Fred Swaniker: The leaders who ruined Africa, and the generation who can fix it

258,923 views ใƒป 2014-10-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shir Ben Asher Kestin ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I experienced my first coup d'รฉtat at the age of four.
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืืจื‘ืข.
00:17
Because of the coup d'รฉtat,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืคื™ื›ื”,
00:18
my family had to leave my native home of Ghana
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื ืืœืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื•ืœื“ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื’ืื ื”
00:21
and move to the Gambia.
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ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื’ืžื‘ื™ื”.
00:24
As luck would have it,
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ื‘ืชื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ,
00:25
six months after we arrived,
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ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื•,
00:27
they too had a military coup.
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ื’ื ืฉื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืฆื‘ืื™ืช.
00:30
I vividly remember being woken up in the middle of the night
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืขื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”
00:33
and gathering the few belongings we could
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ื•ืื™ืš ืืกืคื ื• ืืช ืžืขื˜ ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืืกื•ืฃ
00:35
and walking for about two hours
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ื•ื”ืœื›ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื
00:38
to a safe house.
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ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžืกืชื•ืจ.
00:40
For a week, we slept under our beds
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
00:43
because we were worried that bullets might fly through the window.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืคื—ื“ื ื• ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืงื• ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
00:47
Then, at the age of eight,
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ืื–, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื”,
00:50
we moved to Botswana.
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœื‘ื•ืฆื•ืื ื”.
00:52
This time, it was different.
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ื”ืคืขื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
00:54
There were no coups.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืคื™ื›ื•ืช.
00:56
Everything worked. Great education.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื“. ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื ื”ื“ืจ.
ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช
00:59
They had such good infrastructure that even at the time they had
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ื›ืš ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื– ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื
01:02
a fiber-optic telephone system,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืกื™ื‘ ืื•ืคื˜ื™,
01:04
long before it had reached Western countries.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช.
01:09
The only thing they didn't have
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื
01:11
is that they didn't have
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ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื
01:12
their own national television station,
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ืชื—ื ืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื,
01:15
and so I remember watching
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื™
01:17
TV from neighboring South Africa,
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ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื›ื ื”,
01:19
and watching Nelson Mandela in jail
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœื
01:22
being offered a chance to come out
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ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ
01:24
if he would give up the apartheid struggle.
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“.
01:27
But he didn't. He refused to do that
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ. ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
01:28
until he actually achieved his objective
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื•
01:30
of freeing South Africa from apartheid.
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ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“.
01:33
And I remember feeling how just one good leader
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืื™ืš ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
01:37
could make such a big difference in Africa.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
01:42
Then at the age of 12,
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ืื– ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 12,
01:44
my family sent me to high school in Zimbabwe.
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื™ืžื‘ื‘ื•ื•ืื”.
01:48
Initially, this too was amazing:
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื:
01:51
growing economy, excellent infrastructure,
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ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช,
01:56
and it seemed like it was a model
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื“ืœ
01:58
for economic development in Africa.
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ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
02:01
I graduated from high school in Zimbabwe
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ืกื™ื™ืžื ืชื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื™ืžื‘ื‘ื•ื•ืื”
02:03
and I went off to college.
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืงื•ืœื’'.
02:05
Six years later, I returned to the country.
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ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”.
02:09
Everything was different.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
02:11
It had shattered into pieces.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ืคืฆื” ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื.
02:14
Millions of people had emigrated,
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื’ืจื• ืžืžื ื”
02:17
the economy was in a shambles,
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื™ื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช,
02:19
and it seemed all of a sudden that 30 years
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ื“ืžื” ืคืชืื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• 30 ืฉื ื™ื
02:21
of development had been wiped out.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื ืžื—ืงื•.
02:23
How could a country go so bad so fast?
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ืื™ืš ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงืœืงืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ?
02:27
Most people would agree
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื•
02:28
that it's all because of leadership.
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
02:31
One man, President Robert Mugabe,
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ืื“ื ืื—ื“, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืžื•ื’ืื‘ื”,
02:34
is almost single-handedly responsible
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ืื—ืจืื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื‘ื“ื•
02:36
for having destroyed this country.
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ืœื”ืจืก ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:39
Now, all these experiences of living in different
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื
02:41
parts of Africa growing up
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”
ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื™
02:43
did two things to me.
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ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:45
The first is it made me fall in love with Africa.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
02:49
Everywhere I went,
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ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ืœื›ืชื™,
02:51
I experienced the wonderful beauty of our continent
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืœื ื•
02:54
and saw the resilience and the spirit of our people,
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
02:57
and at the time, I realized that I wanted to dedicate
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ
02:59
the rest of my life to making this continent great.
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ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื“ืจืช.
03:04
But I also realized that making Africa great
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœื ื”ื“ืจืช
03:06
would require addressing this issue of leadership.
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ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
03:09
You see, all these countries I lived in,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืŸ,
03:11
the coups d'รฉtat
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ื”ื”ืคื™ื›ื•ืช
03:13
and the corruption I'd seen in Ghana and Gambia
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ื•ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื’ืื ื” ื•ื’ืžื‘ื™ื”
03:16
and in Zimbabwe,
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ื•ื‘ื–ื™ืžื‘ื‘ื•ื•ืื”,
03:19
contrasted with the wonderful examples I had seen
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ืชื™
03:23
in Botswana and in South Africa of good leadership.
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืฆื•ืื ื” ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
03:28
It made me realize that Africa would rise or fall
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ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ืชืงื•ื ืื• ืชื™ืคื•ืœ
03:32
because of the quality of our leaders.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื•.
03:36
Now, one might think, of course,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
03:38
leadership matters everywhere.
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
03:41
But if there's one thing you take away from my talk today, it is this:
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชื™ืงื—ื• ืขืžื›ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
ืงื—ื• ื–ืืช:
03:45
In Africa, more than anywhere else in the world,
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
03:48
the difference that just one good leader can make
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ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ
03:51
is much greater than anywhere else, and here's why.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”:
03:55
It's because in Africa, we have weak institutions,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื™ื,
03:58
like the judiciary, the constitution,
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ื›ืžื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ื—ื•ืงื”,
04:00
civil society and so forth.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
04:04
So here's a general rule of thumb that I believe in:
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื›ืœืœ ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื•:
04:07
When societies have strong institutions,
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ื›ืฉืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื,
04:10
the difference that one good leader can make is limited,
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ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ,
04:13
but when you have weak institutions,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื™ื,
04:16
then just one good leader
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ืื– ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
04:17
can make or break that country.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืื• ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
04:20
Let me make it a bit more concrete.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™.
04:23
You become the president of the United States.
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ืืชื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
04:26
You think, "Wow, I've arrived.
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ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, "ื•ืื•, ื”ื’ืขืชื™.
04:28
I'm the most powerful man in the world."
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ืื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื".
04:31
So you decide, perhaps let me pass a law.
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ืื– ืืชื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜, ืื•ืœื™ ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ืง.
04:35
All of a sudden, Congress taps you on the shoulder
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืžืงื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชืฃ
04:36
and says, "No, no, no, no, no, you can't do that."
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ "ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”."
04:40
You say, "Let me try this way."
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ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ "ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•."
04:42
The Senate comes and says, "Uh-uh,
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ื”ืกื ืื˜ ื‘ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ "ืื”-ืื”,
04:44
we don't think you can do that."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช."
04:47
You say, perhaps, "Let me print some money.
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ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ "ืื•ืœื™ ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืงืฆืช ื›ืกืฃ.
04:49
I think the economy needs a stimulus."
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื’ื™ืจื•ื™."
04:52
The central bank governor will think you're crazy.
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ื ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉื•ื’ืข.
04:53
You might get impeached for that.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื“ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”.
04:57
But if you become the president of Zimbabwe,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืžื‘ื‘ื•ื•ืื”,
04:59
and you say, "You know, I really like this job.
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ื•ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ "ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:02
I think I'd like to stay in it forever." (Laughter)
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืฉืืจ ื‘ื” ืœื ืฆื—." [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
05:07
Well, you just can.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ.
05:10
You decide you want to print money.
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ืืชื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ื›ืกืฃ.
05:12
You call the central bank governor and you say,
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ืืชื” ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœื ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจ:
05:14
"Please double the money supply."
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"ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชื›ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ."
05:16
He'll say, "Okay, yes, sir,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืืžืจ "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื›ืŸ, ืื“ื•ื ื™,
05:18
is there anything else I can do for you?"
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจืš?"
05:21
This is the power that African leaders have,
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื,
05:25
and this is why they make the most difference
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”ื ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™
05:29
on the continent.
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ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
05:31
The good news is that
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ
05:33
the quality of leadership in Africa has been improving.
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ืฉื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืคืจืช.
05:36
We've had three generations of leaders, in my mind.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื, ืœื“ืขืชื™.
05:39
Generation one are those who appeared
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื•
05:41
in the '50s and '60s.
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ื•ื”-60.
05:42
These are people like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื•ื•ืืžื” ื ืงืจื•ืžื” ืžื’ืื ื”
05:45
and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania.
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ื•ื’'ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ื ื™ื™ืจืจื” ืžื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”.
05:47
The legacy they left is that they brought independence to Africa.
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ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื”ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”.
05:50
They freed us from colonialism,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื—ืจืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื,
05:51
and let's give them credit for that.
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ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืš.
05:54
They were followed by generation two.
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ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™.
05:57
These are people that brought nothing
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื“ื‘ืจ
05:59
but havoc to Africa.
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืจืก ื•ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”.
06:01
Think warfare, corruption, human rights abuses.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื•ื—ืžื”, ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช, ื”ืคืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื.
06:04
This is the stereotype of the typical African leader
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ื–ื” ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืค ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™
06:06
that we typically think of:
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ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ:
06:08
Mobutu Sese Seko from Zaire,
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ืžื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื• ืกืกื” ืกืงื• ืžื–ืื™ืจ
06:10
Sani Abacha from Nigeria.
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ืกืื ื™ ืื‘ืืฆ'ื” ืžื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”.
06:12
The good news is that most of these leaders have moved on,
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืื™ืชื ื•,
06:15
and they were replaced by generation three.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
06:17
These are people like the late Nelson Mandela
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื” ื”ืžื ื•ื—
06:20
and most of the leaders that we see in Africa today,
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื•ื,
06:22
like Paul Kagame and so forth.
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ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืœ ืงื’ืืžื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
06:24
Now these leaders are by no means perfect,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื,
06:27
but the one thing they have done is that they have
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ืืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื•ื
06:29
cleaned up much of the mess of generation two.
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ืฉื”ื ื ื™ืงื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™.
06:32
They've stopped the fighting,
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ื”ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”.
06:34
and I call them the stabilizer generation.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”ื ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื‘.
06:37
They're much more accountable to their people,
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ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืขื ืฉืœื”ื,
06:39
they've improved macroeconomic policies,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ืคืจื• ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
06:42
and we are seeing for the first time
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ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”
06:44
Africa's growing, and in fact it's the second fastest
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ืืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฆื•ืžื—ืช, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื•ื”ื™
06:46
growing economic region in the world.
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:48
So these leaders are by no means perfect,
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ืื– ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื,
06:50
but they are by and large
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™
06:51
the best leaders we've seen in the last 50 years.
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ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื•
ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
06:56
So where to from here?
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ืื– ืœืืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ?
06:59
I believe that the next generation
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื
07:01
to come after this, generation four,
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ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™,
07:04
has a unique opportunity
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช
07:07
to transform the continent.
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
07:09
Specifically, they can do two things
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
07:11
that previous generations have not done.
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ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœื ืขืฉื•.
07:13
The first thing they need to do
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
07:15
is they need to create prosperity for the continent.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
07:18
Why is prosperity so important?
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ืœืžื” ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ื”ื•ื ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
07:20
Because none of the previous generations
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื
07:21
have been able to tackle this issue of poverty.
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
07:24
Africa today
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ืœืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื•ื
07:25
has the fastest growing population in the world,
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
07:28
but also is the poorest.
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ืืš ื’ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:31
By 2030, Africa will have a larger workforce than China,
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ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2030,
ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
07:34
and by 2050, it will have the largest workforce in the world.
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ื•ืขื“ 2050,
ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืืช ื›ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
07:38
One billion people will need jobs in Africa,
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ืžื™ืœื™ืื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื–ื“ืงืงื• ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
07:41
so if we don't grow our economies fast enough,
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ืื– ืื ืœื ื ืฆืžื™ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื”ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง,
07:43
we're sitting on a ticking time bomb,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืฆืฆื” ืžืชืงืชืงืช,
07:46
not just for Africa but for the entire world.
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ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
07:49
Let me show you an example
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”
07:51
of one person who is living up to this legacy
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ืœืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื—ื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ื•
07:53
of creating prosperity: Laetitia.
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ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’: ืœื˜ื™ืฉื™ื”.
07:56
Laetitia's a young woman from Kenya
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ืœื˜ื™ืฉื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืฉื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืžืงื ื™ื”
07:59
who at the age of 13 had to drop out of school
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ืฉื‘ื’ื™ืœ 13 ื ืืœืฆื” ืœื ืฉื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
08:01
because her family couldn't afford to pay fees for her.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื” ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“.
08:03
So she started her own business rearing rabbits,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืืจื ื‘ื™ื,
08:06
which happen to be a delicacy in this part of Kenya
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ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžืขื“ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื”
08:07
that she's from.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื”.
08:09
This business did so well that within a year,
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ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืชื•ืš ืฉื ื”
08:11
she was employing 15 women
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืกื™ืงื” 15 ื ืฉื™ื
08:13
and was able to generate enough income
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื”ื›ื ืกื”
08:15
that she was able to send herself to school,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
08:17
and through these women
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ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
08:18
fund another 65 children to go to school.
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ืœืžืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ 65 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
08:20
The profits that she generated,
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ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืงื”
08:22
she used that to build a school,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ,
08:24
and today she educates
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื ื›ืช
08:25
400 children in her community.
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400 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”.
08:28
And she's just turned 18.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื’ื™ืœ 18.
08:30
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
08:36
Another example is Erick Rajaonary.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืืจื™ืง ืจื’'ืื•ื ืจื™.
08:40
Erick comes from the island of Madagascar.
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ืืจื™ืง ื‘ื ืžื”ืื™ ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ.
08:43
Now, Erick realized that agriculture
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืจื™ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืงืœืื•ืช
08:46
would be the key to creating jobs
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืฉืจื•ืช
08:48
in the rural areas of Madagascar,
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ,
08:50
but he also realized that fertilizer was a very
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื”
08:52
expensive input for most farmers in Madagascar.
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ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ.
08:55
Madagascar has these very special bats
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ื‘ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ ื™ืฉ ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
08:58
that produce these droppings
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื’ืœืœื™ื
09:00
that are very high in nutrients.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื.
09:02
In 2006, Erick quit his job as a chartered accountant
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ื‘-2006, ืืจื™ืง ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื›ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
09:05
and started a company to manufacture
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ื•ื”ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
09:07
fertilizer from the bat droppings.
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ื“ืฉืŸ ืžื’ืœืœื™ ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื.
09:11
Today, Erick has built a business
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ืืจื™ืง ื‘ื ื” ืขืกืง
09:13
that generates several million dollars of revenue,
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ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื,
09:16
and he employs 70 people full time
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืขืกื™ืง 70 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”
09:19
and another 800 people during the season
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ื•-800 ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขื•ื ื”
09:20
when the bats drop their droppings the most.
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ื‘ื” ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื’ืœืœื™ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
09:23
Now, what I like about this story
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
09:26
is that it shows that opportunities to create prosperity
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ืฉื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’
09:30
can be found almost anywhere.
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ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
09:32
Erick is known as the Batman.
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ืืจื™ืง ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขื˜ืœืฃ.
09:34
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:35
And who would have thought that you would have
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ื•ืžื™ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ
09:37
been able to build a multimillion-dollar business
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืกืง ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
09:40
employing so many people just from bat poo?
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ื•ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื
ืจืง ืžืงืงื™ ืฉืœ ืขื˜ืคืœื™ื?
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:47
The second thing that this generation needs to do
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช
09:51
is to create our institutions.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
09:53
They need to build these institutions such that we
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื›ืš
09:55
are never held to ransom again
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื•ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืขืจื•ื‘ื”
09:58
by a few individuals like Robert Mugabe.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืžื•ื’ืื‘ื”.
10:03
Now, all of this sounds great,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื ื”ื“ืจ,
10:06
but where are we going to get this generation four from?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื–ื”?
10:10
Do we just sit and hope that they emerge
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ื”ืื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉื‘ ื•ื ืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ื™ื—ื•
10:12
by chance, or that God gives them to us?
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ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ืื• ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื?
10:16
No, I don't think so.
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ืœื, ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘.
10:18
It's too important an issue for us to leave it to chance.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื”.
10:21
I believe that we need to create African institutions,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื,
10:24
home-grown, that will identify and develop
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ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื–ื”ื• ื•ื™ืคืชื—ื•
10:27
these leaders in a systematic, practical way.
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ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื•ืžืขืฉื™.
10:31
We've been doing this for the last 10 years
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
10:33
through the African Leadership Academy.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
10:35
Laetitia is one of our young leaders.
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ืœื˜ื™ืฉื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
10:38
Today, we have 700 of them that are being groomed
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 700 ืžื”ื, ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคื—ื™ื
10:40
for the African continent,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
10:42
and over the next 50 years,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช
10:43
we expect to create 6,000 of them.
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ืื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ 6,000 ืžื”ื.
10:46
But one thing has been troubling me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™.
10:49
We would get about 4,000 applications a year
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›-4000 ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื”
10:51
for 100 young leaders that we could take
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ 100 ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ
10:53
into this academy,
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ืœืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
10:54
and so I saw the tremendous hunger that existed
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ืื– ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขื‘ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืงื™ื™ื
10:56
for this leadership training that we're offering.
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ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื.
10:59
But we couldn't satisfy it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืกืคืง ืื•ืชื•.
11:02
So today, I'm announcing for the first time in public
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™
11:06
an extension to this vision for the African Leadership Academy.
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ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ
ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
11:11
We're building 25 brand new universities in Africa
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื 25 ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ืคื— ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื
11:16
that are going to cultivate this next generation
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11:18
of African leaders.
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ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื.
11:20
Each campus will have 10,000 leaders at a time
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ื›ืœ ืงืžืคื•ืก ื™ื›ื™ืœ 10,000 ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ
11:23
so we'll be educating and developing
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื—ื ืš ื•ื ืคืชื—
11:26
250,000 leaders at any given time.
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250,000 ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ.
11:29
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
11:36
Over the next 50 years, this institution
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื–ื”
11:38
will create three million transformative leaders
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ื™ืฆื•ืจ 3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
11:40
for the continent.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช.
11:42
My hope is that half of them
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ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื
11:44
will become the entrepreneurs that we need,
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ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื,
11:46
who will create these jobs that we need,
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ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื,
11:47
and the other half
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ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™
11:49
will go into government
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ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
11:51
and the nonprofit sector,
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ื•ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—,
11:52
and they will build the institutions that we need.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื.
11:56
But they won't just learn academics.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืจืง ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื.
11:59
They will also learn how to become leaders,
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ื”ื ื’ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื,
12:02
and they will develop their skills as entrepreneurs.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืคืชื—ื• ืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื”ื ื›ื™ื–ืžื™ื,
12:04
So think of this as Africa's Ivy League,
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืชื•ืจ
ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
12:07
but instead of getting admitted because of your SAT scores
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš
12:11
or because of how much money you have
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ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš
12:13
or which family you come from,
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ืื• ืžืื™ื–ื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืชื” ื‘ื,
12:14
the main criteria for getting into this university
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ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœืงื‘ืœื” ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•
12:17
will be what is the potential that you have
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื• ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš
12:19
for transforming Africa?
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ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”?
12:22
But what we're doing is just one group of institutions.
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช.
12:25
We cannot transform Africa by ourselves.
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ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ื“ื ื•.
12:30
My hope
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ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™
12:31
is that many, many other home-grown
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
12:33
African institutions will blossom,
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ื™ืฆืžื—ื• ื•ื™ืฉื’ืฉื’ื•,
12:37
and these institutions will all come together
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ื•ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“
12:39
with a common vision of developing
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ืœืžืขืš ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื—
12:41
this next generation of African leaders,
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื,
12:43
generation four,
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™,
12:45
and they will teach them this common message:
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื–ื”:
12:47
create jobs, build our institutions.
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ืฆืจื• ืžืฉืจื•ืช, ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:52
Nelson Mandela once said,
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ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื” ืคืขื ืืžืจ,
12:54
"Every now and then,
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"ื›ืœ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ,
12:56
a generation is called upon to be great.
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ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
12:59
You can be that great generation."
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”."
13:03
I believe that if we carefully identify and cultivate
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ืคื—
13:06
the next generation of African leaders,
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ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื,
13:09
then this generation four that is coming up
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ืื– ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข
13:12
will be the greatest generation that Africa
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื”
13:15
and indeed the entire world has ever seen.
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ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ืจืื” ืื™ ืคืขื.
13:20
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”
[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
13:22
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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