Fred Swaniker: The leaders who ruined Africa, and the generation who can fix it

258,117 views

2014-10-21 ใƒป TED


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Fred Swaniker: The leaders who ruined Africa, and the generation who can fix it

258,117 views ใƒป 2014-10-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sungho Yoo ๊ฒ€ํ† : chang bong jin
00:12
I experienced my first coup d'รฉtat at the age of four.
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์ €๋Š” ๋„ค ์‚ด์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Because of the coup d'รฉtat,
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
00:18
my family had to leave my native home of Ghana
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์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์ž ๋น„์•„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:21
and move to the Gambia.
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00:24
As luck would have it,
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๊ณต๊ต๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„,
00:25
six months after we arrived,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ์ง€ 6 ๊ฐœ์›” ๋งŒ์—
00:27
they too had a military coup.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
I vividly remember being woken up in the middle of the night
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
and gathering the few belongings we could
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ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง๋งŒ์„ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด
00:35
and walking for about two hours
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
to a safe house.
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00:40
For a week, we slept under our beds
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•Œ์ด ๋‚ ์•„์˜ฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘๋ ค์› ๋˜ ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
00:43
because we were worried that bullets might fly through the window.
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๋™์•ˆ ์นจ๋Œ€ ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ์ž ์„ ์ฒญํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:47
Then, at the age of eight,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ์‚ด์ด ๋˜๋˜ ํ•ด์—,
00:50
we moved to Botswana.
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์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋ณด์ธ ์™€๋‚˜๋กœ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
This time, it was different.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ข€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์–ด์š”.
00:54
There were no coups.
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์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
00:56
Everything worked. Great education.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋งž์•˜์ฃ .
์ข‹์€ ๊ต์œก์—, ๊ด‘์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์ „ํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
00:59
They had such good infrastructure that even at the time they had
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ–์ณ์ค˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
a fiber-optic telephone system,
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01:04
long before it had reached Western countries.
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๊ทธ๋• ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์„œ๋ฐฉ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ์ „์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:09
The only thing they didn't have
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๋ณด์ธ ์™€๋‚˜์— ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด
01:11
is that they didn't have
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01:12
their own national television station,
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๊ตญ์˜๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ตญ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
and so I remember watching
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ผ์นด์˜
01:17
TV from neighboring South Africa,
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๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ดค๋˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
and watching Nelson Mandela in jail
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์—์„œ
01:22
being offered a chance to come out
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์•„ํŒŒ๋ฅดํŠธํ—ค์ดํŠธ ์šด๋™์„ ์ฒ ํํ•˜๋ฉด
01:24
if he would give up the apartheid struggle.
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์„๋ฐฉํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:27
But he didn't. He refused to do that
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๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
until he actually achieved his objective
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒ๋ฅดํŠธํ—ค์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋Šช์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
01:30
of freeing South Africa from apartheid.
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01:33
And I remember feeling how just one good leader
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๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉฐ,
ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
01:37
could make such a big difference in Africa.
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๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Then at the age of 12,
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์—ด๋‘์‚ด์ด ๋˜๋˜ ํ•ด์—, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์ €๋ฅผ
01:44
my family sent me to high school in Zimbabwe.
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์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Initially, this too was amazing:
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋†€๋ž๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:51
growing economy, excellent infrastructure,
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๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ
01:56
and it seemed like it was a model
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ
01:58
for economic development in Africa.
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๋ฐœ์ „๋ชจ๋ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
I graduated from high school in Zimbabwe
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์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
and I went off to college.
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02:05
Six years later, I returned to the country.
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6๋…„ ํ›„, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:09
Everything was different.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ ธ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:11
It had shattered into pieces.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฐ์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ๋‚˜์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:14
Millions of people had emigrated,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏผ์„ ๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
02:17
the economy was in a shambles,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋ถ€์ง„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
and it seemed all of a sudden that 30 years
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์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ํ•œ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋“ฏํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:21
of development had been wiped out.
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02:23
How could a country go so bad so fast?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ถ”๋ฝํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:27
Most people would agree
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒŒ๋ฉธ์ด ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์—์„œ
02:28
that it's all because of leadership.
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๊ธฐ์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
One man, President Robert Mugabe,
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ฌด๊ฐ€๋ฒ  ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด
02:34
is almost single-handedly responsible
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ํŒŒ๋ฉธ์˜ ์ „์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋ผ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ณผ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
for having destroyed this country.
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02:39
Now, all these experiences of living in different
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:41
parts of Africa growing up
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์œ ๋…„ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์€
02:43
did two things to me.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
The first is it made me fall in love with Africa.
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์šฐ์„ , ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Everywhere I went,
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๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•„ํ”„๋ผ์นด์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๊ณ ,
02:51
I experienced the wonderful beauty of our continent
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:54
and saw the resilience and the spirit of our people,
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02:57
and at the time, I realized that I wanted to dedicate
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์ œ ์—ฌ์ƒ์„ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ”์น˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
the rest of my life to making this continent great.
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03:04
But I also realized that making Africa great
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด
03:06
would require addressing this issue of leadership.
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์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
You see, all these countries I lived in,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ
03:11
the coups d'รฉtat
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์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
03:13
and the corruption I'd seen in Ghana and Gambia
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๊ฐ€๋‚˜์™€ ์ž ๋น„์•„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:16
and in Zimbabwe,
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๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
contrasted with the wonderful examples I had seen
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์„ ํ•„๋‘๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ณด์ธ ์™€๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€๋Š”
03:23
in Botswana and in South Africa of good leadership.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:28
It made me realize that Africa would rise or fall
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉฐ, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
03:32
because of the quality of our leaders.
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ํฅ๋ง์„ฑ์‡ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•จ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Now, one might think, of course,
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์–ด๋–ค๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์ด ์ค‘์š”์น˜
03:38
leadership matters everywhere.
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์•Š์€ ๊ณณ์ด ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ๋˜๋ฌผ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
But if there's one thing you take away from my talk today, it is this:
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
In Africa, more than anywhere else in the world,
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์„ธ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š๊ณณ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„,
03:48
the difference that just one good leader can make
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€
03:51
is much greater than anywhere else, and here's why.
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์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
It's because in Africa, we have weak institutions,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€๋‚˜, ํ—Œ๋ฒ•, ๋˜๋Š”
03:58
like the judiciary, the constitution,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์น˜๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
04:00
civil society and so forth.
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๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
So here's a general rule of thumb that I believe in:
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๋‹ค์Œ์ด ์ €์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
When societies have strong institutions,
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ •์น˜๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•,
04:10
the difference that one good leader can make is limited,
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ํ•œ๋ช…์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
but when you have weak institutions,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€
04:16
then just one good leader
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๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:17
can make or break that country.
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ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํฅ๋ง์„ฑ์‡ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Let me make it a bit more concrete.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
04:23
You become the president of the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ์„ ,
04:26
You think, "Wow, I've arrived.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
04:28
I'm the most powerful man in the world."
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๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ž๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
So you decide, perhaps let me pass a law.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:35
All of a sudden, Congress taps you on the shoulder
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์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ํ†กํ†ก์น˜๋ฉฐ ๋งŒ๋ฅ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
and says, "No, no, no, no, no, you can't do that."
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"์•ˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ผ์ง€."
04:40
You say, "Let me try this way."
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
The Senate comes and says, "Uh-uh,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ƒ์›์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™€์„œ๋Š” ๋งŒ๋ฅ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
we don't think you can do that."
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"์•ˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ผ์ง€"
04:47
You say, perhaps, "Let me print some money.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ€์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ
04:49
I think the economy needs a stimulus."
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๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ค‘์•™ ์€ํ–‰์žฅ์€
04:52
The central bank governor will think you're crazy.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
You might get impeached for that.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํƒ„ํ•ต ๋‹นํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
But if you become the president of Zimbabwe,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:59
and you say, "You know, I really like this job.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ข€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹น์‹ ์ด "๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์•Œ์•„? ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ธ๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹๋‹ค?
05:02
I think I'd like to stay in it forever." (Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ‰์ƒ ํ• ๊นŒ๋ด" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:07
Well, you just can.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
You decide you want to print money.
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ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„๋•, ์ค‘์•™ ์€ํ–‰์žฅ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ
05:12
You call the central bank governor and you say,
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05:14
"Please double the money supply."
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ํ™”ํ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜๋ฉด
05:16
He'll say, "Okay, yes, sir,
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์€ํ–‰์žฅ์ด "๋„ค, ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋‹˜! ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณธ๋ถ€๋Š” ์—†์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
is there anything else I can do for you?"
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05:21
This is the power that African leaders have,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ,
05:25
and this is why they make the most difference
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํฅ๋ง์„ฑ์‡ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜
05:29
on the continent.
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์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
The good news is that
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ์ด
05:33
the quality of leadership in Africa has been improving.
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์ œ๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
We've had three generations of leaders, in my mind.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์— ์žˆ์–ด ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Generation one are those who appeared
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š”
05:41
in the '50s and '60s.
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5~60๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
These are people like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana
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๊ฐ€๋‚˜์˜ ์ฝฐ๋ฉ” ์€ํฌ๋ฃจ์•„์™€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์–ด์Šค
05:45
and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania.
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๋‹ˆ์—๋ ˆ๋ ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ฃ .
05:47
The legacy they left is that they brought independence to Africa.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ
๋…๋ฆฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
They freed us from colonialism,
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์ด๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹๋ฏผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:51
and let's give them credit for that.
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05:54
They were followed by generation two.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
These are people that brought nothing
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—
05:59
but havoc to Africa.
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06:01
Think warfare, corruption, human rights abuses.
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์ „์Ÿ, ๋ถ€ํŒจ, ์ธ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์ฐธ์‚ฌ๋งŒ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
06:04
This is the stereotype of the typical African leader
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์†์—
06:06
that we typically think of:
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๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์ ์ธ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
Mobutu Sese Seko from Zaire,
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์ž์ด๋ฅด์˜ ๋ชจ๋ถ€ํˆฌ ์„ธ์„ธ ์„ธ์ฝ”,
06:10
Sani Abacha from Nigeria.
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ ์•„๋ฐ”์ฐจ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ฃ .
06:12
The good news is that most of these leaders have moved on,
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๋‹คํ–‰์ด๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ถŒ์ขŒ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
and they were replaced by generation three.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ต์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:17
These are people like the late Nelson Mandela
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ๋ฅผ
06:20
and most of the leaders that we see in Africa today,
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๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ํด ์นด๊ฐ€๋ฉ” ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด
06:22
like Paul Kagame and so forth.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
Now these leaders are by no means perfect,
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์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
06:27
but the one thing they have done is that they have
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ์ฐธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
06:29
cleaned up much of the mess of generation two.
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์ •๋ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒํผ์€ ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
They've stopped the fighting,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—
06:34
and I call them the stabilizer generation.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
They're much more accountable to their people,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ ,
06:39
they've improved macroeconomic policies,
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๊ฑฐ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •์ฑ… ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
and we are seeing for the first time
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์ด ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋•๋ถ„์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
06:44
Africa's growing, and in fact it's the second fastest
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์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ชฉ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
growing economic region in the world.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด์ฃ .
06:48
So these leaders are by no means perfect,
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์ด ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ• ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
06:50
but they are by and large
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06:51
the best leaders we've seen in the last 50 years.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 50๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ํ‹€๋ฆผ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
So where to from here?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:59
I believe that the next generation
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•  ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€
07:01
to come after this, generation four,
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07:04
has a unique opportunity
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
to transform the continent.
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07:09
Specifically, they can do two things
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ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด์ „ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํฐ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:11
that previous generations have not done.
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07:13
The first thing they need to do
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์šฐ์„ , ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
is they need to create prosperity for the continent.
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07:18
Why is prosperity so important?
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:20
Because none of the previous generations
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๋ชจ๋“ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด
07:21
have been able to tackle this issue of poverty.
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Africa today
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š”
07:25
has the fastest growing population in the world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
but also is the poorest.
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07:31
By 2030, Africa will have a larger workforce than China,
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2030๋…„์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š”
์ค‘๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
07:34
and by 2050, it will have the largest workforce in the world.
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2050๋…„์—” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
One billion people will need jobs in Africa,
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10์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์š”ํ• ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
so if we don't grow our economies fast enough,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:43
we're sitting on a ticking time bomb,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
07:46
not just for Africa but for the entire world.
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์‹œํ•œํญํƒ„์„ ์†์— ์ฅ๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
Let me show you an example
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด,
07:51
of one person who is living up to this legacy
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์— ํ•œ๋ชซ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
07:53
of creating prosperity: Laetitia.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ผœ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์‹œ์•„
07:56
Laetitia's a young woman from Kenya
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์ผ€๋‚˜ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
07:59
who at the age of 13 had to drop out of school
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—,
08:01
because her family couldn't afford to pay fees for her.
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13์‚ด์— ํ•™์—…์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
So she started her own business rearing rabbits,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ† ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์œก ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:06
which happen to be a delicacy in this part of Kenya
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๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ํ† ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์œก์ด ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ์—,
08:07
that she's from.
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08:09
This business did so well that within a year,
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•˜์—ฌ
08:11
she was employing 15 women
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๊ณ ์ž‘ 1๋…„์•ˆ์— 15๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:13
and was able to generate enough income
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ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ์—
08:15
that she was able to send herself to school,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ž… ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
and through these women
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์œผ๋กœ 65๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„
08:18
fund another 65 children to go to school.
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
The profits that she generated,
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๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•œ
08:22
she used that to build a school,
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์ด์ต์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง€์–ด ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜
08:24
and today she educates
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400๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
08:25
400 children in her community.
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๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
And she's just turned 18.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ 18 ์‚ด์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:36
Another example is Erick Rajaonary.
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์—๋ฆญ ๋ผ์ž์˜ค๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:40
Erick comes from the island of Madagascar.
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์—๋ฆญ์€ ๋งˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์นด๋ฅด์„ฌ ์ถœ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Now, Erick realized that agriculture
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์นด๋ฅด ๋†์ดŒ์ง€์—ญ
08:46
would be the key to creating jobs
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์ง์—…์ฐฝ์ถœ์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:48
in the rural areas of Madagascar,
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08:50
but he also realized that fertilizer was a very
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๋น„์‹ผ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
expensive input for most farmers in Madagascar.
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08:55
Madagascar has these very special bats
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๋งˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์นด๋ฅด์—๋Š” ์˜์–‘๋ถ„ ๋†’์€
08:58
that produce these droppings
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๋ฐฐ๋ณ€์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
that are very high in nutrients.
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09:02
In 2006, Erick quit his job as a chartered accountant
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2006๋…„, ์—๋ฆญ์€ ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ 
09:05
and started a company to manufacture
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๋ฐ•์ฅ์˜ ๋˜ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
fertilizer from the bat droppings.
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09:11
Today, Erick has built a business
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์—๋ฆญ์€
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
09:13
that generates several million dollars of revenue,
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09:16
and he employs 70 people full time
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70๋ช…์˜ ์ •๊ทœ์ง์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
09:19
and another 800 people during the season
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‹ธ๋Š”์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
09:20
when the bats drop their droppings the most.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ 800๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Now, what I like about this story
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์—๋ฆญ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
09:26
is that it shows that opportunities to create prosperity
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๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ์ผ๊ตฌ์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋“ ์ง€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
can be found almost anywhere.
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09:32
Erick is known as the Batman.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋งจ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:35
And who would have thought that you would have
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์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
09:37
been able to build a multimillion-dollar business
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:40
employing so many people just from bat poo?
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๋ฐ•์ฅ ๋˜ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
09:47
The second thing that this generation needs to do
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๋‹ค์Œ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ผ์€
09:51
is to create our institutions.
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๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
They need to build these institutions such that we
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ฌด๊ฐ€๋ฒ  ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
09:55
are never held to ransom again
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๋‚˜์œ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํœ˜๋‘˜๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”,
09:58
by a few individuals like Robert Mugabe.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Now, all of this sounds great,
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์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:06
but where are we going to get this generation four from?
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์ด ์ž„๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์‹ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:10
Do we just sit and hope that they emerge
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๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์•‰์•„์„œ ์ด ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ–‰์šด์ด๋‚˜
10:12
by chance, or that God gives them to us?
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์‹ ์˜ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:16
No, I don't think so.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
It's too important an issue for us to leave it to chance.
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์šด์— ๋งก๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์š”.
10:21
I believe that we need to create African institutions,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ , ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์„
10:24
home-grown, that will identify and develop
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์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ตด, ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
10:27
these leaders in a systematic, practical way.
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๋…๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
We've been doing this for the last 10 years
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 10์—ฌ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ
10:33
through the African Leadership Academy.
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์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:35
Laetitia is one of our young leaders.
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๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œ์ž ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
Today, we have 700 of them that are being groomed
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ• 
10:40
for the African continent,
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700๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
and over the next 50 years,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ 50 ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
10:43
we expect to create 6,000 of them.
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6์ฒœ๋ช…์„ ๋” ์–‘์„ฑํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
But one thing has been troubling me.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
We would get about 4,000 applications a year
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ธ์›์€ 100๋ช…์ธ๋ฐ
10:51
for 100 young leaders that we could take
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๋งค๋…„ 4์ฒœ๋ช… ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
into this academy,
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10:54
and so I saw the tremendous hunger that existed
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์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ๊ต์œก์—
10:56
for this leadership training that we're offering.
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—ด๋ง์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:59
But we couldn't satisfy it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ด๋ง์„ ๋‹ค ์ฑ„์šธ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
So today, I'm announcing for the first time in public
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
๋Œ€์ค‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ
11:06
an extension to this vision for the African Leadership Academy.
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ํ™•์žฅ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„คํŒŒํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
We're building 25 brand new universities in Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋Œ€ํ•™ 25๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
11:16
that are going to cultivate this next generation
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์„
11:18
of African leaders.
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์ผ๊ตฌ์–ด ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
Each campus will have 10,000 leaders at a time
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๊ฐ ์บ ํผ์Šค๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ 1๋งŒ๋ช…์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—,
11:23
so we'll be educating and developing
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— 2์‹ญ 5๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜
11:26
250,000 leaders at any given time.
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๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œก, ์–‘์„ฑ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:36
Over the next 50 years, this institution
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 50๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜
11:38
will create three million transformative leaders
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ 3๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด
11:40
for the continent.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–‘์„ฑ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
My hope is that half of them
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์ œ ํฌ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
11:44
will become the entrepreneurs that we need,
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ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ,
11:46
who will create these jobs that we need,
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11:47
and the other half
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€
11:49
will go into government
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
11:51
and the nonprofit sector,
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์ธ์žฌ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
and they will build the institutions that we need.
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11:56
But they won't just learn academics.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ง€์‹๋งŒ์„๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์–บ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
They will also learn how to become leaders,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€,
12:02
and they will develop their skills as entrepreneurs.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ฃ .
12:04
So think of this as Africa's Ivy League,
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์ €ํฌ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์•„์ด๋น„๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…”๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
but instead of getting admitted because of your SAT scores
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
์ž…ํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด SAT ์ ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ, ๋˜๋Š” ์†ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
or because of how much money you have
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12:13
or which family you come from,
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12:14
the main criteria for getting into this university
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์ €ํฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ž…ํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ์—
12:17
will be what is the potential that you have
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
for transforming Africa?
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12:22
But what we're doing is just one group of institutions.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™๊ต๋Š”
์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:25
We cannot transform Africa by ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
My hope
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์ œ ํฌ๋ง์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด
12:31
is that many, many other home-grown
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12:33
African institutions will blossom,
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12:37
and these institutions will all come together
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
12:39
with a common vision of developing
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์–‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
this next generation of African leaders,
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12:43
generation four,
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๋Œ€
12:45
and they will teach them this common message:
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์—…์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:47
create jobs, build our institutions.
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๊ตณ๊ฑดํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
Nelson Mandela once said,
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๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
"Every now and then,
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"๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
a generation is called upon to be great.
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12:59
You can be that great generation."
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:03
I believe that if we carefully identify and cultivate
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
13:06
the next generation of African leaders,
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์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ˆ™๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ๊ตฌ์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:09
then this generation four that is coming up
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก 
13:12
will be the greatest generation that Africa
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌํƒœ๊ป ๋งˆ์ฃผ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š”
13:15
and indeed the entire world has ever seen.
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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