Jason Clay: How big brands can help save biodiversity

66,655 views ใƒป 2010-08-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
I grew up on a small farm in Missouri.
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ืกื•ืจื™,
00:19
We lived on less than a dollar a day
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื
00:21
for about 15 years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›-15 ืฉื ื”.
00:23
I got a scholarship, went to university,
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื™ืœื’ื”, ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”,
00:26
studied international agriculture, studied anthropology,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
00:29
and decided I was going to give back.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื”.
00:31
I was going to work with small farmers.
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ืื ื™ ืืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
00:33
I was going to help alleviate poverty.
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ืื ื™ ืืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
00:35
I was going to work on international development,
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ืื ื™ ืืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
00:38
and then I took a turn
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ื•ืื– ืคื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘
00:41
and ended up here.
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ.
00:44
Now, if you get a Ph.D., and you decide not to teach,
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ื•ืื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืœื ืœืœืžื“,
00:46
you don't always end up in a place like this.
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ื–ื”.
00:48
It's a choice. You might end up driving a taxicab.
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ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
00:51
You could be in New York.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง
00:55
What I found was,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™,
00:57
I started working with refugees and famine victims --
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืจืขื‘--
01:00
small farmers, all, or nearly all --
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ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื, ืื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื--
01:03
who had been dispossessed and displaced.
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ื ื•ืฉืœื• ืžืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื ืขืงืจื•.
01:07
Now, what I'd been trained to do
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
01:10
was methodological research on such people.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
01:13
So I did it: I found out how many women
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™: ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื
01:16
had been raped en route to these camps.
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ื ืื ืกื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
01:19
I found out how many people had been put in jail,
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื–ืจืงื• ืœื›ืœื,
01:22
how many family members had been killed.
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ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื ืจืฆื—ื•,
01:25
I assessed how long they were going to stay
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ื”ืขืจื›ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื
01:27
and how much it would take to feed them.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื™ืขืœื” ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื.
01:29
And I got really good at predicting
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ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™
01:31
how many body bags you would need
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ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉืงื™ ื’ื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื•
01:33
for the people who were going to die in these camps.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
01:36
Now this is God's work, but it's not my work.
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ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ืืš ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื–ื”.
01:39
It's not the work I set out to do.
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ื•ืœื ื–ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
01:45
So I was at a Grateful Dead benefit concert on the rainforests
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื, ืฉืœ "ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืคื•ืœ ื“ื“",
01:48
in 1988.
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ื‘-1988.
01:51
I met a guy -- the guy on the left.
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ-- ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืืœ.
01:54
His name was Ben.
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ.
01:56
He said, "What can I do to save the rainforests?"
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืžื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื?"
01:58
I said, "Well, Ben, what do you do?"
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ืขื ื™ืชื™, "ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืกืง?"
02:00
"I make ice cream."
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"ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื’ืœื™ื“ื”."
02:02
So I said, "Well, you've got to make
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื– ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ
02:04
a rainforest ice cream.
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ื’ืœื™ื“ืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช-ื’ืฉื.
02:06
And you've got to use nuts from the rainforests
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื
02:08
to show that forests are worth more as forests
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืขืจื•ืช
02:10
than they are as pasture."
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืจื™-ืžืจืขื”."
02:13
He said, "Okay."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื‘ืกื“ืจ."
02:15
Within a year,
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ื•ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื”
02:17
Rainforest Crunch was on the shelves.
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืคื™ื "ืคืฆืคื•ืฆื™ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื".
02:19
It was a great success.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
02:21
We did our first million-dollars-worth of trade
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
02:24
by buying on 30 days and selling on 21.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ+30 ื•ืžื›ืจื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ+21.
02:27
That gets your adrenaline going.
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ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ.
02:30
Then we had a four and a half million-dollar line of credit
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืงื• ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœ 4.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
02:32
because we were credit-worthy at that point.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืืฉืจืื™.
02:35
We had 15 to 20, maybe 22 percent
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 15-20, ืื•ืœื™ 22 ืื—ื•ื–
02:37
of the global Brazil-nut market.
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ืžื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
02:39
We paid two to three times more than anybody else.
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ืฉื™ืœืžื ื• ืคื™ 2 ืื• 3 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ
02:42
Everybody else raised their prices to the gatherers of Brazil nuts
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ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืขืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื• ืœืื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื
02:45
because we would buy it otherwise.
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ืื—ืจืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
02:49
A great success.
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
02:51
50 companies signed up, 200 products came out,
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• 50 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื™ื•ืฆืจื• 200 ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื,
02:54
generated 100 million in sales.
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
02:59
It failed.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ืฉืœ.
03:01
Why did it fail?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื ื›ืฉืœ?
03:03
Because the people who were gathering Brazil nuts
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ื›ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืกืคื• ืืช ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ
03:05
weren't the same people who were cutting the forests.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืชื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืจืชื• ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
03:08
And the people who made money from Brazil nuts
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ื•ืืœื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื›ืกืฃ ืžืื’ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ
03:11
were not the people who made money from cutting the forests.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื›ืกืฃ ืžื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
03:14
We were attacking the wrong driver.
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ื”ืจื‘ืฆื ื• ืœื ื”ื’ ื”ืœื-ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:16
We needed to be working on beef.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืœื‘ืฉืจ.
03:18
We needed to be working on lumber.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืฅ.
03:20
We needed to be working on soy --
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื™ื”--
03:22
things that we were not focused on.
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ื•ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ื.
03:25
So let's go back to Sudan.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกื•ื“ืŸ.
03:27
I often talk to refugees:
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื:
03:29
"Why was it that the West didn't realize
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"ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
03:32
that famines are caused by policies and politics,
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ืฉื”ืจืขื‘ ื ื’ืจื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
03:34
not by weather?"
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ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ?"
03:36
And this farmer said to me, one day,
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ื•ืื™ื›ืจ ืื—ื“ ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืคืขื
03:39
something that was very profound.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื“ ืžืขืžื™ืง.
03:41
He said, "You can't wake a person who's pretending to sleep."
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"ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ ื™ืฉืŸ."
03:44
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:46
Okay. Fast forward.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื ื“ืœื’ ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
03:49
We live on a planet.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช.
03:52
There's just one of them.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืง ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”.
03:54
We've got to wake up to the fact
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
03:56
that we don't have any more
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
03:58
and that this is a finite planet.
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ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
04:00
We know the limits of the resources we have.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
04:03
We may be able to use them differently.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ ืื•ืชื ืื—ืจืช.
04:05
We may have some innovative, new ideas.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
04:07
But in general, this is what we've got.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื–ื” ืžื” ื™ืฉ.
04:09
There's no more of it.
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ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:12
There's a basic equation that we can't get away from.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืžื•ืง ืžืžื ื”.
04:15
Population times consumption
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”,
04:17
has got to have some kind of relationship to the planet,
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช,
04:20
and right now, it's a simple "not equal."
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ื•ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ "ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื”".
04:24
Our work shows that we're living
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžืจืื”
04:26
at about 1.3 planets.
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ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ 1.3 ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ืœื›ืช.
04:28
Since 1990,
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ื‘-1990
04:30
we crossed the line
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ื—ืฆื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ
04:32
of being in a sustainable relationship to the planet.
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ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืจื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืขื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช.
04:35
Now we're at 1.3.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ 1.3.
04:37
If we were farmers, we'd be eating our seed.
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ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืงืœืื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืขืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:40
For bankers, we'd be living off the principal, not the interest.
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ื›ื‘ื ืงืื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืขืช ืžืชืคืจื ืกื™ื ืžื”ืงืจืŸ, ื•ืœื ืžื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช.
04:43
This is where we stand today.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:46
A lot of people like to point
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ
04:49
to some place else as the cause of the problem.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
04:52
It's always population growth.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
04:54
Population growth's important,
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ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
04:56
but it's also about how much each person consumes.
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ืืš ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆื•ืจืš.
05:00
So when the average American
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ืื– ื›ืฉื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
05:02
consumes 43 times as much
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ืฆื•ืจืš ืคื™ 43
05:05
as the average African,
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ืžื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
05:08
we've got to think that consumption is an issue.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื’ื ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื”.
05:10
It's not just about population,
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ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”,
05:12
and it's not just about them; it's about us.
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ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื”ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•.
05:16
But it's not just about people;
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื;
05:18
it's about lifestyles.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:20
There's very good evidence --
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ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“--
05:22
again, we don't necessarily have
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื™ื ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—
05:24
a peer-reviewed methodology
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ืœืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”
05:26
that's bulletproof yet --
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืžื›ืช--
05:28
but there's very good evidence
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืœื›ืš
05:30
that the average cat in Europe
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ืฉืœื—ืชื•ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
05:32
has a larger environmental footprint in its lifetime
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ื™ืฉ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช-ืจื’ืœ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื•,
05:35
than the average African.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
05:38
You think that's not an issue going forward?
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ื”ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืžืชืคืชื—ืช?
05:41
You think that's not a question
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ื”ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ืฉืืœื”
05:43
as to how we should be using the Earth's resources?
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ืฉื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื?
05:46
Let's go back and visit our equation.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœื ื•.
05:48
In 2000, we had six billion people on the planet.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:51
They were consuming what they were consuming --
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ื”ื ืฆืจื›ื• ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื›ื•--
05:53
let's say one unit of consumption each.
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ื ืืžืจ, ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช-ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืื—ืช ืœื ืคืฉ.
05:55
We have six billion units of consumption.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• 6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื”.
05:58
By 2050,
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ืขื“ 2050,
06:00
we're going to have nine billion people -- all the scientists agree.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื-- ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื.
06:03
They're all going to consume twice as much as they currently do --
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ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฆืจื›ื• ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืขืช--
06:06
scientists, again, agree --
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื--
06:08
because income is going to grow in developing countries
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ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชื’ื“ืœ
06:11
five times what it is today --
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ืคื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื™ื•ื--
06:13
on global average, about [2.9].
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ื•ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™, ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ 1.9.
06:15
So we're going to have 18 billion units of consumption.
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ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 18 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื”.
06:19
Who have you heard talking lately
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ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
06:22
that's said we have to triple production
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ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืœืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
06:24
of goods and services?
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ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื?
06:26
But that's what the math says.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘.
06:28
We're not going to be able to do that.
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ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื›ืš.
06:30
We can get productivity up.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
06:32
We can get efficiency up.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
06:34
But we've also got to get consumption down.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”.
06:38
We need to use less
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืคื—ื•ืช
06:40
to make more.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:42
And then we need to use less again.
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ื•ืœื ืฆืœ ืขื•ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช.
06:44
And then we need to consume less.
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ื•ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืขื•ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช.
06:46
All of those things are part of that equation.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”.
06:49
But it basically raises a fundamental question:
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ืืš ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ืฉืืœื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช:
06:52
should consumers have a choice
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”
06:54
about sustainability, about sustainable products?
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื?
06:57
Should you be able to buy a product that's sustainable
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื
06:59
sitting next to one that isn't,
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ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ ืœื™ื“ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื›ื–ื”,
07:01
or should all the products on the shelf be sustainable?
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ืื• ืฉืžื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืฃ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื?
07:06
If they should all be sustainable on a finite planet,
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ืื ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ,
07:09
how do you make that happen?
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ืื™ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš?
07:12
The average consumer takes 1.8 seconds in the U.S.
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ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช 1.8 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช
07:14
Okay, so let's be generous.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื:
07:16
Let's say it's 3.5 seconds in Europe.
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3.5 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
07:19
How do you evaluate all the scientific data
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ืื™ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื
07:22
around a product,
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ,
07:24
the data that's changing on a weekly, if not a daily, basis?
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ื•ื?
07:27
How do you get informed?
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ืื™ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ?
07:29
You don't.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข.
07:33
Here's a little question.
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ื”ื ื” ืฉืืœื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
07:35
From a greenhouse gas perspective,
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ืžื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”,
07:37
is lamb produced in the U.K.
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ื”ืื ื‘ืฉืจ-ื›ื‘ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
07:40
better than lamb produced in New Zealand,
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ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื‘ืฉืจ-ื›ื‘ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื–ื™ืœื ื“,
07:42
frozen and shipped to the U.K.?
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ื•ืžื•ืงืคื ื•ืžื•ื‘ืœ ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”?
07:45
Is a bad feeder lot operation for beef
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ื”ืื ืขืกืง ื’ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ื•ื ื‘ืงืจ
07:48
better or worse than
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืจืข ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:51
a bad grazing operation for beef?
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ืžืขืกืง ื’ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžืจืขื” ืœื‘ืงืจ?
07:53
Do organic potatoes
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ืชืคื•ื—ื™-ืื“ืžื” ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื:
07:55
actually have fewer toxic chemicals
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ื”ืื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืจืขื™ืœื™ื
07:57
used to produce them
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื
07:59
than conventional potatoes?
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืชืคื•ื—ื™-ืื“ืžื” ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื?
08:01
In every single case,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื•ืžืงืจื”
08:03
the answer is "it depends."
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: "ืชืœื•ื™".
08:05
It depends on who produced it and how,
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ืชืœื•ื™ ืžื™ ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื•ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื
08:08
in every single instance.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
08:10
And there are many others.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืืœื”.
08:12
How is a consumer going to walk through this minefield?
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ืื™ืš ืืžื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืงืฉื™ื ื”ื–ื”?
08:14
They're not.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ.
08:16
They may have a lot of opinions about it,
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื”,
08:18
but they're not going to be terribly informed.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ.
08:21
Sustainability has got to be a pre-competitive issue.
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ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช.
08:24
It's got to be something we all care about.
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
08:29
And we need collusion.
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ื•ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืงื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
08:31
We need groups to work together that never have.
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ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืคืขืœื• ื™ื—ื“.
08:34
We need Cargill to work with Bunge.
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ืฉ"ืงืจื’ื™ืœ" ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื "ื‘ืื ื’ื™".
08:37
We need Coke to work with Pepsi.
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ืฉ"ืงื•ืœื”" ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื "ืคืคืกื™".
08:40
We need Oxford to work with Cambridge.
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ืฉืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’'.
08:42
We need Greenpeace to work with WWF.
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ืฉ"ื’ืจื™ื ืคื™ืก" ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื "ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข".
08:44
Everybody's got to work together --
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ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“--
08:46
China and the U.S.
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ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืืจื”"ื‘.
08:48
We need to begin to manage this planet
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื”
08:50
as if our life depended on it,
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš,
08:52
because it does,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืš,
08:54
it fundamentally does.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘.
08:56
But we can't do everything.
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ืืš ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ.
08:58
Even if we get everybody working on it,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื ื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
09:00
we've got to be strategic.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืชื— ืื™ืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”.
09:02
We need to focus on the where,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘"ืื™ืคื”",
09:04
the what and the who.
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ื‘"ืžื”" ื•ื‘"ืžื™".
09:06
So, the where:
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ื”"ืื™ืคื”":
09:08
We've identified 35 places globally that we need to work.
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ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• 35 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
09:10
These are the places that are the richest in biodiversity
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ืืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:13
and the most important from an ecosystem function point-of-view.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
09:16
We have to work in these places.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
09:18
We have to save these places if we want a chance in hell
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื, ืื ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™
09:21
of preserving biodiversity as we know it.
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ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื•.
09:26
We looked at the threats to these places.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
09:28
These are the 15 commodities
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ืืœื” 15 ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช
09:30
that fundamentally pose the biggest threats
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:32
to these places
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
09:34
because of deforestation,
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ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช,
09:36
soil loss, water use, pesticide use,
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ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข, ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”,
09:39
over-fishing, etc.
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ื“ื™ื’ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื•ื›ื•'
09:44
So we've got 35 places,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 35 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช,
09:47
we've got 15 priority commodities,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 15 ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช,
09:49
who do we work with
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ืขื ืžื™ ื ืขื‘ื•ื“
09:51
to change the way those commodities are produced?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื”?
09:54
Are we going to work with 6.9 billion consumers?
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ื”ืื ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื 6.9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื?
09:58
Let's see, that's about 7,000 languages,
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ื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ืจืื”, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 7,000 ืฉืคื•ืช,
10:01
350 major languages --
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350 ืฉืคื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช--
10:03
a lot of work there.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
10:05
I don't see anybody actually being able
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื›ืœ
10:07
to do that very effectively.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
10:09
Are we going to work with 1.5 billion producers?
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ื”ืื ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื 1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื?
10:13
Again, a daunting task.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืจืคืช-ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
10:16
There must be a better way.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:19
300 to 500 companies
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 300 ืœ-350 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
10:21
control 70 percent or more
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ืฉื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘-70 ืื—ื•ื– ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:23
of the trade of each of the 15 commodities
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืž-15 ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช
10:26
that we've identified as the most significant.
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ืฉื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:29
If we work with those, if we change those companies
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ืื ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ, ืื ื ื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
10:32
and the way they do business,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื,
10:34
then the rest will happen automatically.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ืงืจื” ืžืขืฆืžื•.
10:38
So, we went through our 15 commodities.
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ืื– ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ 15 ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
10:40
This is nine of them.
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ืืœื” ืชืฉืข ืžื”ืŸ.
10:42
We lined them up side-by-side,
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ืกื™ื“ืจื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื–ื• ืœืฆื“ ื–ื•,
10:44
and we put the names of the companies that work
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ื•ืจืฉืžื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
10:46
on each of those.
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ืขื ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
10:49
And if you go through the first 25 or 30 names
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ืื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 25 ืื• 30 ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
10:51
of each of the commodities,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
10:53
what you begin to see is,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
10:55
gosh, there's Cargill here, there's Cargill there,
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ืจื’ืข, ื”ื ื” "ืงืจื’ื™ืœ", ื•ื”ื ื” "ืงืจื’ื™ืœ",
10:58
there's Cargill everywhere.
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"ืงืจื’ื™ืœ" ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
11:00
In fact, these names start coming up over and over again.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฆืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
11:03
So we did the analysis again a slightly different way.
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ืื– ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช.
11:07
We said: if we take the top hundred companies,
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ืืžืจื ื•: ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช 100 ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช,
11:10
what percentage
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื—ื•ื–
11:12
of all 15 commodities
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ืžื›ืœ 15 ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช
11:15
do they touch, buy or sell?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืขื”, ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื”?
11:18
And what we found is it's 25 percent.
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื–ื” 25 ืื—ื•ื–.
11:22
So 100 companies
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ืื– 100 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
11:24
control 25 percent of the trade
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ืฉื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘-25 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžืกื—ืจ
11:27
of all 15 of the most significant
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ื‘ื›ืœ 15 ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:29
commodities on the planet.
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ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื”.
11:32
We can get our arms around a hundred companies.
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ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ 100 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
11:35
A hundred companies, we can work with.
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100 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
11:38
Why is 25 percent important?
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ืžื“ื•ืข 25 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื?
11:41
Because if these companies demand sustainable products,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื,
11:44
they'll pull 40 to 50 percent of production.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ืžืฉื›ื• 40-50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
11:48
Companies can push producers
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
11:51
faster than consumers can.
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ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ.
11:54
By companies asking for this,
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ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ื–ืืช,
11:56
we can leverage production so much faster
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ
11:59
than by waiting for consumers to do it.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื ื—ื›ื” ืฉื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
12:01
After 40 years, the global organic movement
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ืื—ืจื™ 40 ืฉื ื”, ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
12:04
has achieved 0.7 of one percent
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ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื” ืขืœ 0.7 ืขื“ 1 ืื—ื•ื–
12:06
of global food.
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ืžื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
12:08
We can't wait that long.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”.
12:10
We don't have that kind of time.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
12:12
We need change
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™
12:14
that's going to accelerate.
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ืฉื™ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืชืื•ืฆื”.
12:17
Even working with individual companies
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
12:19
is not probably going to get us there.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ืขื“ ื”ื–ื”.
12:21
We need to begin to work with industries.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช.
12:24
So we've started roundtables
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-ืขื’ื•ืœ
12:26
where we bring together the entire value chain,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืจืฉืจื•ืช-ืขืจืš ืฉืœืžื•ืช
12:28
from producers
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื,
12:30
all the way to the retailers and brands.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื.
12:32
We bring in civil society, we bring in NGOs,
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ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื,
12:34
we bring in researchers and scientists
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ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื
12:36
to have an informed discussion --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ--
12:38
sometimes a battle royale --
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื•ื•ืช--
12:40
to figure out what are the key impacts
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช
12:43
of these products,
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ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื”,
12:45
what is a global benchmark,
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ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
12:46
what's an acceptable impact,
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช-ืขืœ-ื”ื“ืขืช,
12:48
and design standards around that.
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ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ืชืงื ื™ื.
12:52
It's not all fun and games.
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ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื™ืฃ ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื,
12:56
In salmon aquaculture,
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืกืœืžื•ืŸ,
12:58
we kicked off a roundtable
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ืคืชื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-ืขื’ื•ืœ
13:00
almost six years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
13:02
Eight entities came to the table.
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ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื.
13:05
We eventually got, I think, 60 percent
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืœ-60 ืื—ื•ื–
13:07
of global production at the table
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ืžื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ
13:09
and 25 percent of demand at the table.
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ื•ืœ-25 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
13:12
Three of the original eight entities were suing each other.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืž-8 ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืชื‘ืขื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
13:15
And yet, next week, we launch
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื, ืื ื• ืžืฉื™ืงื™ื
13:18
globally verified, vetted and certified
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ืชืงื ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื
13:21
standards for salmon aquaculture.
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ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ ืกืœืžื•ืŸ.
13:24
It can happen.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืจ-ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
13:26
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
13:33
So what brings
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ืื– ืžื” ืžื‘ื™ื
13:36
the different entities to the table?
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ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ?
13:40
It's risk and demand.
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ.
13:42
For the big companies, it's reputational risk,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ,
13:44
but more importantly,
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ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:46
they don't care what the price of commodities is.
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ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื”ืŸ ืžื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื”.
13:48
If they don't have commodities, they don't have a business.
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ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช, ื’ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืŸ ืขืกืงื™ื.
13:51
They care about availability,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช,
13:53
so the big risk for them is not having product at all.
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื.
13:56
For the producers,
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื,
13:58
if a buyer wants to buy something produced a certain way,
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ืื ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื,
14:01
that's what brings them to the table.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ:
14:03
So it's the demand that brings them to the table.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
14:06
The good news is
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ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ
14:08
we identified a hundred companies two years ago.
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ืฉื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• 100 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
14:10
In the last 18 months, we've signed agreements
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ื‘-18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื—ืชืžื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื
14:12
with 40 of those hundred companies
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ืขื 40 ืž-100 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื”
14:14
to begin to work with them on their supply chain.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
14:16
And in the next 18 months,
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ื•ื‘-18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
14:19
we will have signed up to work with another 40,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืขื ืขื•ื“ 40,
14:22
and we think we'll get those signed as well.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉื ื—ืชื™ื ื’ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
14:24
Now what we're doing is bringing the CEOs
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ืžื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื
14:26
of these 80 companies together
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ืฉืœ 80 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื”.
14:28
to help twist the arms of the final 20,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืคืฃ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ 20 ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื,
14:31
to bring them to the table,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
14:33
because they don't like NGOs, they've never worked with NGOs,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื™ืชื.
14:36
they're concerned about this, they're concerned about that,
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ื”ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื,
14:38
but we all need to be in this together.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื“ ืื—ืช.
14:40
So we're pulling out all the stops.
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ืื– ืื ื• ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฆื•ืจื™ื.
14:42
We're using whatever leverage we have to bring them to the table.
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ืœื ื ื‘ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
14:46
One company we're working with that's begun --
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื” ื”ื—ืœื”--
14:48
in baby steps, perhaps --
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ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื, ืื•ืœื™--
14:50
but has begun this journey on sustainability is Cargill.
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ืืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื” ืœืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื "ืงืจื’ื™ืœ".
14:53
They've funded research that shows
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ื”ื ืžื™ืžื ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื”ืจืื”
14:56
that we can double global palm oil production
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื“ืงืœื™ื
14:58
without cutting a single tree in the next 20 years,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื›ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื• ืขืฅ ืื—ื“ ื‘-20 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื•ืช
15:01
and do it all in Borneo alone
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืื•
15:03
by planting on land that's already degraded.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงืจืงืข ืฉื”ื•ืฉื—ืชื”.
15:05
The study shows that the highest net present value
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืขืจืš ื”ื ื˜ื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:08
for palm oil
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ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื“ืงืœื™ื
15:10
is on land that's been degraded.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืจืงืข ืฉื”ื•ืฉื—ืชื”.
15:13
They're also undertaking a study to look at
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ื”ื ื’ื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืŸ
15:15
all of their supplies of palm oil
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ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืกืคืงืช ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื“ืงืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
15:18
to see if they could be certified
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ
15:20
and what they would need to change in order to become third-party certified
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ื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื•ืจืฉื” ืžืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
15:23
under a credible certification program.
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ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืืžื™ื ื”
15:27
Why is Cargill important?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœ"ืงืจื’ื™ืœ"?
15:29
Because Cargill has 20 to 25 percent
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ื›ื™ "ืงืจื’ื™ืœ" ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘-20 ืขื“ 25 ืื—ื•ื–
15:31
of global palm oil.
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ืžืฉืžืŸ ื”ื“ืงืœื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
15:33
If Cargill makes a decision,
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ืื "ืงืจื’ื™ืœ" ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”,
15:35
the entire palm oil industry moves,
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ื›ืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื“ืงืœื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื–ื•ื–,
15:38
or at least 40 or 50 percent of it.
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช 40-50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืžื ื”.
15:40
That's not insignificant.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื”-ื‘ื›ืš.
15:42
More importantly, Cargill and one other company
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, "ืงืจื’ื™ืœ" ื•ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
15:44
ship 50 percent of the palm oil
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ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช 50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื“ืงืœื™ื
15:47
that goes to China.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืกื™ืŸ.
15:49
We don't have to change the way
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื•
15:51
a single Chinese company works
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ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช
15:53
if we get Cargill to only send
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ืื ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช "ืงืจื’ื™ืœ" ืœื›ืš ืฉืชืฉืœื— ืืš ื•ืจืง
15:55
sustainable palm oil to China.
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ืฉืžืŸ ื“ืงืœื™ื ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืกื™ืŸ.
15:58
It's a pre-competitive issue.
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืžืขืœ ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช.
16:00
All the palm oil going there is good.
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ื›ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื“ืงืœื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘.
16:02
Buy it.
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ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
16:04
Mars is also on a similar journey.
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ื’ื "ืžืจืก" ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืกืข ื“ื•ืžื”.
16:07
Now most people understand that Mars is a chocolate company,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉ"ืžืจืก" ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ื,
16:10
but Mars has made sustainability pledges
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ืืš "ืžืจืก" ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
16:12
to buy only certified product for all of its seafood.
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ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ืจืง ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืื›ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื”
16:15
It turns out Mars buys more seafood than Walmart
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉ"ืžืจืก" ืงื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื›ืœื™-ื™ื ืž"ื•ื•ืœ-ืžืืจื˜"
16:17
because of pet food.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช-ืžื—ืžื“.
16:19
But they're doing some really interesting things around chocolate,
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ืืš ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“,
16:22
and it all comes from the fact
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
16:24
that Mars wants to be in business in the future.
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ืฉ"ืžืจืก" ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
16:27
And what they see is that they need to
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ื•ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืคืจ
16:29
improve chocolate production.
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ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
16:32
On any given plantation,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื˜ืข ืฉื”ื•ื,
16:34
20 percent of the trees produce 80 percent of the crop,
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20 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืขืฆื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื 80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ,
16:37
so Mars is looking at the genome,
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ืื– "ืžืจืก" ื‘ื•ื“ืงืช ืืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื,
16:39
they're sequencing the genome of the cocoa plant.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืจืฆืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืขื™ ื”ืงืงืื•.
16:41
They're doing it with IBM and the USDA,
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืขื ืื™ื™-ื‘ื™-ืื ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช,
16:43
and they're putting it in the public domain
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ื•ืžืขืœื™ื ื–ืืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
16:45
because they want everybody to have access to this data,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
16:48
because they want everybody to help them
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ื
16:50
make cocoa more productive and more sustainable.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืงืงืื• ืœื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื•ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:53
What they've realized
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•,
16:55
is that if they can identify the traits
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช
16:57
on productivity and drought tolerance,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจืช,
17:00
they can produce 320 percent as much cocoa
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง 320 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืงืื•
17:03
on 40 percent of the land.
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ื‘-40 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืงืจืงืข.
17:06
The rest of the land can be used for something else.
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ื™ืชืจ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
17:09
It's more with less and less again.
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ืฉื•ื‘: ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื•ืช.
17:12
That's what the future has got to be,
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ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
17:14
and putting it in the public domain is smart.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ื›ื, ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
17:17
They don't want to be an I.P. company; they want to be a chocolate company,
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ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืืœื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
17:20
but they want to be a chocolate company forever.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื ืฆื—.
17:23
Now, the price of food, many people complain about,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
17:26
but in fact, the price of food is going down,
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ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื”,
17:29
and that's odd because in fact,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื”,
17:31
consumers are not paying for the true cost of food.
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ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืœื ืžืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
17:34
If you take a look just at water,
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ื ื ื™ื—, ืžื™ื:
17:36
what we see is that,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื
17:38
with four very common products,
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ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื,
17:41
you look at how much a farmer produced to make those products,
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ืื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจื,
17:44
and then you look at how much water input was put into them,
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ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื,
17:47
and then you look at what the farmer was paid.
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืœื—ืงืœืื™,
17:50
If you divide the amount of water
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ืื ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื
17:52
into what the farmer was paid,
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ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื—ืงืœืื™,
17:54
the farmer didn't receive enough money
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ
17:56
to pay a decent price for water in any of those commodities.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
17:59
That is an externality by definition.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื—ืจื’ืช-ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื.
18:01
This is the subsidy from nature.
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ื–ืืช ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
18:03
Coca-Cola, they've worked a lot on water,
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"ืงื•ืงื” ืงื•ืœื”" ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื ืžื™ื,
18:06
but right now, they're entering into 17-year contracts
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ืืš ื›ืขืช ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 17 ืฉื ื”
18:09
with growers in Turkey
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ืขื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”
18:11
to sell juice into Europe,
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ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ืžื™ืฅ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
18:13
and they're doing that because they want to have a product
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ื•ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฆืจ
18:16
that's closer to the European market.
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™.
18:18
But they're not just buying the juice;
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ืืš ื”ื ืœื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ืฅ;
18:20
they're also buying the carbon in the trees
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ื”ื ืงื•ื ื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื™ื
18:23
to offset the shipment costs associated with carbon
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื—ืžืŸ
18:25
to get the product into Europe.
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ืœื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”
18:28
There's carbon that's being bought with sugar,
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ื™ืฉ ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉื ืจื›ืฉ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืกื•ื›ืจ,
18:31
with coffee, with beef.
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ืขื ืงืคื”, ืขื ื‘ืฉืจ.
18:33
This is called bundling. It's bringing those externalities
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ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื™ "ืœืื’ื“". ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื—ืจื’ื•ืช
18:35
back into the price of the commodity.
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ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ.
18:39
We need to take what we've learned in private, voluntary standards
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืœื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื
18:42
of what the best producers in the world are doing
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ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
18:45
and use that to inform government regulation,
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช,
18:48
so we can shift the entire performance curve.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื›ืœ ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื.
18:51
We can't just focus on identifying the best;
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืจืง ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
18:53
we've got to move the rest.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ.
18:56
The issue isn't what to think, it's how to think.
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื ืื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
18:59
These companies have begun to think differently.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจืช.
19:01
They're on a journey; there's no turning back.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆืื• ืœืžืกืข, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”.
19:04
We're all on that same journey with them.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื” ืื™ืชืŸ.
19:07
We have to really begin to change
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ืื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช
19:10
the way we think about everything.
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ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ.
19:12
Whatever was sustainable on a planet of six billion
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ 6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื ืคืฉ
19:15
is not going to be sustainable on a planet with nine.
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ 9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“.
19:18
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
19:20
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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