Dan Barber: A surprising parable of foie gras

184,556 views ใƒป 2008-11-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Elvira Shafir ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
I went to Spain a few months ago
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืกืคืจื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
00:20
and I had the best foie gras of my life.
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ื•ืื›ืœืชื™ ืืช ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื– ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื›ืœืชื™ ืžื™ืžื™ื™.
00:26
The best culinary experience of my life.
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื ืืจื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
00:30
Because what I saw, I'm convinced, is the future of cooking.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืฉืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ.
00:37
Ridiculous, right?
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ืžื’ื•ื—ืš, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:38
Foie gras and the future of cooking.
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ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ื•ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ.
00:40
There's not a food today that's more maligned than foie gras, right?
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ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื›ืœ ืžื•ืฉืžืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:43
I mean, it's crucified.
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ืžืžืฉ ืฆื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
00:45
It was outlawed in Chicago for a while.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.
00:47
It's pending here in California, and just recently in New York.
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ืžืฆื ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
00:52
It's like if you're a chef and you put it on your menu,
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ืืชื” ืฉืฃ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืœืชืคืจื™ื˜,
00:55
you risk being attacked.
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ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื™ืคื”.
00:57
Really, it happened here in San Francisco to a famous chef.
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ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœืฉืฃ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•.
01:01
I'm not saying that there's not a rationale
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ
01:07
for being opposed to foie gras.
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ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–.
01:09
The reasons usually just boil down to the gavage, which is the force feeding.
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ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืžืกืชื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืื–', ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืื›ืœื” ื‘ื›ืคื™ื”.
01:13
Basically you take a goose or a duck
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ื•ื– ืื• ื‘ืจื•ื•ื–
01:15
and you force feed a ton of grain down its throat.
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ื•ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืœื• ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ.
01:20
More grain in a couple of weeks than it would ever get in a lifetime.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•.
01:24
Its liver expands by eight times.
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ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื• ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื”.
01:27
Suffice to say it's like -- it's not the prettiest picture of sustainable farming.
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžื• -- ืฉื–ื• ืœื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืจืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื.
01:32
The problem for us chefs is that it's so freakin' delicious.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•, ื”ืฉืคื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ืขื™ื, ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ.
01:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:41
I mean, I love the stuff.
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืื ื™ ืžืช ืขืœื™ื•.
01:44
It is fatty, it's sweet, it's silky, it's unctuous.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืง, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื™, ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง.
01:49
It makes everything else you put it with taste incredible.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
01:54
Can we produce a menu that's delicious without foie gras?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื˜ืขื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–?
02:00
Yes, sure.
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™.
02:02
You can also bike the Tour de France without steroids, right?
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ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ื” ืคืจืื ืก ื‘ืœื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:08
Not a lot of people are doing it.
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ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
02:10
And for good reason.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
02:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:13
So several months ago, a friend of mine sent me this link to this guy,
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ืื– ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœื— ืœื™ ืœื™ื ืง ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
02:18
Eduardo Sousa.
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ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื• ืกื•ื–ื”.
02:21
Eduardo is doing what he calls natural foie gras.
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ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืœื• ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
02:25
Natural foie gras.
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ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
02:27
What's natural about foie gras?
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ืžื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–?
02:30
To take advantage of when the temperature drops in the fall,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืชื™ื•,
02:34
geese and ducks gorge on food
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ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืื‘ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ
02:39
to prepare for the harsh realities of winter.
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ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชื ืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ
02:44
And the rest of the year they're free to roam around Eduardo's land
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ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื•
02:49
and eat what they want.
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ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
02:51
So no gavage, no force feeding,
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืื–', ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื›ืœื” ื‘ื›ืคื™ื”,
02:52
no factory-like conditions, no cruelty.
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ืื™ืŸ ืชื ืื™ ืžืคืขืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช.
02:56
And it's shockingly not a new idea.
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ื•ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ื–ื” ืœื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ.
02:58
His great-granddad started -- Paterรญa de Sousa -- in 1812.
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ืกื‘ื-ืจื‘ื ืฉืœื• -- ืคืื˜ืจื™ื” ื“ื” ืกื•ื–ื” -- ื™ื™ืกื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1812.
03:04
And they've been doing it quietly ever since.
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ื•ื”ื ืคืขืœื• ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืžืื–.
03:10
That is until last year,
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ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
03:13
when Eduardo won the Coup de Coeur,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื• ื–ื›ื” ื‘- Coup de Coeur,
03:18
the coveted French gastronomic prize.
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ื”ืคืจืก ื”ื’ืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉืง.
03:22
It's like the Olympics of food products.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
03:25
He placed first for his foie gras.
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื– ืฉืœื•.
03:29
Big, big problem.
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ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“.
03:31
As he said to me, that really pissed the French off.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื”ืจื’ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™.
03:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:38
He said it sort of gleefully.
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืื™ื“.
03:40
It was all over the papers.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื.
03:42
I read about it. It was in Le Monde.
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืœื”-ืžื•ื ื“.
03:44
"Spanish chef accused ... " -- and the French accused him.
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"ืฉืฃ ืกืคืจื“ื™ ืžื•ืืฉื..." -- ื•ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื•.
03:48
"Spanish chef accused of cheating."
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"ืฉืฃ ืกืคืจื“ื™ ืžื•ืืฉื ื‘ืจืžืื•ืช"
03:50
They accused him of paying off the judges.
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ื”ื ื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืฉื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื.
03:52
They implicated actually, the Spanish government, amazingly.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืชื“ื”ืžื”, ื”ื ืชืœื• ืืช ื”ืืฉืžื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœืช ืกืคืจื“.
03:56
Huh, amazing.
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ื”ื, ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
03:58
A huge scandal for a few weeks.
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ืกืงื ื“ืœ ืขื ืง ืœืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
03:59
Couldn't find a shred of evidence.
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ืœ ืจืื™ื™ื”.
04:02
Now, look at the guy.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื•ืจ.
04:03
He doesn't look like a guy who's paying off French judges
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉื—ื“ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื
04:05
for his foie gras.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–.
04:07
So that died down, and very soon afterward,
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ืื– ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืฉื›ื—, ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
04:10
new controversy.
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ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
04:12
He shouldn't win because it's not foie gras.
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ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื• ืœื ืฆื— ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืœื ืžื ืช ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–.
04:17
It's not foie gras because it's not gavage.
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ื–ื• ืœื ืžื ืช ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื’ื•ื•ืื–'.
04:19
There's no force feeding.
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ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื›ืœื” ื‘ื›ืคื™ื”.
04:21
So by definition, he's lying and should be disqualified.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
04:26
As funny as it sounds, articulating it now and reading about it --
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ื ืฉืžืข ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• --
04:29
actually, if we had talked about it before this controversy,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
04:32
I would have said, "That's kind of true."
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ, "ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•".
04:34
You know, foie gras by definition, force feeding, it's gavage,
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ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–, ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืื›ืœื” ื‘ื›ืคื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื•ืื–',
04:36
and that's what you get when you want foie gras.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื ืช ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–.
04:42
That is, until I went to Eduardo's farm in Extremadura,
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ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื• ื‘ืืงืกื˜ืจืืžื“ื•ืจื”,
04:47
50 miles north of Seville, right on the Portugal border.
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80 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ืœื”, ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ.
04:51
I saw first-hand a system that is incredibly complex
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:55
and then at the same time, like everything beautiful in nature,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข,
05:00
is utterly simple.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
05:04
And he said to me, really from the first moment,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืžื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
05:06
my life's work is to give the geese what they want.
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
05:11
He repeated that about 50 times in the two days I was with him.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›- 50 ืคืขื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืชื•.
05:14
I'm just here to give the geese what they want.
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ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
05:18
Actually, when I showed up he was lying down with the geese with his cell phone
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืชื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืขื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœื•
05:21
taking pictures of them
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ื•ืฆื™ืœื ืื•ืชื
05:22
like his children in the grass.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฉื.
05:24
Amazing.
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
05:26
He's really just in love with -- he's at one with --
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื”ื‘ -- ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื” --
05:28
he's the goose whisperer.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื—ืฉ ืœืื•ื•ื–ื™ื.
05:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:36
And when I was speaking to him, you know, I thought,
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ื•ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื™ืชื•, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
05:41
like I'm speaking to you now, right,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื, ื›ืŸ,
05:43
but sort of in the middle of my questions, my excited questions,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
05:48
because the more I got to know him and his system,
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ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื•,
05:49
the more exciting this whole idea became.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืคืš ืœืžืจื’ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:53
He kept going like this to me.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:57
And I thought, OK, excited Jew from New York, right?
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื ืจื’ืฉ ืžื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:01
I'm talking a little too aggressively, whatever,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืฆืช ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ื™, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”,
06:05
so you know, I slowed down.
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ืื– ื”ืื˜ืชื™.
06:07
And finally, by the end of the day I was like,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื•,
06:08
Ed-uar-do, you know like this?
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ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื•, ื›ื›ื”
06:11
But he was still going like this.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ื•.
06:14
I figured it out.
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ืคื™ืขื ื—ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
06:16
I was speaking too loudly.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืžื“ื™.
06:19
So I hushed my voice.
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ืื– ื”ื ืžื›ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ.
06:21
I kind of like asked these questions and chatted with him through a translator
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื˜ืคื˜ืชื™ ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืชืจื’ื
06:25
in kind of a half whisper.
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ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืœื—ื™ืฉื” ื›ื–ื•.
06:27
And he stopped doing this.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ื•.
06:29
And amazingly, the geese who were on the other side of the paddock when I was around --
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ื•ืœืชื“ื”ืžืชื™, ื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆืจ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื --
06:34
"Get the hell away from this kid!" --
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"ืชืชืจื—ืงื•, ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ืžื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”!"
06:36
when I lowered my voice, they all came right up to us.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื›ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื™, ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืืœื™ื ื•.
06:39
Right up to us, like right up to here.
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ืžืžืฉ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื ื•, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ.
06:40
Right along the fence line.
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืื•ืจืš ืงื• ื”ื’ื“ืจ.
06:41
And fence line was amazing in itself.
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ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
06:44
The fence -- like this conception of fence that we have
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ื”ื’ื“ืจ -- ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืจ
06:47
it's totally backward with him.
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ืืฆืœื• ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ืคื•ื›ื”.
06:49
The electricity on this fiberglass fence
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ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขืœ ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืคื™ื‘ืจื’ืœืืก ื”ื–ื•
06:51
is only on the outside.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
06:54
He rewired it. He invented it.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
06:57
I've never seen it. Have you?
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”. ืืชื ืจืื™ืชื?
07:00
You fence in animals. You electrify the inside.
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ื’ื“ืจ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื. ืžื—ืฉืžืœื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
07:03
He doesn't.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื.
07:04
He electrifies only the outside.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืฉืžืœ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
07:07
Why?
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ืœืžื”?
07:08
Because he said to me that he felt like the geese --
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื --
07:10
and he proved this actually, not just a conceit, he proved this --
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื• ืœื ืกืชื ื™ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื–ื” --
07:15
the geese felt manipulated when they were imprisoned in their little paddocks.
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ื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื™ื ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืจื™ ื”ื“ืฉื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
07:21
Even though they were imprisoned in this Garden of Eden
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ
07:23
with figs and everything else.
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ืขื ืชืื ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
07:24
He felt like they felt manipulated.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื™ื.
07:26
So he got rid of the electricity,
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ,
07:28
he got rid of current on the inside
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ื”ื•ื ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™
07:31
and kept it on the outside,
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ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
07:32
so it would protect them against coyotes and other predators.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ื–ืื‘ื™ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
07:35
Now, what happened?
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ื•ืžื” ืงืจื”?
07:37
They ate, and he showed me on a chart,
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ื”ื ืื›ืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”,
07:39
how they ate about 20 percent more feed to feed their livers.
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ืื›ืœื• ื‘ื›- 20 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื–ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื”ื.
07:44
The landscape is incredible.
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ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
07:46
I mean, his farm is incredible.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื• ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
07:48
It really is the Garden of Eden.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ.
07:50
There's figs and everything else there for the taking.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืชืื ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืงื—ืช.
07:52
And the irony of ironies is because Extremadura, the area --
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ื•ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืืงืกื˜ืจืืžื“ื•ืจื”, ื”ืื–ื•ืจ --
07:54
what does Extremadura mean?
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ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ืืงืกื˜ืจืืžื“ื•ืจื”?
07:55
Extra hard land, right?
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ืืงืกื˜ืจืืžื“ื•ืจื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืื“ืžื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:58
Extra difficult. Extra hard.
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ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
08:00
But over four generations, he and his family
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš 4 ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•
08:02
have literally transformed this extra hard land into a tasting menu.
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช.
08:07
Upgrades the life for these geese.
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ืฉื“ืจื’ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:13
And they are allowed to take whatever they want.
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ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
08:15
Another irony, the double irony
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ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื›ืคื•ืœื”
08:16
is that on the figs and the olives,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืื ื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื,
08:17
Eduardo can make more money selling those
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ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืžืžื›ื™ืจืชื
08:20
than he can on the foie gras.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื–.
08:22
He doesn't care.
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ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื•.
08:23
He lets them take what they want and he says,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
08:25
"Usually, it's about 50 percent. They're very fair."
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"ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 50 ืื—ื•ื–. ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“."
08:28
The other 50 percent, he takes and he sells and he makes money on them.
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ืืช 50 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื—, ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื”ื.
08:31
Part of the income for his farm.
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื•.
08:33
A big part of his income for his farm.
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื•.
08:35
But he never controls it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื–ื”.
08:37
They get what they want,
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ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
08:38
they leave the rest for me and I sell it.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:41
His biggest obstacle, really, was the marketplace,
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ืง,
08:45
which demands these days bright yellow foie gras.
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ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื–ื•ื”ืจ.
08:50
That's how I've been trained.
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ื›ื›ื” ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจืชื™.
08:51
You want to look and see what good foie gras is,
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ื˜ื•ื‘,
08:53
it's got to be bright yellow.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื–ื•ื”ืจ.
08:55
It's the indication that it's the best foie gras.
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ื–ื• ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื– ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:59
Well, because he doesn't force feed,
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ืื– ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืคื™ื”,
09:01
because he doesn't gavage tons of corn,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื’ืื•ื•ื–' ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ืจืก,
09:05
his livers were pretty grey.
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ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื“ื™.
09:07
Or they were.
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ื”ื™ื•.
09:09
But he found this wild plant called the Lupin bush.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฆืžื— ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืฉื™ื— ื”ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ.
09:15
The Lupin bush, it's all around Extremadura.
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ืฉื™ื— ื”ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืงืกื˜ืจืืžื“ื•ืจื”.
09:17
He let it go to seed, he took the seeds,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื— ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ืจืขื™ื, ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื,
09:19
he planted it on his 30 acres, all around.
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ื•ืฉืชืœ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ 7.5 ื“ื•ื ื ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
09:22
And the geese love the Lupin bush.
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ื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื— ื”ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ.
09:24
Not for the bush, but for the seeds.
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ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—, ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื.
09:26
And when they eat the seeds, their foie gras turns yellow.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื, ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืฆื”ื•ื‘.
09:30
Radioactive yellow.
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ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืจื“ื™ื•-ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
09:32
Bright yellow.
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ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื–ื•ื”ืจ.
09:35
Of the highest quality foie gras yellow I've ever seen.
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ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ืžื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืื™-ืคืขื.
09:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:41
So I'm listening to all this, you know, and I'm like,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื–ื”,
09:44
is this guy for real? Is he making some of this up?
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฆื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื”?
09:47
Is he like, you know -- because he seemed to have an answer for everything,
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื, ื›ื–ื” -- ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
09:50
and it was always nature.
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
09:52
It was never him.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ื.
09:54
And I was like, you know, I always get a little, like,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื–ื”,
09:58
weirded out by people who deflect everything away from themselves.
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ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื–ืจ ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืžืขืฆืžื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
10:01
Because, really, they want you to look at themselves, right?
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ื›ื™, ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
10:03
But he deflected everything away from his ingenuity
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
10:05
into working with his landscape.
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ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื•.
10:08
So it's like, here I am, I'm on the fence about this guy,
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืื ื™ ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
10:11
but increasingly, eating up his every word.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ืœืข ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•.
10:14
And we're sitting there, and I hear [clapping] from a distance, so I look over.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื, ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืฃ] ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ.
10:20
And he grabs my arm and the translator's,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืจื’ื,
10:23
and ducks us under a bush and says, "Watch this."
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ืžื•ืฉืš ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉื™ื— ื•ืื•ืžืจ, "ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื–ื”".
10:25
"Shush," he says again for the 500th time to me.
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"ืฉืฉืฉ...", ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืคืขื ื”- 500
10:27
"Shush, watch this."
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"ืฉืฉืฉ..., ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”."
10:30
And this squadron of geese come over.
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ื•ืœื”ืงืช ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื”.
10:32
[Clapping]
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืฃ]
10:33
And they're getting louder, louder, louder, like really loud, right over us.
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ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืžืžืฉ ืžืขืœื™ื ื•.
10:38
And like airport traffic control, as they start to go past us
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื“ืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•
10:44
they're called back -- and they're called back and back and back.
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ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ื—ื–ืจื” -- ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื–ืจื”.
10:48
And then they circle around.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื”.
10:49
And his geese are calling up now to the wild geese.
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ื•ื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืœืื•ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ.
10:52
[Clapping]
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืฃ]
10:53
And the wild geese are calling down.
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ื•ืื•ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื—ื–ืจื”.
10:54
[Clapping]
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืฃ]
10:55
And it's getting louder and louder and they circle and circle
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ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื
10:57
and they land.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื•ื—ืชื™ื.
10:58
And I'm just saying, "No way."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ "ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘."
11:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:03
No way.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘.
11:05
And I look at Eduardo, who's near tears looking at this,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื•, ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
11:10
and I say, "You're telling me that your geese are calling to the wild geese
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, "ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืื•ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ
11:14
to say come for a visit?"
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ?"
11:16
And he says, "No, no, no.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ "ืœื, ืœื, ืœื.
11:18
They've come to stay."
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ื”ื ื‘ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ."
11:21
They've come to stay?
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ื”ื ื‘ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ?
11:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:25
It's like the DNA of a goose is to fly south in the winter, right?
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ื”ืจื™ ื”- DNA ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื– ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืฃ ื“ืจื•ืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
11:31
I said that. I said "Isn't that what they're put on this Earth for?
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”. ืืžืจืชื™ "ื”ืื ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืœืขื•ืœื?
11:34
To fly south in the winter and north when it gets warm?"
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืฃ ื“ืจื•ืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ืฆืคื•ื ื” ื›ืฉืžืชื—ืžื?"
11:36
He said, "No, no, no.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ "ืœื, ืœื, ืœื.
11:38
Their DNA is to find the conditions that are conducive to life.
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ื”- DNA ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
11:42
To happiness.
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ืœืื•ืฉืจ.
11:45
They find it here.
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ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ืืŸ.
11:47
They don't need anything more."
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ื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ."
11:49
They stop. They mate with his domesticated geese,
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืขื ืื•ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื•,
11:53
and his flock continues.
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ื•ื”ืœื”ืงื” ืฉืœื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื”.
11:56
Think about that for a minute.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืจื’ืข.
11:58
It's brilliant, right?
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืง, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
11:59
Imagine -- I don't know, imagine a hog farm
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• -- ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื
12:03
in, like, North Carolina,
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ื‘- , ื ื’ื™ื“, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”,
12:04
and a wild pig comes upon a factory farm
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ื•ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืœื—ื•ื•ื” ืžืชื•ืขืฉืช
12:09
and decides to stay.
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ื•ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ.
12:11
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:12
So how did it taste?
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ืื– ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื” ืœื•?
12:14
I finally got to taste it before I left.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฆื ืœื™ ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื–ื‘ืชื™.
12:16
He took me to his neighborhood restaurant
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืกืขื“ื” ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื›ื ื•ืช
12:19
and he served me some of his foie gras, confit de foie gras.
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื– ืฉืœื•, ืงื•ื ืคื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–.
12:23
It was incredible.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
12:25
And the problem with saying that, of course, is that
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
12:28
you know, at this point it risks hyperbole really easily.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืกื›ื ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ืžื”.
12:33
And I'd like to make a metaphor, but I don't have one really.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืื—ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื”.
12:37
I was drinking this guy's Kool-Aid so much,
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ืฉืชื™ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ืฅ ืคื˜ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
12:40
he could have served me goose feathers and I would have been like,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื•ื•ื– ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื–ื”,
12:44
this guy's a genius, you know?
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ, ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื?
12:46
I'm really in love with him at this point.
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ื• ื›ืจื’ืข.
12:48
But it truly was the best foie gras of my life.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื– ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื˜ืขืžืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
12:51
So much so that I don't think I had ever really had foie gras until that moment.
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื™-ืคืขื ื˜ืขืžืชื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
12:55
I'd had something that was called foie gras.
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ืื›ืœืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–.
12:58
But this was transformative. Really transformative.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืืœื”. ืจืง ื‘ื”ืฉืืœื”.
13:00
And I say to you, I might not stick to this,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืฉื ื” ืืช ื“ืขืชื™,
13:04
but I don't think I'll ever serve foie gras on my menu again
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ืื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœื™ ืื™-ืคืขื
13:09
because of that taste experience with Eduardo.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื•ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืขื ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื•.
13:15
It was sweet, it was unctuous.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืง, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžื ื™.
13:16
It had all the qualities of foie gras,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–,
13:19
but its fat had a lot of integrity and a lot of honesty.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ื•ื›ื ื•ืช.
13:24
And you could taste herbs, you could taste spices.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืขืฉื‘ื™ื, ื•ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื.
13:27
And I kept -- I said, you know, I swear to God I tasted star anise.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ -- ืืžืจืชื™, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ื™ ื ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืื ื™ืก.
13:33
I was sure of it.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื–ื”.
13:34
And I'm not like some super taster, you know?
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืขื-ืขืœ, ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื?
13:36
But I can taste things.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื˜ืขืžื™ื.
13:38
There's 100 percent star anise in there.
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100% ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืื ื™ืก.
13:40
And he says, "No."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืœื."
13:42
And I ended up like going down the spices,
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ื–ื” ื ื’ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื,
13:43
and finally, it was like, OK, salt and pepper,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืื™ืœื•, ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ.
13:46
thinking he's salted and peppered his liver.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื™ื— ื•ืคื™ืœืคืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื•.
13:48
But no.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื.
13:49
He takes the liver when he harvests the foie gras,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื–,
13:52
he sticks them in this jar
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ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืงืข ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช
13:54
and he confits it.
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ื•ืžืฉืžืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ืงื•ื ืคื™.
13:56
No salt, no pepper, no oil, no spices.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืžืœื—, ื‘ืœื™ ืคืœืคืœ,ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื.
13:59
What?
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ืžื”?
14:01
We went back out for the final tour of the farm,
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ืžืกื›ื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื”,
14:04
and he showed me the wild pepper plants
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืœืคืœ ื‘ืจ
14:06
and the plants that he made sure existed on his farm for salinity.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ื™ื“ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื•ืช.
14:11
He doesn't need salt and pepper.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ.
14:12
And he doesn't need spices, because he's got this potpourri of herbs and flavors
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ืขืžื™ื
14:18
that his geese love to gorge on.
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ืฉื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ืœื•ืœ.
14:22
I turned to him at the end of the meal,
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ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื”,
14:23
and it's a question I asked several times,
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ื•ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื,
14:25
and he hadn't, kind of, answered me directly,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืขื ื” ืœื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
14:27
but I said, "Now look, you're in Spain,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืžืจืชื™ "ืชืจืื”, ืืชื” ื‘ืกืคืจื“,
14:30
some of the greatest chefs in the world are --
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉืคื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื --
14:32
Ferran Adria, the preeminent chef of the world today, not that far from you.
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ืคืจืืŸ ืื“ืจื™ืื”, ื”ืฉืฃ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื ืžืฆื ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืžืš.
14:40
How come you don't give him this?
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ืœืžื” ืืชื” ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื–ื”?
14:42
How come no one's really heard of you?"
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ืœืžื” ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืฉืžืข ืขืœื™ืš?"
14:45
And it may be because of the wine,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ,
14:46
or it may be because of my excitement,
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ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
14:47
he answered me directly and he said, "Because chefs don't deserve my foie gras."
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื” ืœื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืืžืจ "ื›ื™ ืœืฉืคื™ื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื– ืฉืœื™."
14:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:55
And he was right.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ืง.
14:56
He was right.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ืง.
14:57
Chefs take foie gras and they make it their own.
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ืฉืคื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืœื”ื.
15:01
They create a dish
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื ื”
15:03
where all the vectors point at us.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื ื•.
15:07
With Eduardo it's about the expression of nature.
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ืขื ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
15:12
And as he said, I think fittingly,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช,
15:16
it's a gift from God, with God saying, you've done good work.
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ื–ื• ืžืชื ื” ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื•ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ, ืขืฉื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
15:22
Simple.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜.
15:24
I flew home, I'm on the flight with my little black book
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ื˜ืกืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื” ืขื ื”ืคื ืงืก ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื™
15:26
and I took, you know, pages and pages of notes about it.
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ื•ืจืฉืžืชื™, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื“ืคื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”.
15:29
I really was moved.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™.
15:31
And in the corner of one of these -- one of my notes,
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ื•ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ -- ืื—ืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
15:36
is this note that says, when asked,
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ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืœ
15:40
what do you think of conventional foie gras?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™?
15:41
What do you think of foie gras that
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื–
15:42
99.99999 percent of the world eats?
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ืฉ- 99.99999 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืื•ื›ืœื™ื?
15:47
He said, "I think it's an insult to history."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”."
15:50
And I wrote, insult to history.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™, ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
15:53
I'm on the plane and I'm just tearing my hair out.
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ืื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื•ืื ื™ ืชื•ืœืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช.
15:55
It's like, why didn't I follow up on that?
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ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื”?
15:56
What the hell does that mean?
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ืžื”, ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ?
15:57
Insult to history.
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ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
16:00
So I did some research when I got back,
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ืื– ื—ืงืจืชื™ ืงืฆืช ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™,
16:02
and here's what I found.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™.
16:04
The history of foie gras.
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ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื–.
16:05
Jews invented foie gras.
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ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื–.
16:09
True story.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™.
16:10
True story.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™.
16:11
By accident.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื”.
16:13
They were looking for an alternative to schmaltz.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ื–ื™ืจ (ืฉืžืืœืฅ).
16:17
Gotten sick of the chicken fat.
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ื ืžืืก ืœื”ื ืžืฉื•ืžืŸ ืขื•ืฃ.
16:18
They were looking for an alternative.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ.
16:19
And they saw in the fall that there was this natural,
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ื•ื”ื ืจืื• ืฉื‘ืกืชื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
16:21
beautiful, sweet, delicious fat from geese.
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ื™ืคื”ืคื”, ืžืชื•ืง, ื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื.
16:25
And they slaughtered them, used the fat throughout the winter for cooking.
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื—ื˜ื• ืื•ืชื, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
16:29
The Pharaoh got wind of this --
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ืคืจืขื” ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ื›ืš --
16:31
This is true, right off the Internet.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™, ื™ืฉืจ ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
16:33
The Pharaoh got -- (Laughter)
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ืคืจืขื” ืฉืžืข -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:36
I swear to God.
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ืื ื™ ื ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
16:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:39
The Pharaoh got wind of this and wanted to taste it.
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ืคืจืขื” ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ืจืฆื” ืœื˜ืขื•ื.
16:43
He tasted it and fell in love with it.
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื•.
16:45
He started demanding it.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื•.
16:46
And he didn't want it just in the fall, he wanted it all year round.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืฆื” ืื•ืชื• ืจืง ื‘ืกืชื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.
16:49
And he demanded that the Jews supply enough for everyone.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืกืคืงื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื›ื•ืœื.
16:53
And the Jews, fearing for their life,
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ื•ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
16:55
had to come up with an ingenious idea,
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ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื,
16:57
or at least try and satisfy the Pharaoh's wishes, of course.
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
17:01
And they invented, what? Gavage.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•, ืžื”? ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื•ืื–'.
17:03
They invented gavage in a great moment of fear for their lives,
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ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื•ืื–' ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
17:11
and they provided the Pharaoh with gavage liver,
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ื•ื”ื ืกื™ืคืงื• ืœืคืจืขื” ื›ื‘ื“ ื’ื•ื•ืื–',
17:14
and the good stuff they kept for themselves.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉืžืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื.
17:16
Supposedly, anyway. I believe that one.
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ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”.
17:19
That's the history of foie gras.
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ื–ื• ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื–.
17:22
And if you think about it,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
17:23
it's the history of industrial agriculture.
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ื–ื• ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืขืฉืช.
17:28
It's the history of what we eat today.
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ื–ื• ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
17:31
Most of what we eat today.
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ืจื•ื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
17:33
Mega-farms, feed lots, chemical amendments,
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ื—ื•ื•ืช ืขื ืง, ื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื”, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื™ืžื™,
17:37
long-distance travel, food processing.
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ืžืกืขื•ืช ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
17:40
All of it, our food system.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
17:42
That's also an insult to history.
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ื’ื ื–ื” ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
17:46
It's an insult to the basic laws of nature
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ื–ื” ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
17:50
and of biology.
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ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
17:54
Whether we're talking about beef cattle
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืงืจ ืœื‘ืฉืจ
17:57
or we're talking about chickens,
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช,
18:00
or we're talking about broccoli or Brussels sprouts,
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ ืื• ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื ื™ืฆื ื™ื,
18:04
or in the case of this morning's New York Times, catfish --
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ืื•, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื“ื’ ื”ืฉืคืžื ื•ืŸ --
18:09
which wholesale are going out of business.
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ืฉื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืคื•ืฉื˜ืช ืจื’ืœ.
18:13
Whatever it is, it's a mindset that is reminiscent of General Motors.
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”, ื–ื”ื• ื“ืคื•ืก ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื’'ื ืจืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจืก.
18:18
It's rooted in extraction.
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ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื”.
18:21
Take more, sell more, waste more.
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ืงื—ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื›ืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
18:24
And for the future it won't serve us.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
18:28
Jonas Salk has a great quote.
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ื ืืก ืกืืœืง
18:30
He said, "If all the insects disappeared,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื™ืœื• ื ืขืœืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื,
18:32
life on Earth as we know it would disappear within 50 years.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื”ื™ื• ื ืขืœืžื™ื ืชื•ืš 50 ืฉื ื”.
18:39
If human beings disappeared, life on Earth as we know it would flourish."
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ืื™ืœื• ื ืขืœืžื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื™ื."
18:46
And he's right.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง.
18:50
We need now to adopt a new conception of agriculture.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
18:56
Really new.
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ืžืžืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื”.
18:57
One in which we stop treating the planet
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ืชืคื™ืกื” ืœืคื™ื” ืœื ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”
19:00
as if it were some kind of business in liquidation.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืขืกืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืง.
19:04
And stop degrading resources under the guise of
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ื•ื ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ
19:08
cheap food.
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ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืœ.
19:10
We can start by looking to farmers like Eduardo.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื•.
19:14
Farmers that rely on nature
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ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
19:15
for solutions, for answers,
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ืœืฉื ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช,
19:19
rather than imposing solutions on nature.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
19:22
Listening as Janine Benyus,
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ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื” ื’'ืื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื•ืก,
19:24
one of my favorite writers and thinkers about this topic says,
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื,
19:27
"Listening to nature's operating instructions."
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"ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข".
19:30
That's what Eduardo does, and does so brilliantly.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื“ื•ืืจื“ื• ืขื•ืฉื”, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”.
19:33
And what he showed me and what he can show all of us, I think,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืœื™, ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•,
19:35
is that the great thing for chefs, the great blessing for chefs,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืคื™ื, ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืคื™ื,
19:42
and for people that care about food and cooking,
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ืžืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ,
19:49
is that the most ecological choice for food
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœ
19:52
is also the most ethical choice for food.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœ.
19:55
Whether we're talking about Brussels sprouts or foie gras.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื ื™ืฆื ื™ื ืื• ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–.
19:58
And it's also almost always, and I haven't found an example otherwise,
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“, ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉื•ื ื”,
20:02
but almost always, the most delicious choice.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“, ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
20:07
That's serendipitous.
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ื–ื• ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืžืคืชื™ืขื”.
20:08
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
20:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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