Leyla Acaroglu: Paper beats plastic? How to rethink environmental folklore

276,153 views ใƒป 2014-02-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kevin Jin ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So imagine, you're in the supermarket,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:15
you're buying some groceries,
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ด ๋•Œ,
00:16
and you get given the option
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๋น„๋‹๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋ƒ ์ข…์ด๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋ƒ
00:18
for a plastic or a paper shopping bag.
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ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Which one do you choose if you want to do
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
00:24
the right thing by the environment?
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:26
Most people do pick the paper.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ข…์ด๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Okay, let's think of why.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:29
It's brown to start with.
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์šฐ์„  ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์ด๋„ค์š”.
00:31
Therefore, it must be good for the environment.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
It's biodegradable. It's reusable.
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์ž์—ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
In some cases, it's recyclable.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„  ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
So when people are looking at the plastic bag,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋น„๋‹๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
00:40
it's likely they're thinking of something like this,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
00:43
which we all know is absolutely terrible,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ”ผํ•ด๋Š”
00:45
and we should be avoiding at all expenses
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋„
00:47
these kinds of environmental damages.
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ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
But people are often not thinking
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด
00:52
of something like this,
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ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
00:54
which is the other end of the spectrum.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋†“์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
When we produce materials,
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ• ๋•Œ,
00:59
we need to extract them from the environment,
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
and we need a whole bunch of environmental impacts.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
You see, what happens is, when we need
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
01:07
to make complex choices,
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
01:09
us humans like really simple solutions,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ
01:11
and so we often ask for simple solutions.
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์ž์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
And I work in design.
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์ €๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
I advise designers
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์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ 
01:17
and innovators around sustainability,
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์™€ ํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธํ•˜๋ฉด,
01:19
and everyone always says to me, "Oh Leyla,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
I just want the eco-materials."
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โ€œ์˜ค, ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ผ, ๋‚œ ๊ทธ์ € ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ."
01:23
And I say, "Well, that's very complex,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ €๋Š”,โ€œ์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์š”.
01:25
and we'll have to spend four hours talking about
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋งŒ
01:27
what exactly an eco-material means,
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4์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:29
because everything at some point
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ
01:31
comes from nature,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ ,
01:33
and it's how you use the material
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:35
that dictates the environmental impact.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ ."
01:38
So what happens is, we have to rely
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
01:40
on some sort of intuitive framework
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ‹€์—
01:42
when we make decisions.
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์˜์กดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
So I like to call that intuitive framework
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ‹€์„
01:46
our environmental folklore.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†์„ค์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
It's either the little voice at the back of your head,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:51
or it's that gut feeling you get
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์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
01:53
when you've done the right thing,
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์ง๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
so when you've picked the paper bag
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ข…์ด๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
01:56
or when you've bought a fuel-efficient car.
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์—ฐ๋น„ ์ข‹์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:59
And environmental folklore is a really important thing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:02
because we're trying to do the right thing.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์„ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
But how do we know if we're actually
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ
02:07
reducing the net environmental impacts
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด
02:09
that our actions as individuals and as professionals
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์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ˆœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„
02:13
and as a society are actually having
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
02:15
on the natural environment?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:18
So the thing about environmental folklore is
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์„ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:20
it tends to be based on our experiences,
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ํƒ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ์—
02:22
the things we've heard from other people.
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๊ทผ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
It doesn't tend to be based on any scientific framework.
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๊ณผํ•™์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
And this is really hard, because we live
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฒด์ œ ์†์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:28
in incredibly complex systems.
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์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
We have the human systems
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งบ๋Š”
02:31
of how we communicate and interrelate
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๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:33
and have our whole constructed society,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:36
We have the industrial systems, which is essentially the entire economy,
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์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:40
and then all of that has to operate
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฒด์ œ์™€
02:41
within the biggest system,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
02:43
and, I would argue, the most important,
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
02:45
the ecosystem.
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
And you see, the choices that we make
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์€
02:49
as an individual,
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๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:50
but the choices that we make
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ง์—… ์•ˆ์—์„œ
02:51
in every single job that we have,
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ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์€
02:53
no matter how high or low you are in the pecking order,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋Š ๊ณ„์ธต์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—
02:56
has an impact on all of these systems.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒด์ œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
And the thing is that we have to find ways
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ
03:01
if we're actually going to address sustainability
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์—ฐ๊ด€์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์ข… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด์ต์— ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
03:03
of interlocking those complex systems
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์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:07
and making better choices that result
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
03:09
in net environmental gains.
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์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
What we need to do is we need to learn
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
๋” ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
to do more with less.
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03:16
We have an increasing population,
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:18
and everybody likes their mobile phones,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
03:19
especially in this situation here.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
So we need to find innovative ways of solving some of these problems that we face.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
And that's where this process called life cycle thinking comes in.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
So essentially, everything that is created
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
03:32
goes through a series of life cycle stages,
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ณ 
03:34
and we use this scientific process
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
03:36
called life cycle assessment,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”,
03:38
or in America, you guys say life cycle analysis,
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๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:40
in order to have a clearer picture of how
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์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
03:44
everything that we do in the technical part of those systems
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์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
03:48
affects the natural environment.
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๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
So we go all the way back
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ถ”์ถœ๋กœ
03:51
to the extraction of raw materials,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
03:54
and then we look at manufacturing,
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์ œ์กฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ณ 
03:56
we look at packaging and transportation,
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ํฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ์šด์†ก,
03:57
use, and end of life,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ƒ์• ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
and at every single one of these stages,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ,
04:02
the things that we do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
04:03
have an interaction with the natural environment,
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์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:05
and we can monitor how that interaction
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๊ทธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ์™€
04:08
is actually affecting the systems and services
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์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€
04:12
that make life on Earth possible.
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์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
And through doing this,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:15
we've learned some absolutely fascinating things.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
And we've busted a bunch of myths.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์‹ ์„ ๊นจ๋ถ€์ˆด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
So to start with, there's a word that's used a lot.
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์šฐ์„ , ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
It's used a lot in marketing,
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ํ™๋ณด์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ฃ .
04:28
and it's used a lot, I think, in our conversation
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:30
when we're talking about sustainability,
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๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
and that's the word biodegradability.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Now biodegradability is a material property;
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์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
04:39
it is not a definition of environmental benefits.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Allow me to explain.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
When something natural,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ,
04:46
something that's made from a cellulose fiber
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๋นต ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜, ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ,
04:48
like a piece of bread, even, or any food waste,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ข…์ด ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€
04:51
or even a piece of paper,
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์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:54
when something natural ends up
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์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์šฉ๋„์„ ๋‹คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:56
in the natural environment, it degrades normally.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
Its little carbon molecules that it stored up
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋Š”
05:00
as it was growing are naturally released
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์ž‘์€ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ
05:02
back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide,
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:05
but this is a net situation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
Most natural things
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:08
don't actually end up in nature.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Most of the things, the waste that we produce, end up in landfill.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค๋ฆฝ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Landfill is a different environment.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋งค๋ฆฝ์žฅ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
In landfill, those same carbon molecules
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋งค๋ฆฝ์žฅ์—์„œ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด
05:18
degrade in a different way,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:19
because a landfill is anaerobic.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋งค๋ฆฝ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
It's got no oxygen. It's tightly compacted and hot.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ๋นฝ๋นฝํžˆ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋œจ๊ฒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Those same molecules, they become methane,
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๋™์ผํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ๋˜๊ณ 
05:27
and methane is a 25 times more potent
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค 25๋ฐฐ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ
05:30
greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
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์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
So our old lettuces and products
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž์—ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋œ
05:36
that we have thrown out that are made
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ
05:37
out of biodegradable materials,
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์‹œ๋“  ์ƒ์ถ”๋‚˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด
05:39
if they end up in landfill,
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋งค๋ฆฝ์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:41
contribute to climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
You see, there are facilities now
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์ž, ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์„ ๋ชจ์•„
05:44
that can actually capture that methane
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๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด์„œ
05:46
and generate power,
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ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ
05:47
displacing the need for fossil fuel power,
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๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:50
but we need to be smart about this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
We need to identify how we can start to leverage
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
05:55
these types of things that are already happening
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์ง€๋ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”
05:57
and start to design systems and services
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์ฒด์ œ์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
05:59
that alleviate these problems.
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์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Because right now, what people do is they turn around and they say,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š”
06:04
"Let's ban plastic bags. We'll give people paper
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โ€œ๋น„๋‹๋ด‰์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋” ์ข‹์€
06:06
because that is better for the environment."
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์ข…์ด๋ด‰์ง€๋ฅผ ์”์‹œ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
But if you're throwing it in the bin,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต์— ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:10
and your local landfill facility
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋งค๋ฆฝ์‹œ์„ค์ด
06:11
is just a normal one,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
06:14
then we're having what's called a double negative.
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์†Œ์œ„ ๊ฐ‘์ ˆ์˜ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
I'm a product designer by trade.
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ์—… ์ œํ’ˆ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
I then did social science.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
06:23
And so I'm absolutely fascinated
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์žฌ์™€
06:24
by consumer goods and how the consumer goods
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๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์„
06:26
that we have kind of become immune to
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์ฑ„์›Œ์ฃผ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์—ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—
06:28
that fill our lives
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:30
have an impact on the natural environment.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
And these guys are, like, serial offenders,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
and I'm pretty sure everyone in this room
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ
06:36
has a refrigerator.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Now America has this amazing ability
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ
06:39
to keep growing refrigerators.
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์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
In the last few years, they've grown one cubic foot
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1978
์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์‚ฌ์ด, ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ
06:43
on average, the standard size
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 1 ์ž…๋ฐฉํ”ผํŠธ
06:45
of a refrigerator.
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์ปค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
And the problem is, they're so big now,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ปค์„œ
06:49
it's easier for us to buy more food
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋จน์ง€๋„, ์ฐพ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
06:51
that we can't eat or find.
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์Œ์‹์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ, ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
I mean, I have things at the back of my refrigerator
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ˆ ์ชฝ์— ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
06:55
that have been there for years, all right?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌตํ˜€ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์š”, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
06:57
And so what happens is, we waste more food.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
And as I was just explaining, food waste is a problem.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:03
In fact, here in the U.S., 40 percent
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ
07:06
of food purchased for the home is wasted.
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๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ์Œ์‹์˜ 40%๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Half of the world's produced food is wasted.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์Œ์‹์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
That's the latest U.N. stats. Up to half of the food.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ์—”ํ†ต๊ณ„๋กœ, ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
It's insane. It's 1.3 billion tons of food per annum.
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๋ฏธ์นœ ์ง“์ด์ฃ . ๋งค๋…„ 13์–ตํ†ค์˜ ์Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
And I blame it on the refrigerator,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ํƒ“์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ
07:23
well, especially in Western cultures,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์žˆ์–ด,
07:24
because it makes it easier.
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
I mean, there's a lot of complex systems going on here.
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
I don't want to make it so simplistic.
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
But the refrigerator is a serious contributor to this,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ ์ œ๊ณต์ž์ธ๋ฐ
07:33
and one of the features of it
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๊ทธ ํŠน์ง• ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
07:35
is the crisper drawer.
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ฑ„ ์„œ๋ž ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
You all got crisper drawers?
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ฑ„ ์„œ๋ž ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ์ฃ ?
07:39
The drawer that you put your lettuces in?
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์ƒ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋†“๋Š” ์•ผ์ฑ„์„œ๋ž์ด์š”?
07:41
Lettuces have a habit of going soggy
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์ƒ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ฑ„ ์„œ๋ž์—์„œ
07:42
in the crisper drawers, don't they?
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์ณ์ง€๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
07:44
Yeah? Soggy lettuces?
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๋„ค? ์ณ์ง„ ์ƒ์ถ”์š”?
07:46
In the U.K., this is such a problem
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
07:48
that there was a government report a few years ago
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—์„œ
07:49
that actually said the second biggest offender
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์˜๊ตญ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๋ฒ”์ธ๋Š”
07:52
of wasted food in the U.K. is the soggy lettuce.
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์ณ์ง„ ์ƒ์ถ”๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
It was called the Soggy Lettuce Report.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ โ€˜์ณ์ง„ ์ƒ์ถ” ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œโ€™ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:57
Okay? So this is a problem, people.
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๋๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
07:59
These poor little lettuces are getting thrown out
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์ด ๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ์ƒ์ถ”๋Š” ์™ผ์ชฝ, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ, ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—
08:02
left, right and center because the crisper drawers
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๋˜์ ธ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ฑ„์„œ๋ž์€
08:03
are not designed to actually keep things crisp.
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์ƒ์พŒํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Okay. You need a tight environment.
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๋„ค. ๋ง‰ํžŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
You need, like, an airless environment
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์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:10
to prevent the degrading that would happen naturally.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
But the crisper drawers, they're just a drawer
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ฑ„์„œ๋ž์€
08:15
with a slightly better seal.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๊ฝ‰ ๋‹ซํžŒ ์„œ๋ž์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Anyway, I'm clearly obsessed.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:19
Don't ever invite me over because I'll just start going through your refrigerator
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์™€
08:22
and looking at all sorts of things like that.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:23
But essentially, this is a big problem.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
Because when we lose something like the lettuce from the system,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ์ƒ์ถ” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋†“์ณ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ,
08:28
not only do we have that impact I just explained at the end of life,
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์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:32
but we actually have had to grow that lettuce.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒ์ถ”๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
The life cycle impact of that lettuce is astronomical.
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๊ทธ ์ƒ์ถ”์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
We've had to clear land.
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๋•…์„ ๊ฐˆ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:39
We've had to plant seeds, phosphorus,
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์”จ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ ,
08:41
fertilizers, nutrients, water, sunlight.
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์ธ, ๋น„๋ฃŒ, ์˜์–‘์†Œ, ๋ฌผ, ํ–‡๋น›์„ ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
All of the embodied impacts in that lettuce
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๊ทธ ์ƒ์ถ”์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
08:45
get lost from the system,
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์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:47
which makes it a far bigger environmental impact
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†์‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:50
than the loss of the energy from the fridge.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋” ํฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
So we need to design things like this far better
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ ค๋ฉด
08:57
if we're going to start addressing serious environmental problems.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
We could start with the crisper drawer and the size.
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ฑ„์„œ๋ž๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ 
09:01
For those of you in the room who do design fridges,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์— ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
09:03
that would be great.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
The problem is, imagine if we
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:08
actually started to reconsider how we designed things.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:10
So I look at the refrigerator as a sign of modernity,
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์„ฑ์˜ ํ‘œ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ
09:14
but we actually haven't really changed the design
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1950๋…„๋Œ€ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„
09:16
of them that much since the 1950s.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
A little bit, but essentially they're still big boxes,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํฐ ์ƒ์ž์ด๊ณ 
09:22
cold boxes that we store stuff in.
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์ƒ์ž์ฃ .
09:24
So imagine if we actually really started
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
09:26
to identify these problems and use that
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ’ˆ๊ฒฉ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:29
as the foundation for finding innovative and elegant
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์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
09:32
design solutions that will solve those problems.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:36
This is design-led system change,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ด๊ณ ,
09:38
design dictating the way in which the system
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์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:42
can be far more sustainable.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
Forty percent food waste is a major problem.
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40%์˜ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
Imagine if we designed fridges that halved that.
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:51
Another item that I find fascinating
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์€
09:53
is the electric tea kettle,
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ฐจ์ฃผ์ „์ž์ธ๋ฐ
09:54
which I found out that
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ฃผ์ „์ž๋ฅผ
09:56
you don't do tea kettles in this country, really, do you?
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋˜๋ฐ, ์ง„์งœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฐ€์š”?
09:59
But that's really big in the U.K.
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
Ninety-seven percent of households
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ 97%๊ฐ€
10:03
in the United Kingdom own an electric tea kettle.
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ฐจ์ฃผ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
So they're very popular.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:08
And, I mean, if I were to work with a design firm
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๋งŒ์ผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:11
or a designer, and they were designing one of these,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:13
and they wanted to do it eco,
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด,
10:14
they'd usually ask me two things.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
They'd say, "Leyla, how do I make it technically efficient?"
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โ€œ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ผ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?โ€
10:19
Because obviously energy's a problem with this product.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Or, "How do I make it green materials?
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ํ˜น์€, โ€œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
10:25
How do I make the materials green
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
10:28
in the manufacturing?"
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?โ€
10:30
Would you ask me those questions?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:32
They seem logical, right? Yeah.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋„ค.
10:35
Well I'd say, "You're looking at the wrong problems."
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โ€œ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
Because the problem is with use.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:39
It's with how people use the product.
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์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
Sixty-five percent of Brits
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์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ 65%๊ฐ€
10:44
admit to over-filling their kettle
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์ฐจ ํ•œ ์ž”๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„
10:46
when they only need one cup of tea.
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์ฃผ์ „์ž์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฑ„์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
All of this extra water that's being boiled
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๋“์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฌผ์ด
10:52
requires energy, and it's been calculated
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:56
that in one day of extra energy use
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์ฃผ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋“์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
10:59
from boiling kettles
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์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”
11:00
is enough to light all of the streetlights
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ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถˆ์„
11:03
in England for a night.
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๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
But this is the thing.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
11:08
This is what I call a product-person failure.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ-์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‹คํŒจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
But we've got a product-system failure going on with these little guys,
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ-์ฒด์ œ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:12
and they're so ubiquitous, you don't even notice they're there.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ”ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ์•Œ์•„ ์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
And this guy over here, though, he does. He's named Simon.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
Simon works for the national electricity company in the U.K.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์€ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ „๋ ฅํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
He has a very important job of monitoring
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ •์— ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋„๋ก
11:24
all of the electricity coming into the system
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
11:26
to make sure there is enough
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๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
so it powers everybody's homes.
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11:30
He's also watching television.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „๋„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
The reason is because there's a unique
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์™œ๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” TV์‡ผ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
11:34
phenomenon that happens in the U.K.
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”
11:35
the moment that very popular TV shows end.
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๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
The minute the ad break comes on,
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
11:42
this man has to rush
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
11:44
to buy nuclear power from France,
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ํ•ต์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:47
because everybody turns their kettles on
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฐจ ์ฃผ์ „์ž ์ „์›์„
11:50
at the same time.
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์ผœ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:54
1.5 million kettles, seriously problematic.
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1๋ฐฑ5์‹ญ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ „์ž, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
12:00
So imagine if you designed kettles,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฃผ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:03
you actually found a way to solve these system failures,
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:06
because this is a huge amount of pressure
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—
12:09
on the system,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ 
12:10
just because the product hasn't thought about the problem
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์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”
12:14
that it's going to have when it exists in the world.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
Now, I looked at a number of kettles available on the market,
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์ž, ์ €๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ดค๊ณ 
12:18
and found the minimum fill lines,
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ํ•œ ์ปต์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:20
so the little piece of information that tells you
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๋ฌผ ๋‘ ์ปต๊ณผ 5์™€ 2๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ปต ์‚ฌ์ด์—
12:22
how much you need to put in there,
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์ตœ์†Œ๋งž์ถค์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:23
was between two and a five-and-a-half cups of water
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์„
12:26
just to make one cup of tea.
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๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
So this kettle here is an example of one where
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ฃผ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด
12:32
it actually has two reservoirs.
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์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
One's a boiling chamber, and one's the water holder.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋“์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์€ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
The user actually has to push that button
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋“์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:39
to get their hot water boiled,
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
12:41
which means, because we're all lazy,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:42
you only fill exactly what you need.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
And this is what I call behavior-changing products:
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™”์ œํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
12:47
products, systems or services
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์ œํ’ˆ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ˜น์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”
12:49
that intervene and solve these problems up front.
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๋‹น๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Now, this is a technology arena,
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๊ณ 
12:55
so obviously these things are quite popular,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฝค ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜,
12:57
but I think if we're going to keep
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
12:59
designing, buying and using and throwing out
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ์†๋„๋กœ
13:02
these kinds of products at the rate we currently do,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„
13:04
which is astronomically high,
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๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:06
there are seven billion people
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” 70์–ต๋ช…์˜
13:08
who live in the world right now.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
There are six billion mobile phone subscriptions
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์ž‘๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 60์–ต๊ฐœ์˜
13:11
as of last year.
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
Every single year, 1.5 billion mobile phones
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๋งค๋…„, 15์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€
13:19
roll off production lines,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
13:20
and some companies report their production rate
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์–ด๋–ค ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด ์ถœ์ƒ๋ฅ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ 
13:22
as being greater than the human birth rate.
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๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
One hundred fifty-two million phones were thrown out in the U.S. last year;
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1์–ต5์ฒœ2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
13:27
only 11 percent were recycled.
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๋‹จ์ง€ 11%๊ฐ€ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
I'm from Australia. We have a population of 22 million -- don't laugh --
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ 2์ฒœ 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์ธ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€”์›ƒ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”--
13:33
and it's been reported that 22 million phones
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2์ฒœ 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
13:36
are in people's drawers.
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์„œ๋ž ์†์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
We need to find ways of solving the problems around this,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
13:42
because these things are so complicated.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
They have so much locked up inside them.
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์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
Gold! Did you know that it's actually cheaper now
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๊ธˆ! ๋‚ก์€ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ 1ํ†ค์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธˆ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:52
to get gold out of a ton of old mobile phones
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๊ธˆ๊ด‘์„ 1ํ†ค์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค
13:56
than it is out of a ton of gold ore?
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๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:59
There's a number of highly complex and valuable
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ’์–ด์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:01
materials embodied inside these things,
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
14:03
so we need to find ways of encouraging disassembly,
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๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
14:05
because this is otherwise what happens.
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์•ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:08
This is a community in Ghana,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ๋ฐ,
14:09
and e-waste is reported, or electronic waste
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e-ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ํ˜น์€ ํ์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ์ด
14:11
is reported by the U.N.
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5์ฒœ๋งŒํ†ค ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
14:13
as being up to 50 million tons trafficked.
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์œ ์—”์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
This is how they get the gold
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ท€ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
14:18
and the other valuable materials out.
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์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
They burn the electronic waste
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๋นˆ ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํ์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ์„
14:21
in open spaces.
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ํƒœ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
These are communities, and this is happening all over the world.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์ด๊ณ , ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
And because we don't see the ramifications
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ, ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€, ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋กœ์„œ
14:29
of the choices that we make as designers,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
14:31
as businesspeople, as consumers,
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์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
14:33
then these kinds of externalities happen,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
14:35
and these are people's lives.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
So we need to find smarter, more systems-based,
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
14:42
innovative solutions to these problems,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜
14:45
if we're going to start to live sustainably within this world.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
So imagine if, when you bought your mobile phone,
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ,
14:52
your new one because you replaced your old one --
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋˜์–ด์„œ
14:54
after 15 to 18 months is the average time
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 15~18๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์—
14:56
that people replace their phones, by the way โ€”
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์ƒˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์–ด์จŒ๋“ -
14:58
so if we're going to keep this kind of expedient
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŽธ์˜์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ
15:01
mobile phone replacing, then we should
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๊ต์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๋˜์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:04
be looking at closing the loop on these systems.
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœํ์‡„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
The people who produce these phones,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
15:08
and some of which I'm sure are in the room right now,
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์ด ๊ณณ์— ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
15:09
could potentially look at doing what we call closed-loop systems,
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์†Œ์œ„ ํ์‡„ํšŒ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‚˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์„
15:12
or product system services,
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๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
15:14
so identifying that there is a market demand
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์‹œ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š”
15:16
and that market demand's not going to go anywhere,
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๊ณ„์† ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
15:18
so you design the product to solve the problem.
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๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
Design for disassembly, design for light-weighting.
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๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ, ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ ๋””์ž์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
We heard some of those kinds of strategies
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ…Œ์Šฌ๋ผ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์Šค ์ž๋™์ฐจ์—์„œ
15:26
being used in the Tesla Motors car today.
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์ด ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
These kinds of approaches are not hard,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
but understanding the system
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜
15:32
and then looking for viable, market-driven
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์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ˆ˜์š” ๋Œ€์ฒด์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋Š”
15:36
consumer demand alternatives
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
15:38
is how we can start radically altering
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์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฅผ
15:40
the sustainability agenda,
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฐ,
15:42
because I hate to break it to you all:
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
15:44
Consumption is the biggest problem.
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์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ 
15:47
But design is one of the best solutions.
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๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
These kinds of products are everywhere.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
By identifying alternative ways of doing things,
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๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ธ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
15:57
we can actually start to innovate,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:59
and I say actually start to innovate.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
I'm sure everyone in this room is very innovative.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
But in the regards to using sustainability
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
16:05
as a parameter, as a criteria
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์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„œ
16:08
for fueling systems-based solutions,
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์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
16:12
because as I've just demonstrated with these simple products,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด
16:15
they're participating in these major problems.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
So we need to look across the entire life
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์‚ถ์„
16:20
of the things that we do.
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๋ฐ”๋ผ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
If you just had paper or plastic --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„๋‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:24
obviously reusable is far more beneficial --
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์œ ์ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
16:26
then the paper is worse,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ข…์ด๋Š” ๋” ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
16:30
and the paper is worse because it weighs
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์ข…์ด๋Š” ๋น„๋‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค 4๋ฐฐ์—์„œ 10๋ฐฐ
16:32
four to 10 times more than the plastic,
412
992371
2104
๋” ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
16:34
and when we actually compare, from a life cycle perspective,
413
994475
2367
์ƒ๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด,
16:36
a kilo of plastic and a kilo of paper,
414
996842
2690
1ํ‚ฌ๋กœ์˜ ๋น„๋‹๊ณผ 1ํ‚ฌ๋กœ์˜ ์ข…์ด๋Š”
16:39
the paper is far better,
415
999532
1646
์ข…์ด๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ซ์ง€๋งŒ,
16:41
but the functionality of a plastic or a paper bag
416
1001178
2540
์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์„ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€
16:43
to carry your groceries home is not done with a kilo of each material.
417
1003718
3615
๊ฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
It's done with a very small amount of plastic
418
1007333
1969
์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋น„๋‹๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ข…์ด๋กœ
16:49
and quite a lot more paper.
419
1009302
1693
๋˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
Because functionality defines environmental impact,
420
1010995
2958
๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:53
and I said earlier that the designers always ask me for the eco-materials.
421
1013953
2833
๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .
16:56
I say, there's only a few materials that you should completely avoid.
422
1016786
3024
์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ”ผํ•  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
The rest of them, it's all about application,
423
1019831
1899
๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์‘์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
17:01
and at the end of the day, everything we design and produce in the economy
424
1021730
3019
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
17:04
or buy as consumers is done so for function.
425
1024749
2340
์†Œ๋น„์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
We want something, therefore we buy it.
426
1027089
2117
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
So breaking things back down and delivering
427
1029206
3156
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ’ˆ๊ฒฉ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
17:12
smartly, elegantly, sophisticated solutions
428
1032362
3999
์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์• 
17:16
that take into consideration the entire system
429
1036361
2797
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ, ์ถ”์ถœ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
17:19
and the entire life of the thing, everything,
430
1039158
3095
์ƒ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ
17:22
all the way back to the extraction through to the end of life,
431
1042253
2836
์ •๊ตํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
17:25
we can start to actually find really innovative solutions.
432
1045089
2802
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
And I'll just leave you with one very quick thing
433
1047891
2070
์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ
17:29
that a designer said to me recently who I work with, a senior designer.
434
1049961
3857
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
I said, "How come you're not doing sustainability? I know you know this."
435
1053818
3098
โ€œ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ ์™œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜์ž,
17:36
And he said, "Well, recently I pitched a sustainability project to a client,
436
1056916
4012
๊ทธ๋Š”, โ€œ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
17:40
and turned and he said to me,
437
1060928
1941
๋Œ์•„์„œ์ž ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด,
17:42
'I know it's going to cost less,
438
1062869
1765
โ€˜๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
17:44
I know it's going to sell more,
439
1064634
1618
๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํŒ”๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
17:46
but we're not pioneers, because pioneers have arrows in their backs.'"
440
1066252
4473
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”,
๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž ์š•๋จน๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.'"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
17:50
I think we've got a roomful of pioneers,
441
1070725
2217
์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๋“ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
and I hope there are far more pioneers out there, because we need to solve these problems.
442
1072942
3054
๋ฐ–์—๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž˜์š”,
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:56
Thank you.
443
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1407
17:57
(Applause)
444
1077434
4776
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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