Leyla Acaroglu: Paper beats plastic? How to rethink environmental folklore

277,014 views ・ 2014-02-11

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Kevin Jin κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So imagine, you're in the supermarket,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μŠˆνΌλ§ˆμΌ“μ— μžˆλ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:15
you're buying some groceries,
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μ‹λ£Œν’ˆμ„ μ‚΄ λ•Œ,
00:16
and you get given the option
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λΉ„λ‹λ΄‰νˆ¬λƒ μ’…μ΄λ΄‰νˆ¬λƒ
00:18
for a plastic or a paper shopping bag.
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ν•˜λŠ” 선택이 μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
Which one do you choose if you want to do
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ν™˜κ²½μ„ μœ„ν•˜λŠ” μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 일을 ν•˜λ €λ©΄
00:24
the right thing by the environment?
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μ–΄λŠ 것을 μ„ νƒν•˜μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:26
Most people do pick the paper.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ’…μ΄λ΄‰νˆ¬λ₯Ό νƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
Okay, let's think of why.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, κ·Έ μ΄μœ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:29
It's brown to start with.
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μš°μ„  κ°ˆμƒ‰μ΄λ„€μš”.
00:31
Therefore, it must be good for the environment.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν™˜κ²½μ— 쒋을 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
It's biodegradable. It's reusable.
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μžμ—°λΆ„ν•΄ 될 수 있고 μž¬μ‚¬μš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
In some cases, it's recyclable.
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κ²½μš°μ— 따라선 μž¬ν™œμš©λ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
So when people are looking at the plastic bag,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λΉ„λ‹λ΄‰νˆ¬λ₯Ό λ³Ό λ•Œ,
00:40
it's likely they're thinking of something like this,
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μ•„μ£Ό λ”μ°ν•œ κ²ƒλ§Œ λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬κ²Œ 되고,
00:43
which we all know is absolutely terrible,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이런 ν™˜κ²½ ν”Όν•΄λŠ”
00:45
and we should be avoiding at all expenses
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무슨 일이 μžˆμ–΄λ„
00:47
these kinds of environmental damages.
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ν”Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
But people are often not thinking
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이런 생각이
00:52
of something like this,
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ν•œ μͺ½ κ·Ήλ‹¨μ΄λΌλŠ”
00:54
which is the other end of the spectrum.
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사싀은 μ’…μ’… λ†“μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
When we produce materials,
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λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ 생산 ν• λ•Œ,
00:59
we need to extract them from the environment,
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μžμ—°μ—μ„œ μΆ”μΆœν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
and we need a whole bunch of environmental impacts.
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ν™˜κ²½μ˜ 영ν–₯을 많이 λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
You see, what happens is, when we need
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό,
01:07
to make complex choices,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 선택을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œ
01:09
us humans like really simple solutions,
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우리 인간은 μ§€κ·Ήνžˆ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 해결책을 μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μ„œ
01:11
and so we often ask for simple solutions.
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자주 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 해결책을 μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
And I work in design.
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μ €λŠ” λ””μžμΈ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
I advise designers
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지속가λŠ₯성을 κ³ λ €ν•˜λΌκ³ 
01:17
and innovators around sustainability,
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λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆμ™€ ν˜μ‹ κ°€μ—κ²Œ μ‘°μ–Έν•˜λ©΄,
01:19
and everyone always says to me, "Oh Leyla,
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λͺ¨λ‘ 항상 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
I just want the eco-materials."
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β€œμ˜€, 레일라, λ‚œ κ·Έμ € μΉœν™˜κ²½μž¬λ£Œλ₯Ό 원할 뿐이야."
01:23
And I say, "Well, that's very complex,
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그럼 μ €λŠ”,β€œμŒ, 그건 μ•„μ£Ό λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μš”.
01:25
and we'll have to spend four hours talking about
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μΉœν™˜κ²½μž¬λ£Œκ°€ 무엇인지 μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 데만
01:27
what exactly an eco-material means,
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4μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ±Έλ¦¬κ±°λ“ μš”.
01:29
because everything at some point
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ λ©΄μ—μ„œ
01:31
comes from nature,
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λͺ¨λ“  것은 μžμ—°μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‚˜μ˜€κ³ ,
01:33
and it's how you use the material
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ν™˜κ²½μ— 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” 것은
01:35
that dictates the environmental impact.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 문제이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ ."
01:38
So what happens is, we have to rely
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œ,
01:40
on some sort of intuitive framework
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μ–΄λ–€ 직관적인 사고 틀에
01:42
when we make decisions.
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μ˜μ‘΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
So I like to call that intuitive framework
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μ €λŠ” 이런 직관적인 사고 틀을
01:46
our environmental folklore.
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ν™˜κ²½μ— λŒ€ν•œ 속섀이라 λΆ€λ₯΄κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
It's either the little voice at the back of your head,
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그것은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λ¨Έλ¦Ώμ†μ˜ μž‘μ€ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
01:51
or it's that gut feeling you get
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μ˜³μ€ 일을 ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ κ°€μ§€λŠ”
01:53
when you've done the right thing,
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직감 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
so when you've picked the paper bag
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ’…μ΄λ΄‰νˆ¬λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν–ˆμ„ λ•Œλ‚˜
01:56
or when you've bought a fuel-efficient car.
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μ—°λΉ„ 쒋은 μžλ™μ°¨λ₯Ό κ΅¬λ§€ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” 것이죠.
01:59
And environmental folklore is a really important thing
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°”λ₯Έ 일을 ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:02
because we're trying to do the right thing.
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ν™˜κ²½ 속섀은 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
But how do we know if we're actually
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그런데 κ°œμΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ, μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ‘œμ„œ
02:07
reducing the net environmental impacts
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그리고 μ‚¬νšŒλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 우리의 행동이
02:09
that our actions as individuals and as professionals
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μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μˆœν™˜κ²½μ˜ν–₯을
02:13
and as a society are actually having
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 쀄이고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
02:15
on the natural environment?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:18
So the thing about environmental folklore is
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ν™˜κ²½ μ†μ„€μ΄λΌλŠ” 것은
02:20
it tends to be based on our experiences,
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κ²½ν—˜μ΄λ‚˜ νƒ€μΈμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 듀은 것에
02:22
the things we've heard from other people.
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근간을 λ‘λ €λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
It doesn't tend to be based on any scientific framework.
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과학적 사고에 κ·Όκ±°ν•˜λ € ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
And this is really hard, because we live
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 맀우 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 체제 속에 μ‚΄κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:28
in incredibly complex systems.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄λ €μš΄ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
We have the human systems
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œν†΅ν•˜κ³  μ„œλ‘œ 관계 λ§ΊλŠ”
02:31
of how we communicate and interrelate
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λ‚˜λ¦„μ˜ μ²΄μ œμ„ κ°–κ³  있고,
02:33
and have our whole constructed society,
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ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ κ±΄μ„€λœ μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ‚΄κ³  있으며,
02:36
We have the industrial systems, which is essentially the entire economy,
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전체 κ²½μ œμ— ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ μ‚°μ—…μ²΄μ œλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ”λ°
02:40
and then all of that has to operate
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ²΄μ œμ™€
02:41
within the biggest system,
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μ œκ°€ μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ”, κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ
02:43
and, I would argue, the most important,
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μƒνƒœκ³„ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
02:45
the ecosystem.
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λŒμ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
And you see, the choices that we make
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 선택은
02:49
as an individual,
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κ°œλ³„μ μΈ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
02:50
but the choices that we make
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우리의 각 κ°œλ³„ 직업 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
02:51
in every single job that we have,
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ν•œ 선택은
02:53
no matter how high or low you are in the pecking order,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λŠ 계측에 속해 μžˆλ“ μ§€ 간에
02:56
has an impact on all of these systems.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  μ²΄μ œμ— 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
And the thing is that we have to find ways
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λ§Œμ•½μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그런 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 체제λ₯Ό
03:01
if we're actually going to address sustainability
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μ—°κ΄€μ‹œν‚€κ±°λ‚˜ μ΅œμ’… ν™˜κ²½μ΄μ΅μ— 더 λ‚˜μ€ 선택을 ν•˜λŠ”
03:03
of interlocking those complex systems
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지속가λŠ₯성을 닀루렀 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
03:07
and making better choices that result
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 방법을
03:09
in net environmental gains.
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μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
What we need to do is we need to learn
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일은
더 적은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ§Žμ€ 것을 ν•΄ λ‚΄λŠ” 것을 λ°°μš°λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
to do more with less.
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03:16
We have an increasing population,
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μΈκ΅¬λŠ” μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  있고
03:18
and everybody likes their mobile phones,
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특히 이런 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ
03:19
especially in this situation here.
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λͺ¨λ‘ νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™”λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
So we need to find innovative ways of solving some of these problems that we face.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§λ©΄ν•œ 이런 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ 방법을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
And that's where this process called life cycle thinking comes in.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 생λͺ…μ£ΌκΈ° μ‚¬κ³ λΌλŠ” 과정이 λ‚˜μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
So essentially, everything that is created
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근본적으둜, λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ λͺ¨λ“  것듀은
03:32
goes through a series of life cycle stages,
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일련의 생λͺ…μ£ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό 거치고
03:34
and we use this scientific process
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 생λͺ…주기평가 λ˜λŠ”
03:36
called life cycle assessment,
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” 생λͺ…주기뢄석이라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”,
03:38
or in America, you guys say life cycle analysis,
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과학적 과정을 μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ”λ°
03:40
in order to have a clearer picture of how
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체제의 기술적인 뢀뢄에 μžˆμ–΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀이
03:44
everything that we do in the technical part of those systems
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μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½μ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ
03:48
affects the natural environment.
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더 λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 그림을 μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
So we go all the way back
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ›μž¬λ£Œ μΆ”μΆœλ‘œ
03:51
to the extraction of raw materials,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ˜λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ
03:54
and then we look at manufacturing,
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제쑰 과정을 λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ 보고
03:56
we look at packaging and transportation,
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포μž₯κ³Ό μš΄μ†‘,
03:57
use, and end of life,
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μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μƒμ• κΉŒμ§€ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
and at every single one of these stages,
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이런 각각의 κ°œλ³„ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ,
04:02
the things that we do
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 것듀이
04:03
have an interaction with the natural environment,
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μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•˜κ³ 
04:05
and we can monitor how that interaction
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κ·Έ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ΄ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 삢을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” μ²΄μ œμ™€
04:08
is actually affecting the systems and services
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μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€
04:12
that make life on Earth possible.
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쑰사 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
And through doing this,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:15
we've learned some absolutely fascinating things.
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μ•„μ£Ό 맀λ ₯적인 것을 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
And we've busted a bunch of myths.
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그리고 λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ 미신을 κΉ¨λΆ€μˆ΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
So to start with, there's a word that's used a lot.
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μš°μ„ , 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 단어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
It's used a lot in marketing,
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ν™λ³΄μ—μ„œ 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 단어죠.
04:28
and it's used a lot, I think, in our conversation
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” 지속가λŠ₯성을 이야기할 λ•Œ,
04:30
when we're talking about sustainability,
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λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ 많이 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
and that's the word biodegradability.
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그것은 μƒλ¬ΌλΆ„ν•΄μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
Now biodegradability is a material property;
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생물뢄해성은 재료의 νŠΉμ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€;
04:39
it is not a definition of environmental benefits.
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그것은 ν™˜κ²½μ  ν˜œνƒμ„ λœ»ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
Allow me to explain.
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μ œκ°€ μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
When something natural,
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μ–΄λ–€ μžμ—°μ μΈ 것,
04:46
something that's made from a cellulose fiber
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λΉ΅ μ‘°κ°μ΄λ‚˜, μŒμ‹λ¬Ό μ“°λ ˆκΈ°,
04:48
like a piece of bread, even, or any food waste,
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심지어 쒅이 쑰각 같은
04:51
or even a piece of paper,
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μ„¬μœ μ†Œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μ–΄λ–€ 것이
04:54
when something natural ends up
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μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ κ·Έ μš©λ„μ„ λ‹€ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
04:56
in the natural environment, it degrades normally.
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일반적으둜 λΆ„ν•΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
Its little carbon molecules that it stored up
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그것이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜λ©΄μ„œ μΆ•μ λ˜λŠ”
05:00
as it was growing are naturally released
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μž‘μ€ νƒ„μ†Œ λΆ„μžκ°€ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ‘œ
05:02
back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide,
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μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λŒ€κΈ° 쀑에 λ°©μΆœλ˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:05
but this is a net situation.
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그것은 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
Most natural things
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μžμ—°μ μΈ 것은
05:08
don't actually end up in nature.
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μ‹€μ œ μžμ—°μ—μ„œ λλ‚˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
Most of the things, the waste that we produce, end up in landfill.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μƒμ„±λœ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λŠ” 맀립μž₯μ—μ„œ 끝이 λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
Landfill is a different environment.
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μ“°λ ˆκΈ° 맀립μž₯은 ν™˜κ²½μ΄ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
In landfill, those same carbon molecules
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μ“°λ ˆκΈ° 맀립μž₯μ—μ„œ, λ™μΌν•œ νƒ„μ†ŒλΆ„μžλ“€μ΄
05:18
degrade in a different way,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„ν•΄ λ˜λŠ”λ°
05:19
because a landfill is anaerobic.
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μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ§€λ¦½μž₯μ—λŠ” μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
It's got no oxygen. It's tightly compacted and hot.
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μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ μ—†κ³  빽빽히 λ°€μ§‘λ˜μ–΄ 있으며 λœ¨κ²μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
Those same molecules, they become methane,
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λ™μΌν•œ νƒ„μ†ŒλΆ„μžλ“€ 메탄이 되고
05:27
and methane is a 25 times more potent
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메탄은 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ 보닀 25λ°° 더 κ°•ν•œ
05:30
greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
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μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
So our old lettuces and products
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μžμ—°λΆ„ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 물질둜 된
05:36
that we have thrown out that are made
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 버린
05:37
out of biodegradable materials,
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μ‹œλ“  μƒμΆ”λ‚˜ μ œν’ˆλ“€μ΄
05:39
if they end up in landfill,
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μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ§€λ¦½μž₯에 κ°€κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
05:41
contribute to climate change.
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기후변화에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
You see, there are facilities now
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자, 메탄을 λͺ¨μ•„
05:44
that can actually capture that methane
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λ°œμ „ν•΄μ„œ
05:46
and generate power,
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ν™”μ„μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ μ „λ ₯ μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό
05:47
displacing the need for fossil fuel power,
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λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜λŠ” μ„€λΉ„κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
05:50
but we need to be smart about this.
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이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν˜„λͺ…ν•΄μ§ˆ ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
We need to identify how we can start to leverage
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이미 일어 λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 이런 것듀을
05:55
these types of things that are already happening
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μ§€λ ˆνš¨κ³Όλ‘œ 문제λ₯Ό μ™„ν™”ν•˜λŠ”
05:57
and start to design systems and services
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μ²΄μ œμ™€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‹œμž‘ν• μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄
05:59
that alleviate these problems.
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μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
Because right now, what people do is they turn around and they say,
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λ°”λ‘œ μ§€κΈˆ, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λΌκ³ λŠ”
06:04
"Let's ban plastic bags. We'll give people paper
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β€œλΉ„λ‹λ΄‰μ§€λ₯Ό κΈˆμ§€ν•©μ‹œλ‹€. ν™˜κ²½μ— 더 쒋은
06:06
because that is better for the environment."
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쒅이봉지λ₯Ό μ”μ‹œλ‹€."라고 말할 뿐이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
But if you're throwing it in the bin,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것을 μ“°λ ˆκΈ°ν†΅μ— 버리고
06:10
and your local landfill facility
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 지역 μ“°λ ˆκΈ° λ§€λ¦½μ‹œμ„€μ΄
06:11
is just a normal one,
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일반적인 것이라면
06:14
then we're having what's called a double negative.
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μ†Œμœ„ κ°‘μ ˆμ˜ μ•…μ˜ν–₯이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
I'm a product designer by trade.
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μ €λŠ” 상업 μ œν’ˆλ””μžμ΄λ„ˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
I then did social science.
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μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όν•™μ„ 곡뢀 ν–ˆκ³ μš”.
06:23
And so I'm absolutely fascinated
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„μž¬μ™€
06:24
by consumer goods and how the consumer goods
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면역이 λ˜μ–΄ 버린, 우리의 삢을
06:26
that we have kind of become immune to
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μ±„μ›Œμ£ΌλŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„μž¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μžμ—° ν™˜κ²½μ—
06:28
that fill our lives
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영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄
06:30
have an impact on the natural environment.
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맀우 관심이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
And these guys are, like, serial offenders,
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이것듀은 연쇄 λ²”μ£„μž 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
and I'm pretty sure everyone in this room
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μ—¬κΈ° 계신 λͺ¨λ“  뢄듀이 냉μž₯κ³ λ₯Ό
06:36
has a refrigerator.
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가지고 계싀 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
Now America has this amazing ability
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μ§€κΈˆ 미ꡭ은 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 냉μž₯κ³ λ₯Ό
06:39
to keep growing refrigerators.
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μ»€μ§€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
In the last few years, they've grown one cubic foot
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μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡ 년사이, ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ 일반적인
06:43
on average, the standard size
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냉μž₯고의 크기가 1 μž…λ°©ν”ΌνŠΈ
06:45
of a refrigerator.
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μ»€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
And the problem is, they're so big now,
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 냉μž₯κ³ κ°€ μ•„μ£Ό μ»€μ„œ
06:49
it's easier for us to buy more food
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 먹지도, 찾지도 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ”
06:51
that we can't eat or find.
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μŒμ‹μ„ 더 μ‰½κ²Œ, 더 많이 μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
I mean, I have things at the back of my refrigerator
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제 말은, 냉μž₯κ³  μ•ˆ μͺ½μ— λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
06:55
that have been there for years, all right?
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그것을 λ¬΅ν˜€ 두고 μžˆλŠ” κ±°μš”, μ•Œκ² μ£ ?
06:57
And so what happens is, we waste more food.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ μŒμ‹μ„ λ‚­λΉ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
And as I was just explaining, food waste is a problem.
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μ œκ°€ 막 μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ, μŒμ‹λ¬Ό μ“°λ ˆκΈ°κ°€ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:03
In fact, here in the U.S., 40 percent
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사싀, μ—¬κΈ° λ―Έκ΅­ κ°€μ •μ—μ„œ
07:06
of food purchased for the home is wasted.
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κ΅¬λ§€ν•œ μŒμ‹μ˜ 40%κ°€ 버렀지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
Half of the world's produced food is wasted.
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μƒμ‚°λœ 세계 μŒμ‹μ˜ 절반이 λ²„λ €μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
That's the latest U.N. stats. Up to half of the food.
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졜근 μœ μ—”ν†΅κ³„λ‘œ, μŒμ‹λ¬Όμ˜ μ ˆλ°˜μ •λ„κΉŒμ§€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
It's insane. It's 1.3 billion tons of food per annum.
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미친 짓이죠. 맀년 13μ–΅ν†€μ˜ μŒμ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
And I blame it on the refrigerator,
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μ €λŠ” 냉μž₯κ³  탓이라고 λ³΄λŠ”λ°
07:23
well, especially in Western cultures,
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특히 μ„œκ΅¬ 문화에 μžˆμ–΄,
07:24
because it makes it easier.
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냉μž₯κ³ κ°€ λ”μš± μ‰½κ²Œ ν•΄ μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
I mean, there's a lot of complex systems going on here.
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제 말은, μ—¬κΈ° λ§Žμ€ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μ²΄μ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
I don't want to make it so simplistic.
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μ €λŠ” μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ λ‹¨μˆœν™”ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
But the refrigerator is a serious contributor to this,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 냉μž₯κ³ κ°€ 이 ν˜„μƒμ˜ 주된 원인 제곡자인데
07:33
and one of the features of it
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κ·Έ νŠΉμ§• μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€
07:35
is the crisper drawer.
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냉μž₯κ³  야채 μ„œλž μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
You all got crisper drawers?
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λͺ¨λ‘λ“€ 냉μž₯κ³  야채 μ„œλž μžˆμœΌμ‹œμ£ ?
07:39
The drawer that you put your lettuces in?
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상좔λ₯Ό λ„£μ–΄ λ†“λŠ” μ•Όμ±„μ„œλžμ΄μš”?
07:41
Lettuces have a habit of going soggy
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μƒμΆ”λŠ” 냉μž₯κ³  야채 μ„œλžμ—μ„œ
07:42
in the crisper drawers, don't they?
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μ³μ§€λŠ” μ„±μ§ˆμ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그렇지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
07:44
Yeah? Soggy lettuces?
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λ„€? 쳐진 μƒμΆ”μš”?
07:46
In the U.K., this is such a problem
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μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” 이게 μ•„μ£Ό λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜μ–΄
07:48
that there was a government report a few years ago
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λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에 μ •λΆ€ λ³΄κ³ μ„œμ—μ„œ
07:49
that actually said the second biggest offender
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영ꡭ μŒμ‹λ¬Ό μ“°λ ˆκΈ°μ˜ 두 번째둜 큰 λ²”μΈλŠ”
07:52
of wasted food in the U.K. is the soggy lettuce.
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쳐진 상좔라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
It was called the Soggy Lettuce Report.
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그게 λ°”λ‘œ β€˜μ³μ§„ 상좔 λ³΄κ³ μ„œβ€™ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:57
Okay? So this is a problem, people.
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λλ‚˜μš”? 이게 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
07:59
These poor little lettuces are getting thrown out
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이 λΆˆμŒν•œ μƒμΆ”λŠ” μ™Όμͺ½, 였λ₯Έμͺ½, κ°€μš΄λ°μ—
08:02
left, right and center because the crisper drawers
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λ˜μ Έμ§€λŠ”λ° 냉μž₯κ³  μ•Όμ±„μ„œλžμ€
08:03
are not designed to actually keep things crisp.
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μƒμΎŒν•¨μ„ μœ μ§€ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ„€κ³„λœκ²Œ μ•„λ‹ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
Okay. You need a tight environment.
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λ„€. λ§‰νžŒ ν™˜κ²½μ΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
You need, like, an airless environment
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μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λΆ„ν•΄λ₯Ό 막기 μœ„ν•΄
08:10
to prevent the degrading that would happen naturally.
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곡기가 μ—†λŠ” ν™˜κ²½ 같은 게 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
But the crisper drawers, they're just a drawer
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 냉μž₯κ³  μ•Όμ±„μ„œλžμ€
08:15
with a slightly better seal.
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μ•½κ°„ 더 꽉 λ‹«νžŒ μ„œλžμΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
Anyway, I'm clearly obsessed.
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μ œκ°€ μ’€ μ§‘μ°©ν•˜κΈ΄ ν•˜μ£ .
08:19
Don't ever invite me over because I'll just start going through your refrigerator
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μ €λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 냉μž₯고와
08:22
and looking at all sorts of things like that.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ‚΄νŽ΄ 보렀고 ν•  ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:23
But essentially, this is a big problem.
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본질적으둜 이것은 큰 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
Because when we lose something like the lettuce from the system,
218
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ²΄μ œμ—μ„œ 상좔 같은 것을 놓쳐 버렸을 λ•Œ,
08:28
not only do we have that impact I just explained at the end of life,
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μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦° 주기의 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:32
but we actually have had to grow that lettuce.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œ 상좔λ₯Ό μž¬λ°°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
The life cycle impact of that lettuce is astronomical.
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κ·Έ μƒμΆ”μ˜ 생λͺ…μ£ΌκΈ° 영ν–₯은 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
We've had to clear land.
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땅을 κ°ˆμ•„μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ ,
08:39
We've had to plant seeds, phosphorus,
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씨λ₯Ό 심고,
08:41
fertilizers, nutrients, water, sunlight.
224
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인, λΉ„λ£Œ, μ˜μ–‘μ†Œ, λ¬Ό, 햇빛을 μ€˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
All of the embodied impacts in that lettuce
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κ·Έ 상좔에 ν¬ν•¨λœ λͺ¨λ“  영ν–₯은
08:45
get lost from the system,
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μ²΄μ œμ—μ„œ μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦¬κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°
08:47
which makes it a far bigger environmental impact
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그것은 냉μž₯고의 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 손싀 보닀
08:50
than the loss of the energy from the fridge.
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μ•„μ£Ό 더 큰 ν™˜κ²½μ  영ν–₯을 μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
So we need to design things like this far better
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§Œμ•½μ— μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ ν™˜κ²½ 문제λ₯Ό 닀루렀면
08:57
if we're going to start addressing serious environmental problems.
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이런 것을 더 λ‚«κ²Œ μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
We could start with the crisper drawer and the size.
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냉μž₯κ³  μ•Όμ±„μ„œλžκ³Ό 크기뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 있죠
09:01
For those of you in the room who do design fridges,
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μ—¬κΈ° 계신 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑에 냉μž₯κ³ λ₯Ό μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
09:03
that would be great.
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μ•„λ§ˆ 쒋을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
The problem is, imagine if we
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사물을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 섀계할 지에 λŒ€ν•΄
09:08
actually started to reconsider how we designed things.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 상상해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
09:10
So I look at the refrigerator as a sign of modernity,
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μ €λŠ” ν˜„λŒ€μ„±μ˜ ν‘œμƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ 냉μž₯κ³ λ₯Ό λ³΄μ§€λ§Œ
09:14
but we actually haven't really changed the design
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1950λ…„λŒ€ 이래둜 냉μž₯고의 λ””μžμΈμ„
09:16
of them that much since the 1950s.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 많이 λ°”κΎΈμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
A little bit, but essentially they're still big boxes,
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μ•½κ°„ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ, 본질적으둜 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 큰 μƒμžμ΄κ³ 
09:22
cold boxes that we store stuff in.
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물건을 μ €μž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ°¨κ°€μš΄ μƒμžμ£ .
09:24
So imagine if we actually really started
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„ λ‚΄κ³  그것을
09:26
to identify these problems and use that
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ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” ν˜μ‹ μ μ΄κ³  ν’ˆκ²© μžˆλŠ”
09:29
as the foundation for finding innovative and elegant
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섀계 ν•΄κ²°μ±…μ˜ 기초둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을
09:32
design solutions that will solve those problems.
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μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ λ³΄λŠ” 것을 상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
09:36
This is design-led system change,
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이것이 섀계가 μ£Όλ„ν•˜λŠ” 체제 변화이고,
09:38
design dictating the way in which the system
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μ²΄μ œκ°€ μ’€ 더 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
09:42
can be far more sustainable.
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방법을 μ’Œμš°ν•˜λŠ” μ„€κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
Forty percent food waste is a major problem.
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40%의 μŒμ‹λ¬Ό μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λŠ” μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
Imagine if we designed fridges that halved that.
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냉μž₯κ³ λ₯Ό 절반 크기둜 μ„€κ³„ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
09:51
Another item that I find fascinating
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μ œκ°€ 찾은 ν₯미둜운 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 물건은
09:53
is the electric tea kettle,
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μ „κΈ° μ°¨μ£Όμ „μžμΈλ°
09:54
which I found out that
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” μ°¨μ£Όμ „μžλ₯Ό
09:56
you don't do tea kettles in this country, really, do you?
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μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ˜λ°, μ§„μ§œ κ·ΈλŸ°κ°€μš”?
09:59
But that's really big in the U.K.
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μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” μ§„μ§œ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
Ninety-seven percent of households
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영ꡭ κ°€μ •μ˜ 97%κ°€
10:03
in the United Kingdom own an electric tea kettle.
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μ „κΈ° μ°¨μ£Όμ „μžλ₯Ό λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
So they're very popular.
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μ•„μ£Ό 인기가 있죠.
10:08
And, I mean, if I were to work with a design firm
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만일 μ œκ°€ λ””μžμΈ νšŒμ‚¬λ‚˜ λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
10:11
or a designer, and they were designing one of these,
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이것을 μ„€κ³„ν•˜κ³ 
10:13
and they wanted to do it eco,
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μΉœν™˜κ²½μ μΈ 것을 ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν–ˆλ”λΌλ©΄,
10:14
they'd usually ask me two things.
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그듀은 μ €μ—κ²Œ 보톡 두 가지λ₯Ό λ¬Όμ—ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
They'd say, "Leyla, how do I make it technically efficient?"
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β€œλ ˆμΌλΌ, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 기술적으둜 효율적이게 λ§Œλ“€ 수 있죠?”
10:19
Because obviously energy's a problem with this product.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” 이 μ œν’ˆμ— μžˆμ–΄ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 문제이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
Or, "How do I make it green materials?
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ν˜Ήμ€, β€œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΉœν™˜κ²½μž¬λ£Œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 있죠?
10:25
How do I make the materials green
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ œν’ˆμ΄ 제쑰 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
10:28
in the manufacturing?"
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μΉœν™˜κ²½μ μ΄κ²Œ ν•  수 있죠?”
10:30
Would you ask me those questions?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜μ„œ 이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:32
They seem logical, right? Yeah.
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그것듀은 λ…Όλ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ? λ„€.
10:35
Well I'd say, "You're looking at the wrong problems."
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β€œμ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 잘λͺ»λœ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ 보고 κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.” 라고 μ €λŠ” 말할 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:37
Because the problem is with use.
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:39
It's with how people use the product.
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μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법과 κ΄€λ ¨ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
Sixty-five percent of Brits
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μ˜κ΅­μΈλ“€μ˜ 65%κ°€
10:44
admit to over-filling their kettle
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μ°¨ ν•œ μž”λ§Œ ν•„μš”ν•  λ•Œλ„
10:46
when they only need one cup of tea.
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μ£Όμ „μžμ— κ³Όλ„ν•˜κ²Œ 물을 μ±„μš΄λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
All of this extra water that's being boiled
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λ“μ—¬μ§€λŠ” μ—¬λΆ„μ˜ 물이
10:52
requires energy, and it's been calculated
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 계산해 보면
10:56
that in one day of extra energy use
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ν•˜λ£¨μ— μ£Όμ „μžλ₯Ό λ“μ΄λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ”
10:59
from boiling kettles
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μ—¬λΆ„μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ”
11:00
is enough to light all of the streetlights
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ν•˜λ£»λ°€ μž‰κΈ€λžœλ“œ 거리의 λͺ¨λ“  λΆˆμ„
11:03
in England for a night.
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λ°νžˆκΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
But this is the thing.
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이게 문제죠.
11:08
This is what I call a product-person failure.
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이게 λ°”λ‘œ μ œν’ˆ-인간 μ‹€νŒ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
But we've got a product-system failure going on with these little guys,
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이 μž‘μ€ 것듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” μ œν’ˆ-μ²΄μ œμ‹€νŒ¨λ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆκ³ 
11:12
and they're so ubiquitous, you don't even notice they're there.
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그것듀은 μ•„μ£Ό ν”ν•΄μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€
μžˆλŠ” 지쑰차 μ•Œμ•„ 채지 λͺ»ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
And this guy over here, though, he does. He's named Simon.
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여기에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬μ΄λ¨Όμ΄λΌλŠ” 이 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ•Œμ•„μ±•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
Simon works for the national electricity company in the U.K.
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사이먼은 영ꡭ κ΅­κ°€μ „λ ₯νšŒμ‚¬μ— μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
He has a very important job of monitoring
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κ·ΈλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  가정에 μ „λ ₯이 μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜λ„λ‘
11:24
all of the electricity coming into the system
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κ·Έ 곳에 λ“€μ–΄ μ˜€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό
11:26
to make sure there is enough
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κ°μ‹œν•˜λŠ”
μ€‘μš”ν•œ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
so it powers everybody's homes.
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11:30
He's also watching television.
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κ·ΈλŠ” ν…”λ ˆλΉ„μ „λ„ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
The reason is because there's a unique
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μ™œλƒ ν•˜λ©΄ μ•„μ£Ό 인기 μžˆλŠ” TVμ‡Όκ°€ λλ‚˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„μ—
11:34
phenomenon that happens in the U.K.
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μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”
11:35
the moment that very popular TV shows end.
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λ…νŠΉν•œ ν˜„μƒ λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
The minute the ad break comes on,
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쀑간 κ΄‘κ³ κ°€ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μˆœκ°„μ—
11:42
this man has to rush
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ ν”„λž‘μŠ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
11:44
to buy nuclear power from France,
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ν•΅μ „λ ₯을 사렀고 μ„œλ‘˜λŸ¬μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜λŠ”λ°
11:47
because everybody turns their kettles on
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ™μ‹œμ— μ°¨ μ£Όμ „μž 전원을
11:50
at the same time.
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켜기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:54
1.5 million kettles, seriously problematic.
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1λ°±5μ‹­λ§Œκ°œμ˜ μ£Όμ „μž, μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 문제죠.
12:00
So imagine if you designed kettles,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ£Όμ „μžλ₯Ό μ„€κ³„ν•˜κ³ 
12:03
you actually found a way to solve these system failures,
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ‹€νŒ¨λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ°Ύμ•˜λ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
12:06
because this is a huge amount of pressure
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이것은 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—
12:09
on the system,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 뢀담이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄κ³ 
12:10
just because the product hasn't thought about the problem
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μ œν’ˆμ΄ 세상에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”
12:14
that it's going to have when it exists in the world.
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λ¬Έμ œμ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 보지 μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:15
Now, I looked at a number of kettles available on the market,
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자, μ €λŠ” μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ μžˆλŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ£Όμ „μžλ₯Ό λ΄€κ³ 
12:18
and found the minimum fill lines,
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ν•œ 컡의 μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
12:20
so the little piece of information that tells you
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λ¬Ό 두 μ»΅κ³Ό 5와 2λΆ„μ˜ 1 μ»΅ 사이에
12:22
how much you need to put in there,
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μ΅œμ†Œλ§žμΆ€μ„ μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•„ λƒˆλŠ”λ°
12:23
was between two and a five-and-a-half cups of water
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μ •λ³΄λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 물을
12:26
just to make one cup of tea.
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λ„£μ–΄μ•Ό 할지 μ•Œλ € μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
So this kettle here is an example of one where
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μ—¬κΈ° 이 μ£Όμ „μžλŠ” 두 개의 곡간이
12:32
it actually has two reservoirs.
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μžˆλŠ” μƒ˜ν”Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
One's a boiling chamber, and one's the water holder.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 물을 λ“μ΄λŠ” 곳이고, λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳은 λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜λŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:37
The user actually has to push that button
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μ‚¬μš©μžλŠ” 물을 끓이기 μœ„ν•΄
12:39
to get their hot water boiled,
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μ‹€μ œ λ²„νŠΌμ„ λˆŒλ €μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°
12:41
which means, because we're all lazy,
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이것은, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 게으λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
12:42
you only fill exactly what you need.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ •ν™•νžˆ ν•„μš”ν•œ 만큼 μ±„μš°λŠ” 것을 λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
And this is what I call behavior-changing products:
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이게 λ°”λ‘œ ν–‰λ™λ³€ν™”μ œν’ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
12:47
products, systems or services
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μ œν’ˆ, μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ ν˜Ήμ€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λŠ”
12:49
that intervene and solve these problems up front.
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λ‹Ήλ©΄ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— κ°œμž…ν•΄μ„œ ν•΄κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:53
Now, this is a technology arena,
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자, 이것이 κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ 뢄야이고
12:55
so obviously these things are quite popular,
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 이것듀은 κ½€ 인기가 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜,
12:57
but I think if we're going to keep
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제 생각엔 λ§Œμ•½μ— κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ
12:59
designing, buying and using and throwing out
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μ²œλ¬Έν•™μ μΈ ν˜„μž¬ μ†λ„λ‘œ
13:02
these kinds of products at the rate we currently do,
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이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ œν’ˆμ„
13:04
which is astronomically high,
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λ””μžμΈν•˜κ³ , κ΅¬λ§€ν•˜κ³ , μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ , 버린닀면,
13:06
there are seven billion people
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λ°”λ‘œ μ§€κΈˆ μ„Έκ³„μ—λŠ” 70μ–΅λͺ…μ˜
13:08
who live in the world right now.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:09
There are six billion mobile phone subscriptions
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μž‘λ…„ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 60μ–΅κ°œμ˜
13:11
as of last year.
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νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™” ꡬ맀가 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:15
Every single year, 1.5 billion mobile phones
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맀년, 15μ–΅κ°œμ˜ νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™”κ°€
13:19
roll off production lines,
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μƒμ‚°λ˜μ–΄ λ‚˜μ˜€κ³  있으며,
13:20
and some companies report their production rate
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μ–΄λ–€ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” μƒμ‚°μœ¨μ΄ μΆœμƒλ₯  보닀 더 λ†’λ‹€κ³ 
13:22
as being greater than the human birth rate.
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λ³΄κ³ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
One hundred fifty-two million phones were thrown out in the U.S. last year;
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1μ–΅5천2백만개의 μ „ν™”κΈ°κ°€ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μž‘λ…„μ— λ²„λ €μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€;
13:27
only 11 percent were recycled.
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단지 11%κ°€ μž¬ν™œμš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
I'm from Australia. We have a population of 22 million -- don't laugh --
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μ €λŠ” 인ꡬ 2천 2백만λͺ…인 ν˜Έμ£Όμ—μ„œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. —웃지 λ§ˆμ„Έμš”--
13:33
and it's been reported that 22 million phones
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2천 2백만개의 μ „ν™”κΈ°κ°€
13:36
are in people's drawers.
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μ„œλž 속에 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:38
We need to find ways of solving the problems around this,
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이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  방법을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
13:42
because these things are so complicated.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
They have so much locked up inside them.
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μ „ν™”κΈ° μ•ˆμ— μ•„μ£Ό λ§Žμ€ 것이 담겨져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
Gold! Did you know that it's actually cheaper now
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금! 낑은 μ „ν™”κΈ° 1ν†€μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° κΈˆμ„ μ±„μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” 것이
13:52
to get gold out of a ton of old mobile phones
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κΈˆκ΄‘μ„ 1ν†€μ—μ„œ κΈˆμ„ μ±„μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” 것 보닀
13:56
than it is out of a ton of gold ore?
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더 μ €λ ΄ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•„μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
13:59
There's a number of highly complex and valuable
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— μ•„μ£Ό λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  κ°’μ–΄μΉ˜ μžˆλŠ”
14:01
materials embodied inside these things,
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μž¬λ£Œκ°€ 많이 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
14:03
so we need to find ways of encouraging disassembly,
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λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°
14:05
because this is otherwise what happens.
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μ•ˆκ·ΈλŸ¬λ©΄ 이런 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
14:08
This is a community in Ghana,
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이것은 κ°€λ‚˜ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμΈλ°,
14:09
and e-waste is reported, or electronic waste
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e-폐기물 ν˜Ήμ€ νμ „μžμ œν’ˆμ΄
14:11
is reported by the U.N.
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5μ²œλ§Œν†€ 정도가 λ°€κ±°λž˜ λœλ‹€κ³ 
14:13
as being up to 50 million tons trafficked.
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μœ μ—”μ΄ λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:16
This is how they get the gold
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그런 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 금과 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ·€ν•œ 재료λ₯Ό
14:18
and the other valuable materials out.
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μ–»κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:19
They burn the electronic waste
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빈 ν„°μ—μ„œ νμ „μžμ œν’ˆμ„
14:21
in open spaces.
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νƒœμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:23
These are communities, and this is happening all over the world.
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이것은 μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ΄κ³ , 세계 λ„μ²˜μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:26
And because we don't see the ramifications
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λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆ, 사업가, μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ‘œμ„œ
14:29
of the choices that we make as designers,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•œ μ„ νƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° νŒŒμƒλœ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό
14:31
as businesspeople, as consumers,
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μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
14:33
then these kinds of externalities happen,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ™ΈλΆ€νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜κ³ 
14:35
and these are people's lives.
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이것은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ‚Άμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:37
So we need to find smarter, more systems-based,
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이 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 삢을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ €λ©΄
14:42
innovative solutions to these problems,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ— μ’€ 더 ν˜„λͺ…ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκΈ°λ°˜μ˜
14:45
if we're going to start to live sustainably within this world.
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ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ 해결책을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
So imagine if, when you bought your mobile phone,
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νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™”λ₯Ό κ΅¬μž…ν•  λ•Œ,
14:52
your new one because you replaced your old one --
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νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™”κ°€ 였래 λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
14:54
after 15 to 18 months is the average time
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ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ 15~18κ°œμ›” 후에
14:56
that people replace their phones, by the way β€”
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μƒˆ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κ΅μ²΄ν•˜λŠ” 것을 상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”, μ–΄μ¨Œλ“ -
14:58
so if we're going to keep this kind of expedient
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이런 편의주의적인
15:01
mobile phone replacing, then we should
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νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™” ꡐ체가 계속 λ˜μ–΄ 진닀면
15:04
be looking at closing the loop on these systems.
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμƒμ˜ κ²½λ‘œνμ‡„λ₯Ό κ²€ν† ν•΄ 봐야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:06
The people who produce these phones,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ „ν™”κΈ°λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
15:08
and some of which I'm sure are in the room right now,
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이 곳에 λͺ‡ 뢄이 계싀 거라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”,
15:09
could potentially look at doing what we call closed-loop systems,
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μ†Œμœ„ νμ‡„νšŒλ‘œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄λ‚˜ μ œν’ˆμ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ„
15:12
or product system services,
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κ³ λ €ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 있으며,
15:14
so identifying that there is a market demand
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μ‹œμž₯ μˆ˜μš”μ™€ κ·Έ μˆ˜μš”λŠ”
15:16
and that market demand's not going to go anywhere,
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계속 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μΈμ‹ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
15:18
so you design the product to solve the problem.
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λ¬Έμ œν•΄κ²°μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ œν’ˆμ„ λ””μžμΈ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:21
Design for disassembly, design for light-weighting.
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λΆ„ν•΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ””μžμΈ, κ²½λŸ‰ λ””μžμΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:23
We heard some of those kinds of strategies
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  ν…ŒμŠ¬λΌ λͺ¨ν„°μŠ€ μžλ™μ°¨μ—μ„œ
15:26
being used in the Tesla Motors car today.
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이 μ „λž΅μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:28
These kinds of approaches are not hard,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 방법은 어렡지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:31
but understanding the system
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ν•΄μ™€ μ‹€ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œμž₯ μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜
15:32
and then looking for viable, market-driven
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μ†ŒλΉ„μž μˆ˜μš” λŒ€μ²΄μ˜ μΆ”κ΅¬λŠ”
15:36
consumer demand alternatives
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 근본적으둜
15:38
is how we can start radically altering
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지속가λŠ₯μ„± κ³„νšμ˜ λŒ€μ²΄λ₯Ό
15:40
the sustainability agenda,
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μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ”κ°€ 인데,
15:42
because I hate to break it to you all:
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λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κΈ°κ°€ μ°Έ κ³€λž€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
15:44
Consumption is the biggest problem.
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μ†ŒλΉ„κ°€ μ΅œλŒ€μ˜ 문제이고
15:47
But design is one of the best solutions.
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λ””μžμΈμ΄ μ΅œμ„ μ˜ 해결책이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:52
These kinds of products are everywhere.
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이런 μ œν’ˆμ€ μ–΄λ””μ—λ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:54
By identifying alternative ways of doing things,
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λŒ€μ²΄ 방법 인식을 톡해
15:57
we can actually start to innovate,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜μ‹ μ„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 있고
15:59
and I say actually start to innovate.
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μ •λ§λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:00
I'm sure everyone in this room is very innovative.
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μ—¬κΈ° 계신 λͺ¨λ“  뢄듀은 μ•„μ£Ό ν˜μ‹ μ μ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:03
But in the regards to using sustainability
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκΈ°λ°˜ 해결책을 μ΄‰μ§„ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄
16:05
as a parameter, as a criteria
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μ‘°κ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
16:08
for fueling systems-based solutions,
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지속가λŠ₯성을 ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 것에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
16:12
because as I've just demonstrated with these simple products,
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μ œκ°€ 이 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ œν’ˆμ„ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ Έλ“―μ΄
16:15
they're participating in these major problems.
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그듀은 이 μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:18
So we need to look across the entire life
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒλ“€μ˜ 전체 삢을
16:20
of the things that we do.
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바라 봐야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:22
If you just had paper or plastic --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ’…μ΄λ‚˜ 비닐을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
16:24
obviously reusable is far more beneficial --
409
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ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μž¬μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 것이 더 μœ μ΅ν•œ 것이고
16:26
then the paper is worse,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ’…μ΄λŠ” 더 μ•ˆ 쒋은 것이고,
16:30
and the paper is worse because it weighs
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μ’…μ΄λŠ” 비닐 보닀 4λ°°μ—μ„œ 10λ°°
16:32
four to 10 times more than the plastic,
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더 무겁기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 더 λ‚˜μœ 것이며,
16:34
and when we actually compare, from a life cycle perspective,
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생λͺ…μ£ΌκΈ°κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 비ꡐ해 보면,
16:36
a kilo of plastic and a kilo of paper,
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1ν‚¬λ‘œμ˜ 비닐과 1ν‚¬λ‘œμ˜ μ’…μ΄λŠ”
16:39
the paper is far better,
415
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쒅이가 훨씬 λ‚«μ§€λ§Œ,
16:41
but the functionality of a plastic or a paper bag
416
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μ‹λ£Œν’ˆμ„ 집에 κ°€μ Έ κ°€λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯성은
16:43
to carry your groceries home is not done with a kilo of each material.
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각 물질의 λ¬΄κ²Œμ™€ 관련이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:47
It's done with a very small amount of plastic
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적은 μ–‘μ˜ 비닐과 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ μ’…μ΄λ‘œ
16:49
and quite a lot more paper.
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λ˜μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:50
Because functionality defines environmental impact,
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κΈ°λŠ₯성이 ν™˜κ²½ 영ν–₯을 κ·œμ •ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
16:53
and I said earlier that the designers always ask me for the eco-materials.
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λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆλ“€μ΄ 항상 μΉœν™˜κ²½μž¬λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έμ£ .
16:56
I say, there's only a few materials that you should completely avoid.
422
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μ™„μ „νžˆ ν”Όν•  μž¬λ£ŒλŠ” λͺ‡ 개 뿐이라고 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:59
The rest of them, it's all about application,
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” μ‘μš©μ— κ΄€ν•œ 것이고,
17:01
and at the end of the day, everything we design and produce in the economy
424
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결ꡭ은, κ²½μ œμ—μ„œ λ””μžμΈν•˜κ³  μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
17:04
or buy as consumers is done so for function.
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ‘œμ„œ κ΅¬μž…ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것은 κΈ°λŠ₯λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:07
We want something, therefore we buy it.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무언가 μ›ν•΄μ„œ κ΅¬λ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:09
So breaking things back down and delivering
427
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그것듀을 λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜κ³  ν˜„λͺ…ν•˜κ³  ν’ˆκ²© 있게
17:12
smartly, elegantly, sophisticated solutions
428
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전체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ 전체 생애
17:16
that take into consideration the entire system
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λͺ¨λ“  것, μΆ”μΆœμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
17:19
and the entire life of the thing, everything,
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μƒμ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ‹¨κ³„κΉŒμ§€ κ³ λ €ν•œ
17:22
all the way back to the extraction through to the end of life,
431
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μ •κ΅ν•œ 해결책을 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
17:25
we can start to actually find really innovative solutions.
432
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ 해결책을 찾을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:27
And I'll just leave you with one very quick thing
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저와 ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜λŠ” 상급 λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆκ°€ 졜근
17:29
that a designer said to me recently who I work with, a senior designer.
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ 것을 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 말씀 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:33
I said, "How come you're not doing sustainability? I know you know this."
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β€œλ‹Ήμ‹ μ€ μ•Œλ©΄μ„œ μ™œ 지속가λŠ₯성을 μ‹€μ²œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ£ ?"라고 μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜μž,
17:36
And he said, "Well, recently I pitched a sustainability project to a client,
436
1056916
4012
κ·ΈλŠ”, β€œμ΅œκ·Όμ— 지속가λŠ₯μ„± ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό κ³ κ°μ—κ²Œ μ£Όκ³ 
17:40
and turned and he said to me,
437
1060928
1941
λŒμ•„μ„œμž κ·Έκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 말이,
17:42
'I know it's going to cost less,
438
1062869
1765
β€˜λΉ„μš©μ΄ 적게 λ“œλŠ” 것도 μ•Œκ³  있고
17:44
I know it's going to sell more,
439
1064634
1618
더 많이 νŒ”λ¦΄ 것도 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
17:46
but we're not pioneers, because pioneers have arrows in their backs.'"
440
1066252
4473
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°œμ²™μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”,
κ°œμ²™μžλŠ” 혼자 μš•λ¨Ήκ³  κ³ μƒν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.'"라고 λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
17:50
I think we've got a roomful of pioneers,
441
1070725
2217
μ €λŠ” μ—¬κΈ° 가득 κ°œμ²™μžκ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:52
and I hope there are far more pioneers out there, because we need to solve these problems.
442
1072942
3054
λ°–μ—λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ κ°œμ²™μžκ°€ 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λž˜μš”,
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:56
Thank you.
443
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1407
17:57
(Applause)
444
1077434
4776
(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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