์†ก์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘์ธ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:19
and had moved from a legal thing to a legal person.
93
319444
2879
์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์  ์ง€์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
I was so interested in it that I eventually wrote an entire book about it.
94
322323
4063
์ €๋Š” ์ด ์†Œ์†ก์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ… ํ•œ ๊ถŒ์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
James Somerset was an eight-year-old boy when he was kidnapped from West Africa.
95
326386
5387
์ œ์ž„์Šค ์„œ๋จธ์…‹์€ ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋‚ฉ์น˜๋œ 8์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋…„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
He survived the Middle Passage,
96
331773
2947
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ๋ฌด์—ญ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ•ญ๋กœ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜๊ณ 
05:34
and he was sold to a Scottish businessman named Charles Stewart in Virginia.
97
334720
5174
๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์ฐฐ์Šค ์ŠคํŠœ์–ดํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ”๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Now, 20 years later, Stewart brought James Somerset to London,
98
339894
4208
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  20๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜, ์ŠคํŠœ์–ดํŠธ๋Š” ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์„œ๋จธ์…‹์„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ”๊ณ 
05:44
and after he got there, James decided he was going to escape.
99
344102
3878
๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ œ์ž„์Šค๋Š” ํƒˆ์ถœ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
And so one of the first things he did was to get himself baptized,
100
347980
3640
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ผ์€ ์„ธ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:51
because he wanted to get a set of godparents,
101
351620
2281
๋Œ€๋ชจ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
because to an 18th-century slave,
102
353901
1811
18์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š”
05:55
they knew that one of the major responsibilities of godfathers
103
355712
3158
๋Œ€๋ถ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ์ถœ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„
05:58
was to help you escape.
104
358870
2112
์•Œ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
And so in the fall of 1771,
105
360982
4016
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1771๋…„์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ ๋ฌด๋ ต,
06:04
James Somerset had a confrontation with Charles Stewart.
106
364998
2643
์ œ์ž„์Šค ์„œ๋จธ์…‹์€ ์ฐฐ์Šค ์ŠคํŠœ์–ดํŠธ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
We don't know exactly what happened, but then James dropped out of sight.
107
367641
4672
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ์ž„์Šค๋Š” ์‹œ์•ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
An enraged Charles Stewart then hired slave catchers
108
372313
2996
๋ถ„๋…ธํ•œ ์ฐฐ์Šค ์ŠคํŠœ์–ดํŠธ๋Š” ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์žก์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ด
06:15
to canvass the city of London,
109
375309
2241
๋Ÿฐ๋˜์„ ์ƒ…์ƒ…์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:17
find him, bring him not back to Charles Stewart,
110
377550
2600
๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ํ›„ ์ฐฐ์Šค ์ŠคํŠœ์–ดํŠธ ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:20
but to a ship, the Ann and Mary, that was floating in London Harbour,
111
380150
6023
๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์— ๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” '์•ค๊ณผ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ' ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์— ๋„˜๊ฒจ
๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ‘ํŒ์— ๋ฌถ์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:26
and he was chained to the deck,
112
386173
1620
06:27
and the ship was to set sail for Jamaica
113
387793
2004
๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์ œ์ž„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ํŒ”๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด๋กœ ๊ณง ์ถœํ•ญํ•  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:29
where James was to be sold in the slave markets
114
389797
3019
06:32
and be doomed to the three to five years of life that a slave had
115
392816
3483
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด์—์„œ 3๋…„์—์„œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„คํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•˜๋Š”
06:36
harvesting sugar cane in Jamaica.
116
396299
2851
๋…ธ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์šด๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Well now James' godparents swung into action.
117
399150
3209
์ œ์ž„์Šค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
They approached the most powerful judge,
118
402359
2507
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ์‚ฌ์ธ
06:44
Lord Mansfield, who was chief judge of the court of King's Bench,
119
404866
3646
๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ํŒ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋งจ์Šคํ•„๋“œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:48
and they demanded that he issue a common law writ of habeus corpus
120
408512
3645
์˜๋ฏธ๋ฒ•์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ธ์‹  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์žฅ์„ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์„œ๋จธ์…‹์—๊ฒŒ
06:52
on behalf of James Somerset.
121
412157
1834
๋ฐœ๋ถ€ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Now, the common law is the kind of law that English-speaking judges can make
122
413991
3971
์˜๋ฏธ๋ฒ•์€ ์˜์–ด๊ถŒ ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ธ๋ฐ
06:57
when they're not cabined in by statutes or constitutions,
123
417962
4137
๋ฒ•๋ น์ด๋‚˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์ œ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
07:02
and a writ of habeus corpus is called the Great Writ,
124
422099
2596
์ธ์‹  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์žฅ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž G, ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž W๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”
07:04
capital G, capital W,
125
424695
2067
Great Writ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์ปฌ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ
07:06
and it's meant to protect any of us who are detained against our will.
126
426762
4528
์ด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ง€์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์†๋ฐ•๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
A writ of habeus corpus is issued.
127
431290
1973
์ธ์‹  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์žฅ์€ ๋ฐœ๋ถ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
07:13
The detainer is required to bring the detainee in
128
433263
2438
๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์ ์œ ์ž๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ํ”ผ์ ์œ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:15
and give a legally sufficient reason for depriving him of his bodily liberty.
129
435701
5875
๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
Well, Lord Mansfield had to make a decision right off the bat,
130
441576
4994
๋งจ์Šคํ•„๋“œ ๊ฒฝ์€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:26
because if James Somerset was a legal thing,
131
446570
2784
์ œ์ž„์Šค ์„œ๋จธ์…‹์ด ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
07:29
he was not eligible for a writ of habeus corpus,
132
449354
3065
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ์‹  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:32
only if he could be a legal person.
133
452419
2020
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์˜์žฅ ๋ฐœ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
So Lord Mansfield decided that he would assume,
134
454439
3018
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งจ์Šคํ•„๋“œ ๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ํŒ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:37
without deciding, that James Somerset was indeed a legal person,
135
457457
4103
์ œ์ž„์Šค ์„œ๋จธ์…‹์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:41
and he issued the writ of habeus corpus, and James's body was brought in
136
461560
3411
์ธ์‹  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์žฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ถ€๋ฐ›์€ ์ œ์ž„์Šค์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ์„ ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด
07:44
by the captain of the ship.
137
464971
1511
์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
There were a series of hearings over the next six months.
138
466482
2701
์ดํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๊ฐ„ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ฒญ๋ฌธํšŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ด๋ ธ๊ณ 
07:49
On June 22, 1772, Lord Mansfield said that slavery was so odious,
139
469183
5828
1772๋…„ 6์›” 22์ผ, ๋งจ์Šคํ•„๋“œ ๊ฒฝ์€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:55
and he used the word "odious,"
140
475011
1834
๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
07:56
that the common law would not support it, and he ordered James free.
141
476845
3878
"ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ œ์ž„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…๋ นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
At that moment, James Somerset underwent a legal transubstantiation.
142
480723
3590
๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์„œ๋จธ์…‹์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
The free man who walked out of the courtroom
143
484883
2060
๋ฒ•์ •์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ž์œ ์ธ์€
08:06
looked exactly like the slave who had walked in,
144
486943
2248
์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฒ•์ •์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์™€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
08:09
but as far as the law was concerned, they had nothing whatsoever in common.
145
489191
5139
๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
The next thing we did is that the Nonhuman Rights Project,
146
494790
2950
๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํŽผ์ณค๊ณ ,
08:17
which I founded, then began to look at what kind of values and principles
147
497740
3510
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์›์น™์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€๋ฅผ
08:21
do we want to put before the judges?
148
501250
2878
์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
What values and principles did they imbibe with their mother's milk,
149
504128
3879
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์›์น™๋“ค์„ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตํ˜€ ์™”๊ณ ,
08:28
were they taught in law school, do they use every day,
150
508007
3083
๋กœ์Šค์ฟจ์—์„œ ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:31
do they believe with all their hearts -- and we chose liberty and equality.
151
511090
3689
์ง„์‹ฌ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ•€ ํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์œ ์™€ ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Now, liberty right is the kind of right to which you're entitled
152
514779
3032
์ž์œ ๊ถŒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:37
because of how you're put together,
153
517811
2341
๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ด๊ณ ,
08:40
and a fundamental liberty right protects a fundamental interest.
154
520152
5337
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ž์œ ๊ถŒ์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
And the supreme interest in the common law
155
525489
3235
์˜๋ฏธ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”
08:48
are the rights to autonomy and self-determination.
156
528724
4041
์ž์œจ๊ณผ ์ž์ฃผ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
So they are so powerful that in a common law country,
157
534015
3780
์ด๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
08:57
if you go to a hospital and you refuse life-saving medical treatment,
158
537795
4598
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ™˜์ž์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ธ๋ช… ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:02
a judge will not order it forced upon you,
159
542393
2247
ํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
09:04
because they will respect your self-determination and your autonomy.
160
544640
4811
์ด๋Š” ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž์œจ๊ณผ ์ž์ฃผ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Now, an equality right is the kind of right to which you're entitled
161
549451
3263
ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ถŒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”
09:12
because you resemble someone else in a relevant way,
162
552714
2896
์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:15
and there's the rub, relevant way.
163
555610
1991
๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
So if you are that, then because they have the right, you're like them,
164
557601
3738
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—
09:21
you're entitled to the right.
165
561339
2345
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Now, courts and legislatures draw lines all the time.
166
563684
2622
๋ฒ•์ •๊ณผ ์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ ์„ ๊ทธ์–ด ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Some are included, some are excluded.
167
566846
2272
๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์„  ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์™ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
But you have to, at the bare minimum you must --
168
569118
6142
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€, ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ
09:35
that line has to be a reasonable means to a legitimate end.
169
575260
4435
๊ทธ ์„ ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
The Nonhuman Rights Project argues that drawing a line
170
579695
2740
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ œ ๋’ค์˜ ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:42
in order to enslave an autonomous and self-determining being
171
582435
3307
์ž์œจ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž์ฃผ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:45
like you're seeing behind me,
172
585742
1788
ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ถŒ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:47
that that's a violation of equality.
173
587530
3030
์„ ์„ ๊ธ‹๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
We then searched through 80 jurisdictions,
174
591270
2550
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 80๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด€ํ•  ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:53
it took us seven years, to find the jurisdiction
175
593820
2245
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ 7๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
where we wanted to begin filing our first suit.
176
596065
2206
09:58
We chose the state of New York.
177
598271
1499
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Then we decided upon who our plaintiffs are going to be.
178
599770
2622
๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์›๊ณ ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:02
We decided upon chimpanzees,
179
602392
1866
์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:04
not just because Jane Goodall was on our board of directors,
180
604258
2851
์ด๋Š” ์ œ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ €ํฌ ์ด์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด์–ด์„œ์ผ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:07
but because they, Jane and others,
181
607109
3753
์ œ์ธ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
10:10
have studied chimpanzees intensively for decades.
182
610862
2720
๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋„ ๊นŠ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
We know the extraordinary cognitive capabilities that they have,
183
613582
3576
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:17
and they also resemble the kind that human beings have.
184
617158
3134
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ข…์ž„์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
And so we chose chimpanzees, and we began to then canvass the world
185
620292
5132
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:25
to find the experts in chimpanzee cognition.
186
625424
2832
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
We found them in Japan, Sweden, Germany, Scotland, England and the United States,
187
628256
4505
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ, ์Šค์›จ๋ด, ๋…์ผ, ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ, ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:32
and amongst them, they wrote 100 pages of affidavits
188
632761
2763
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 100ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ์ง„์ˆ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์จ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:35
in which they set out more than 40 ways
189
635524
2796
์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:38
in which their complex cognitive capability,
190
638320
2800
40๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:41
either individually or together,
191
641120
2020
์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„
10:43
all added up to autonomy and self-determination.
192
643140
3119
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž์œจ๊ณผ ์ž์ฃผ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Now, these included, for example, that they were conscious.
193
647429
3507
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜์‹์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
But they're also conscious that they're conscious.
194
650936
2347
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜์‹์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
They know they have a mind. They know that others have minds.
195
653283
2856
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ์•Œ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กด์žฌ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
They know they're individuals, and that they can live.
196
656139
2543
10:58
They understand that they lived yesterday and they will live tomorrow.
197
658682
3293
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„ ์™”๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
They engage in mental time travel. They remember what happened yesterday.
198
661975
3444
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •์‹ ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
They can anticipate tomorrow,
199
665419
1451
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์ผ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:06
which is why it's so terrible to imprison a chimpanzee, especially alone.
200
666870
4717
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋…๋ฐฉ์— ๊ฐ๊ธˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
It's the thing that we do to our worst criminals,
201
671587
2597
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‚˜
11:14
and we do that to chimpanzees without even thinking about it.
202
674184
4771
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์—†์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
They have some kind of moral capacity.
203
679715
2711
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋„๋•์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
When they play economic games with human beings,
204
682426
2926
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
11:25
they'll spontaneously make fair offers, even when they're not required to do so.
205
685352
4040
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
They are numerate. They understand numbers.
206
689392
2033
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
They can do some simple math.
207
691425
1380
๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
They can engage in language -- or to stay out of the language wars,
208
692805
4064
์–ธ์–ดํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ธ์Ÿ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
they're involved in intentional and referential communication
209
696869
3365
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜๋„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:40
in which they pay attention to the attitudes of those
210
700234
2487
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
with whom they are speaking.
211
702721
1531
11:44
They have culture.
212
704252
1458
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
They have a material culture, a social culture.
213
705900
2601
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ฌธํ™”, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
They have a symbolic culture.
214
708501
2415
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์ง• ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
Scientists in the Taรฏ Forests in the Ivory Coast
215
710916
3901
์ฝ”ํŠธ๋””๋ถ€์•„๋ฅด์˜ ํƒ€์ด ์ˆฒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
11:54
found chimpanzees who were using these rocks to smash open
216
714817
3529
๋งค์šฐ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ป์งˆ์„ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:58
the incredibly hard hulls of nuts.
217
718346
2786
๋Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
It takes a long time to learn how to do that,
218
721132
2299
๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ตํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ณ 
12:03
and they excavated the area and they found
219
723431
2113
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
12:05
that this material culture, this way of doing it,
220
725544
2833
๋Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
12:08
these rocks, had passed down for at least 4,300 years
221
728377
3343
์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 4300๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 225์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—
12:11
through 225 chimpanzee generations.
222
731720
4992
์ „ํ•ด์ ธ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
So now we needed to find our chimpanzee.
223
736712
2392
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
Our chimpanzee,
224
739104
3180
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€,
12:22
first we found two of them in the state of New York.
225
742284
2903
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
Both of them would die before we could even get our suits filed.
226
745187
3204
๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์†กํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ•  ๋“ฏ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
Then we found Tommy.
227
748391
1881
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ† ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Tommy is a chimpanzee. You see him behind me.
228
750272
3112
ํ† ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ œ ๋’ค์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
Tommy was a chimpanzee. We found him in that cage.
229
753384
2507
ํ† ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜€๊ณ  ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
We found him in a small room that was filled with cages
230
755891
3460
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋™ ์ฃผํƒ ๋ถ€์ง€์˜ ํฐ ์ฐฝ๊ณ  ์•ˆ,
12:39
in a larger warehouse structure on a used trailer lot in central New York.
231
759351
5186
๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
We found Kiko, who is partially deaf.
232
764537
2174
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ‚ค์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
Kiko was in the back of a cement storefront in western Massachusetts.
233
766711
5642
ํ‚ค์ฝ”๋Š” ์„œ๋ถ€ ๋งค์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ ํฌ์˜ ๋’ทํŽธ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
And we found Hercules and Leo.
234
772353
1897
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ—ค๋ผํด๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
They're two young male chimpanzees
235
774250
1703
๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์†Œ๋…„ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:55
who are being used for biomedical, anatomical research at Stony Brook.
236
775953
3413
์Šคํ† ๋‹ˆ ๋ธŒ๋ฃฉ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ , ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
We found them.
237
779366
1305
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
And so on the last week of December 2013,
238
780671
2712
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 2013๋…„ 12์›”์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฃผ,
13:03
the Nonhuman Rights Project filed three suits all across the state of New York
239
783383
3940
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ 3๊ฑด์˜ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
13:07
using the same common law writ of habeus corpus argument
240
787323
3478
์ด๋Š” ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์„œ๋จธ์…‹์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฒ•์˜
13:10
that had been used with James Somerset,
241
790801
2728
์ธ์‹  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:13
and we demanded that the judges issue these common law writs of habeus corpus.
242
793529
5087
ํŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ธ์‹  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์žฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
We wanted the chimpanzees out,
243
798616
2111
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์„ ํƒˆ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
13:20
and we wanted them brought to Save the Chimps,
244
800727
2786
๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋ถ€ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ฒ˜์ด์ž
13:23
a tremendous chimpanzee sanctuary in South Florida
245
803513
3948
12~13๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฌ์— ์ธ๊ณต ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
13:27
which involves an artificial lake with 12 or 13 islands --
246
807461
5087
24๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์ด 2~3์—์ด์ปค์˜ ๋•…์—์„œ
13:32
there are two or three acres where two dozen chimpanzees live
247
812548
2863
๊ฐ์ž ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” Save the Chimps๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
on each of them.
248
815411
1160
13:36
And these chimpanzees would then live the life of a chimpanzee,
249
816571
2950
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์˜์œ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
13:39
with other chimpanzees in an environment that was as close to Africa as possible.
250
819521
4402
์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
Now, all these cases are still going on.
251
823923
3947
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์†ก๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
We have not yet run into our Lord Mansfield.
252
828820
3082
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งจ์Šคํ•„๋“œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:52
We shall. We shall.
253
832622
1608
๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
This is a long-term strategic litigation campaign. We shall.
254
834230
3880
์ด๊ฑด ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ์†Œ์†ก ์šด๋™์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
And to quote Winston Churchill,
255
838110
2115
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œˆ์Šคํ„ด ์ฒ˜์น ์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
14:00
the way we view our cases is that they're not the end,
256
840225
4168
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ์†ก๋“ค์„ ์ด์ œ ๋๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ,
14:04
they're not even the beginning of the end,
257
844393
2043
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋์— ๊ฐ€๊น์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ ,
14:06
but they are perhaps the end of the beginning.
258
846436
3514
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Thank you.
259
850580
1917
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:12
(Applause)
260
852497
4000
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7