Stuart Brown: Play is more than fun

407,357 views ใƒป 2009-03-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyun Soo Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Dae-won Jeong
00:16
So, here we go: a flyby of play.
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์ž, ๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
00:20
It's got to be serious if the New York Times
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2์›” 17์ผ์ž ๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ ์ผ์š”์ผ ๋งค๊ฑฐ์ง„ ํ‘œ์ง€์—
00:24
puts a cover story of their February 17th Sunday magazine about play.
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๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ปค๋ฒ„ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ฆด ์ •๋„๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:30
At the bottom of this, it says, "It's deeper than gender.
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์•„๋ž˜ ์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, "์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
00:35
Seriously, but dangerously fun.
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์ง„์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:39
And a sandbox for new ideas about evolution."
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์ง„ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ƒ์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:44
Not bad, except if you look at that cover, what's missing?
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๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋น ์กŒ์ฃ ?
00:48
You see any adults?
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์–ด๋ฅธ์€ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์ฃ ?
00:51
Well, lets go back to the 15th century.
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15์„ธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:55
This is a courtyard in Europe,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋งˆ์„ ์•ž ๋งˆ๋‹น์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
00:58
and a mixture of 124 different kinds of play.
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124๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:02
All ages, solo play, body play, games, taunting.
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๋‚˜์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜ผ์ž ๋†€๊ธฐ, ๋ชธ ๋†€์ด, ๊ฒŒ์ž„, ๋†€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
And there it is. And I think this is a typical picture
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋งˆ์„ ์•ž ๋งˆ๋‹น์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„
01:13
of what it was like in a courtyard then.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
I think we may have lost something in our culture.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹จ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
So I'm gonna take you through
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:24
what I think is a remarkable sequence.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:28
North of Churchill, Manitoba, in October and November,
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10-11์›”๊ฒฝ์˜ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋งค๋‹ˆํ† ๋ฐ”์ฃผ ์ฒ˜์น ์‹œ์˜ ๋ถ์ชฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
there's no ice on Hudson Bay.
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ํ—ˆ๋“œ์Šจ ๋ฒ ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ง ์–ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ์š”.
01:33
And this polar bear that you see, this 1200-pound male,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์€ 1,200 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
he's wild and fairly hungry.
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์•ผ์ˆ˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฝค ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ ธ์ฃ .
01:40
And Norbert Rosing, a German photographer,
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๋…์ผ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ฐ€, ๋…ธ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋กœ์‹ฑ์€
01:43
is there on scene, making a series of photos of these huskies, who are tethered.
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์ €๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ํ—ˆ์Šคํ‚ค๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌถ์–ด๋†จ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:50
And from out of stage left comes this wild, male polar bear,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์™ผ์ชฝ ๊ตฌ์„์—์„œ ์•ผ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:54
with a predatory gaze.
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๋ญ๋ผ๋„ ์žก์•„๋จน์„ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋ˆˆ๋น›์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
01:57
Any of you who've been to Africa or had a junkyard dog come after you,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์…จ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ฒฌ์ด ์ซ“์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
02:02
there is a fixed kind of predatory gaze
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์žก์•„๋จน์„ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋ˆˆ๋น›์„ ๋ณด์ž๋งˆ์ž
02:05
that you know you're in trouble.
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ํฐ์ผ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„์‹ค๊ป๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
But on the other side of that predatory gaze
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ € ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๋ˆˆ๋น›์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์—๋Š”
02:09
is a female husky in a play bow, wagging her tail.
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์•”์ปท ํ—ˆ์Šคํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ๋†€์ด์— ๋น ์ ธ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
And something very unusual happens.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
That fixed behavior -- which is rigid and stereotyped
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์ƒํˆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ํ–‰๋™,
02:21
and ends up with a meal -- changes.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
And this polar bear
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์ด ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์€
02:27
stands over the husky,
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ํ—ˆ์Šคํ‚ค ์˜†์— ์„œ๋”๋‹ˆ
02:30
no claws extended, no fangs taking a look.
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๋ฐœํ†ฑ๋„ ์ด๋นจ๋„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:34
And they begin an incredible ballet.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
A play ballet.
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ์š”.
02:42
This is in nature: it overrides a carnivorous nature
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†€์ด๋Š” ์œก์‹ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ๋„,
02:46
and what otherwise would have been a short fight to the death.
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์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚ฌ์„ ์งง์€ ์‹ธ์›€๋„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
And if you'll begin to look closely at the husky that's bearing her throat to the polar bear,
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ์„ ๋‚ด๋งก๊ธด ํ—ˆ์Šคํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:56
and look a little more closely, they're in an altered state.
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๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‘˜์€ ์•„์ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
They're in a state of play.
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๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:03
And it's that state
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์ด ์ƒํƒœ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
03:06
that allows these two creatures to explore the possible.
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์ด ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
They are beginning to do something that neither would have done
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๋‘˜์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
without the play signals.
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๋†€์ด ์‹œ๊ทธ๋„์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์„œ์•ผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:17
And it is a marvelous example
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ
03:20
of how a differential in power
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๋ณธ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํž˜์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ
03:23
can be overridden by a process of nature that's within all of us.
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๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Now how did I get involved in this?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:30
John mentioned that I've done some work with murderers, and I have.
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์กด์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ „ ์‚ด์ธ๋ฒ”๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
The Texas Tower murderer opened my eyes,
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ํƒ€์›Œ ์‚ด์ธ๋ฒ”์ด ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
in retrospect, when we studied his tragic mass murder,
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๋Œ์ด์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ์ž์˜ ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ด์ธ ํ–‰๊ฐ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:41
to the importance of play,
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๋†€์ด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋œจ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
in that that individual, by deep study,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
03:46
was found to have severe play deprivation.
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์•„์ฃผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Charles Whitman was his name.
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์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์ฐฐ์Šค ํœ˜ํŠธ๋งจ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:50
And our committee, which consisted of a lot of hard scientists,
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๋งค์ •ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€
03:53
did feel at the end of that study
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:55
that the absence of play and a progressive suppression of developmentally normal play
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๋†€์ด์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ์™€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์–ต์••์ด
04:01
led him to be more vulnerable to the tragedy that he perpetrated.
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๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ทน์— ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
And that finding has stood the test of time --
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์ด๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜
04:10
unfortunately even into more recent times, at Virginia Tech.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ณต๋Œ€ ์ด๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And other studies of populations at risk
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„
04:17
sensitized me to the importance of play,
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๋†€์ด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
but I didn't really understand what it was.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:23
And it was many years in taking play histories of individuals
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋†€์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:28
before I really began to recognize that I didn't really have a full understanding of it.
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋†€์ด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์งง๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And I don't think any of us has a full understanding of it, by any means.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
But there are ways of looking at it
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:40
that I think can give you -- give us all a taxonomy, a way of thinking about it.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
And this image is, for humans, the beginning point of play.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
When that mother and infant lock eyes,
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์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ 
04:53
and the infant's old enough to have a social smile,
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์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ง“๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
04:56
what happens -- spontaneously -- is the eruption of joy on the part of the mother.
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์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ์ด ์ƒ˜์†Ÿ์•„์„œ ๋ง์„ ์Ÿ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
05:00
And she begins to babble and coo and smile, and so does the baby.
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์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์•„์ด๋„ ์˜น์•Œ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›ƒ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
If we've got them wired up with an electroencephalogram,
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์ด ๋‘˜์„ ๋‡Œ์ „๋„ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด๋†จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:08
the right brain of each of them becomes attuned,
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์šฐ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚จ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
so that the joyful emergence of this earliest of play scenes
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๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต
05:18
and the physiology of that is something we're beginning to get a handle on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ“ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
And I'd like you to think that every bit of more complex play
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์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋†€์ด๋Š”
05:27
builds on this base for us humans.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
And so now I'm going to take you through sort of a way of looking at play,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
but it's never just singularly one thing.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋”ฑ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
We're going to look at body play,
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๋ชธ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
05:42
which is a spontaneous desire to get ourselves out of gravity.
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์ค‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชธ์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์ธ ์š•๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:48
This is a mountain goat.
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์ด ์‚ฐ์–‘์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:50
If you're having a bad day, try this:
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์ผ์ง„์ด ์ข€ ์•ˆ์ข‹์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:52
jump up and down, wiggle around -- you're going to feel better.
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์œ„ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋›ฐ๊ณ , ๋ชธ๋„ ํ”๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ํ•œ๊ฒฐ ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
And you may feel like this character,
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์ด ์•„์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
who is also just doing it for its own sake.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
06:00
It doesn't have a particular purpose, and that's what's great about play.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†€์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
If its purpose is more important
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ํ–‰์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:06
than the act of doing it, it's probably not play.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
And there's a whole other type of play, which is object play.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ๋†€์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And this Japanese macaque has made a snowball,
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์ด ์ผ๋ณธ ์›์ˆญ์ด๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋„ค์š”.
06:16
and he or she's going to roll down a hill.
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์–ธ๋• ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
And -- they don't throw it at each other, but this is a fundamental part of being playful.
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๋ˆˆ์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”. ๋†€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
The human hand, in manipulation of objects,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†์€, ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
06:27
is the hand in search of a brain;
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์†์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
06:30
the brain is in search of a hand;
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋‹ˆ
06:32
and play is the medium by which those two are linked in the best way.
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๋†€์ด์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
JPL we heard this morning -- JPL is an incredible place.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— JPL(NASA์˜ ์ œํŠธ ์ถ”์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ , ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
They have located two consultants,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ ๋‘ ๋ช…์„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Frank Wilson and Nate Johnson,
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ํ”„๋žญํฌ ์œŒ์Šจ๊ณผ ๋„ค์ดํŠธ ์กด์Šจ.
06:49
who are -- Frank Wilson is a neurologist, Nate Johnson is a mechanic.
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ํ”„๋žญํฌ ์œŒ์Šจ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋„ค์ดํŠธ ์กด์Šจ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
He taught mechanics in a high school in Long Beach,
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๋กฑ๋น„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ณต์—…์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
06:56
and found that his students were no longer able to solve problems.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
And he tried to figure out why. And he came to the conclusion, quite on his own,
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜์ฃ . ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š”
07:05
that the students who could no longer solve problems, such as fixing cars,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€,
07:09
hadn't worked with their hands.
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์†์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Frank Wilson had written a book called "The Hand."
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ํ”„๋žญํฌ ์œŒ์Šจ์€ "์†"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
They got together -- JPL hired them.
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๋‘˜์ด ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๊ณ , JPL์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘˜์„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Now JPL, NASA and Boeing,
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์ด์ œ JPL, NASA, ๋ณด์ž‰์€
07:20
before they will hire a research and development problem solver --
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
07:23
even if they're summa cum laude from Harvard or Cal Tech --
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜ ์นผํ…์„ ์ˆ˜์„์œผ๋กœ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹คํ•ด๋„
07:27
if they haven't fixed cars, haven't done stuff with their hands early in life,
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ณ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ๋“  ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:30
played with their hands, they can't problem-solve as well.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ๋†€์•„๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
So play is practical, and it's very important.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†€์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ด๊ณ ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
Now one of the things about play is that it is born by curiosity and exploration. (Laughter)
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๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒƒ์€, ๋†€์ด๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํƒํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:43
But it has to be safe exploration.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํƒํ—˜์ด์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
07:46
This happens to be OK -- he's an anatomically interested little boy
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์ด๋ž˜๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ชธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:49
and that's his mom. Other situations wouldn't be quite so good.
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์—„๋งˆ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:53
But curiosity, exploration, are part of the play scene.
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํƒํ—˜์€ ๋†€์ด์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
If you want to belong, you need social play.
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์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
And social play is part of what we're about here today,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋†€์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
and is a byproduct of the play scene.
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๋†€์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
08:06
Rough and tumble play.
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๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€์ด.
08:08
These lionesses, seen from a distance, looked like they were fighting.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•”์ปท ์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
But if you look closely, they're kind of like the polar bear and husky:
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ๊ณผ ํ—ˆ์Šคํ‚ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
no claws, flat fur, soft eyes,
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๋ฐœํ†ฑ์€ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ํ„ธ๋„ ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ˆˆ๋น›๋„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ์ฃ .
08:18
open mouth with no fangs, balletic movements,
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์ด๋นจ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ž…์„ ๋ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ์™€๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
08:21
curvilinear movements -- all specific to play.
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๋‘ฅ๊ธ€๋‘ฅ๊ธ€ํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€์ด์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
And rough-and-tumble play is a great learning medium for all of us.
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๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€์ด๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ต์œก ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
Preschool kids, for example, should be allowed to dive, hit, whistle,
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์˜ˆ๋กœ, ์ทจํ•™ ์ „ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ๊ณ ,
08:32
scream, be chaotic, and develop through that a lot of emotional regulation
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ , ์ •์‹ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๊ตด๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:39
and a lot of the other social byproducts -- cognitive, emotional and physical --
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๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์›€, ์ฆ‰ ์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ์ •, ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„
08:44
that come as a part of rough and tumble play.
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๋ชธ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šต๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Spectator play, ritual play -- we're involved in some of that.
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๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋†€์ด, ์˜์‹ ๋†€์ด -- ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:51
Those of you who are from Boston know that this was the moment -- rare --
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์—์„œ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฃ .
08:55
where the Red Sox won the World Series.
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๋ ˆ๋“œ์‚ญ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์œŒ๋“œ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒผ์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
08:59
But take a look at the face and the body language of everybody
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ ๋ชธ์ง“์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:02
in this fuzzy picture, and you can get a sense that they're all at play.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ๋†€์ด์— ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Imaginative play.
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์ƒ์ƒ ๋†€์ด.
09:07
I love this picture because my daughter, who's now almost 40, is in this picture,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋งˆํ”์ด ๋‹ค ๋œ ๋”ธ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
09:12
but it reminds me of her storytelling and her imagination,
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์ œ ๋”ธ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
her ability to spin yarns at this age -- preschool.
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์œ ์น˜์› ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์„ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ’€์—ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
A really important part of being a player
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๋…ธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:24
is imaginative solo play.
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ํ˜ผ์žํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋†€์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
And I love this one, because it's also what we're about.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:31
We all have an internal narrative that's our own inner story.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ฆ‰ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์  ํ•ด์„ค๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
The unit of intelligibility of most of our brains is the story.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ง€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
I'm telling you a story today about play.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋†€์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:43
Well, this bushman, I think, is talking about the fish that got away that was that long,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ด๋งŒํผ ํฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์นœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:48
but it's a fundamental part of the play scene.
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๋†€์ด์— ์žˆ์–ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
So what does play do for the brain?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋†€์ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‡Œ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:55
Well, a lot.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
We don't know a whole lot about what it does for the human brain,
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
because funding has not been exactly heavy for research on play.
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๋†€์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›๊ธˆ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:09
I walked into the Carnegie asking for a grant.
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์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋‹จ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ข€ ํ›„์›ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:11
They'd given me a large grant when I was an academician
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์Œ์ฃผ์šด์ „ ๋ฒ”๊ณผ์ž๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:14
for the study of felony drunken drivers, and I thought I had a pretty good track record,
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ํฐ ํ›„์›๊ธˆ์„ ์คฌ์œผ๋‹ˆ ํ›„์› ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:19
and by the time I had spent half an hour talking about play,
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ํ•œ ์‚ผ์‹ญ๋ถ„์„ ๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:24
it was obvious that they were not -- did not feel that play was serious.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ณด์ด๋”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
I think that -- that's a few years back -- I think that wave is past,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์˜ ์ผ์ด๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ 
10:32
and the play wave is cresting,
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๋†€์ด ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ •์ ์„ ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
because there is some good science.
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์œ ์ตํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:36
Nothing lights up the brain like play.
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๋‡Œ์— ๋ฒˆ์ฉ๋ฒˆ์ฉ ๋ถˆ์„ ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋†€์ด๋งŒํผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Three-dimensional play fires up the cerebellum,
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์‚ผ์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ๋†€์ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋‡Œ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
10:42
puts a lot of impulses into the frontal lobe --
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์ „๋‘์—ฝ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ค˜์„œ --
10:45
the executive portion -- helps contextual memory be developed,
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์‹คํ–‰์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ฃ  -- ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋•๊ณ ,
10:49
and -- and, and, and.
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์ด๋Š” ๋˜, ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋˜, ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
So it's -- for me, its been an extremely nourishing scholarly adventure
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํƒ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
to look at the neuroscience that's associated with play, and to bring together people
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๋†€์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‡Œ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ,
11:02
who in their individual disciplines hadn't really thought of it that way.
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„๋†“์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
11:07
And that's part of what the National Institute for Play is all about.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด National Institute of Play์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ทจ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
And this is one of the ways you can study play --
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๋†€์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
is to get a 256-lead electroencephalogram.
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256๊ทน ๋‡Œ์ „๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:16
I'm sorry I don't have a playful-looking subject, but it allows mobility,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์›€์ง์—ฌ์„œ
11:21
which has limited the actual study of play.
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๋†€์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:23
And we've got a mother-infant play scenario
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์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋†€์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„
11:27
that we're hoping to complete underway at the moment.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
The reason I put this here is also to queue up
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
11:33
my thoughts about objectifying what play does.
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๋†€์ด์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
The animal world has objectified it.
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
In the animal world, if you take rats,
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ, ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
who are hardwired to play at a certain period of their juvenile years
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ฅ๋“ค์€ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†€์ด์— ๋น ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
and you suppress play -- they squeak, they wrestle,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ชป ๋†€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”, ์ฆ‰, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:53
they pin each other, that's part of their play.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ •์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
11:56
If you stop that behavior on one group that you're experimenting with,
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์‹คํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ฅ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:01
and you allow it in another group that you're experimenting with,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฅ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
and then you present those rats
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋’ค, ์–‘์ชฝ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฅ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:06
with a cat odor-saturated collar,
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตด๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ฃผ๋ฉด
12:09
they're hardwired to flee and hide.
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๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ง๊ฐ€์„œ ์ˆจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:12
Pretty smart -- they don't want to get killed by a cat.
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ฅ๋“ค์ด์ฃ . ๊ณ ์–‘์ดํ•œํ…Œ ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
So what happens?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
12:17
They both hide out.
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๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฅ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ชธ์„ ์ˆจ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
The non-players never come out --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•ˆ ๋†€์•„๋ณธ ์ฅ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
12:23
they die.
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์ˆจ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
The players slowly explore the environment,
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๋†€์•„๋ณธ ์ฅ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:28
and begin again to test things out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
That says to me, at least in rats --
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์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฅ๋“ค์€
12:34
and I think they have the same neurotransmitters that we do
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ 
12:37
and a similar cortical architecture --
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‡Œ ํ”ผ์งˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ธฐ์—
12:39
that play may be pretty important for our survival.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์กด์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
And, and, and -- there are a lot more animal studies that I could talk about.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋™๋ฌผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ๋์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
Now, this is a consequence of play deprivation. (Laughter)
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๋†€์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
This took a long time --
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฝค ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
12:53
I had to get Homer down and put him through the fMRI and the SPECT
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ํ˜ธ๋จธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆ•ํ˜€์„œ fMRI์™€ SPECT ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:58
and multiple EEGs, but as a couch potato, his brain has shrunk.
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๋˜ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ EEG๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. TV ์ค‘๋…์ž๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธ๋จธ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ชผ๊ทธ๋ผ๋“ค์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋„ค์š”.
13:02
And we do know that in domestic animals
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์ง‘์—์„œ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ
13:05
and others, when they're play deprived,
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๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด, ์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ฉด,
13:07
they don't -- and rats also -- they don't develop a brain that is normal.
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์ฅ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋“ค๋„ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Now, the program says that the opposite of play is not work,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋†€์ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ง์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
it's depression.
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ด์ฃ .
13:19
And I think if you think about life without play --
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๋†€์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”,
13:23
no humor, no flirtation, no movies,
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์œ ๋จธ๋„, ๋ถˆ์žฅ๋‚œ๋„, ์˜ํ™”๋„
13:26
no games, no fantasy and, and, and.
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๊ฒŒ์ž„๋„, ํ™˜์ƒ๋„, ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค ์—†๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์ด์š”.
13:31
Try and imagine a culture or a life, adult or otherwise
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๋ฌธํ™”๋‚˜ ์ธ์ƒ, ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“ ,
13:36
without play.
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๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:38
And the thing that's so unique about our species
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํŠน์ง• ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
13:41
is that we're really designed to play through our whole lifetime.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํ‰์ƒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋†€๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
And we all have capacity to play signal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†€์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
Nobody misses that dog I took a picture of on a Carmel beach a couple of weeks ago.
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ์ „, ์นด๋ฉœ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ?
13:54
What's going to follow from that behavior
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค ์ด์–ด์งˆ ํ–‰๋™์€
13:57
is play.
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๋†€์ด๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
And you can trust it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:59
The basis of human trust is established through play signals.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์€ ๋†€์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Œ“์—ฌ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
And we begin to lose those signals, culturally and otherwise, as adults.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๊ฑด ์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:08
That's a shame.
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์ฐธ ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
I think we've got a lot of learning to do.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ง ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
Now, Jane Goodall has here a play face along with one of her favorite chimps.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋‹ฌ ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋‚œ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
14:17
So part of the signaling system of play
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๋†€์ด์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
14:20
has to do with vocal, facial, body, gestural.
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๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ, ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ชธ์ง“์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
You know, you can tell -- and I think when we're getting into collective play,
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๋‹จ์ฒด ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
14:29
its really important for groups to gain a sense of safety
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์†ํ•œ ์ธ์›๋“ค ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ •๊ฐ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
through their own sharing of play signals.
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์ด๋Š” ๋†€์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
14:37
You may not know this word,
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
but it should be your biological first name and last name.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ๋งˆ๋•…ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
Because neoteny means the retention of immature qualities into adulthood.
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์œ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ˆ™์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ๋˜์„œ๋„ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•จ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
And we are, by physical anthropologists,
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์ƒ์ฒด ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด
14:51
by many, many studies, the most neotenous,
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๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:54
the most youthful, the most flexible, the most plastic of all creatures.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์•„์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
And therefore, the most playful.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ฃ .
15:02
And this gives us a leg up on adaptability.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œตํ†ต์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
Now, there is a way of looking at play
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๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
that I also want to emphasize here,
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ผญ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:12
which is the play history.
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๋†€์ด์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
Your own personal play history is unique,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋†€์ด์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ผ๋ฌด์ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
15:18
and often is not something we think about particularly.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
This is a book written by a consummate player
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์“ด ์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
by the name of Kevin Carroll.
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์ผ€๋นˆ ์บ๋กค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
15:27
Kevin Carroll came from extremely deprived circumstances:
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์ผ€๋นˆ ์บ๋กค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ทน์•…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
alcoholic mother, absent father, inner-city Philadelphia,
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์•Œ์ฝœ์ค‘๋… ์—„๋งˆ, ์ง‘ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์•„๋น , ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ ์š”.
15:36
black, had to take care of a younger brother.
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ํ‘์ธ์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ๋ด์•ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
Found that when he looked at a playground
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๋†€์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
out of a window into which he had been confined,
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๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ฐฝ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
15:45
he felt something different.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:47
And so he followed up on it.
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๊ทธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
And his life -- the transformation of his life
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
from deprivation and what one would expect -- potentially prison or death --
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ํ”ผํํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์—ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์Œํ–‰์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:58
he become a linguist, a trainer for the 76ers and now is a motivational speaker.
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์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ 76ers(NBA ํŒ€)๋ฅผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ธ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
And he gives play as a transformative force
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋†€์ด์—๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ํž˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
over his entire life.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
16:12
Now there's another play history that I think is a work in progress.
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์•„์ง๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋†€์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
Those of you who remember Al Gore,
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์•Œ ๊ณ ์–ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ?
16:22
during the first term and then during his successful
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์ฒซ ์ž„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์กŒ๋˜
16:27
but unelected run for the presidency,
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€
16:30
may remember him as being kind of wooden and not entirely his own person,
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๋ชฉ์„๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
at least in public.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์•ž์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
16:37
And looking at his history, which is common in the press,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์–ธ๋ก ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„์š”.
16:41
it seems to me, at least -- looking at it from a shrink's point of view --
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:47
that a lot of his life was programmed.
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์•Œ ๊ณ ์–ด์”จ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
Summers were hard, hard work, in the heat of Tennessee summers.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—” ๊ณ ๋œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ํ…Œ๋„ค์‹œ์˜ ๋ฌด๋”์šด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋•ก๋ณ•์—์„œ์š”.
16:58
He had the expectations of his senatorial father and Washington, D.C.
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์ƒ์›์˜์›์ด์…จ๋˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ์ •๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ชธ์— ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ ์š”.
17:04
And although I think he certainly had the capacity for play --
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๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถ„๋ช… ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
17:07
because I do know something about that --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
he wasn't as empowered, I think, as he now is
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
17:13
by paying attention to what is his own passion
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๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์—ด์ •์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
17:17
and his own inner drive,
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๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•  ์—ฌ๋ ฅ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
which I think has its basis in all of us in our play history.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋†€์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
So what I would encourage on an individual level to do,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ถŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:28
is to explore backwards as far as you can go
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์œผ๋กœ์š”.
17:32
to the most clear, joyful, playful image that you have,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
17:37
whether it's with a toy, on a birthday or on a vacation.
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์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์ด๋“ , ์ƒ์ผ์ด๋“ , ์—ฌํ–‰์ด์—ˆ๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
17:40
And begin to build to build from the emotion of that
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
into how that connects with your life now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
17:46
And you'll find, you may change jobs --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ง์—…์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:49
which has happened to a number people when I've had them do this --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹ดํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
in order to be more empowered through their play.
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๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
17:55
Or you'll be able to enrich your life by prioritizing it
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์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํ’๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
and paying attention to it.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
18:01
Most of us work with groups, and I put this up because
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๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
18:04
the d.school, the design school at Stanford,
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์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™, d.school ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
thanks to David Kelley and a lot of others
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์ผˆ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ
18:10
who have been visionary about its establishment,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ˜„๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ,
18:13
has allowed a group of us to get together
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์ €ํฌ๋“ค ๋ช‡๋ช‡์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ
18:15
and create a course called "From Play to Innovation."
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"๋†€์ด์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ๊นŒ์ง€"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:19
And you'll see this course is to investigate
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
18:22
the human state of play, which is kind of like the polar bear-husky state
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๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ๊ณผ ํ—ˆ์Šคํ‚ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ, ๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€
18:26
and its importance to creative thinking:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
"to explore play behavior, its development and its biological basis;
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๋†€์ด ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ฒด์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
18:31
to apply those principles, through design thinking,
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์˜ ์›์น™๋“ค์„ ๋””์ž์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
18:34
to promote innovation in the corporate world;
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๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์— ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
and the students will work with real-world partners
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
18:39
on design projects with widespread application."
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
This is our maiden voyage in this.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:44
We're about two and a half, three months into it, and it's really been fun.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ˜, ์„ธ ๋‹ฌ ์ •๋„ ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งŽ์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
There is our star pupil, this labrador,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ์ธ, ๋ž˜๋ธŒ๋ผ๋„ ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋Š”
18:51
who taught a lot of us what a state of play is,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋†€์ด์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
and an extremely aged and decrepit professor in charge there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธ‹ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ฅœ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋งก๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:59
And Brendan Boyle, Rich Crandall -- and on the far right is, I think, a person who
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๋ธŒ๋žœ๋˜ ๋ณด์ผ, ๋ฆฌ์น˜ ํฌ๋žœ๋œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งจ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„์ด
19:04
will be in cahoots with George Smoot for a Nobel Prize -- Stuart Thompson,
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์กฐ์ง€ ์Šค๋ฌดํŠธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์Šคํˆฌ์–ดํŠธ ํ†ฐ์Šจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
in neuroscience.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜€์ฃ .
19:10
So we've had Brendan, who's from IDEO,
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๋ธŒ๋žœ๋˜ ๋ณด์ผ์€ IDEO์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
19:12
and the rest of us sitting aside and watching these students
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์•‰์•„์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
as they put play principles into practice in the classroom.
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๋†€์ด ์›์น™๋“ค์„ ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌํ˜„์„ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„์š”.
19:22
And one of their projects was to
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
19:26
see what makes meetings boring,
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์—…๋ฌด ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
19:29
and to try and do something about it.
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๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์•ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
So what will follow is a student-made film
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๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์˜์ƒ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:36
about just that.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
Narrator: Flow is the mental state of apparition
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ํ•ด์„ค: ์ด ํ๋ฆ„์€ ์ •์‹ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
19:43
in which the person is fully immersed in what he or she is doing.
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๊ทธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
Characterized by a feeling of energized focus,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ๊ณผ
19:49
full involvement and success in the process of the activity.
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๊ทธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŠน์ง•ํ™” ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:56
An important key insight that we learned about meetings
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํŒ…์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ ์€
19:59
is that people pack them in one after another,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์–ด ์„œ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ,
20:02
disruptive to the day.
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์ผ๊ณผ์— ์ง€์žฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:04
Attendees at meetings don't know when they'll get back to the task
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๋ฏธํŒ…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ฑ…์ƒ ์œ„์— ๋‘๊ณ ์˜จ
20:07
that they left at their desk.
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์—…๋ฌด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:09
But it doesn't have to be that way.
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๊ผญ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:12
(Music)
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(๋…ธ๋ž˜)
21:05
Some sage and repeatedly furry monks
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ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋„์Šน๋“ค์ด
21:08
at this place called the d.school
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d.school์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ
21:10
designed a meeting that you can literally step out of when it's over.
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์ •๋ง ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:15
Take the meeting off, and have peace of mind that you can come back to me.
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๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ๊ด€๋‘๊ณ , ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
21:20
Because when you need it again,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ,
21:22
the meeting is literally hanging in your closet.
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๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฏธํŒ…์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์˜ท์žฅ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:28
The Wearable Meeting.
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์ž…์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธํŒ…์ด์ฃ .
21:30
Because when you put it on, you immediately get everything you need
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž…์œผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
21:34
to have a fun and productive and useful meeting.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ์ฐฌ ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:37
But when you take it off --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฒ—์œผ๋ฉด ...
21:40
that's when the real action happens.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:42
(Music)
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(๋…ธ๋ž˜)
21:48
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
21:51
Stuart Brown: So I would encourage you all
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:57
to engage
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
21:59
not in the work-play differential --
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์ผ๊ณผ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ฆ‰
22:02
where you set aside time to play --
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๋…ธ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋†“์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ 
22:05
but where your life becomes infused
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์ƒํ™œ ์ž์ฒด์—์„œ
22:08
minute by minute, hour by hour,
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๋งค ๋ถ„, ๋งค ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
22:12
with body,
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๋ชธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ,
22:14
object,
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ
22:16
social, fantasy, transformational kinds of play.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋†€์ด, ํ™˜์ƒ ๋†€์ด, ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋†€์ด ๋“ค์— ๋น ์ ธ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
22:21
And I think you'll have a better and more empowered life.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ํ’์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ๋ ฅ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:25
Thank You.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
22:34
John Hockenberry: So it sounds to me like what you're saying is that
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์กด ํ˜ธ์ผ„๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ: ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑด,
22:37
there may be some temptation on the part of people to look at your work
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
22:41
and go --
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๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
22:43
I think I've heard this, in my kind of pop psychological understanding of play,
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ์š”, ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
22:48
that somehow,
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์–ด์งธ์„œ์ธ์ง€
22:50
the way animals and humans deal with play,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ์€,
22:53
is that it's some sort of rehearsal for adult activity.
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์–ด๋ฅธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฆฌํ—ˆ์„ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:56
Your work seems to suggest that that is powerfully wrong.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ € ๋ง์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:59
SB: Yeah, I don't think that's accurate,
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SB: ๋งž์•„์š”, ์ €๊ฑด ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ,
23:02
and I think probably because animals have taught us that.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
23:05
If you stop a cat from playing --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด --
23:09
which you can do, and we've all seen how cats bat around stuff --
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜์•ผ ์žˆ์ฃ , ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€ --
23:13
they're just as good predators as they would be if they hadn't played.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋†€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ •๋ง ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ํฌ์‹์ž ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:18
And if you imagine a kid
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด,
23:20
pretending to be King Kong,
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ํ‚น์ฝฉ ํ‰๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
23:23
or a race car driver, or a fireman,
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๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋‚˜, ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์„ ํ‰๋‚ด ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€,
23:26
they don't all become race car drivers or firemen, you know.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:30
So there's a disconnect between preparation for the future --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„์™€๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์—†์ด --
23:35
which is what most people are comfortable in thinking about play as --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋†€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์„ธ์ฃ  --
23:38
and thinking of it as a separate biological entity.
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋…๋ฆฝ์ฒด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:42
And this is where my chasing animals for four, five years
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ 4,5๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์„œ
23:47
really changed my perspective from a clinician to what I am now,
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ž„์ƒํ•™์ž์—์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ,
23:52
which is that play has a biological place,
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๋†€์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
23:56
just like sleep and dreams do.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž ๊ณผ ๊ฟˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:59
And if you look at sleep and dreams biologically,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž ๊ณผ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
24:04
animals sleep and dream,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ณ  ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ,
24:06
and they rehearse and they do some other things that help memory
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฆฌํ—ˆ์„ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
24:09
and that are a very important part of sleep and dreams.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž ๊ณผ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:12
The next step of evolution in mammals and
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ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์™€
24:15
creatures with divinely superfluous neurons
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋Š”
24:19
will be to play.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:22
And the fact that the polar bear and husky or magpie and a bear
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๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ๊ณผ ํ—ˆ์Šคํ‚ค์™€ ๊นŒ์น˜์™€ ๊ณฐ ๋˜๋Š”
24:25
or you and I and our dogs can crossover and have that experience
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ €์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
24:31
sets play aside as something separate.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:34
And its hugely important in learning and crafting the brain.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:38
So it's not just something you do in your spare time.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚จ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:41
JH: How do you keep -- and I know you're part of the scientific research community,
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JH: ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ -- ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์›์ด์‹ ๊ฑฐ ์•„๋Š”๋ฐ,
24:44
and you have to justify your existence with grants and proposals like everyone else --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋Š”๋ฐ --
24:49
how do you prevent --
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  --
24:51
and some of the data that you've produced, the good science that you're talking about you've produced, is hot to handle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์‹  ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€, ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ์ข‹์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ด, ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์š”.
24:57
How do you prevent either the media's interpretation of your work
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜
25:01
or the scientific community's interpretation of the implications of your work,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„์š”.
25:07
kind of like the Mozart metaphor,
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Mozart์˜ ์€์œ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
25:10
where, "Oh, MRIs show
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๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,"์˜ค, MRI๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฑด...
25:13
that play enhances your intelligence.
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๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:16
Well, let's round these kids up, put them in pens
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์Œ, ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ, ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
25:18
and make them play for months at a time; they'll all be geniuses and go to Harvard."
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์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์ด ๋†€๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฒœ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
25:22
How do you prevent people from taking that sort of action
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„
25:25
on the data that you're developing?
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์ด์‹  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
25:27
SB: Well, I think the only way I know to do it
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SB: ์Œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
25:30
is to have accumulated the advisers that I have
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์‹œ์ผœ:
25:33
who go from practitioners --
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ์„œ--
25:35
who can establish through improvisational play or clowning or whatever --
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์ฆ‰ํฅ์  ์—ฐ๊ทน์ด๋‚˜ ์‚์—๋กœ ๋†€์ด๋“  ๋ญ๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ --
25:39
a state of play.
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์—ฐ๊ทนํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:41
So people know that it's there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
25:43
And then you get an fMRI specialist, and you get Frank Wilson,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ fMRI ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ”„๋žญํฌ ์œŒ์Šจ์„ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ ,
25:47
and you get other kinds of hard scientists, including neuroendocrinologists.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
25:52
And you get them into a group together focused on play,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ทน์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฉด,
25:58
and it's pretty hard not to take it seriously.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:02
Unfortunately, that hasn't been done sufficiently
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š”
26:05
for the National Science Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health
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๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณผํ•™์žฌ๋‹จ, ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์ •์‹ ํ•™ํšŒ
26:08
or anybody else to really look at it in this way seriously.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ์ •๋ง์ด์—์š”.
26:11
I mean you don't hear about anything that's like cancer or heart disease
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์•”์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„
26:17
associated with play.
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๋†€์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:19
And yet I see it as something that's just as basic for survival -- long term --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ƒ์กด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  -- ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ์š”--
26:24
as learning some of the basic things about public health.
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:28
JH: Stuart Brown, thank you very much.
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JH: ์ŠคํŠœ์–ดํŠธ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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