Pavan Sukhdev: Put a value on nature!

116,351 views ใƒป 2011-12-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yana Maquieira ๊ฒ€ํ† : Tae Han Yoon
00:15
I'm here to talk to you
0
15260
2000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜
00:17
about the economic invisibility of nature.
1
17260
2000
์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
The bad news
2
19260
2000
์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
00:21
is that mother nature's back office isn't working yet,
3
21260
2000
์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
00:23
so those invoices don't get issued.
4
23260
2000
์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœํ–‰์ด ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
But we need to do something about this problem.
5
25260
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
I began my life as a markets professional
6
28260
3000
์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:31
and continued to take an interest,
7
31260
3000
๊ณ„์† ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
00:34
but most of my recent effort
8
34260
2000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•œ ์ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
00:36
has been looking at the value
9
36260
2000
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป๋Š” ํ˜œํƒ์˜
00:38
of what comes to human beings from nature,
10
38260
2000
๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
and which doesn't get priced by the markets.
11
40260
3000
์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:43
A project called TEEB was started in 2007,
12
43260
3000
2007๋…„์— TEEB๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€
00:46
and it was launched by a group of environment ministers
13
46260
3000
G8+5 (๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ๋…์ผ, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ผ๋ณธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ๋‚จ์•„๊ณต)์˜
00:49
of the G8+5.
14
49260
2000
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
And their basic inspiration
15
51260
2000
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์˜๊ฐ์ด ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์€
00:53
was a stern review of Lord Stern.
16
53260
2000
์Šคํ„ด ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
00:55
They asked themselves a question:
17
55260
2000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž๋ฌธํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
If economics could make such a convincing case
18
57260
2000
๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ด ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:59
for early action on climate change,
19
59260
2000
์กฐ๊ธฐ์กฐ์น˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:01
well why can't the same be done for conservation?
20
61260
2000
์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ž์—ฐ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๊นŒ?
01:03
Why can't an equivalent case be made
21
63260
2000
์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ
01:05
for nature?
22
65260
2000
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๊นŒ?
01:07
And the answer is: Yeah, it can.
23
67260
2000
๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:09
But it's not that straightforward.
24
69260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Biodiversity, the living fabric of this planet, is not a gas.
25
71260
3000
์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ, ์ฆ‰ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์€ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
01:14
It exists in many layers,
26
74260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒน๊ฒน์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
ecosystems, species and genes across many scales --
27
76260
3000
์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„, ์ข…, ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ
01:19
international, national, local, community --
28
79260
3000
๊ตญ์ œ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด, ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ง์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
01:22
and doing for nature
29
82260
2000
์Šคํ„ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ํŒ€์ด ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
01:24
what Lord Stern and his team did for nature is not that easy.
30
84260
3000
ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ผ์„ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:27
And yet, we began.
31
87260
2000
๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:29
We began the project with an interim report,
32
89260
2000
๋จผ์ € ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:31
which quickly pulled together
33
91260
2000
์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
01:33
a lot of information that had been collected on the subject
34
93260
3000
์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด
01:36
by many, many researchers.
35
96260
2000
์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ๋ชจ์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
And amongst our compiled results
36
98260
2000
์ด ์‚ฐ๋”๋ฏธ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
01:40
was the startling revelation
37
100260
2000
๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
that, in fact, we were losing natural capital --
38
102260
3000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ์ž๋ณธ, ์ฆ‰ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ
01:45
the benefits that flow from nature to us.
39
105260
2000
ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
We were losing it at an extraordinary rate --
40
107260
2000
์†์‹ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๋˜์–ด
01:49
in fact, of the order of two to four trillion dollars-worth
41
109260
3000
2์กฐ ๋‚ด์ง€ 4์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์ž๋ณธ์„
01:52
of natural capital.
42
112260
3000
์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
This came out in 2008,
43
115260
2000
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 2008๋…„๋„์— ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
01:57
which was, of course, around the time that the banking crisis had shown
44
117260
2000
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
01:59
that we had lost financial capital
45
119260
2000
์ƒ๊ธด ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ ์†์‹ค์ด
02:01
of the order of two and a half trillion dollars.
46
121260
2000
2.5์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
So this was comparable in size to that kind of loss.
47
123260
3000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฐ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ฒฌ๋  ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:06
We then have gone on since
48
126260
2000
๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
02:08
to present for [the] international community,
49
128260
3000
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ,
02:11
for governments,
50
131260
2000
๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€,
02:13
for local governments and for business
51
133260
2000
์ง€์—ญ ์ •๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด,
02:15
and for people, for you and me,
52
135260
2000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๊ณ ์š”,
02:17
a whole slew of reports, which were presented at the U.N. last year,
53
137260
3000
์ž‘๋…„์—๋Š” ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ๊ณผ
02:20
which address the economic invisibility of nature
54
140260
3000
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€
02:23
and describe what can be done to solve it.
55
143260
2000
์œ ์—”์— ์ƒ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:25
What is this about?
56
145260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:27
A picture that you're familiar with --
57
147260
2000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ž˜ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์ฃ .
02:29
the Amazon rainforests.
58
149260
2000
์•„๋งˆ์กด ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
It's a massive store of carbon, it's an amazing store of biodiversity,
59
151260
3000
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ €์žฅ๊ณ ์ด์ž ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
but what people don't really know
60
154260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด
02:36
is this also is a rain factory.
61
156260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
02:38
Because the northeastern trade winds,
62
158260
2000
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ๋™๋ฌด์—ญํ’์ด
02:40
as they go over the Amazonas,
63
160260
2000
์•„๋งˆ์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค ์ฃผ์˜ ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
02:42
effectively gather the water vapor.
64
162260
2000
์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:44
Something like 20 billion tons per day of water vapor
65
164260
3000
ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 2๋ฐฑ์–ต ํ†ค ์ •๋„๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
02:47
is sucked up by the northeastern trade winds,
66
167260
3000
๋ถ๋™๋ฌด์—ญํ’์ด ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
02:50
and eventually precipitates in the form of rain
67
170260
3000
๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋น„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
02:53
across the La Plata Basin.
68
173260
2000
๋ผํ”Œ๋ผํƒ€ ๊ฐ• ์œ ์—ญ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
This rainfall cycle, this rainfall factory,
69
175260
3000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜ ์ˆœํ™˜, ์ฆ‰ ๋น„๊ณต์žฅ์€
02:58
effectively feeds an agricultural economy
70
178260
2000
๋‚จ๋ฏธ ๋†์—… ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:00
of the order of 240 billion dollars-worth
71
180260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 2์ฒœ 4๋ฐฑ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์˜
03:02
in Latin America.
72
182260
2000
๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
But the question arises: Okay, so how much
73
184260
3000
์ž, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์€, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„
03:07
do Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina
74
187260
2000
์šฐ๋ฃจ๊ณผ์ด, ํŒŒ๋ผ๊ณผ์ด, ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜,
03:09
and indeed the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil
75
189260
3000
๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ๋งˆํ† ๊ทธ๋กœ์†Œ ์ฃผ๋Š”
03:12
pay for that vital input to that economy
76
192260
3000
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์•„๋งˆ์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค ์ฃผ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”
03:15
to the state of Amazonas, which produces that rainfall?
77
195260
3000
์ € ์œ ์ž…์ž์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:18
And the answer is zilch,
78
198260
2000
์ •๋‹ต์€ 0์›
03:20
exactly zero.
79
200260
2000
์™„์ „ ์ œ๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
That's the economic invisibility of nature.
80
202260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
That can't keep going on,
81
204260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋  ๋ฆฌ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:26
because economic incentives and disincentives are very powerful.
82
206260
3000
๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ž€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:29
Economics has become the currency of policy.
83
209260
2000
๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์€ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ™”ํ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
And unless we address
84
211260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ์„
03:33
this invisibility,
85
213260
2000
๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ
03:35
we are going to get the results that we are seeing,
86
215260
2000
์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
which is a gradual degradation and loss
87
217260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ํ™ฉํํ™”์™€
03:40
of this valuable natural asset.
88
220260
2000
์ด ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ ์†์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
It's not just about the Amazonas, or indeed about rainforests.
89
222260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค ์ฃผ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
No matter what level you look at,
90
225260
2000
์–ด๋Š ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„
03:47
whether it's at the ecosystem level or at the species level or at the genetic level,
91
227260
3000
์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋˜, ์ข… ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—
03:50
we see the same problem again and again.
92
230260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
So rainfall cycle and water regulation by rainforests
93
233260
3000
๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜๊ณผ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ด์ˆ˜์ž‘์šฉ์ด
03:56
at an ecosystem level.
94
236260
2000
์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:58
At the species level,
95
238260
2000
์ข… ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ
04:00
it's been estimated that insect-based pollination,
96
240260
2000
์ถ”์ •์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒŒ์ด ๊ณผ์ผ์— ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜
04:02
bees pollinating fruit and so on,
97
242260
3000
๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ
04:05
is something like 190 billion dollars-worth.
98
245260
3000
1900์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:08
That's something like eight percent
99
248260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ด ๋†์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜
04:10
of the total agricultural output globally.
100
250260
4000
8% ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:14
It completely passes below the radar screen.
101
254260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ˆˆ์น˜๋„ ๋ชป์ฑ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:16
But when did a bee actually ever give you an invoice?
102
256260
3000
๋ฒŒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
04:19
Or for that matter, if you look at the genetic level,
103
259260
3000
๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
04:22
60 percent of medicines were prospected,
104
262260
3000
์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์˜ 60%๋ฅผ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์ด๋‚˜ ์•”์ดˆ์—์„œ
04:25
were found first as molecules in a rainforest or a reef.
105
265260
3000
์ฑ„์ทจ๋œ ๋ถ„์ž์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Once again, most of that doesn't get paid.
106
268260
2000
๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถˆ ์—†์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
And that brings me to another aspect of this,
107
270260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
04:32
which is, to whom should this get paid?
108
272260
3000
๋ˆ„๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:35
That genetic material
109
275260
2000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์œ ์ „์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€
04:37
probably belonged, if it could belong to anyone,
110
277260
2000
๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:39
to a local community of poor people
111
279260
2000
์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
who parted with the knowledge that helped the researchers to find the molecule,
112
281260
3000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:44
which then became the medicine.
113
284260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์ด ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:46
They were the ones that didn't get paid.
114
286260
2000
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And if you look at the species level,
115
288260
3000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ข… ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
04:51
you saw about fish.
116
291260
2000
๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Today, the depletion of ocean fisheries is so significant
117
293260
3000
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋Œ€์–‘์–ด์—…์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ
04:56
that effectively it is effecting the ability of the poor,
118
296260
4000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์˜
05:00
the artisanal fisher folk
119
300260
2000
๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™• ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:02
and those who fish for their own livelihoods,
120
302260
2000
์ด๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ 
05:04
to feed their families.
121
304260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:06
Something like a billion people depend on fish,
122
306260
2000
10์–ต ์ •๋„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ผ๊ณ 
05:08
the quantity of fish in the oceans.
123
308260
2000
๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
A billion people depend on fish
124
310260
3000
10์–ต ์ •๋„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:13
for their main source for animal protein.
125
313260
2000
๋™๋ฌผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
And at this rate at which we are losing fish,
126
315260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ˜„ ์†๋„๋กœ๋Š”
05:17
it is a human problem of enormous dimensions,
127
317260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
a health problem
128
319260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
05:21
of a kind we haven't seen before.
129
321260
3000
์—ฌ์ง€๊ป ๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
05:24
And finally, at the ecosystem level,
130
324260
2000
๋˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š”,
05:26
whether it's flood prevention or drought control provided by the forests,
131
326260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ผ๋ฆผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ™์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์ด๋˜์ง€
05:29
or whether it is the ability of poor farmers
132
329260
2000
ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด
05:31
to go out and gather leaf litter
133
331260
2000
๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚™์—ฝ์„ ๋ชจ์•„
05:33
for their cattle and goats,
134
333260
2000
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์ถ•๊ณผ ์—ผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋˜์ง€
05:35
or whether it's the ability of their wives
135
335260
2000
ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•„๋‚ด๋“ค์ด
05:37
to go and collect fuel wood from the forest,
136
337260
2000
์ˆฒ์—์„œ ๋•”๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋˜์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—
05:39
it is actually the poor
137
339260
2000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
05:41
who depend most on these ecosystem services.
138
341260
2000
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:43
We did estimates in our study
139
343260
2000
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์— ์ถ”์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
05:45
that for countries like Brazil, India and Indonesia,
140
345260
3000
๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ์ธ๋„, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:48
even though ecosystem services --
141
348260
2000
์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค,
05:50
these benefits that flow from nature to humanity for free --
142
350260
3000
์ฆ‰, ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณต์งœ ํ˜œํƒ๋“ค์ด
05:53
they're not very big in percentage terms of GDP --
143
353260
2000
GDP์— ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
05:55
two, four, eight, 10, 15 percent --
144
355260
2000
2, 4, 8, 10, 15%์ •๋„๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”,
05:57
but in these countries, if we measure how much they're worth to the poor,
145
357260
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฒจ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:00
the answers are more like
146
360260
2000
๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜
06:02
45 percent, 75 percent, 90 percent.
147
362260
3000
45%, 75%, 90%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
That's the difference.
148
365260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Because these are important benefits for the poor.
149
367260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:10
And you can't really have a proper model for development
150
370260
3000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
06:13
if at the same time you're destroying or allowing
151
373260
3000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:16
the degradation of the very asset, the most important asset,
152
376260
3000
ํ™ฉํํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๊ด€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
which is your development asset,
153
379260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ž์‚ฐ์ธ
06:21
that is ecological infrastructure.
154
381260
2000
์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ฒด์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
How bad can things get?
155
383260
2000
์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋กœ ์•…ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:25
Well here a picture of something called the mean species abundance.
156
385260
3000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‰๊ท  ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข… ํ’์กฑ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:28
It's basically a measure
157
388260
2000
์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์จ,
06:30
of how many tigers, toads, ticks or whatever on average
158
390260
2000
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด, ๋‘๊บผ๋น„, ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:32
of biomass of various species are around.
159
392260
3000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
The green represents the percentage.
160
395260
2000
์ด ๋…น์ƒ‰์€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
06:37
If you start green, it's like 80 to 100 percent.
161
397260
3000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ฒญ๋ก์ƒ‰์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฑด 80 ๋‚ด์ง€ 100%์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
06:40
If it's yellow, it's 40 to 60 percent.
162
400260
2000
๋…ธ๋ž‘์ƒ‰์ด๋ฉด 40 ๋‚ด์ง€ 60%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
And these are percentages versus the original state, so to speak,
163
402260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์›์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
the pre-industrial era, 1750.
164
404260
3000
์› ์ƒํƒœ๋ž€ ์‚ฐ์—…์‹œ๋Œ€, ์ฆ‰ 1750๋…„๋Œ€ ์ด์ „์ด์ฃ .
06:47
Now I'm going to show you
165
407260
2000
์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€
06:49
how business as usual will affect this.
166
409260
2000
์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
And just watch the change in colors
167
411260
2000
์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:53
in India, China, Europe,
168
413260
2000
์ธ๋„, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ,
06:55
sub-Saharan Africa
169
415260
2000
์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
06:57
as we move on and consume global biomass
170
417260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:00
at a rate which is actually not going to be able to sustain us.
171
420260
4000
๊ทธ ์†๋„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
See that again.
172
424260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:06
The only places that remain green -- and that's not good news --
173
426260
2000
๋…น์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
07:08
is, in fact, places like the Gobi Desert,
174
428260
3000
๊ณ ๋น„ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ๊ณผ
07:11
like the tundra and like the Sahara.
175
431260
2000
ํˆฐ๋“œ๋ผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
07:13
But that doesn't help because there were very few species
176
433260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋“ค์—๋Š”
07:15
and volume of biomass there in the first place.
177
435260
2000
์›๋ž˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข…๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค์˜ ์–‘์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
This is the challenge.
178
437260
2000
ํž˜๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
The reason this is happening
179
439260
3000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
07:22
boils down, in my mind, to one basic problem,
180
442260
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
which is our inability to perceive the difference
181
445260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์ต๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ต์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ
07:27
between public benefits
182
447260
2000
์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
07:29
and private profits.
183
449260
2000
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:31
We tend to constantly ignore public wealth
184
451260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Š˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:34
simply because it is in the common wealth,
185
454260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:36
it's common goods.
186
456260
2000
๊ณต๋™์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:38
And here's an example from Thailand
187
458260
2000
ํƒœ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
where we found that, because the value of a mangrove is not that much --
188
460260
4000
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋งน๊ทธ๋กœ๋ธŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
07:44
it's about $600 over the life of nine years that this has been measured --
189
464260
4000
์ธก์ •์„ ํ•œ 9๋…„๊ฐ„ 600๋ถˆ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”,
07:48
compared to its value as a shrimp farm,
190
468260
2000
9,600๋ถˆ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ƒˆ์šฐ ์–‘์‹์žฅ๊ณผ
07:50
which is more like $9,600,
191
470260
2000
๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ ๋ง์˜ˆ์š”,
07:52
there has been a gradual trend to deplete the mangroves
192
472260
3000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ ์  ๋งน๊ทธ๋กœ๋ธŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋Šช์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜๊ณ 
07:55
and convert them to shrimp farms.
193
475260
2000
๊ทธ ๋Šช์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ์šฐ์–‘์‹์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ”์ฃ .
07:57
But of course, if you look at exactly what those profits are,
194
477260
4000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์œค์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
08:01
almost 8,000 of those dollars
195
481260
2000
๊ฑฐ์˜ 8์ฒœ๋ถˆ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด
08:03
are, in fact, subsidies.
196
483260
2000
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
So you compare the two sides of the coin
197
485260
3000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:08
and you find that it's more like 1,200 to 600.
198
488260
2000
๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” 1,200๋ถˆ๊ณผ 600๋ถˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
08:10
That's not that hard.
199
490260
2000
ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—†์–ด๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
But on the other hand, if you start measuring,
200
492260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ์šฐ์–‘์‹์žฅ์„
08:14
how much would it actually cost
201
494260
2000
๋‹ค์‹œ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์ž์—ฐ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ
08:16
to restore the land of the shrimp farm
202
496260
2000
๋ณต์›์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
08:18
back to productive use?
203
498260
2000
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:20
Once salt deposition and chemical deposition
204
500260
2000
์ผ๋‹จ ์†Œ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•™ ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ์ด
08:22
has had its effects,
205
502260
2000
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:24
that answer is more like $12,000 of cost.
206
504260
3000
๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ์€ 12,000๋ถˆ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
And if you see the benefits of the mangrove
207
507260
2000
๋˜ํ•œ, ๋งน๊ทธ๋กœ๋ธŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
08:29
in terms of the storm protection and cyclone protection that you get
208
509260
3000
ํญํ’๊ณผ ์‹ธ์ดํด๋ก ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์ฃผ๊ณ 
08:32
and in terms of the fisheries, the fish nurseries,
209
512260
2000
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘์‹์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š”
08:34
that provide fish for the poor,
210
514260
2000
์–‘์‹์žฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:36
that answer is more like $11,000.
211
516260
2000
๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” 11,000๋ถˆ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
So now look at the different lens.
212
518260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:40
If you look at the lens of public wealth
213
520260
2000
์‚ฌ์ต์˜ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ๋Œ€์‹ 
08:42
as against the lens of private profits,
214
522260
2000
๊ณต์ต์˜ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
08:44
you get a completely different answer,
215
524260
2000
์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์ด๋ฅด์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
which is clearly conservation makes more sense,
216
526260
3000
์ž์—ฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž์—ฐ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์€
08:49
and not destruction.
217
529260
2000
์„ ํƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
08:51
So is this just a story from South Thailand?
218
531260
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํƒœ๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:54
Sorry, this is a global story.
219
534260
2000
์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
And here's what the same calculation looks like,
220
536260
2000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
which was done recently -- well I say recently, over the last 10 years --
221
538260
3000
์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ๋ญ ์ตœ๊ทผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ 10๋…„๋‚ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ด์ฃ ,
09:01
by a group called TRUCOST.
222
541260
2000
ํŠธ๋ฃจ์ฝ”์ŠคํŠธ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:03
And they calculated for the top 3,000 corporations,
223
543260
2000
ํ†ฑ 3์ฒœ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
09:05
what are the externalities?
224
545260
2000
์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
In other words, what are the costs of doing business as usual?
225
547260
2000
๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋ƒ?
09:09
This is not illegal stuff, this is basically business as usual,
226
549260
3000
๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ •์ƒํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”
09:12
which causes climate-changing emissions, which have an economic cost.
227
552260
3000
๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„์šฉ์ด์ฃ .
09:15
It causes pollutants being issued, which have an economic cost,
228
555260
3000
์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:18
health cost and so on.
229
558260
2000
๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
Use of freshwater.
230
560260
2000
๋‹ด์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:22
If you drill water to make coke near a village farm,
231
562260
2000
์ฝœ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋งˆ์„ ๋†์žฅ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๋•…์„ ํŒŒ์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:24
that's not illegal, but yes, it costs the community.
232
564260
2000
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ. ๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„์— ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Can we stop this, and how?
233
566260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ?
09:28
I think the first point to make is that we need to recognize natural capital.
234
568260
3000
๋จผ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Basically the stuff of life is natural capital,
235
571260
3000
์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ž๋ณธ์ด๊ณ 
09:34
and we need to recognize and build that into our systems.
236
574260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:37
When we measure GDP
237
577260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ
09:39
as a measure of economic performance at the national level,
238
579260
2000
๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹ค์ ์„ ์žฌ๋Š” ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ GDP๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
09:41
we don't include our biggest asset at the country level.
239
581260
3000
๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋นผ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
When we measure corporate performances,
240
584260
2000
๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‹ค์ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ• ๋•Œ
09:46
we don't include our impacts on nature
241
586260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜
09:48
and what our business costs society.
242
588260
2000
๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋†“๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:50
That has to stop.
243
590260
2000
์ด๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
In fact, this was what really inspired my interest in this phase.
244
592260
3000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
09:55
I began a project way back called the Green Accounting Project.
245
595260
2000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „์— ๋…น์ƒ‰ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
That was in the early 2000s
246
597260
2000
2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
09:59
when India was going gung-ho about GDP growth
247
599260
3000
๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ธ๋„๋Š” GDP์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์–ด์š”
10:02
as the means forward --
248
602260
2000
์ง„๋ณด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:04
looking at China with its stellar growths of eight, nine, 10 percent
249
604260
2000
์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ 8, 9, 10% ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
10:06
and wondering, why can we do the same?
250
606260
2000
์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
10:08
And a few friends of mine and I
251
608260
2000
์ €๋ž‘ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€
10:10
decided this doesn't make sense.
252
610260
2000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์€ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋‚ด๋ ธ์ฃ .
10:12
This is going to create more cost to society and more losses.
253
612260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
10:15
So we decided to do a massive set of calculations
254
615260
2000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:17
and started producing green accounts for India and its states.
255
617260
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:20
That's how my interests began
256
620260
2000
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด์„œ
10:22
and went to the TEEB project.
257
622260
2000
TEEB ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Calculating this at the national level is one thing, and it has begun.
258
624260
3000
๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:27
And the World Bank has acknowledged this
259
627260
2000
๋˜, ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:29
and they've started a project called WAVES --
260
629260
2000
๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ(WAVES)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services.
261
631260
2000
์ž์—ฐ์ž์›ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์•ฝ์ž์ด์ฃ .
10:33
But calculating this at the next level,
262
633260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฐจ์›, ์ฆ‰
10:35
that means at the business sector level, is important.
263
635260
2000
๊ธฐ์—… ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
And actually we've done this with the TEEB project.
264
637260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค TEEB ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
We've done this for a very difficult case,
265
639260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†“๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
10:42
which was for deforestation in China.
266
642260
2000
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ผ๋ฆผํŒŒ๊ดด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
This is important, because in China in 1997,
267
644260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” 1997๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:47
the Yellow River actually went dry for nine months
268
647260
3000
ํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฐ•์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 9๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง๋ž์–ด์š”.
10:50
causing severe loss of agriculture output
269
650260
2000
๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋†์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ 
10:52
and pain and loss to society.
270
652260
2000
์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ์†์‹ค์„ ์•ˆ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:54
Just a year later the Yangtze flooded,
271
654260
2000
์ผ๋…„ ํ›„์— ์–‘์ฏ”๊ฐ•์ด ๋ฒ”๋žŒํ•˜์—ฌ
10:56
causing something like 5,500 deaths.
272
656260
3000
5์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋ช… ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:59
So clearly there was a problem with deforestation.
273
659260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์‚ผ๋ฆผํŒŒ๊ดด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
It was associated largely with the construction industry.
274
661260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
11:04
And the Chinese government responded sensibly
275
664260
2000
์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
11:06
and placed a ban on felling.
276
666260
2000
๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
A retrospective on 40 years
277
668260
2000
์ง€๋‚œ 40๋…„์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ดค์„๋•Œ
11:10
shows that if we had accounted for these costs --
278
670260
4000
์ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด,
11:14
the cost of loss of topsoil,
279
674260
2000
์ฆ‰, ํ‘œํ† ์ธต์˜ ์†์‹ค ๋น„์šฉ,
11:16
the cost of loss of waterways,
280
676260
2000
์ˆ˜๋กœ์˜ ์†์‹ค ๋น„์šฉ,
11:18
the lost productivity, the loss to local communities
281
678260
3000
์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์†์‹ค, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์†ํ•ด,
11:21
as a result of all these factors,
282
681260
2000
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์˜จ
11:23
desertification and so on --
283
683260
2000
์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™” ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ
11:25
those costs are almost twice as much
284
685260
2000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜
11:27
as the market price of timber.
285
687260
2000
๋ชฉ์žฌ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‘๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
So in fact, the price of timber in the Beijing marketplace
286
689260
3000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฒ ์ด์ง• ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์žฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€
11:32
ought to have been three-times what it was
287
692260
2000
๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ 3๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฒจ์ ธ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:34
had it reflected the true pain and the costs
288
694260
3000
๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ค‘๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ผ์นœ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ๋“ค์„
11:37
to the society within China.
289
697260
2000
๊ฐ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Of course, after the event one can be wise.
290
699260
3000
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
11:42
The way to do this is to do it on a company basis,
291
702260
2000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
to take leadership forward,
292
704260
2000
์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ์ฅ๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
11:46
and to do it for as many important sectors which have a cost,
293
706260
3000
๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ค‘์š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:49
and to disclose these answers.
294
709260
2000
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:51
Someone once asked me, "Who is better or worse,
295
711260
2000
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. "์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„ ์‚ฌ์™€
11:53
is it Unilever or is it P&G
296
713260
2000
P&G ์ค‘์— ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‚˜์š”?
11:55
when it comes to their impact on rainforests in Indonesia?"
297
715260
3000
์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ดค์„๋•Œ์š”."
11:58
And I couldn't answer because neither of these companies,
298
718260
2000
์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
12:00
good though they are and professional though they are,
299
720260
2000
๋‹ค๋“ค ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์„œ๋„
12:02
do not calculate or disclose their externalities.
300
722260
3000
์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:05
But if we look at companies like PUMA --
301
725260
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‘ธ๋งˆ(PUMA)๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
12:07
Jochen Zeitz, their CEO and chairman,
302
727260
2000
CEO์ด์ž ํšŒ์žฅ์ธ ์š”ํ—Œ ์ฐจ์ด์ธ ๊ฐ€
12:09
once challenged me at a function,
303
729260
2000
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ์–ด๋Š ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
saying that he's going to implement my project before I finish it.
304
731260
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:14
Well I think we kind of did it at the same time, but he's done it.
305
734260
3000
์ €ํฌ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋™์‹œ์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:17
He's basically worked the cost to PUMA.
306
737260
2000
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ PUMA์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
PUMA has 2.7 billion dollars of turnover,
307
739260
2000
PUMA๋Š” ๋งค์ถœ์ด 27์–ต๋ถˆ,
12:21
300 million dollars of profits,
308
741260
2000
์ˆœ์ด์ต์ด 3์–ต๋ถˆ,
12:23
200 million dollars after tax,
309
743260
2000
์„ธํ›„์ˆœ์ด์ต์ด 2์–ต๋ถˆ,
12:25
94 million dollars of externalities, cost to business.
310
745260
3000
์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์ด 9์ฒœ 4๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ถˆ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
12:28
Now that's not a happy situation for them,
311
748260
2000
์ž ์ด๊ฑด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
12:30
but they have the confidence and the courage
312
750260
2000
๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™•์‹ ๊ณผ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
12:32
to come forward and say, "Here's what we are measuring.
313
752260
3000
๋‚ด๋†“๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ "์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
We are measuring it because we know
314
755260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ ์„œ
12:37
that you cannot manage what you do not measure."
315
757260
2000
๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:39
That's an example, I think, for us to look at
316
759260
2000
์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ 
12:41
and for us to draw comfort from.
317
761260
2000
์œ„์•ˆ์„ ์‚ผ์„๋งŒํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
If more companies did this,
318
763260
2000
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:45
and if more sectors engaged this as sectors,
319
765260
2000
๋˜, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:47
you could have analysts, business analysts,
320
767260
2000
๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
12:49
and you could have people like us and consumers and NGOs
321
769260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค, ๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜
12:52
actually look and compare the social performance of companies.
322
772260
3000
์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ํ…Œ์ฃ .
12:55
Today we can't yet do that, but I think the path is laid out.
323
775260
3000
ํ˜„์žฌ ์•„์ง ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธธ์€ ๋‹ฆ์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
12:58
This can be done.
324
778260
2000
ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
And I'm delighted that the Institute of Chartered Accountants in the U.K.
325
780260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตญ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€
13:02
has already set up a coalition to do this,
326
782260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
an international coalition.
327
784260
2000
๊ตญ์ œ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
13:06
The other favorite, if you like, solution for me
328
786260
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€
13:09
is the creation of green carbon markets.
329
789260
2000
๋…น์ƒ‰ํƒ„์†Œ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
And by the way, these are my favorites --
330
791260
2000
๋ง์ด ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ
13:13
externalities calculation and green carbon markets.
331
793260
2000
๋…น์ƒ‰ํƒ„์†Œ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
13:15
TEEB has more than a dozen separate groups of solutions
332
795260
4000
TEEB๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Šค ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ๋ฌถ์Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
13:19
including protected area evaluation
333
799260
2000
๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญํ‰๊ฐ€,
13:21
and payments for ecosystem services
334
801260
2000
์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ œ,
13:23
and eco-certification and you name it, but these are the favorites.
335
803260
3000
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๋“ฑ ๊ทธ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํŠนํžˆ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
What's green carbon?
336
806260
2000
๋…น์ƒ‰ํƒ„์†Œ๋ž€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
13:28
Today what we have is basically a brown carbon marketplace.
337
808260
2000
ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
It's about energy emissions.
338
810260
2000
์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
13:32
The European Union ETS is the main marketplace.
339
812260
2000
EU์—ญ๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ ์‹œ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
It's not doing too well. We've over-issued.
340
814260
2000
์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์ƒํƒœ์ฃ .
13:36
A bit like inflation: you over-issue currency,
341
816260
2000
์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ๋ฐ์š”, ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด
13:38
you get what you see, declining prices.
342
818260
3000
๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๊ฐ€์น˜ํ•˜๋ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
But that's all about energy and industry.
343
821260
3000
์ด๊ฑด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ชฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
But what we're missing is also some other emissions
344
824260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋นผ๋†“์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:46
like black carbon, that is soot.
345
826260
2000
ํ‘์ƒ‰ํƒ„์†Œ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ์„์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
What we're also missing is blue carbon,
346
828260
2000
๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ฒญ์ƒ‰ ํƒ„์†Œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
13:50
which, by the way, is the largest store of carbon --
347
830260
2000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ €์žฅ๊ณ ๋กœ์จ
13:52
more than 55 percent.
348
832260
2000
55% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
Thankfully, the flux, in other words, the flow of emissions
349
834260
2000
๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ ๋™, ์ฆ‰ ํ๋ฆ„์€
13:56
from the ocean to the atmosphere and vice versa,
350
836260
2000
๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ, ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:58
is more or less balanced.
351
838260
2000
๋Œ€์ถฉ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์žกํ˜€์žˆ์ฃ .
14:00
In fact, what's being absorbed
352
840260
2000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
14:02
is something like 25 percent of our emissions,
353
842260
3000
์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ 25%์ธ๋ฐ์š”
14:05
which then leads to acidification
354
845260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
14:07
or lower alkalinity in oceans.
355
847260
2000
๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
More of that in a minute.
356
849260
2000
์ž ์‹œํ›„์— ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ป˜์š”.
14:11
And finally, there's deforestation,
357
851260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋ฆผํŒŒ๊ดด์™€
14:13
and there's emission of methane
358
853260
2000
๋†์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ด
14:15
from agriculture.
359
855260
2000
์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
Green carbon,
360
857260
2000
๋…น์ƒ‰ํƒ„์†Œ์™€
14:19
which is the deforestation and agricultural emissions,
361
859260
2000
์ฆ‰, ์‚ผ๋ฆผํŒŒ๊ดด์™€ ๋†์—…๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ ,
14:21
and blue carbon
362
861260
2000
์ฒญ์ƒ‰ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด
14:23
together comprise 25 percent of our emissions.
363
863260
2000
์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ 25%๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
We have the means already in our hands,
364
865260
2000
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
through a structure, through a mechanism, called REDD Plus --
365
867260
2000
๋ ˆ๋“œ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ˜น์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
14:29
a scheme for the reduced emissions
366
869260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ผ๋ฆผํŒŒ๊ดด์™€ ์‚ผ๋ฆผํ™ฉํํ™”๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”
14:31
from deforestation and forest degradation.
367
871260
3000
๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
And already Norway has contributed a billion dollars each
368
874260
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10์–ต๋ถˆ์”ฉ
14:37
towards Indonesia and Brazil
369
877260
2000
์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์™€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์ด ๋ ˆ๋“œํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ
14:39
to implement this Red Plus scheme.
370
879260
2000
์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
So we actually have some movement forward.
371
881260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ข€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
But the thing is to do a lot more of that.
372
883260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
Will this solve the problem? Will economics solve everything?
373
885260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
14:48
Well I'm afraid not.
374
888260
2000
์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
There is an area that is the oceans, coral reefs.
375
890260
3000
๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
As you can see,
376
893260
2000
๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
14:55
they cut across the entire globe
377
895260
2000
์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
all the way from Micronesia
378
897260
2000
์ € ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋„ค์‹œ์•„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
14:59
across Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Madagascar
379
899260
3000
์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„, ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์ง€์•„, ์ธ๋„, ๋งˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์นด๋ฅด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
15:02
and to the West of the Caribbean.
380
902260
2000
์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ์ œ๋„ ์„œ์ชฝ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
These red dots, these red areas,
381
904260
2000
์ด ๋นจ๋ž€ ์ ๋“ค์€, ์ด ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์€,
15:06
basically provide the food and livelihood
382
906260
2000
5์–ต ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ
15:08
for more than half a billion people.
383
908260
2000
์‹๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
So that's almost an eighth of society.
384
910260
3000
5์–ต์ด๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 8%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
And the sad thing is that, as these coral reefs are lost --
385
913260
3000
์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
15:16
and scientists tell us
386
916260
2000
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค ๋ง์€
15:18
that any level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere above 350 parts per million
387
918260
3000
๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์— ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ 350ppm์„ ๋„˜์œผ๋ฉด
15:21
is too dangerous for the survival of these reefs --
388
921260
3000
์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉธ์ข…ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
15:24
we are not only risking the extinction
389
924260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
15:26
of the entire coral species, the warm water corals,
390
926260
2000
๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ ์ข…์˜ ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
15:28
we're not only risking a fourth of all fish species which are in the oceans,
391
928260
4000
๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ข…๋“ค์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1์„ ์žƒ์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
15:32
but we are risking the very lives and livelihoods
392
932260
2000
๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ
15:34
of more than 500 million people
393
934260
3000
5์–ต ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
15:37
who live in the developing world in poor countries.
394
937260
3000
์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
So in selecting targets of 450 parts per million
395
940260
3000
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ 450ppm์ด๋ผ๋Š”
15:43
and selecting two degrees at the climate negotiations,
396
943260
3000
๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ 2๋„ ์ดํ•˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ
15:46
what we have done is we've made an ethical choice.
397
946260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
We've actually kind of made an ethical choice in society
398
949260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š”
15:52
to not have coral reefs.
399
952260
2000
๋น„์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
15:54
Well what I will say to you in parting
400
954260
2000
์ด ์—ฐ๋‹จ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€
15:56
is that we may have done that.
401
956260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
Let's think about it and what it means,
402
958260
2000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:00
but please, let's not do more of that.
403
960260
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ป˜์š”. ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:02
Because mother nature only has that much
404
962260
2000
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ
16:04
in ecological infrastructure and that much natural capital.
405
964260
3000
์ž์—ฐ์ž๋ณธ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
I don't think we can afford too much of such ethical choices.
406
967260
3000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
Thank you.
407
970260
2000
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
(Applause)
408
972260
12000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7