Rachel Sussman: The world's oldest living things

145,913 views ใƒป 2010-09-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seo Rim Kim
00:16
This strange-looking plant is called the Llareta.
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์ด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ '์•ผ๋ ˆํƒ€'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
What looks like moss covering rocks
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์ด๋ผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์ธ ๋ฐ”์œ„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
00:21
is actually a shrub
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
00:23
comprised of thousands of branches,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ด€๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
each containing clusters of tiny green leaves at the end
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋…น์ƒ‰์žŽ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ‰์ณ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:28
and so densely packed together
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๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
00:30
that you could actually stand on top of it.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
This individual lives in the Atacama Desert in Chile,
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์ด ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š” ์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ์•„ํƒ€์นด๋งˆ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
and it happens to be 3,000 years old.
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3000๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:39
It also happens to be a relative of parsley.
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ํŒŒ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
For the past five years, I've been researching,
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์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ €๋Š”
00:44
working with biologists
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
00:46
and traveling all over the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
00:48
to find continuously living organisms
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2000๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์˜จ
00:50
that are 2,000 years old and older.
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์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
The project is part art and part science.
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์ด ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
There's an environmental component.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:57
And I'm also trying to create a means
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ €๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ
00:59
in which to step outside our quotidian experience of time
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ํ•œ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:02
and to start to consider a deeper timescale.
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๋” ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
I selected 2,000 years as my minimum age
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์ €๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ 2000๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:08
because I wanted to start at what we consider to be year zero
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์„œ๊ธฐ 0๋…„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
01:11
and work backward from there.
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์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
What you're looking at now is a tree called Jomon Sugi,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '์กฐ๋ชฌ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
living on the remote island of Yakushima.
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์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์•ผ์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์™ธ๋”ด ์„ฌ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:19
The tree was in part a catalyst for the project.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐํญ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
I'd been traveling in Japan
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ์ผ ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š”
01:24
without an agenda other than to photograph,
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ณ„ํš๋„ ์—†์ด ์ผ๋ณธ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:26
and then I heard about this tree
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์ˆ˜๋ น์ด 2180๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š”
01:28
that is 2,180 years old
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ๋Š”
01:31
and knew that I had to go visit it.
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๊ผญ ๊ฐ€ ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
It wasn't until later, when I was actually back home in New York
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๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ
01:37
that I got the idea for the project.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์ฃ .
01:39
So it was the slow churn, if you will.
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์š”๋™์น˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
I think it was my longstanding desire
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์ด๊ฑฐ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์˜ค๋žœ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋˜ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:43
to bring together my interest
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์ €์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ , ๊ณผํ•™, ์ฒ ํ•™ ๋“ค์„
01:45
in art, science and philosophy
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ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
that allowed me to be ready
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์œ„์— ์ „๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผœ์ง€๋“ฏ์ด
01:49
when the proverbial light bulb went on.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
So I started researching, and to my surprise,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€
01:53
this project had never been done before
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š”
01:55
in the arts or the sciences.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
And -- perhaps naively --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์ง„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€,
01:59
I was surprised to find that there isn't even an area in the sciences
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”
02:02
that deals with this idea
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๊ณผํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
of global species longevity.
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๊ณผํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์› ์ฃ .
02:06
So what you're looking at here
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:08
is the rhizocarpon geographicum, or map lichen,
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'๋ฆฌ์กฐ์นดํฐ ์ง€์˜ค๊ทธ๋ผํ”ผํ ' ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ด๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
02:11
and this is around 3,000 years old
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๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ 3000๋…„ ์ •๋„์ด๊ณ 
02:13
and lives in Greenland,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ์„œ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
which is a long way to go for some lichens.
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์ด๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋จผ๊ธธ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:18
Visiting Greenland was more like
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋žœ๋“œ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
02:20
traveling back in time
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ถ์ชฝ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:22
than just traveling very far north.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
It was very primal and more remote
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๋งค์šฐ ์›์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜
02:26
than anything I'd ever experienced before.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋จผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:29
And this is heightened by a couple of particular experiences.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋•์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
One was when I had been dropped off by boat
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์™ธ๋”ด ํ”ผ์š”๋ฅด๋“œ ์ง€์—ญ์—
02:35
on a remote fjord,
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๊ฐ„ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:37
only to find that the archeologists I was supposed to meet
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
02:39
were nowhere to be found.
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
02:41
And it's not like you could send them a text or shoot them an e-mail,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:44
so I was literally left to my own devices.
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๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „ ์ œ ๋ง˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฌด์ž‘์ • ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
But luckily, it worked out obviously,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šด์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ •๋ง ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:50
but it was a humbling experience
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋œ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
02:52
to feel so disconnected.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•ด์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And then a few days later,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉฐ์น  ํ›„์—,
02:57
we had the opportunity to go fishing in a glacial stream
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์บ ํ”„ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์˜ ๋น™ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋…น์•„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ
02:59
near our campsite,
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๋‚š์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
where the fish were so abundant
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์•„์„œ,
03:04
that you could literally reach into the stream
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๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฌผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์†์„ ๋ป—์œผ๋ฉด
03:07
and grab out a foot-long trout with your bare hands.
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๋งจ์†์œผ๋กœ๋„ 1ํ”ผํŠธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์†ก์–ด๋ฅผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜€์ฃ .
03:10
It was like visiting
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์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†์—
03:12
a more innocent time on the planet.
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์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
And then, of course, there's the lichens.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
These lichens grow only one centimeter
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์ด๋ผ๋ฅ˜๋Š” 100๋…„๋™์•ˆ์—
03:19
every hundred years.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 1cm๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
I think that really puts human lifespans
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„
03:23
into a different perspective.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“์ฃ .
03:25
And what you're looking at here
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
03:27
is an aerial photo take over eastern Oregon.
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์˜ค๋ ˆ๊ณค์ฃผ ๋™๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
And if the title "Searching for Armillaria Death Rings,"
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์ œ๋ชฉ์ด '์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ง€, ์•„๋ฐ€๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
sounds ominous, it is.
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์ข€ ํ‰์น™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
The Armillaria is actually a predatory fungus,
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์•„๋ฐ€๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํฌ์‹์„ฑ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
killing certain species of trees in the forest.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด์ฃ .
03:41
It's also more benignly known
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์ด ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์€ '๊ฟ€๋ฒ„์„ฏ' ๋˜๋Š”
03:43
as the honey mushroom or the "humongous fungus"
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'๊ฑฐ๋Œ€๋ฒ„์„ฏ'์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
because it happens to be
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์ข…์€
03:48
one of the world's largest organisms as well.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
So with the help of some biologists studying the fungus,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:53
I got some maps and some GPS coordinates
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์ง€๋„์™€ ๋ช‡ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ์˜ GPS์ขŒํ‘œ์™€
03:56
and chartered a plane
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์ „์„ธ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ
03:58
and started looking for the death rings,
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์ด ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”
04:01
the circular patterns
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์›ํ˜•๋ฌด๋Šฌ, ์ฆ‰ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๋ง์„
04:03
in which the fungus kills the trees.
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์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
So I'm not sure if there are any in this photo,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์›ํ˜•ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:07
but I do know the fungus is down there.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
And then this back down on the ground
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์™€ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
04:11
and you can see that the fungus is actually invading this tree.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
So that white material that you see
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ป์งˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
04:16
in between the bark and the wood
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ํ•˜์–€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
04:18
is the mycelial felt of the fungus,
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๊ณฐํŒก์ด์˜ ๊ท ์‚ฌ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ญ‰์ณ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:21
and what it's doing -- it's actually
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€--
04:23
slowly strangling the tree to death
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„๊ณผ ์–‘๋ถ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ง‰์•„์„œ
04:25
by preventing the flow of water and nutrients.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์„ ์กฐ๋ฅด๋“ฏ์ด ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
So this strategy has served it pretty well --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ „๋žต์€ ๊ฝค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
it's 2,400 years old.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ 2400์‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And then from underground to underwater.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋•… ์†์— ์‚ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:36
This is a Brain Coral living in Tobago
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ† ๋ฐ”๊ณ  ์„ฌ์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
that's around 2,000 years old.
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์•ฝ 2000์‚ด ์ •๋„ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
And I had to overcome my fear of deep water to find this one.
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์ „ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ฒจ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
This is at about 60 feet
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์ด๊ฑด ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ ์•ฝ 60ํ”ผํŠธ,
04:45
or 18 meters, depth.
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์•ฝ 18๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
And you'll see, there's some damage to the surface of the coral.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
04:50
That was actually caused by a school of parrot fish
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์ด ๋‡Œ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ด๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๋Š˜๋” ๋–ผ๊ฐ€
04:53
that had started eating it,
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๋‚จ๊ธด ์ƒ์ฒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
though luckily, they lost interest before killing it.
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋‡Œ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋„ค์š”.
04:58
Luckily still, it seems to be out of harm's way
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๋” ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด๊ฑด, ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์œ ์ถœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:01
of the recent oil spill.
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ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
But that being said, we just as easily could have lost
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งํ•ด๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฑด, ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ
05:05
one of the oldest living things on the planet,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฉธ์ข… ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
and the full impact of that disaster
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ์•™์ด ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ฌ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์€
05:10
is still yet to be seen.
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์•„์ง๋„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋„์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:12
Now this is something that I think
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
05:14
is one of the most quietly resilient things on the planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—†์ด ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
This is clonal colony
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์ด๊ฑด ์œ ํƒ€์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
05:19
of Quaking Aspen trees, living in Utah,
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์‚ฌ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
that is literally 80,000 years old.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ 80,000๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:25
What looks like a forest
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆฒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:27
is actually only one tree.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Imagine that it's one giant root system
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:32
and each tree is a stem
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜์˜จ
05:34
coming up from that system.
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์ค„๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
So what you have is one giant,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:38
interconnected,
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์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”,
05:40
genetically identical individual
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ ์ „ํ˜•์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€
05:42
that's been living for 80,000 years.
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80,000๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:45
It also happens to be male
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ˆซ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
05:47
and, in theory immortal.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์ด๋ก ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜์›ํžˆ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:52
This is a clonal tree as well.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋„ ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:54
This is the spruce Gran Picea,
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์ „๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ณผ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž€ ํ”ผ์‹œ์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
which at 9,550 years
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9,550์‚ด๋œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ง€๋งŒ,
05:58
is a mere babe in the woods.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ์•„๊ธฐ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
The location of this tree
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋Š”
06:02
is actually kept secret for its own protection.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
I spoke to the biologist who discovered this tree,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์˜ ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
06:08
and he told me that that spindly growth you see there in the center
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๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:11
is most likely a product of climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
As it's gotten warmer on the top of the mountain,
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์‚ฐ ์ •์ƒ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:17
the vegetation zone is actually changing.
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์ดˆ๋ชฉ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
So we don't even necessarily have to have
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ ,
06:22
direct contact with these organisms
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๋งŒ์ผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
06:24
to have a very real impact on them.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
This is the Fortingall Yew --
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์ด๊ฑด ํฌํŒ…๊ฑธ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
no, I'm just kidding --
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๋†๋‹ด์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
06:33
this is the Fortingall Yew.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํฌํŒ…๊ฑธ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:37
But I put that slide in there
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์•„๊นŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋„ฃ์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:39
because I'm often asked if there are any animals in the project.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†๋ƒ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”..
06:42
And aside from coral,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”,
06:44
the answer is no.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Does anybody know how old the oldest tortoise is --
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๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜์‚ฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช‡ ์‚ด์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”?
06:49
any guesses?
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์ถ”์ธก์ด๋ผ๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
06:51
(Audience: 300.)
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(์ฒญ์ค‘: 300์‚ด์ด์š”)
06:53
Rachel Sussman: 300? No, 175
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RS : 300์‚ด์ด์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š” 175์‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
is the oldest living tortoise,
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์ƒ์กดํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด์ค‘์—๋Š” 175์‚ด์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์—์š”.
06:57
so nowhere near 2,000.
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2000์‚ด ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์ฃ .
07:00
And then, you might have heard
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๋ถ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ
07:02
of this giant clam that was discovered
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๋ชจ์‹œ์กฐ๊ฐœ ์–˜๊ธฐ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ์„ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
07:04
off the coast of northern Iceland
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ์‹œ์กฐ๊ฐœ๋„
07:06
that reached 405 years old.
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405์‚ด ๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
However, it died in the lab
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—
07:11
as they were determining its age.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์ฃ .
07:14
The most interesting discovery of late, I think
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€์š”
07:16
is the so-called immortal jellyfish,
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์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋กœ์žฅ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:19
which has actually been observed in the lab
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
07:21
to be able to be able to revert back to the polyp state
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ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋‹ค์Œ์—, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์˜
07:24
after reaching full maturity.
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ํด๋ฆฝ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
So that being said,
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
07:29
it's highly unlikely that any jellyfish would survive that long in the wild.
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ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
And back to the yew here.
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ํฌํŒ…๊ฑธ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
07:35
So as you can see, it's in a churchyard;
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ๊ตํšŒ ๊ณต๋™๋ฌ˜์ง€์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:37
it's in Scotland. It's behind a protective wall.
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๊ตฌ์š”. ๋‹ด์žฅ ๋’คํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
07:40
And there are actually a number or ancient yews
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตํšŒ ๋ฌ˜์ง€์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค
07:42
in churchyards around the U.K.,
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๋ช‡ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ ์”ฉ์€ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:44
but if you do the math, you'll remember
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์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
07:46
it's actually the yew trees that were there first, then the churches.
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๋จผ์ € ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
And now down to another part of the world.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
07:53
I had the opportunity to travel around the Limpopo Province in South Africa
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์ „ ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฐฅ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ฆผํฌํฌ ์ง€์—ญ์„
07:56
with an expert in Baobab trees.
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์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
And we saw a number of them,
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฐฅ ๋ช‡ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:00
and this is most likely the oldest.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
It's around 2,000,
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์•ฝ 2000์‚ด ์ •๋„ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”,
08:04
and it's called the Sagole Baobab.
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์„ธ๊ณจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฐฅ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
And you know, I think of all of these organisms
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์ „ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜
08:08
as palimpsests.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์„œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
They contain thousands of years
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€
08:12
of their own histories within themselves,
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์žฌํ•ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„
08:14
and they also contain records of natural and human events.
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชธ ์•ˆ์— ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:17
And the Baobabs in particular
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฐฅ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€
08:19
are a great example of this.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
You can see that this one
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
08:23
has names carved into its trunk,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋ชธํ†ต์— ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”,
08:25
but it also records some natural events.
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์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค๋„ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
So the Baobabs, as they get older,
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๋ญ๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฐ”์˜ค๋ฐฅ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
08:29
tend to get pulpy in their centers and hollow out.
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์† ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์œก์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์†์ด ๋น„๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
08:32
And this can create
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€
08:34
great natural shelters for animals,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์˜ ์€์‹ ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
08:36
but they've also been appropriated
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ผญ ์ข‹์€ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ๋งŒ
08:38
for some rather dubious human uses,
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
including a bar, a prison
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์ˆ ์ง‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:43
and even a toilet inside of a tree.
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๊ฐ์˜ฅ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์šฉ๋„๋กœ๋„ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:46
And this brings me to another favorite of mine --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”-
08:48
I think, because it is just so unusual.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:51
This plant is called the Welwitschia,
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์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ '์›ฐ์œ„์น˜์•„'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:53
and it lives only in parts of coastal Namibia and Angola,
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๋‚˜๋ฏธ๋น„์•„์™€ ์•™๊ณจ๋ผ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ๋งŒ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
08:56
where it's uniquely adapted
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ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:58
to collect moisture from mist coming off the sea.
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ ์‘ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
And what's more, it's actually a tree.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
It's a primitive conifer.
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์›์‹œ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์นจ์—ฝ์ˆ˜์ฃ .
09:06
You'll notice that it's bearing cones down the center.
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์ค‘์•™ ์•„๋ž˜๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์—ด๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
09:09
And what looks like two big heaps of leaves,
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ ๋”๋ฏธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
09:12
is actually two single leaves
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
that get shredded up
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๊ฑฐ์นœ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
09:16
by the harsh desert conditions over time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žŽ์ด ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:18
And it actually never sheds those leaves,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์žŽ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:21
so it also bears the distinction
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ์žŽ์„
09:23
of having the longest leaves
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๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„
09:25
in the plant kingdom.
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๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
I spoke to a biologist
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์ผ€์ดํ”„ํƒ€์šด์˜
09:29
at the Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden in Capetown
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์ปค์Šคํ…๋ณด์‰ฌ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์‹๋ฌผ์›์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์—๊ฒŒ
09:31
to ask him
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์ด ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด
09:33
where he thought this remarkable plant came from,
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์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:36
and his thought was that
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
09:38
if you travel around Namibia,
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๋‚˜๋ฏธ๋น„์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
09:40
you see that there are a number of petrified forests,
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์„ํ™”๋œ ์ˆฒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:42
and the logs are all --
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๊ทธ ์„ํ™”๋œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ --
09:45
the logs are all giant coniferous trees,
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์นจ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
09:48
and yet there's no sign of where they might have come from.
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๊ทธ ์นจ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์ง ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
So his thought was that
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
09:53
flooding in the north of Africa
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŒ๋…„์ „ ์ „์—
09:55
actually brought those coniferous trees down
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๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ™์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
09:58
tens of thousands of years ago,
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๊ทธ ์นจ์—ฝ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค ๋‚ด๋ ค์™”๊ณ ,
10:00
and what resulted was this remarkable adaptation
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—
10:03
to this unique desert environment.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
10:05
This is what I think is the most poetic of the oldest living things.
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:08
This is something called an underground forest.
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'์ง€ํ•˜ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
So, I spoke to a botanist at the Pretoria Botanical Garden,
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ํ”„๋ ˆํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹๋ฌผ์›์˜ ์‹๋ฌผํ•™์ž์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
10:14
who explained that certain species of trees
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์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด
10:17
have adapted to this region.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ ์‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:20
It's bushfelt region,
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์ด ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ €์ง€๋Œ€๋Š”
10:22
which is dry and prone to a lot of fires,
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ์žฆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
10:24
as so what these trees have done
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์ทจํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์€
10:27
is, if you can imagine that this is the crown of the tree,
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์œ—๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ณ 
10:29
and that this is ground level,
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋ฉด์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
10:31
imagine that the whole thing,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
10:33
that whole bulk of the tree,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€
10:35
migrated underground,
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๋•… ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:37
and you just have those leaves peeping up above the surface.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
That way, when a fire roars through,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ, ๋ถˆ๊ธธ์ด ํƒ€์˜ค๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„
10:42
it's the equivalent of getting your eyebrows singed.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์ž๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์น์„ ๊ทธ์Šค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋งŒ ์ž…๊ณ ,
10:45
The tree can easily recover.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
These also tend to grow clonally,
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์ด ์‹๋ฌผ๋„ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
10:50
the oldest of which is 13,000 years old.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 13000๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
Back in the U.S., there's a couple plants of similar age.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋„ ์ด ์ •๋„ ๋‚˜์ด์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
This is the clonal Creosote bush,
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋ ˆ์˜ค์†ŒํŠธ ๊ด€๋ชฉ ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
10:58
which is around 12,000 years old.
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์•ฝ 12000์‚ด ์ •๋„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
If you've been in the American West,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„œ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:02
you know the Creosote bush is pretty ubiquitous,
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ํฌ๋ ˆ์˜ค์†ŒํŠธ ๊ด€๋ชฉ์„ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
11:04
but that being said, you see that this has
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๋ณดํ†ต์€, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:06
this unique, circular form.
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๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
And what's happening is it's expanding slowly outwards
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ฒ˜์Œ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ
11:11
from that original shape.
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ํผ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ฃ .
11:14
And it's one -- again, that interconnected root system,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์„œ
11:17
making it one genetically identical individual.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ ์ „ํ˜•์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
It also has a friend nearby --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š”๋ฐ์š” --
11:23
well, I think they're friends.
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์„œ๋กœ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:25
This is the clonal Mojave yucca, it's about a mile away,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ 1๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ชจํ•˜๋น„ ์œ ์นด ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
11:28
and it's a little bit older than 12,000 years.
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12000์‚ด ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
And you see it has that similar circular form.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:33
And there's some younger clones
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์ข€ ๋” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ง€ํ‰์„  ๋’ค๋กœ
11:35
dotting the landscape behind it.
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๋„์—„๋„์—„ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:37
And both of these, the yucca and the Creosote bush,
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์ด ๋‘˜์€ ์œ ์นด ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ ˆ์˜ค์†ŒํŠธ ์‹๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
live on Bureau of Land Management land,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํ† ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ตญ ๊ด€ํ•  ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:43
and that's very different from being protected in a national park.
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๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ,
11:46
In fact, this land is designated
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ๊ณณ์€ ํœด์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
11:48
for recreational all-terrain vehicle use.
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์‚ฐ์•… ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
So, now I want to show what very well might be
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ, ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ
11:57
the oldest living thing on the planet.
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
This is Siberian Actinobacteria,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์•กํ‹ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„(๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ๊ท )์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
which is between 400,000
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์•ฝ 40๋งŒ๋…„์—์„œ
12:04
and 600,000 years old.
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60๋งŒ๋…„ ์ •๋„ ์‚ด์•˜์ฃ .
12:07
This bacteria was discovered several years ago
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์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ „์—
12:09
by a team of planetary biologists
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํŒ€์ด
12:11
hoping to find clues to life on other planets
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช… ์ง•ํ›„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:14
by looking at one of the harshest conditions on ours.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒ™๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
And what they found, by doing research into the permafrost,
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์˜๊ตฌ๋™ํ† ์ธต์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์— ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ
12:20
was this bacteria.
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:22
But what's unique about it is that
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ ์€
12:24
it's doing DNA repair below freezing.
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์˜ํ•˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ๋„ DNA ์ˆ˜๋ณต์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
And what that means is that it's not dormant --
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๋™๋ฉด์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
12:29
it's actually been living and growing
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ 50๋งŒ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
12:31
for half a million years.
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์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
It's also probably one the most vulnerable
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
12:37
of the oldest living things,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ผํ…๋ฐ์š”,
12:39
because if the permafrost melts,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์˜๊ตฌ๋™ํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋…น๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
12:41
it won't survive.
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์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
This is a map that I've put together of the oldest living things,
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
so you can get a sense of where they are; you see they're all over the world.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ํฉ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:48
The blue flags represent things that I've already photographed,
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์€ ๊ณณ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:51
and the reds are places that I'm still trying to get to.
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๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ๊ณณ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
You'll see also, there's a flag on Antarctica.
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๋‚จ๊ทน๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—๋„ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
12:57
I'm trying to travel there
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 5000๋…„๋œ ์ด๋ผ๋ฅผ
12:59
to find 5,000 year-old moss,
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์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
which lives on the Antarctic Peninsula.
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๋‚จ๊ทน ๋ฐ˜๋„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
13:05
So, I probably have about two more years left
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋„ ์•„๋งˆ ์•ฝ 2๋…„ ๋‚จ์ง“ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด
13:07
on this project --
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๋๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
on this phase of the project,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์†๋„๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:11
but after five years,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 5๋…„ ํ›„์—๋‚˜
13:13
I really feel like I know what's at the heart of this work.
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“œ๋„ค์š”.
13:16
The oldest living things in the world
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
13:18
are a record and celebration of our past,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด์ž ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
a call to action in the present
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์ด์ž,
13:24
and a barometer of our future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ƒ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
They've survived for millennia
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„์„ ์ƒ์กดํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
in desert, in the permafrost,
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ, ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ๋•…์—์„œ,
13:30
at the tops of mountains and at the bottom of the ocean.
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์‚ฐ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ์š”.
13:33
They've withstood
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜•์–ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ 
13:35
untold natural perils and human encroachments,
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์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
but now some of them are in jeopardy,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:40
and they can't just get up and get out of the way.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
It's my hope that, by going to find these organisms,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
13:45
that I can help draw attention
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์—
13:47
to their remarkable resilience
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๋•๊ณ ,
13:49
and help play a part in insuring
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
13:51
their continued longevity into the foreseeable future.
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์ž‘์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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