Anne Curzan: What makes a word "real"?

242,053 views ใƒป 2014-06-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: jonghyeok lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gemma Lee
00:12
I need to start by telling you a little bit
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์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:15
about my social life,
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ๋ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
00:16
which I know may not seem relevant,
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์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
00:19
but it is.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
When people meet me at parties
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ
00:23
and they find out that I'm an English professor
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ „๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”
00:25
who specializes in language,
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์˜์–ด๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
00:27
they generally have one of two reactions.
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
One set of people look frightened. (Laughter)
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
They often say something like,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:37
"Oh, I'd better be careful what I say.
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"์˜ค, ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ข‹๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
00:41
I'm sure you'll hear every mistake I make."
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์ œ ๋ง์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๋“ค์œผ์‹คํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”."
00:44
And then they stop talking. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
00:48
And they wait for me to go away
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
00:50
and talk to someone else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์š”.
00:53
The other set of people,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
00:55
their eyes light up,
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๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ฒˆ์ฉ ๋œจ๊ณ 
00:57
and they say,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
00:58
"You are just the person I want to talk to."
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"๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”."
01:03
And then they tell me about whatever it is
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์˜์–ด์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ ์ด
01:05
they think is going wrong with the English language.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:10
A couple of weeks ago, I was at a dinner party
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๋ช‡์ฃผ์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:12
and the man to my right
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์ œ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€
01:15
started telling me about all the ways
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด์˜ ํ’ˆ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ท„๋Š”์ง€
01:17
that the Internet is degrading the English language.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
He brought up Facebook, and he said,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋”๋‹ˆ
01:23
"To defriend? I mean, is that even a real word?"
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"์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š๊ธฐ? ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
01:29
I want to pause on that question:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ๊น ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
01:33
What makes a word real?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์งœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:36
My dinner companion and I both know
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์ €์™€ ์ €๋…์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ „ ๋ชจ๋‘
01:38
what the verb "defriend" means,
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๋™์‚ฌ "์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š๊ธฐ"์˜ ๋œป์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:42
so when does a new word like "defriend"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด "์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š๊ธฐ"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
01:44
become real?
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์–ธ์ œ ์ง„์งœ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
01:46
Who has the authority to make those kinds
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
01:49
of official decisions about words, anyway?
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
01:52
Those are the questions I want to talk about today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
I think most people, when they say a word isn't real,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
02:00
what they mean is, it doesn't appear
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
02:02
in a standard dictionary.
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ํ‘œ์ค€์‚ฌ์ „์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
That, of course, raises a host of other questions,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
including, who writes dictionaries?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
02:11
Before I go any further,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
02:13
let me clarify my role in all of this.
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์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•ด๋‘˜๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:15
I do not write dictionaries.
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์ „ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
I do, however, collect new words
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:20
much the way dictionary editors do,
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์‚ฌ์ „ ํŽธ์ง‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜์š”.
02:23
and the great thing about being a historian
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ
02:25
of the English language
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์ข‹์€ ์  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
02:26
is that I get to call this "research."
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์—ฐ๊ตฌ"๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:30
When I teach the history of the English language,
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์˜์–ด์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๋•Œ
02:32
I require that students teach me
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์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
02:35
two new slang words before I will begin class.
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์€์–ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Over the years, I have learned
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ
02:41
some great new slang this way,
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์€์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
including "hangry," which --
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"ํ™”๊ณ ํŒŒ(hangry)" ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
(Applause) โ€”
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:52
which is when you are cranky or angry
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๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒŒ์„œ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:54
because you are hungry,
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ํ™”๋‚  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:58
and "adorkable,"
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"๋ฐ”๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด(adorkable)"
03:03
which is when you are adorable
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๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ๋•Œ
03:05
in kind of a dorky way,
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์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:08
clearly, terrific words that fill
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
03:11
important gaps in the English language.
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
03:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:18
But how real are they
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์€์–ด๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
03:21
if we use them primarily as slang
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์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:23
and they don't yet appear in a dictionary?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง„์งœ์ธ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:27
With that, let's turn to dictionaries.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:30
I'm going to do this as a show of hands:
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์†๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
03:32
How many of you still regularly
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๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„?
03:34
refer to a dictionary, either print or online?
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์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์–ด์š”.
03:39
Okay, so that looks like most of you.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์ด ๋“œ์…จ๋„ค์š”.
03:41
Now, a second question. Again, a show of hands:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์†๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
03:44
How many of you have ever looked to see
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์„
03:47
who edited the dictionary you are using?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:54
Okay, many fewer.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์–ด์กŒ๊ตฐ์š”.
03:57
At some level, we know that there are human hands
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์†์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
04:01
behind dictionaries,
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์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
but we're really not sure who those hands belong to.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ์†์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
I'm actually fascinated by this.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ „ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Even the most critical people out there
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ
04:12
tend not to be very critical about dictionaries,
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์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
04:14
not distinguishing among them
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๊ตฌ๋ณ„์„ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
04:16
and not asking a whole lot of questions
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํŽธ์ง‘์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
04:18
about who edited them.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์š”.
04:20
Just think about the phrase
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"์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
04:22
"Look it up in the dictionary,"
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:24
which suggests that all dictionaries
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ „์ด
04:26
are exactly the same.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Consider the library here on campus,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š”
04:30
where you go into the reading room,
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ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:32
and there is a large, unabridged dictionary
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ์˜ ์ „๋‹น ์„ ๋ฐ˜์œ„์—
04:35
up on a pedestal in this place of honor and respect
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋”
04:39
lying open so we can go stand before it
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ํŽผ์ณ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ ์›๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ
04:41
to get answers.
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์‚ฌ์ „์ด ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Now, don't get me wrong,
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์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
04:46
dictionaries are fantastic resources,
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์‚ฌ์ „์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ž์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
but they are human
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:50
and they are not timeless.
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์˜์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
I'm struck as a teacher
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์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธ€๊ณผ
04:55
that we tell students to critically question
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ
04:58
every text they read, every website they visit,
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๋น„ํ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ 
05:01
except dictionaries,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ์„œ
05:03
which we tend to treat as un-authored,
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
as if they came from nowhere to give us answers
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ €์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ 
05:09
about what words really mean.
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๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋œป์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Here's the thing: If you ask dictionary editors,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌ์ „ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
05:17
what they'll tell you
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
is they're just trying to keep up with us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
05:20
as we change the language.
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๋งž์ถฐ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
05:22
They're watching what we say and what we write
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€
05:24
and trying to figure out what's going to stick
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚จ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น ์งˆ์ง€
05:27
and what's not going to stick.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
They have to gamble,
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๋„๋ฐ•์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
because they want to appear cutting edge
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ์‹ ์„ ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:32
and catch the words that are going to make it,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
such as LOL,
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LOL(ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด ์›ƒ๋‹ค) ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์š”.
05:37
but they don't want to appear faddish
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์‹œ์  ์œ ํ–‰์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:39
and include the words that aren't going to make it,
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์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
and I think a word that they're watching right now
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
05:43
is YOLO, you only live once.
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YOLO, you only live once (ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋ฟ์ธ ์ธ์ƒ)
05:49
Now I get to hang out with dictionary editors,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
and you might be surprised
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€
05:53
by one of the places where we hang out.
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๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
Every January, we go
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๋งค๋…„ 1์›”์— ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
05:57
to the American Dialect Society annual meeting,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฉ์–ธ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ์ž„์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
where among other things,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:02
we vote on the word of the year.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
There are about 200 or 300 people who come,
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๋ณดํ†ต 200๋ช…์—์„œ 300๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ
06:08
some of the best known linguists in the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
To give you a sense of the flavor of the meeting,
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๋ชจ์ž„์˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
06:13
it occurs right before happy hour.
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์‹์‚ฌ ํ• ์ธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „์— ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Anyone who comes can vote.
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์˜ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:18
The most important rule is
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์€
06:19
that you can vote with only one hand.
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋งŒ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:23
In the past, some of the winners have been
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์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
06:26
"tweet" in 2009
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2009 ๋…„์—” "ํŠธ์œ—"
06:28
and "hashtag" in 2012.
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2012๋…„์—” "ํ•ด์‰ฌํƒœ๊ทธ(#)"
06:32
"Chad" was the word of the year in the year 2000,
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2000๋…„์—” "์ฐจ๋“œ(์ž‘์€ ์ข…์ž‡์กฐ๊ฐ),"
06:35
because who knew what a chad was before 2000,
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2000๋…„ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ฐจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
06:39
and "WMD" in 2002.
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2002๋…„์—” "WMD(๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ด์ƒ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ)" ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
Now, we have other categories in which we vote too,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
and my favorite category
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:48
is most creative word of the year.
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ํ•œํ•ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Past winners in this category have included
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์—ญ๋Œ€ ์„ ์ •๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
06:53
"recombobulation area,"
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"ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ"
06:56
which is at the Milwaukee Airport after security,
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๋ฐ€์›Œํ‚ค ๊ณตํ•ญ์—์„œ ๋ณด์•ˆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ๋ฐ
07:00
where you can recombobulate.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:04
You can put your belt back on,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ 
07:05
put your computer back in your bag.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์— ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:10
And then my all-time favorite word at this vote,
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์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
07:13
which is "multi-slacking."
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๋ฐ”๋กœ "๋ชฐ์ปด (๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ)" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:18
And multi-slacking is the act
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๋ชฐ์ปด์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ์ฐฝ์„
07:20
of having multiple windows up on your screen
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์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์— ๋„์›Œ ๋†“๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
so it looks like you're working
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์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:24
when you're actually goofing around on the web.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ทํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:26
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:33
Will all of these words stick? Absolutely not.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฌ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋งˆ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
And we have made some questionable choices,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:39
for example in 2006
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 2006๋…„์—๋Š”
07:41
when the word of the year was "Plutoed,"
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ "๋ช…์™•์„ฑํ™”"์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
07:43
to mean demoted.
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์ขŒ์ฒœ๋˜๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:50
But some of the past winners
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์„ ์ •๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘
07:52
now seem completely unremarkable,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ํŠน์ถœ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
07:55
such as "app"
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"์•ฑ"์ด๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:57
and "e" as a prefix,
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"e"๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ๋กœ ์“ด๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:59
and "google" as a verb.
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"๊ตฌ๊ธ€"์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์š”.
08:02
Now, a few weeks before our vote,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ „์—
08:06
Lake Superior State University
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๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ์ˆ˜ํผ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์€
08:08
issues its list of banished words for the year.
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
What is striking about this
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ ์€
08:14
is that there's actually often quite a lot of overlap
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์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค๊ณผ
08:17
between their list and the list that we are considering
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ํ›„๋ณด๋“ค ์ค‘
08:20
for words of the year,
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๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:22
and this is because we're noticing the same thing.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
We're noticing words that are coming into prominence.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
It's really a question of attitude.
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:32
Are you bothered by language fads and language change,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์œ ํ–‰์–ด๋‚˜ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์„ธ์š”?
08:35
or do you find it fun, interesting,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์™€์„œ
08:39
something worthy of study
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์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ
08:40
as part of a living language?
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๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:43
The list by Lake Superior State University
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๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ์ˆ˜ํผ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์€
08:45
continues a fairly long tradition in English
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋Š”
08:48
of complaints about new words.
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์˜์–ด์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
So here is Dean Henry Alford in 1875,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1875๋…„์— ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ์•Œํฌ๋“œ ํ•™์žฅ์€
08:54
who was very concerned that "desirability"
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"๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•จ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
08:57
is really a terrible word.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
In 1760, Benjamin Franklin
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1760๋…„์— ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์€
09:02
wrote a letter to David Hume
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ํ„์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์จ์„œ
09:03
giving up the word "colonize" as bad.
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"์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ํ™”"๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
Over the years, we've also seen worries
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๋ช‡๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:09
about new pronunciations.
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๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
Here is Samuel Rogers in 1855
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1855๋…„์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์—˜ ๋กœ์ €์Šค๋Š”
09:14
who is concerned about some fashionable pronunciations
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๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ฑ์ด ์ง™์€ ์œ ํ–‰ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋“ค์„
09:17
that he finds offensive,
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
and he says "as if contemplate were not bad enough,
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"contemplate๋„ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:22
balcony makes me sick."
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๋ฐœ์ฝ”๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ตฌ๋‚˜."
09:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:28
The word is borrowed in from Italian
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
09:30
and it was pronounced bal-COE-nee.
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๋ฐœ-์ฝ”(COE)-๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:34
These complaints now strike us as quaint,
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๋งค์šฐ ์˜ˆ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰์ด๋„ค์š”.
09:37
if not downright adorkable -- (Laughter) --
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๋ฐ”๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
09:42
but here's the thing:
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:45
we still get quite worked up about language change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ์–ธ์–ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ผ์กฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
I have an entire file in my office
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์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—๋Š”
09:51
of newspaper articles
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์‹ ๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ฒ ์ด ํ•œ ๊ถŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
which express concern about illegitimate words
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”
09:57
that should not have been included in the dictionary,
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"LOL"๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด
09:59
including "LOL"
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
10:00
when it got into the Oxford English Dictionary
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"์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š๊ธฐ(defriend)"๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด
10:02
and "defriend"
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:04
when it got into the Oxford American Dictionary.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹ ๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค ์ฒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
I also have articles expressing concern
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์ €๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ "์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค(invite)"๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ
10:09
about "invite" as a noun,
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"์ถฉ๊ฒฉ(impact)"์„ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
10:12
"impact" as a verb,
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
because only teeth can be impacted,
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impact๋Š” ๋งค๋ณต ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
and "incentivize" is described
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"์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
10:20
as "boorish, bureaucratic misspeak."
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"์ฒœ๋ฐ•ํ•œ, ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ง์‹ค์ˆ˜"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Now, it's not that dictionary editors
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์‚ฌ์ „ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ†ต์  ์–ธ์–ด ์กด์ค‘์„
10:26
ignore these kinds of attitudes about language.
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๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
They try to provide us some guidance about words
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฉ๋ก€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์€์–ด,
10:31
that are considered slang or informal
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๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹ ์šฉ์–ด, ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์  ์–ดํœ˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:34
or offensive, often through usage labels,
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๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
but they're in something of a bind,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:38
because they're trying to describe what we do,
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๋‹ค์†Œ ๋งค์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
and they know that we often go to dictionaries
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ
10:44
to get information about how we should use a word
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
10:47
well or appropriately.
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์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
In response, the American Heritage Dictionaries
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๊ทธ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์œ ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ์ „์€
10:52
include usage notes.
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์šฉ๋ก€ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
Usage notes tend to occur with words
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์šฉ๋ก€๋…ธํŠธ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„
10:56
that are troublesome in one way,
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
and one of the ways that they can be troublesome
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
11:01
is that they're changing meaning.
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๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Now usage notes involve very human decisions,
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์šฉ๋ก€ ๋…ธํŠธ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
and I think, as dictionary users,
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์‚ฌ์ „ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
11:08
we're often not as aware of those human decisions
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์“ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ธ๋ฐ๋„
11:10
as we should be.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
To show you what I mean,
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์ œ ๋ง๋œป์ด ๋ญ”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
11:12
we'll look at an example, but before we do,
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๊ทธ์ „์— ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
I want to explain what the dictionary editors
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์‚ฌ์ „ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด ์šฉ๋ก€๋…ธํŠธ๋กœ
11:17
are trying to deal with in this usage note.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
11:20
Think about the word "peruse"
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"์ˆ™๋…ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:23
and how you use that word.
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„์š”.
11:27
I would guess many of you are thinking
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์Šคํ‚ด(๊ณจ๋ผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ)
11:29
of skim, scan, reading quickly.
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์Šค์บ”(์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ๊ธฐ), ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
Some of you may even have some walking involved,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡๋ถ„์€ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
because you're perusing grocery store shelves,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜ํผ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“ค์„
11:39
or something like that.
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์ˆ™๋…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:41
You might be surprised to learn
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์‚ฌ์ „๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
11:43
that if you look in most standard dictionaries,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๋…ํ•˜๋‹ค,
11:45
the first definition will be to read carefully,
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ํ˜น์€ ๋“ค์ด๋ถ‡๋‹ค ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
11:48
or pore over.
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๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
American Heritage has that as the first definition.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์œ ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ์ „์€ ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
They then have, as the second definition, skim,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์Šคํ‚ด(๊ณจ๋ผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ)
11:56
and next to that, they say "usage problem."
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” "์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ"
12:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:02
And then they include a usage note,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณผ๋งŒํ•œ ์šฉ๋ก€๋…ธํŠธ๋„
12:04
which is worth looking at.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
So here's the usage note:
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์šฉ๋ก€ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
12:08
"Peruse has long meant 'to read thoroughly'...
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"์ˆ™๋…์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ '์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ๋œปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:10
But the word is often used more loosely,
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์ž์ฃผ ๋ง‰์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์„œ
12:12
to mean simply 'to read.'...
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
Further extension of the word to mean 'to glance over, skim,'
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์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ '์Šคํ‚ด(๊ณจ๋ผ์ฝ๊ธฐ)'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:17
has traditionally been considered an error,
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๊ด€์Šต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
but our ballot results suggest that it is becoming
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
12:22
somewhat more acceptable.
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์ด ๋œป์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
When asked about the sentence,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
12:25
'I only had a moment to peruse the manual quickly,'
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'๋‚œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ˆ™๋…ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
12:28
66 percent of the [Usage] Panel
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1988๋…„ ์šฉ๋ก€์กฐ์‚ฌ ์œ„์›์˜ 66%๋Š”
12:30
found it unacceptable in 1988,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
12:32
58 percent in 1999,
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1999๋…„์—๋Š” 58%
12:34
and 48 percent in 2011."
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2011๋…„์—๋Š” 48%๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
Ah, the Usage Panel,
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์ฐธ! ์šฉ๋ก€ ์œ„์›์€
12:40
that trusted body of language authorities
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์–ธ์–ด ๊ถŒ์œ„์ž๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
who is getting more lenient about this.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋” ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Now, what I hope you're thinking right now is,
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:47
"Wait, who's on the Usage Panel?
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"์ž ๊น, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์šฉ๋ก€ ์œ„์›์ด์ง€?
12:51
And what should I do with their pronouncements?"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€?"
12:54
If you look in the front matter
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1963
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์œ ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ์ „์˜
12:56
of American Heritage Dictionaries,
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์ „๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
12:58
you can actually find the names
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์šฉ๋ก€ ์œ„์›์˜
12:59
of the people on the Usage Panel.
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์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
But who looks at the front matter of dictionaries?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ „์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
13:03
There are about 200 people on the Usage Panel.
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์šฉ๋ก€ ์œ„์›์—๋Š” 200๋ช… ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
They include academicians,
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ํ•™์ˆ  ์œ„์›, ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค,
13:08
journalists, creative writers.
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
There's a Supreme Court justice on it
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๋Œ€๋ฒ•๊ด€๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:12
and a few linguists.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
As of 2005, the list includes me.
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2005๋…„์—๋Š” ์ €๋„ ๋ช…๋‹จ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:23
Here's what we can do for you.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
We can give you a sense
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์šฉ๋ก€๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:29
of the range of opinions about contested usage.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
That is and should be the extent of our authority.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €ํฌ ๊ถŒํ•œ์— ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
We are not a language academy.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์›์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
About once a year, I get a ballot
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋…„์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ
13:41
that asks me about whether new uses,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์šฉ๋ฒ•, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ์Œ,
13:44
new pronunciations, new meanings, are acceptable.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
Now here's what I do to fill out the ballot.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
I listen to what other people are saying and writing.
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์ „ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ค์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
I do not listen to my own likes
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์˜์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ
13:56
and dislikes about the English language.
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์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
I will be honest with you:
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์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์„œ
14:01
I do not like the word "impactful,"
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์ €๋Š” "์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š”"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
but that is neither here nor there
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š”"์ด๋ผ๋Š”
14:06
in terms of whether "impactful" is becoming common usage
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ฐ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋” ์šฉ์ธ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋Š”
14:09
and becoming more acceptable in written prose.
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
So to be responsible,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
what I do is go look at usage,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
14:16
which often involves going to look
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๋ณดํ†ต ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๋ถ์Šค๊ฐ™์€
14:18
at online databases such as Google Books.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์„œ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
14:21
Well, if you look for "impactful" in Google Books,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ "์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š”"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋ถ์Šค์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:23
here is what you find.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
Well, it sure looks like "impactful"
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์Œ, ํ™•์‹คํžˆ "์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š”"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
14:29
is proving useful
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
14:31
for a certain number of writers,
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์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
14:32
and has become more and more useful
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์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด
14:34
over the last 20 years.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
Now, there are going to be changes
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์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
14:38
that all of us don't like in the language.
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์–ธ์–ด์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
There are going to be changes where you think,
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
"Really?
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"์ •๋ง?
14:44
Does the language have to change that way?"
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๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด?"
14:47
What I'm saying is,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
14:49
we should be less quick
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๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€
14:51
to decide that that change is terrible,
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์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
we should be less quick to impose
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
14:56
our likes and dislikes about words on other people,
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธ‰ํžˆ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
and we should be entirely reluctant
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
15:03
to think that the English language is in trouble.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์ €ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
It's not. It is rich and vibrant and filled
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ
15:09
with the creativity of the speakers who speak it.
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ํ’์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
In retrospect, we think it's fascinating
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๋Œ์ด์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฐธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ
15:15
that the word "nice" used to mean silly,
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"๋ฉ‹์ง€๋„ค(nice)"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์˜€๊ณ 
15:18
and that the word "decimate"
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"๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ํ•™์‚ด(decimate)"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
15:20
used to mean to kill one in every 10.
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10๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์”ฉ ์ฃฝ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์˜€๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:29
We think that Ben Franklin was being silly
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ "์ฃผ๋ชฉ(notice)"์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:34
to worry about "notice" as a verb.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒค ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ฐ”๋ณด ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
Well, you know what?
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
15:38
We're going to look pretty silly in a hundred years
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์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "์ถฉ๊ฒฉ(impact)"์„ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
15:41
for worrying about "impact" as a verb
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"์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค(invite)"๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:43
and "invite" as a noun.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด 100๋…„ ๋’ค์—” ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
The language is not going to change so fast
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๋งŒํผ
15:48
that we can't keep up.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
Language just doesn't work that way.
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์›๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
15:52
I hope that what you can do
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ 
15:54
is find language change not worrisome
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
15:57
but fun and fascinating,
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์•„์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
just the way dictionary editors do.
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์‚ฌ์ „ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
16:02
I hope you can enjoy being part
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ
16:04
of the creativity that is continually remaking
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ํŒ”ํŒ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
16:09
our language and keeping it robust.
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์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
So how does a word get into a dictionary?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
16:15
It gets in because we use it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:17
and we keep using it,
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๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:19
and dictionary editors are paying attention to us.
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์‚ฌ์ „ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
If you're thinking, "But that lets all of us decide
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋œป์„
16:26
what words mean,"
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:28
I would say, "Yes it does,
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์ „ "๋งž์•„์š”,
16:32
and it always has."
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
Dictionaries are a wonderful guide and resource,
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์‚ฌ์ „์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์ด์ž ์ž์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
but there is no objective dictionary authority out there
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”
16:42
that is the final arbiter about what words mean.
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๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
If a community of speakers is using a word
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
16:48
and knows what it means, it's real.
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์งœ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
That word might be slangy,
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์€์–ด์ผ์ˆ˜๋„
16:53
that word might be informal,
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๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ผ์ˆ˜๋„
16:55
that word might be a word that you think
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ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
16:57
is illogical or unnecessary,
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๋น„ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
but that word that we're using,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด,
17:02
that word is real.
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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