Why great architecture should tell a story | Ole Scheeren

865,911 views ใƒป 2016-02-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ronit Kfir
00:13
For much of the past century,
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช,
00:14
architecture was under the spell of a famous doctrine.
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ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืœื—ืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช.
00:18
"Form follows function" had become modernity's ambitious manifesto
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"ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”" ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื ื™ืคืกื˜ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืืคืชื ื™
ื•ื›ื•ืชื•ื ืช ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื”,
00:22
and detrimental straitjacket,
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00:24
as it liberated architecture from the decorative,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืจืจื” ืืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
00:27
but condemned it to utilitarian rigor and restrained purpose.
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ืงืคื“ื” ืชื•ืขืœืชื ื™ืช ื•ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืจื•ืกื ืช.
00:32
Of course, architecture is about function,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ,
00:35
but I want to remember a rewriting of this phrase by Bernard Tschumi,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื ืจื“ ื˜ืฉื•ืžื™,
00:38
and I want to propose a completely different quality.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ:
00:43
If form follows fiction,
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ืื ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื•ืงื‘ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื”,
00:45
we could think of architecture and buildings as a space of stories --
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื›ื—ืœืœ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื-
00:49
stories of the people that live there,
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื,
00:52
of the people that work in these buildings.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:55
And we could start to imagine the experiences our buildings create.
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ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
00:59
In this sense, I'm interested in fiction
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื”
01:02
not as the implausible but as the real,
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ืœื ื›ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืก ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉื™,
01:06
as the reality of what architecture means
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช
01:08
for the people that live in it and with it.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื•ืื™ืชื”.
01:11
Our buildings are prototypes, ideas for how the space of living
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ืื‘ื•ืช-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก, ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืš ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื
01:15
or how the space of working could be different,
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ืื• ื—ืœืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
01:18
and what a space of culture or a space of media could look like today.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:23
Our buildings are real; they're being built.
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื; ื”ื ื ื‘ื ื™ื.
01:25
They're an explicit engagement in physical reality
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ื”ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช
01:28
and conceptual possibility.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช.
01:32
I think of our architecture as organizational structures.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
01:36
At their core is indeed structural thinking, like a system:
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ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ืžืขืจื›ืช:
01:39
How can we arrange things in both a functional
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš
ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ื•ื’ื ื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช?
01:43
and experiential way?
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01:46
How can we create structures that generate a series
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื
01:48
of relationships and narratives?
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื?
01:51
And how can fictive stories
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ื•ืื™ืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืคื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื
01:53
of the inhabitants and users of our buildings
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
01:56
script the architecture,
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ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช,
01:58
while the architecture scripts those stories at the same time?
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ?
02:02
And here comes the second term into play,
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ื•ืคื” ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืžืฉื—ืง,
02:04
what I call "narrative hybrids" --
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื• "ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื" --
02:06
structures of multiple simultaneous stories
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ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืกื™ืžื•ืœื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื
02:09
that unfold throughout the buildings we create.
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ืฉืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
02:12
So we could think of architecture as complex systems of relationships,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื›ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื,
02:17
both in a programmatic and functional way
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ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืคืจื•ื’ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช
02:20
and in an experiential and emotive or social way.
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
02:27
This is the headquarters for China's national broadcaster,
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ืืœื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ,
02:29
which I designed together with Rem Koolhaas at OMA.
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ืฉืชื›ื ื ืชื™ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืจื ืงื•ืœื”ืืก ื‘ OMA.
02:33
When I first arrived in Beijing in 2002, the city planners showed us this image:
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’ ื‘ 2002, ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืจืื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•:
02:38
a forest of several hundred skyscrapers
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ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื“ื™ ืฉื—ืงื™ื
02:40
to emerge in the central business district,
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ืฉื™ืขืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
02:42
except at that time, only a handful of them existed.
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ืจืง ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื.
02:45
So we had to design in a context that we knew almost nothing about,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจ,
02:48
except one thing: it would all be about verticality.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“: ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื ื›ื™ื•ืช.
02:52
Of course, the skyscraper is vertical -- it's a profoundly hierarchical structure,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื’ื•ืจื“ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื ื›ื™- ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื•,
02:57
the top always the best, the bottom the worst,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช,
02:59
and the taller you are, the better, so it seems.
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื ืจืื”.
03:03
And we wanted to ask ourselves,
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ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•,
03:05
could a building be about a completely different quality?
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ื”ืื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™?
03:08
Could it undo this hierarchy, and could it be about a system
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืขืจื›ืช
03:11
that is more about collaboration, rather than isolation?
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“?
03:15
So we took this needle and bent it back into itself,
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ืื– ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ื˜ ื”ื–ื• ื•ืขื™ืงืžื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžื”,
03:18
into a loop of interconnected activities.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืœื•ืœืื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช.
03:21
Our idea was to bring all aspects of television-making
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
03:25
into one single structure: news, program production, broadcasting,
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ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“: ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืคืงืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ,
03:29
research and training, administration --
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ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื”, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ-
03:31
all into a circuit of interconnected activities
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ื”ื›ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช
03:35
where people would meet in a process of exchange and collaboration.
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ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
03:39
I still very much like this image.
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•-
03:41
It reminds one of biology classes, if you remember the human body
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ื”ื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืื ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
03:44
with all its organs and circulatory systems, like at school.
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
03:47
And suddenly you think of architecture no longer as built substance,
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื ื•ื™,
03:51
but as an organism, as a life form.
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ืืœื ื›ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื, ื›ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:54
And as you start to dissect this organism,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”,
03:56
you can identify a series of primary technical clusters --
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื --
04:01
program production, broadcasting center and news.
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ื”ืคืงืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
04:04
Those are tightly intertwined with social clusters:
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ืืœื” ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื:
04:08
meeting rooms, canteens, chat areas --
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ื—ื“ืจื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืงืคื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ื— --
04:11
informal spaces for people to meet and exchange.
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ื—ืœืœื™ื ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคื’ืฉ ื•ืœืฉื•ื—ื—.
04:15
So the organizational structure of this building was a hybrid
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ืื– ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™
04:19
between the technical and the social,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
04:21
the human and the performative.
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™.
04:24
And of course, we used the loop of the building as a circulatory system,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืฉืชืฉืžื ื• ื‘ืœื•ืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช,
04:27
to thread everything together and to allow both visitors and staff
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ืœืฉื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœืฆื•ื•ืช
04:31
to experience all these different functions in a great unity.
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ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
04:37
With 473,000 square meters,
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ืขื 473,000 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื,
04:40
it is one of the largest buildings ever built in the world.
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:43
It has a population of over 10,000 people,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 10,000 ืื ืฉื™ื,
04:45
and of course, this is a scale that exceeds the comprehension
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”
04:49
of many things and the scale of typical architecture.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช.
04:52
So we stopped work for a while
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ืื– ื”ืคืกืงื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”
04:53
and sat down and cut 10,000 little sticks and glued them onto a model,
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ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื•ื—ืชื›ื ื• 10,000 ืžืงืœื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืžื•ื“ืœ,
04:58
just simply to confront ourselves with what that quantity actually meant.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.
05:03
But of course, it's not a number,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคืจ,
05:04
it is the people, it is a community that inhabits the building,
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ื–ื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื–ื• ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืžืื›ืœืกืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
05:09
and in order to both comprehend this, but also script this architecture,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœืชืกืจื˜ ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
05:14
we identified five characters, hypothetical characters,
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ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช, ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื•ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช,
05:17
and we followed them throughout their day in a life in this building,
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ื•ืขืงื‘ื ื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
05:21
thought of where they would meet, what they would experience.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ื™ืคื’ืฉื•, ื•ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื•.
05:24
So it was a way to script and design the building, but of course,
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืœืชืกืจื˜ ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
05:27
also to communicate its experiences.
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ื’ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
05:29
This was part of an exhibition with the Museum of Modern Art
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืขื ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช
05:33
in both New York and Beijing.
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ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’.
05:36
This is the main broadcast control room,
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ื–ื” ื—ื“ืจ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™,
05:39
a technical installation so large,
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ื”ืชืงื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
05:40
it can broadcast over 200 channels simultaneously.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื“ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-200 ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
05:45
And this is how the building stands in Beijing today.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื•ื.
05:49
Its first broadcast live was the London Olympics 2012,
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ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ 2012,
05:53
after it had been completed from the outside for the Beijing Olympics.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื™'ื ื’.
05:57
And you can see at the very tip of this 75-meter cantilever,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืงืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื—ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ืื•ืจืš 75 ืžื˜ืจ,
06:02
those three little circles.
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ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
06:03
And they're indeed part of a public loop that goes through the building.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืœื•ืœืื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:07
They're a piece of glass that you can stand on
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ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืกืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื”
06:09
and watch the city pass by below you in slow motion.
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ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืชื—ืชื™ื›ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืื™ื˜ื™ืช.
06:15
The building has become part of everyday life in Beijing.
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’.
06:18
It is there.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื.
06:20
It has also become a very popular backdrop
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืคืš ืœืจืงืข ืžืื•ื“ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™
06:23
for wedding photography.
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ืœืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ื—ืชื•ื ื”.
06:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:30
But its most important moment is maybe sill this one.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
06:33
"That's Beijing" is similar to "Time Out,"
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"ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’" ื“ื•ืžื” ืœ "ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืื•ื˜,"
06:35
a magazine that broadcasts what is happening in town during the week,
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ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื“ืจ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
06:40
and suddenly you see the building portrayed no longer as physical matter,
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืชื•ืืจ ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ืคื™ื–ื™,
06:45
but actually as an urban actor,
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ืืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™,
06:47
as part of a series of personas that define the life of the city.
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
06:52
So architecture suddenly assumes the quality of a player,
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ืื– ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืคืชืื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืงืŸ,
06:57
of something that writes stories and performs stories.
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืฆืข ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
07:02
And I think that could be one of its primary meanings
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
07:06
that we believe in.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”.
07:08
But of course, there's another story to this building.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
07:10
It is the story of the people that made it --
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ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืื•ืชื• --
07:13
400 engineers and architects that I was guiding
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400 ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื•ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืจื›ืชื™
07:16
over almost a decade of collaborative work
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช
07:19
that we spent together in scripting this building,
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ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
07:22
in imagining its reality
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ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
07:24
and ultimately getting it built in China.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
07:29
This is a residential development in Singapore, large scale.
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ื–ื” ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ, ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
07:34
If we look at Singapore like most of Asia and more and more of the world,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ- ื›ืžื• ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืืกื™ื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื,
07:38
of course, it is dominated by the tower,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ,
07:42
a typology that indeed creates more isolation than connectedness,
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
07:46
and I wanted to ask, how could we think about living,
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื,
07:50
not only in terms of the privacy and individuality of ourselves
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื•
07:53
and our apartment,
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ื•ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
07:55
but in an idea of a collective?
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ืืœื ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘?
07:58
How could we think about creating a communal environment
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช
08:01
in which sharing things was as great as having your own?
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ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™?
08:06
The typical answer to the question -- we had to design 1,040 apartments --
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ืœืฉืืœื”- ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ 1,040 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช-
08:11
would have looked like this:
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืš:
08:12
24-story height limit given by the planning authorities,
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ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ 24 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืชื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
08:15
12 towers with nothing but residual in between --
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12 ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืขื ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจื˜ ืœืฉืืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื --
08:19
a very tight system that, although the tower isolates you,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžืฉ ืฆืคื•ืคื”, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืชื›ื,
08:22
it doesn't even give you privacy, because you're so close to the next one,
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ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื›ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืชื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื,
08:26
that it is very questionable what the qualities of this would be.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื•ืงืคืง ืžื” ื”ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื•.
08:30
So I proposed to topple the towers, throw the vertical into the horizontal
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื ื›ื™ ืœืื•ืคืงื™
08:34
and stack them up,
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ื•ืœืขืจื•ื ืื•ืชื,
08:36
and what looks a bit random from the side,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืžืขื˜ ืืงืจืื™ ืžื”ืฆื“,
08:39
if you look from the viewpoint of the helicopter,
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ืื ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ืคื˜ืจ,
08:42
you can see its organizational structure is actually a hexagonal grid,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ืจื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ืฉื”,
08:46
in which these horizontal building blocks are stacked up
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ื‘ื• ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคืงื™ื•ืช ื ืขืจืžื•ืช
08:50
to create huge outdoor courtyards -- central spaces for the community,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช -- ื—ืœืœื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”,
08:55
programmed with a variety of amenities and functions.
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ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช.
08:59
And you see that these courtyards are not hermetically sealed spaces.
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืœื ื—ืœืœื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืžื˜ื™ืช.
09:03
They're open, permeable; they're interconnected.
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ื”ืŸ ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช, ื—ื“ื™ืจื•ืช; ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช.
09:05
We called the project "The Interlace,"
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” "ื”ืฉื–ื™ืจื”",
09:07
thinking that we interlace and interconnect
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื ืฉื–ื•ืจ ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ
09:10
the human beings and the spaces alike.
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ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื.
09:14
And the detailed quality of everything we designed
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ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชื›ื ื ื•
09:17
was about animating the space and giving the space to the inhabitants.
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ื ื’ืขื” ืœื”ื ืคืฉืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
09:21
And, in fact, it was a system
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขืจื›ืช
09:22
where we would layer primarily communal spaces,
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ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื,
09:26
stacked to more and more individual and private spaces.
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ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืขืจืžื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœืœื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
09:30
So we would open up a spectrum
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ืื– ืคืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื
09:32
between the collective and the individual.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœ.
09:36
A little piece of math:
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ืคื™ืกื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”:
09:37
if we count all the green that we left on the ground,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืฉื”ืฉืืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข,
09:39
minus the footprint of the buildings,
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ืคื—ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืกืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
09:42
and we would add back the green of all the terraces,
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ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจืคืกื•ืช,
09:45
we have 112 percent green space,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 112 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื˜ื— ื™ืจื•ืง,
09:47
so more nature than not having built a building.
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ืื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืืฉืจ ืืœืžืœื ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
09:50
And of course this little piece of math shows you that we are multiplying
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืกื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ื
09:54
the space available to those who live there.
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ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืืœื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•.
09:57
This is, in fact, the 13th floor of one of these terraces.
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ื–ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”-13 ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืžืจืคืกื•ืช ื”ืืœื•-
ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
10:01
So you see new datum planes, new grounds planes for social activity.
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10:06
We paid a lot of attention to sustainability.
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ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
10:10
In the tropics, the sun is the most important thing to pay attention to,
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื, ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื•,
10:13
and, in fact, it is seeking protection from the sun.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”- ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ.
10:16
We first proved that all apartments would have sufficient daylight
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื
10:20
through the year.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.
10:21
We then went on to optimize the glazing of the facades
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ืื– ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื’ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช
10:24
to minimize the energy consumption of the building.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
10:27
But most importantly, we could prove that through the geometry
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื”
10:31
of the building design,
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ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
10:33
the building itself would provide sufficient shading to the courtyards
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื”ืฆืœืœื” ืœื—ืฆืจื•ืช
10:36
so that those would be usable throughout the entire year.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.
10:39
We further placed water bodies along the prevailing wind corridors,
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ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœืžืงื ื’ื•ืคื™ ืžื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื,
10:42
so that evaporative cooling would create microclimates
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ืื– ื”ืงืจื•ืจ ืžืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ืงืจื• ืืงืœื™ืžื™ื
10:46
that, again, would enhance the quality of those spaces
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ืฉืฉื•ื‘, ื™ื’ื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•
10:50
available for the inhabitants.
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ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
10:53
And it was the idea of creating this variety of choices,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”,
10:57
of freedom to think where you would want to be,
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ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
11:01
where you would want to escape, maybe,
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ืœืืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืจื•ื—, ืื•ืœื™,
11:03
within the own complexity of the complex in which you live.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื‘ื• ืืชื ื’ืจื™ื.
11:09
But coming from Asia to Europe:
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืืกื™ื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”:
11:11
a building for a German media company based in Berlin,
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ,
11:14
transitioning from the traditional print media to the digital media.
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืžื“ื™ื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
11:19
And its CEO asked a few very pertinent questions:
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ื•ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืฉืœื” ืฉืืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช:
11:23
Why would anyone today still want to go to the office,
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ืœืžื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“,
11:25
because you can actually work anywhere?
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื?
11:27
And how could a digital identity of a company be embodied
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ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื”ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืœืžืช
11:31
in a building?
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ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ?
11:34
We created not only an object, but at the center of this object
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜, ืืœื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜
11:37
we created a giant space,
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื—ืœืœ ืขืฆื•ื,
11:39
and this space was about the experience of a collective,
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื–ื” ื ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘,
11:43
the experience of collaboration and of togetherness.
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื—ื“.
11:47
Communication, interaction as the center of a space
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ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื›ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ืœืœ
11:50
that in itself would float,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฆื•ืฃ,
11:53
like what we call the collaborative cloud,
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ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืขื ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™,
11:55
in the middle of the building,
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
11:56
surrounded by an envelope of standard modular offices.
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ืžื•ืงืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื.
12:00
So with only a few steps from your quiet work desk,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืฉืœื›ื,
12:04
you could participate in the giant collective experience
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”
12:07
of the central space.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
12:12
Finally, we come to London, a project commissioned
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ
12:15
by the London Legacy Development Corporation
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ
12:18
of the Mayor of London.
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ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
12:20
We were asked to undertake a study
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ื ืชื‘ืงืฉื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ
12:22
and investigate the potential of a site
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ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืืชืจ
12:25
out in Stratford in the Olympic Park.
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ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ ืฉื‘ืกื˜ืจืืคื•ืจื“.
12:28
In the 19th century, Prince Albert had created Albertopolis.
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19, ื”ื ืกื™ืš ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ื™ืฆืจ ืืช "ืืœื‘ืจื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืก".
12:32
And Boris Johnson thought of creating Olympicopolis.
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ื•ื‘ื•ืจื™ืก ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืืช "ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืงื•ืคื•ืœื™ืก".
12:37
The idea was to bring together some of Britain's greatest institutions,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
12:41
some international ones, and to create a new system of synergies.
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ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช.
12:45
Prince Albert, as yet, created Albertopolis in the 19th century,
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ื”ื ืกื™ืš ืืœื‘ืจื˜, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืืœื‘ืจื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืก ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19,
12:50
thought of showcasing all achievements of mankind,
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ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
12:52
bringing arts and science closer together.
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ืœืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืข.
12:56
And he built Exhibition Road, a linear sequence of those institutions.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื“ืจืš ืืงืกื‘ื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ืจืฆืฃ ืœื™ื ืืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
13:01
But of course, today's society has moved on from there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื” ืžืฉื.
13:05
We no longer live in a world
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
13:07
in which everything is as clearly delineated
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ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ืชื•ื•ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ
13:10
or separated from each other.
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ืื• ืžื•ืคืจื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™.
13:11
We live in a world in which boundaries start to blur
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ
13:15
between the different domains,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
13:16
and in which collaboration and interaction becomes far more important
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ื•ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
13:20
than keeping separations.
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ืžืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื“ื•ืช.
13:23
So we wanted to think of a giant culture machine,
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ืื– ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื”-
13:26
a building that would orchestrate and animate the various domains,
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืืจื’ืŸ ื•ื™ื ืคื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
13:31
but allow them to interact and collaborate.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
13:35
At the base of it is a very simple module,
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ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ื™ืฉ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜:
13:37
a ring module.
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ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื˜ื‘ืขืช.
13:38
It can function as a double-loaded corridor, has daylight, has ventilation.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืคืงื“ ื›ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืคื•ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ.
13:42
It can be glazed over
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื’ื’
13:43
and turned into a giant exhibitional performance space.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ืœืœ ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื•ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืขืฆื•ื.
13:46
These modules were stacked together
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ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ืขืจืžื• ื™ื—ื“
13:48
with the idea that almost any function could, over time,
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ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
13:52
occupy any of these modules.
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
13:53
So institutions could shrink or contract,
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ืื– ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืื• ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘,
13:57
as, of course, the future of culture is, in a way, the most uncertain of all.
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ื›ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืžื”ื›ืœ.
14:02
This is how the building sits, adjacent to the Aquatics Centre,
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ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘, ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืจื›ื– ืกืคื•ืจื˜-ื”ืžื™ื,
14:05
opposite the Olympic Stadium.
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ืžื•ืœ ื”ืืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™.
14:08
And you can see how its cantilevering volumes
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
14:10
project out and engage the public space
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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
14:13
and how its courtyards animate the public inside.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื.
14:19
The idea was to create a complex system
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช
14:22
in which institutional entities could maintain their own identity,
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ื‘ื” ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
14:27
in which they would not be subsumed in a singular volume.
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ื‘ื• ื”ื ืœื ื™ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ื‘ื ืคื— ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.
14:30
Here's a scale comparison to the Centre Pompidou in Paris.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืคื•ืžืคื™ื“ื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื–.
14:33
It both shows the enormous scale and potential of the project,
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืขื ืง ื•ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜,
14:37
but also the difference:
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ:
14:38
here, it is a multiplicity of a heterogeneous structure,
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ืคื”, ื–ื” ื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื”ื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™,
14:42
in which different entities can interact
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ื‘ื• ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืชืงืฉืจ
14:45
without losing their own identity.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
14:48
And it was this thought: to create an organizational structure
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•: ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™
14:52
that would allow for multiple narratives to be scripted --
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืกืจื˜ื™ื --
14:55
for those in the educational parts that create and think culture;
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ืœืืœื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช;
15:00
for those that present the visual arts, the dance;
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ืœืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช, ืจื™ืงื•ื“;
15:04
and for the public to be admitted into all of this
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”
15:07
with a series of possible trajectories,
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ืขื ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื,
15:09
to script their own reading of these narratives
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืกืจื˜ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
15:12
and their own experience.
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขืฆืžืŸ.
15:16
And I want to end on a project that is very small,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ,
15:19
in a way, very different:
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”:
15:21
a floating cinema in the ocean of Thailand.
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ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ืฆืฃ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื‘ืชืื™ืœื ื“.
15:23
Friends of mine had founded a film festival,
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื™ืกื“ื• ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื,
15:27
and I thought,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
15:29
if we think of the stories and narratives of movies,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื,
15:32
we should also think of the narratives of the people that watch them.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
15:36
So I designed a small modular floating platform,
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ืื– ืชื›ื ื ืชื™ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฆืคื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
15:39
based on the techniques of local fishermen,
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
15:41
how they built their lobster and fish farms.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ื.
15:43
We collaborated with the local community
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ืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช
15:46
and built, out of recycled materials of their own,
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื•, ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
15:49
this fantastical floating platform
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ืืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืฆืคื” ื”ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
15:52
that gently moved in the ocean
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ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
15:54
as we watched films from the British film archive,
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ื›ืฉืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™,
15:56
[1903] "Alice in Wonderland," for example.
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[1904] "ืขืœื™ืกื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช," ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื.
15:59
The most primordial experiences of the audience
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ
16:03
merged with the stories of the movies.
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ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
16:07
So I believe that architecture exceeds the domain of physical matter,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืคื™ื–ื™,
16:12
of the built environment,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื”,
16:14
but is really about how we want to live our lives,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
16:17
how we script our own stories and those of others.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืกืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
16:20
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
16:22
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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