The unheard story behind the Sistine Chapel | Elizabeth Lev

293,336 views ใƒป 2016-02-12

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Mayrav Braude ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Imagine you're in Rome,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื‘ืจื•ืžื,
00:14
and you've made your way to the Vatican Museums.
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ืชื™ืงืŸ.
00:18
And you've been shuffling down long corridors,
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ืืชื ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื™ื,
00:21
past statues, frescoes, lots and lots of stuff.
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ื—ื•ืœืคื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืคืกืœื™ื, ืคืจืกืงืื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
00:26
You're heading towards the Sistine Chapel.
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ืืชื ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
00:28
At last -- a long corridor, a stair and a door.
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ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ - ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืš, ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื“ืœืช.
00:34
You're at the threshold of the Sistine Chapel.
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ืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
00:37
So what are you expecting?
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ืœืžื” ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื?
00:38
Soaring domes? Choirs of angels?
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ื›ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืชื ืฉืื•ืช? ืžืงื”ืœื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื™ื?
00:41
We don't really have any of that there.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
00:44
Instead, you may ask yourself, what do we have?
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ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื, ืžื” ื™ืฉื ื•?
00:48
Well, curtains up on the Sistine Chapel.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืกืš ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
00:50
And I mean literally, you're surrounded by painted curtains,
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ืืชื ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื•ื™ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื,
00:53
the original decoration of this chapel.
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ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืคืœื”.
00:56
Churches used tapestries not just to keep out cold during long masses,
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื™ืžื•ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืกื”, ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ ืงื™ืจ
01:00
but as a way to represent the great theater of life.
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ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:04
The human drama in which each one of us plays a part is a great story,
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ื”ื“ืจืžื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ.
01:09
a story that encompasses the whole world
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
01:12
and that came to unfold in the three stages
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ื•ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืฉืœื‘ื™
01:15
of the painting in the Sistine Chapel.
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ืฆื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
01:18
Now, this building started out as a space for a small group
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœ ื›ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื”
01:21
of wealthy, educated Christian priests.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืžืจื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื
01:24
They prayed there. They elected their pope there.
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ืฉื ื”ื ื”ืชืคืœืœื•. ืฉื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ.
01:27
Five hundred years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
01:28
it was the ultimate ecclesiastical man cave.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืžืจื™ื ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
01:31
So, you may ask, how can it be that today it attracts and delights
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ื•ื“ืื™ ืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื•ืงื“ ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ืขื•ื ื’
01:37
five million people a year,
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ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”,
01:40
from all different backgrounds?
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ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจืงืขื™ื?
01:42
Because in that compressed space, there was a creative explosion,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื“ื—ื•ืก ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื”,
01:46
ignited by the electric excitement of new geopolitical frontiers,
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ืฉื ื™ืฆืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช ื’ื™ืื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
01:51
which set on fire the ancient missionary tradition of the Church
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ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื”
01:56
and produced one of the greatest works of art in history.
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ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื” ืืช ืื—ืช ืžื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
02:00
Now, this development took place as a great evolution,
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื–ื• ืงืจืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™,
02:04
moving from the beginning of a few elite,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช,
02:07
and eventually able to speak to audiences of people
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืงื”ืœื™ื
02:10
that come from all over the world.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:13
This evolution took place in three stages,
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื–ื• ืงืจืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื,
02:16
each one linked to a historical circumstance.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช.
02:19
The first one was rather limited in scope.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื•.
02:21
It reflected the rather parochial perspective.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืงืฃ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืคืจื•ื‘ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
02:24
The second one took place after worldviews were dramatically altered
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
02:28
after Columbus's historical voyage;
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ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืกืขื• ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื•ืก.
02:31
and the third,
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ื•ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
02:32
when the Age of Discovery was well under way
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ื›ืฉืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื•
02:35
and the Church rose to the challenge
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ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื” ื ืขื ืชื” ืœืืชื’ืจ
02:38
of going global.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™ืช.
02:40
The original decoration of this church reflected a smaller world.
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ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื” ืฉื™ืงืฃ ืขื•ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:44
There were busy scenes
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืกืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช
02:45
that told the stories of the lives of Jesus and Moses,
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ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื• ื•ืžืฉื”,
02:49
reflecting the development of the Jewish and Christian people.
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ื•ืฉื™ืงืคื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
02:53
The man who commissioned this, Pope Sixtus IV,
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ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ืกื™ืงืกื˜ื•ืก ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™,
02:56
assembled a dream team of Florentine art,
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ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืคืœื•ืจื ื˜ื™ื ื™ืช,
02:59
including men like Sandro Botticelli
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ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืกื ื“ืจื• ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืฆ'ืœื™
03:02
and the man who would become Michelangelo's future painting teacher,
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื•ืจื”ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื•,
03:05
Ghirlandaio.
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ื’ื™ืจืœื ื“ื™ื•.
03:07
These men, they blanketed the walls with a frieze of pure color,
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ื”ื ืขื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืข ื˜ื”ื•ืจ,
03:12
and in these stories you'll notice familiar landscapes,
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ื•ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืฃ ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช,
03:16
the artists using Roman monuments or a Tuscan landscape
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ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืžื ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื•ื ื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืจื•ืžื™ื ืื• ื ื•ืคื™ื ื˜ื•ืกืงื ื™ื
03:20
to render a faraway story, something much more familiar.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื•ื•ืช ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช.
03:23
With the addition of images of the Pope's friends and family,
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ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ,
03:27
this was a perfect decoration for a small court
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืฆืจ ืžืœื•ื›ื” ืงื˜ื ื”
03:29
limited to the European continent.
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ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœื™ื‘ืฉืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
03:32
But in 1492, the New World was discovered,
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1492, ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ,
03:37
horizons were expanding,
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ืื•ืคืงื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•,
03:39
and this little 133 by 46-foot microcosm had to expand as well.
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ื•ืžื™ืงืจื•ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ืงื˜ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืืœืฅ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
03:45
And it did,
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”
03:46
thanks to a creative genius,
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ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื’ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™,
03:48
a visionary and an awesome story.
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ืœื‘ืขืœ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ.
03:52
Now, the creative genius was Michelangelo Buonarroti,
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ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื‘ื•ืื•ื ืจื•ื˜ื™,
03:54
33 years old when he was tapped to decorate 12,000 square feet of ceiling,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 33 ื›ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœืขื˜ืจ ื›-1,100 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงืจื”
03:59
and the deck was stacked against him --
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ื”ื•ื ืคืขืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื,
04:01
he had trained in painting but had left to pursue sculpture.
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ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืœืžื“ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคื™ืกื•ืœ.
04:04
There were angry patrons in Florence because he had left a stack
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ื‘ืคื™ืจื ืฆื” ื”ื™ื• ืคื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืขืกื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืขืจื™ืžื•ืช
04:07
of incomplete commissions,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืฆื”,
04:09
lured to Rome by the prospect of a great sculptural project,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืคืชื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืจื•ืžื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
04:12
and that project had fallen through.
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ืืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื ื™ืฆื ืœืคื•ืขืœ.
04:15
And he had been left with a commission to paint 12 apostles
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ืขื ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื
04:18
against a decorative background in the Sistine Chapel ceiling,
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจืงืข ื”ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื ื™ืช,
04:21
which would look like every other ceiling in Italy.
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ืฉื ืจืืชื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืชืงืจื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”.
04:25
But genius rose to the challenge.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ืื•ื ื•ืชื• ื ืขื ืชื” ืœืืชื’ืจ.
04:27
In an age when a man dared to sail across the Atlantic Ocean,
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ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื™ื–ื• ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™,
04:30
Michelangelo dared to chart new artistic waters.
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ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื”ืขื– ืœืœื›ืช ืืœ ื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™.
04:35
He, too, would tell a story --
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ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
04:37
no Apostles -- but a story of great beginnings,
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ืœื ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื, ืืœื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ื“ื’ื•ืœื•ืช,
04:40
the story of Genesis.
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ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช.
04:43
Not really an easy sell, stories on a ceiling.
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ืœื ืงืœ ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชืงืจื”.
04:46
How would you be able to read a busy scene from 62 feet below?
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขืžื•ืกื” ืžืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 20 ืžื˜ืจื™ื?
04:50
The painting technique that had been handed on for 200 years
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ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš 200 ืฉื ื™ื
04:53
in Florentine studios was not equipped for this kind of a narrative.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœืื›ื” ืคืœื•ืจื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื›ื–ื” ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘.
04:57
But Michelangelo wasn't really a painter,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืฆื™ื™ืจ,
05:00
and so he played to his strengths.
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ืฉืœื•.
05:02
Instead of being accustomed to filling space with busyness,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืžืก,
05:06
he took a hammer and chisel and hacked away at a piece of marble
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ื–ืžืœ ื•ื“ืคืง ื‘ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืฉื™ืฉ
05:10
to reveal the figure within.
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ืขื“ ืฉื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื.
05:12
Michelangelo was an essentialist;
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ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ืชืŸ,
05:14
he would tell his story in massive, dynamic bodies.
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ื•ืกื™ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื.
05:19
This plan was embraced by the larger-than-life Pope Julius II,
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ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื•ืžืฆื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื”"ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ื”ืฉื ื™,
05:24
a man who was unafraid of Michelangelo's brazen genius.
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ืื“ื ืฉืœื ื ื‘ื”ืœ ืžื’ืื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• ืขื–ืช ื”ืžืฆื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื•.
05:27
He was nephew to Pope Sixtus IV,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ืงืกื˜ื•ืก ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™,
05:29
and he had been steeped in art for 30 years and he knew its power.
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ื”ื•ื ืกืคื’ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื”.
05:33
And history has handed down the moniker of the Warrior Pope,
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื• "ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื—ื",
05:36
but this man's legacy to the Vatican -- it wasn't fortresses and artillery,
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ืืš ืžื•ืจืฉืชื• ืœื•ืชื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื•ืืจื˜ื™ืœืจื™ื”
05:40
it was art.
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ืืœื ืื•ืžื ื•ืช.
05:42
He left us the Raphael Rooms, the Sistine Chapel.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ื—ื“ืจื™ ืจืคืืœ, ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื ื™ืช.
05:44
He left St. Peter's Basilica
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืœื™ืงืช ืคื˜ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ
05:46
as well as an extraordinary collection of Greco-Roman sculptures --
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ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืกืœื™ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื-ืจื•ืžื™ื
05:52
decidedly un-Christian works that would become the seedbed
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ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆืข
05:56
of the world's first modern museum, the Vatican Museums.
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ืชื™ืงืŸ.
06:00
Julius was a man
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ื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ
06:02
who envisioned a Vatican that would be eternally relevant
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ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื• ื•ืชื™ืงืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืืจ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœื ืฆื—
06:06
through grandeur and through beauty,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืคื™,
06:08
and he was right.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ืง.
06:09
The encounter between these two giants, Michelangelo and Julius II,
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ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ื”ืฉื ื™
06:14
that's what gave us the Sistine Chapel.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
06:17
Michelangelo was so committed to this project,
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ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
06:20
that he succeeded in getting the job done in three and a half years,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ื
06:24
using a skeleton crew and spending most of the time, hours on end,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืขื•ืช,
06:29
reaching up above his head to paint the stories on the ceiling.
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ื‘ื”ื•ืฉื˜ืช ื™ื“ื• ืžืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืจื”.
06:33
So let's look at this ceiling
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืจื”
06:35
and see storytelling gone global.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืื™ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™.
06:38
No more familiar artistic references to the world around you.
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ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื–ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘.
06:42
There's just space and structure and energy;
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืจืง ืžืจื—ื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
06:47
a monumental painted framework which opens onto nine panels,
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ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจืช ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื ืคืชื—ืช ืœืชื•ืš ืชืฉืขื” ืคืื ืœื™ื,
06:52
more driven by sculptural form than painterly color.
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ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืคื•ืกืœืช ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื‘ืข.
06:56
And we stand in the far end by the entrance,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืœื™ื“ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื”,
06:59
far from the altar and from the gated enclosure intended for the clergy
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ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืžื”ืžืชื—ื ื”ืžื’ื•ื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื›ืžื•ืจื”
07:03
and we peer into the distance, looking for a beginning.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง, ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
07:09
And whether in scientific inquiry or in biblical tradition,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืื• ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืชื "ื›ื™ืช
07:13
we think in terms of a primal spark.
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืงืžืื™.
07:16
Michelangelo gave us an initial energy
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ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช
07:18
when he gave us the separation of light and dark,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš,
07:21
a churning figure blurry in the distance,
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ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื›ืคื›ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง,
07:24
compressed into a tight space.
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ื“ื—ื•ืกื” ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆืจ.
07:27
The next figure looms larger,
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืชื ืฉืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื”,
07:29
and you see a figure hurtling from one side to the next.
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœืช ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“.
07:33
He leaves in his wake the sun, the moon, vegetation.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื”ื™ืจื— ื•ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื”.
07:38
Michelangelo didn't focus on the stuff that was being created,
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ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ืœื ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื,
07:42
unlike all the other artists.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืืžื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื,
07:44
He focused on the act of creation.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืขืฆืžื•.
07:47
And then the movement stops, like a caesura in poetry
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ืคืกืงืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืืชื ื—ืชื” ืฉื™ืจืชื™ืช
07:52
and the creator hovers.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืžืจื—ืฃ.
07:53
So what's he doing?
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ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”?
07:54
Is he creating land? Is he creating sea?
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื?
07:57
Or is he looking back over his handiwork, the universe and his treasures,
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ืื• ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื•ืื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื•,
08:02
just like Michelangelo must have,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืขืฉื” ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื•,
08:04
looking back over his work in the ceiling
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ื›ืฉื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืจื”
08:06
and proclaiming, "It is good."
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ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื– "ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘".
08:10
So now the scene is set,
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืจืงืข ืžื•ื›ืŸ,
08:12
and you get to the culmination of creation, which is man.
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ื•ืืชื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืคืกื’ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื.
08:16
Adam leaps to the eye, a light figure against a dark background.
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ืื“ื ืงื•ืคืฅ ืืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจืงืข ื”ื›ื”ื”.
08:20
But looking closer,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:22
that leg is pretty languid on the ground,
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ืจื’ืœื• ืจืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”,
08:25
the arm is heavy on the knee.
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ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื ื—ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจืš.
08:27
Adam lacks that interior spark
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ืœืื“ื ื—ืกืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™
08:31
that will impel him to greatness.
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ืฉื™ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
08:33
That spark is about to be conferred by the creator in that finger,
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ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื™ื•ืขื ืง ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื“ืจืš ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื”ื–ื•,
08:38
which is one millimeter from the hand of Adam.
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ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื.
08:40
It puts us at the edge of our seats,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืชื—,
08:42
because we're one moment from that contact,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื’ืข ื”ื–ื”,
08:45
through which that man will discover his purpose,
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ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ื™ื’ืœื” ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื™ืขื•ื“ื•,
08:48
leap up and take his place at the pinnacle of creation.
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ื™ื–ื ืง ื•ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืคืกื’ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
08:51
And then Michelangelo threw a curveball.
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ื•ืื– ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื”ืคืชื™ืข.
08:55
Who is in that other arm?
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ืžื™ ื–ื” ืฉื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื”?
08:57
Eve, first woman.
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ื—ื•ื•ื”, ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
08:59
No, she's not an afterthought. She's part of the plan.
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ืœื, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช.
09:02
She's always been in his mind.
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ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื”.
09:04
Look at her, so intimate with God that her hand curls around his arm.
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ืชืจืื• ืื•ืชื”, ื›ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื” ืžืชืคืชืœืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื–ืจื•ืขื•.
09:09
And for me, an American art historian from the 21st century,
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ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-21,
09:14
this was the moment that the painting spoke to me.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืืœื™.
09:17
Because I realized that this representation of the human drama
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืžื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
09:21
was always about men and women --
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืกืง ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื,
09:23
so much so, that the dead center, the heart of the ceiling,
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืจื”,
09:27
is the creation of woman, not Adam.
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ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื™ืืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ืœื ืื“ื.
09:30
And the fact is, that when you see them together in the Garden of Eden,
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ,
09:34
they fall together
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•
09:35
and together their proud posture turns into folded shame.
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ื•ื™ื—ื“ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ืชื ื”ื’ืื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ื›ืคื•ืคื”.
09:40
You are at critical juncture now in the ceiling.
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ืืชื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชืงืจื”.
09:43
You are exactly at the point where you and I can go
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ืืชื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ืืชื ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
09:46
no further into the church.
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ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืขื•ื“ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื”.
09:47
The gated enclosure keeps us out of the inner sanctum,
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ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ื“ืจ ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
09:51
and we are cast out much like Adam and Eve.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื•ืฉืœื›ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื“ื ื•ื—ื•ื•ื”.
09:53
The remaining scenes in the ceiling,
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ื™ืชืจ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืจื”,
09:55
they mirror the crowded chaos of the world around us.
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ืžืฉืงืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืื•ืก ื”ืฆืคื•ืฃ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•.
09:58
You have Noah and his Ark and the flood.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื ื—, ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ.
10:00
You have Noah. He's making a sacrifice and a covenant with God.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื ื—. ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
10:04
Maybe he's the savior.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื™ืข.
10:06
Oh, but no, Noah is the one who grew grapes, invented wine,
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ื”ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœื. ื ื— ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื’ื™ื“ืœ ืขื ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ,
10:09
got drunk and passed out naked in his barn.
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ื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื•ื”ืชืขืœืฃ, ืขื™ืจื•ื ื‘ืืกื.
10:12
It is a curious way to design the ceiling,
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ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ืชื™ืงืจื”.
10:14
now starting out with God creating life,
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื™ื™ื
10:16
ending up with some guy blind drunk in a barn.
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ื•ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืืกื.
10:19
And so, compared with Adam,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืื“ื
10:21
you might think Michelangelo is making fun of us.
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ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ืœื•ืขื’ ืœื ื•.
10:24
But he's about to dispel the gloom
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืคื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืงื“ืจื•ืช
10:26
by using those bright colors right underneath Noah:
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ืช ืœื ื—:
10:30
emerald, topaz, scarlet on the prophet Zechariah.
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ื‘ืจืงืช, ื˜ื•ืคื–, ืืจื’ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื”.
10:33
Zechariah foresees a light coming from the east,
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ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—,
10:36
and we are turned at this juncture to a new destination,
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ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ื–ื• ืื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืขื“ ื—ื“ืฉ,
10:40
with sibyls and prophets who will lead us on a parade.
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ืขื ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื•ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆืขื“.
10:44
You have the heroes and heroines who make safe the way,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš,
10:47
and we follow the mothers and fathers.
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ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื•ืช.
10:50
They are the motors of this great human engine, driving it forward.
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ื”ื ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
10:54
And now we're at the keystone of the ceiling,
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืงืจื”,
10:57
the culmination of the whole thing,
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ืคืกื’ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•,
10:59
with a figure that looks like he's about to fall out of his space
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ืขื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืžืงื•ืžื”
11:02
into our space,
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ืืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื•,
11:04
encroaching our space.
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ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
11:05
This is the most important juncture.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฆื•ืžืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:07
Past meets present.
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ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”.
11:09
This figure, Jonah, who spent three days in the belly of the whale,
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ื“ืžื•ืช ื–ื•, ื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ,
11:13
for the Christians, is the symbol of the renewal of humanity
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืกืžืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
11:15
through Jesus' sacrifice,
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ื“ืจืš ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•,
11:17
but for the multitudes of visitors to that museum
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ืืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ
11:19
from all faiths who visit there every day,
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช, ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืฉื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื,
11:22
he is the moment the distant past encounters and meets immediate reality.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
11:30
All of this brings us to the yawning archway of the altar wall,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืงืฉืช ื”ืžืคื”ืงืช ื‘ืงื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—,
11:34
where we see Michelangelo's Last Judgment,
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ืฉื ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื•,
11:37
painted in 1534 after the world had changed again.
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ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1534, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช.
11:41
The Reformation had splintered the Church,
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ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืคื™ืฆืœื” ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื”,
11:43
the Ottoman Empire had made Islam a household word
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ื”ืื™ืคืจื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืช'ืžืื ื™ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืกืœืื ืœืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ
11:46
and Magellan had found a route into the Pacific Ocean.
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ื•ืžื’ืœืŸ ืžืฆื ื ืชื™ื‘ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
11:49
How is a 59-year-old artist who has never been any further than Venice
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืžืŸ ื‘ืŸ 59 ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื•ื ืฆื™ื”
11:54
going to speak to this new world?
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ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ?
11:56
Michelangelo chose to paint destiny,
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ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ,
11:59
that universal desire,
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ืื•ืชื” ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช,
12:01
common to all of us,
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•,
12:03
to leave a legacy of excellence.
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ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
12:06
Told in terms of the Christian vision of the Last Judgment,
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ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
12:09
the end of the world,
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ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
12:10
Michelangelo gave you a series of figures
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ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื ืชืŸ ืกื“ืจืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
12:13
who are wearing these strikingly beautiful bodies.
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ื”ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
12:17
They have no more covers, no more portraits
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช
12:19
except for a couple.
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ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื”.
12:21
It's a composition only out of bodies,
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ื–ื• ืงื•ืžืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
12:23
391, no two alike,
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391, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื,
12:27
unique like each and every one of us.
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ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
12:29
They start in the lower corner, breaking away from the ground,
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืžืชื ืชืงื™ื ืžื”ืื“ืžื”,
12:33
struggling and trying to rise.
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ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื.
12:36
Those who have risen reach back to help others,
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ืืœื• ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื• ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ื“ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื,
12:38
and in one amazing vignette,
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื•ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“,
12:40
you have a black man and a white man pulled up together
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ื™ืฉื ื ืื™ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื™ื—ื“
12:43
in an incredible vision of human unity
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ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
12:46
in this new world.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
12:47
The lion's share of the space goes to the winner's circle.
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ื—ืœืง ื”ืืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื—ื•ื’ ื”ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื.
12:51
There you find men and women completely nude like athletes.
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ืฉื ืชืžืฆืื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ืžื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ืืชืœื˜ื™ื.
12:56
They are the ones who have overcome adversity,
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืงื”,
12:58
and Michelangelo's vision of people who combat adversity,
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ื•ื‘ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”,
13:02
overcome obstacles --
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ื•ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื
13:03
they're just like athletes.
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืืชืœื˜ื™ื.
13:05
So you have men and women flexing and posing
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ืื– ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ื–ื•ืช
13:09
in this extraordinary spotlight.
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ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจืงื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ื”ื–ื”.
13:11
Presiding over this assembly is Jesus,
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ืžื™ ืฉืžื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืืกื™ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื•,
13:14
first a suffering man on the cross,
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ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืื“ื ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื‘,
13:16
now a glorious ruler in Heaven.
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ื›ืขืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืžืคื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ.
13:18
And as Michelangelo proved in his painting,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื•,
13:21
hardship, setbacks and obstacles,
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ืงื•ืฉื™ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื,
13:24
they don't limit excellence, they forge it.
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ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ื ืžื—ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
13:28
Now, this does lead us to one odd thing.
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ื›ืขืช, ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื–ืจ ืื—ื“.
13:30
This is the Pope's private chapel,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ,
13:32
and the best way you can describe that is indeed a stew of nudes.
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืืจ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื.
13:35
But Michelangelo was trying to use only the best artistic language,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:39
the most universal artistic language he could think of:
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ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช:
13:42
that of the human body.
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ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื.
13:44
And so instead of the way of showing virtue such as fortitude or self-mastery,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžืขืœื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืง ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
13:49
he borrowed from Julius II's wonderful collection of sculptures
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืžืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ื”ืฉื ื™
13:54
in order to show inner strength as external power.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืจืื” ื—ื•ื–ืง ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื›ื›ื— ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
13:59
Now, one contemporary did write
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ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื–ืžื ื™ ื›ืชื‘
14:02
that the chapel was too beautiful to not cause controversy.
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ืฉื”ืงืคืœื” ื™ืคื” ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช.
14:06
And so it did.
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ื•ื›ืš ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื”.
14:08
Michelangelo soon found that thanks to the printing press,
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ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”,
14:11
complaints about the nudity spread all over the place,
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ืฉื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
14:14
and soon his masterpiece of human drama was labeled pornography,
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื”, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืคืช ืฉืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืžื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืชื•ื™ื™ื’ื” ื›ืคื•ืจื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”,
14:19
at which point he added two more portraits,
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื• ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ืคื•ืจื˜ืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
14:21
one of the man who criticized him, a papal courtier,
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ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจ ืื•ืชื•, ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ,
14:23
and the other one of himself as a dried up husk, no athlete,
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืงืœื™ืคื” ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืœื ืืชืœื˜,
14:27
in the hands of a long-suffering martyr.
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจื˜ื™ืจ ืฉืกื‘ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
14:30
The year he died he saw several of these figures covered over,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื›ื•ืกื•ืช,
14:34
a triumph for trivial distractions over his great exhortation to glory.
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ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื˜ืคื” ืฉืœื• ืœืชื”ื™ืœื”.
14:40
And so now we stand
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื
14:41
in the here and now.
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ืคื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
14:43
We are caught in that space
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ืื ื• ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”
14:46
between beginnings and endings,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืกื•ืฃ,
14:48
in the great, huge totality of the human experience.
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
14:52
The Sistine Chapel forces us to look around as if it were a mirror.
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ื”ืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืจืื”.
14:56
Who am I in this picture?
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ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•?
14:57
Am I one of the crowd?
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื”ืœ?
14:59
Am I the drunk guy?
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ?
15:00
Am I the athlete?
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื”ืืชืœื˜?
15:02
And as we leave this haven of uplifting beauty,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื–ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™,
15:04
we are inspired to ask ourselves life's biggest questions:
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ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื:
15:08
Who am I, and what role do I play in this great theater of life?
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ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื?
15:13
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:18
Bruno Giussani: Elizabeth Lev, thank you.
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ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช ืœื‘, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
15:21
Elizabeth, you mentioned this whole issue of pornography,
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ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช, ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื•ืจื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”,
15:25
too many nudes and too many daily life scenes and improper things
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืกืฆื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืžื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื
15:30
in the eyes of the time.
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”.
15:32
But actually the story is bigger.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
15:34
It's not just touching up and covering up some of the figures.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
15:37
This work of art was almost destroyed because of that.
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ืฉืžื“ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”.
15:40
Elizabeth Lev: The effect of the Last Judgment was enormous.
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
15:43
The printing press made sure that everybody saw it.
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ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืจืื• ืื•ืชื•.
15:46
And so, this wasn't something that happened within a couple of weeks.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
15:49
It was something that happened over the space of 20 years
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืžืขื˜ 20 ืฉื ื™ื
15:54
of editorials and complaints,
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ืฉืœ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช,
15:56
saying to the Church,
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ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืกื™ื”,
15:57
"You can't possibly tell us how to live our lives.
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"ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
15:59
Did you notice you have pornography in the Pope's chapel?"
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ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืคื•ืจื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื‘ืงืคืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ?"
16:03
And so after complaints and insistence
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ื•ื›ืš, ืœืื—ืจ ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืงืฉื•ืช
16:05
of trying to get this work destroyed,
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืจืก ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”,
16:08
it was finally the year that Michelangelo died
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื” ืžื™ื›ืืœืื ื’'ืœื• ืžืช
16:10
that the Church finally found a compromise,
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื” ืขืœ ืคืฉืจื”,
16:12
a way to save the painting,
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ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ,
16:14
and that was in putting up these extra 30 covers,
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ 30 ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื,
16:17
and that happens to be the origin of fig-leafing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืื ื”.
16:20
That's where it all came about,
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ืžืฉื ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ,
16:22
and it came about from a church that was trying to save a work of art,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื›ื ืกื™ื” ืฉื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช,
16:26
not indeed deface or destroyed it.
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ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ืื• ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื”.
16:28
BG: This, what you just gave us, is not the classic tour
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ืžื” ืฉื ืชืช ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืกื™ื•ืจ ื”ืงืœืืกื™
16:31
that people get today when they go to the Sistine Chapel.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืงืคืœื” ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
16:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:36
EL: I don't know, is that an ad?
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื–ื• ืคืจืกื•ืžืช?
16:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:40
BG: No, no, no, not necessarily, it is a statement.
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ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—, ื–ื• ื”ืฆื”ืจื”.
16:43
The experience of art today is encountering problems.
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื.
16:47
Too many people want to see this there,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื,
16:50
and the result is five million people going through that tiny door
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจ ื”ื“ืœืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื
16:53
and experiencing it in a completely different way
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ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
16:55
than we just did.
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ืžืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข.
16:56
EL: Right. I agree. I think it's really nice to be able to pause and look.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื”. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืื“ ื ื—ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ.
17:00
But also realize, even when you're in those days,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
17:02
with 28,000 people a day,
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ืขื 28,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื,
17:04
even those days when you're in there with all those other people,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืชื ืฉื ืขื ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื,
17:07
look around you and think how amazing it is
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื ื•ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื–ื”
17:10
that some painted plaster from 500 years ago
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ืฉื’ื‘ืก ืžืฆื•ื™ืจ ืžืœืคื ื™ 500 ืฉื ื™ื
17:13
can still draw all those people standing side by side with you,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื“ื›ื,
17:17
looking upwards with their jaws dropped.
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ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืขื ืœืกืชื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืžื•ื˜ื•ืช.
17:19
It's a great statement about how beauty truly can speak to us all
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ื–ื• ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•
17:24
through time and through geographic space.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืจื—ื‘.
17:26
BG: Liz, grazie.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
17:27
EL: Grazie a te.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
17:29
BG: Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
17:30
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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