The deadly genius of drug cartels | Rodrigo Canales

683,111 views ใƒป 2013-11-04

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Boaz Hovav ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
In December of 2010,
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ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2010,
00:17
the city of Apatzingรกn
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืคืื˜ื–ื™ื ื’ืืŸ,
00:19
in the coastal state of Michoacรกn, in Mexico,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงืืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
00:22
awoke to gunfire.
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ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ืœืงื•ืœ ื™ืจื™ื•ืช.
00:24
For two straight days,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื,
00:26
the city became an open battlefield
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืฉื“ื” ืงืจื‘
00:28
between the federal forces
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”
00:30
and a well-organized group,
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ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
00:32
presumably from the local criminal organization,
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ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืคืฉืข ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
00:34
La Familia Michoacana, or the Michoacรกn family.
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"ืœื” ืคืืžื™ืœื™ื” ืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงื ื”" ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืงืŸ.
00:38
The citizens didn't only experience incessant gunfire
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ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžื™ืจื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืง
00:41
but also explosions
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ื•ื’ื ืžืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื
00:43
and burning trucks used as barricades across the city,
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ื•ืฉืจืคืช ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
00:47
so truly like a battlefield.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืงืจื‘ ืืžื™ืชื™.
00:49
After these two days,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื,
00:50
and during a particularly intense encounter,
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ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืงืจื‘ ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
00:53
it was presumed that the leader of La Familia Michoacana,
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ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงืŸ,
00:55
Nazario Moreno, was killed.
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ื ื–ืืจื™ื• ืžื•ืจื ื•, ื ื”ืจื’.
00:58
In response to this terrifying violence,
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ืช,
01:00
the mayor of Apatzingรกn
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ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืืคืื˜ื–ื™ื ื’ืŸ
01:02
decided to call the citizens to a march for peace.
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ืงืจื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฆืขื“ืช ืฉืœื•ื.
01:04
The idea was to ask for a softer approach
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ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืจื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:08
to criminal activity in the state.
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ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
01:10
And so, the day of the scheduled procession,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืชื”ืœื•ื›ื” ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช,
01:13
thousands of people showed up.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:15
As the mayor was preparing to deliver
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ
01:17
the speech starting the march,
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ืœื ืื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื”ืœื•ื›ื”,
01:19
his team noticed
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ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš
01:20
that, while half of the participants
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ืฉื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืงื”ืœ
01:24
were appropriately dressed in white,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ,
01:25
and bearing banners asking for peace,
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ื•ื ืฉื ื›ืจื–ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื,
01:28
the other half was actually marching
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ืื•ืœื ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืžื•ืš
01:30
in support of the criminal organization
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ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืฉืข ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ
01:33
and its now-presumed-defunct leader.
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ื•ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื›ื ื•ืคื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจื– ื›ืžืช.
01:37
Shocked, the mayor decided to step aside
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ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื“ืขื–ืข, ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ
01:40
rather than participate or lead a procession
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ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืื• ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืชื”ืœื•ื›ื”
01:42
that was ostensibly in support of organized crime.
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ืฉืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืคืฉืข ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ.
01:45
And so his team stepped aside.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืคื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื.
01:47
The two marches joined together,
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฆืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื–ื’ื•,
01:49
and they continued their path
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ืŸ
01:52
towards the state capital.
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ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
01:55
This story of horrific violence
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ืช
02:00
followed by a fumbled approach
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ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืฉ
02:02
by federal and local authorities as they tried
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ืžืฆื“ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืกื•
02:04
to engage civil society,
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ืœืขืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
02:06
who has been very well engaged by a criminal organization,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืฉืข,
02:09
is a perfect metaphor for what's happening in Mexico today,
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ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื›ื™ื•ื,
02:12
where we see that our current understanding
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ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•
02:16
of drug violence and what leads to it
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื”
02:18
is probably at the very least incomplete.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:21
If you decided to spend 30 minutes trying
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ืื ืชืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”
02:23
to figure out what's going on with drug violence in Mexico
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•
02:25
by, say, just researching online,
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ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
02:27
the first thing you would find out is that
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ื”ืžืžืฆื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื”
02:29
while the laws state that all Mexican citizens are equal,
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ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื›ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”,
02:33
there are some that are more
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:34
and there are some that are much less equal than others,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ืจื™ื,
02:38
because you will quickly find out
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ื›ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ืชื’ืœื•
02:39
that in the past six years
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ืฉื‘ืฉืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
02:41
anywhere between 60 and 100,000 people
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 60 ืœ- 100 ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ
02:43
have lost their lives in drug-related violence.
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ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืกืžื™ื.
02:46
To put these numbers in perspective,
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฉื’,
02:48
this is eight times larger than the number of casualties
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ 8 ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื
02:51
in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars combined.
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืขื™ืจืืง ื•ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื™ื—ื“.
02:55
It's also shockingly close to the number of people
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื–ืขื–ืข ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
02:58
who have died in the Syrian civil war,
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ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”,
03:00
which is an active civil war.
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ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ืช.
03:03
This is happening just south of the border.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
03:06
Now as you're reading, however,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
03:07
you will be maybe surprised that you will quickly
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ืชื•ืคืชืขื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ
03:09
become numb to the numbers of deaths,
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ืชื”ืคื›ื• ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื,
03:11
because you will see that these are sort of abstract numbers
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ื”ื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื
03:15
of faceless, nameless dead people.
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ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืฉื.
03:18
Implicitly or explicitly, there is a narrative
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื– ืื• ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื
03:21
that all the people who are dying
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื•
03:23
were somehow involved in the drug trade,
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื,
03:26
and we infer this because they were either tortured
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื˜ื— ืขื•ื ื•
03:29
or executed in a professional manner,
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ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช,
03:32
or, most likely, both.
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ืื•, ืื•ืœื™, ืฉื ื™ื”ื.
03:33
And so clearly they were criminals
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื
03:35
because of the way they died.
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ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื ืžืชื•.
03:38
And so the narrative is that somehow these people
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช
03:40
got what they were deserved.
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ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืขืœ ืขื•ื ืฉื.
03:42
They were part of the bad guys.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื.
03:44
And that creates some form of comfort
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื ื•ื—ื”
03:47
for a lot of people.
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ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:48
However, while it's easier to think
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ืื‘ืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
03:51
of us, the citizens, the police, the army,
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ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ื”ืฆื‘ื,
03:55
as the good guys, and them, the narcos,
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ื›ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื”ืžืกื•ืžืžื™ื,
03:59
the carteles, as the bad guys,
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ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื”, ื›ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื,
04:02
if you think about it,
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ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”,
04:03
the latter are only providing a service to the former.
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ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
04:07
Whether we like it or not,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื ืื”ื‘ ื–ืืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœื
04:09
the U.S. is the largest market
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ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:12
for illegal substances in the world,
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ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:13
accounting for more than half of global demand.
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ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
04:17
It shares thousands of miles of border with Mexico
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ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื ืžืชื— ืœืื•ืจืš ืืœืคื™ ืง"ืž
04:20
that is its only route of access from the South,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื“ืจื•ื,
04:23
and so, as the former dictator of Mexico, Porfirio Diaz,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืคื•ืคื™ืจื™ื• ื“ื™ืื–,
04:26
used to say, "Poor Mexico,
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ื ื”ื’ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, "ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื”ืžืกื›ื ื”,
04:29
so far from God and so close to the United States."
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืืจื”"ื‘."
04:35
The U.N. estimates that there are 55 million users
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ื”ืื•"ื ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื›- 55 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™
04:38
of illegal drugs in the United States.
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ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
04:40
Using very, very conservative assumptions,
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ืื ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืจื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
04:43
this yields a yearly drug market on the retail side
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ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ืง ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืกืžื™ื
04:46
of anywhere between 30 and 150 billion dollars.
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ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 30 ืœ- 150 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ..
04:49
If we assume that the narcos only have access
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ืื ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืœืกื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื”
04:51
to the wholesale part, which we know is false,
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ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
04:54
that still leaves you with yearly revenues
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช
04:56
of anywhere between 15 billion and 60 billion dollars.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 15 ืœ- 60 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
05:01
To put these numbers in perspective,
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ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”,
05:03
Microsoft has yearly revenues of 60 billion dollars.
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ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื›- 60 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
05:07
And it so happens that this is a product that,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ,
05:10
because of its nature, a business model
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ืฉื‘ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื•, ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™
05:13
to address this market requires you
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ืฉืคื•ื ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืžืš
05:16
to guarantee to your producers
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ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื™ืฆืจื ื™ื
05:18
that their product will be reliably placed
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—
05:20
in the markets where it is consumed.
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ืœืฉื•ืง ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืฆืจืš.
05:23
And the only way to do this, because it's illegal,
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™,
05:26
is to have absolute control of the geographic corridors
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ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื
05:29
that are used to transport drugs.
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ื“ืจื›ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืžื™ื.
05:31
Hence the violence.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
05:34
If you look at a map of cartel influence and violence,
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ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืฉืข ื•ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
05:37
you will see that it almost perfectly aligns
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ืชืจืื• ื”ืชืืžื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช
05:39
with the most efficient routes of transportation
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ืœืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ
05:41
from the south to the north.
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ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ.
05:43
The only thing that the cartels are doing
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืฉืข
05:44
is that they're trying to protect their business.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ืฉืœื”ื.
05:47
It's not only a multi-billion dollar market,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืกืง ืฉืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื,
05:49
but it's also a complex one.
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ื•ื‘ืขืกืง ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
05:51
For example, the coca plant is a fragile plant
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืฆืžื— ื”ืงื•ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืžืื“
05:54
that can only grow in certain latitudes,
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ืฉื’ื“ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื,
05:56
and so it means that a business model
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™
05:58
to address this market requires you to have
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ืฉืคื•ื ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ
06:00
decentralized, international production,
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ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื "ืœ,
06:02
that by the way needs to have good quality control,
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ืฉื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
06:05
because people need a good high
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ืจื™ืค ื˜ื•ื‘
06:07
that is not going to kill them
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ืฉืœื ื™ื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื
06:09
and that is going to be delivered to them when they need it.
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ื•ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
06:12
And so that means they need to secure
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื™ื™ื
06:14
production and quality control in the south,
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื,
06:17
and you need to ensure that you have
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื
06:19
efficient and effective distribution channels
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ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืคืฆื” ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืืžื™ื ื™ื
06:21
in the markets where these drugs are consumed.
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ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื™ื.
06:25
I urge you, but only a little bit,
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ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
06:26
because I don't want to get you in trouble,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืกืชื‘ื›ื• ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช,
06:28
to just ask around and see how difficult it would be
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ืฉืชื ืกื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื”
06:32
to get whatever drug you want, wherever you want it,
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืกืžื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืชื”ื™ื•,
06:35
whenever you want it, anywhere in the U.S.,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
06:37
and some of you may be surprised to know
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืคืชืขื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช
06:40
that there are many dealers that offer a service
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ืกืžื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉืจื•ืช
06:42
where if you send them a text message,
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ื‘ื• ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื— ื”ื•ื“ืขืช SMS,
06:44
they guarantee delivery of the drug
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ื•ื”ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืกื
06:46
in 30 minutes or less.
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ืชื•ืš 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช.
06:49
Think about this for a second.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืจื’ืข.
06:51
Think about the complexity
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
06:53
of the distribution network that I just described.
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ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
06:56
It's very difficult to reconcile this
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ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื–ื”
06:59
with the image of faceless, ignorant goons
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ืขื ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื—ืกืจื™ ืคื ื™ื, ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื,
07:03
that are just shooting each other,
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”,
07:05
very difficult to reconcile.
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ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘.
07:07
Now, as a business professor, and as any business professor would tell you,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืœ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื’ื™ื“,
07:11
an effective organization requires
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉ
07:13
an integrated strategy that includes
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ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช
07:15
a good organizational structure, good incentives,
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ืžื‘ื ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื—ื–ืง, ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
07:18
a solid identity and good brand management.
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ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื•ืชื’.
07:21
This leads me to the second thing that you would learn
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ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืชืœืžื“ื•
07:23
in your 30-minute exploration of drug violence in Mexico.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 30 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืกืžื™ื ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
07:26
Because you would quickly realize,
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ื›ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ืชื‘ื™ื ื•,
07:28
and maybe be confused by the fact,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื• ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”,
07:29
that there are three organizations
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ืฉื™ืฉ 3 ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื
07:30
that are constantly named in the articles.
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ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช.
07:34
You will hear about Los Zetas,
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ืชืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ืœื•ืก ื–ื˜ืืก,
07:36
the Knights Templar, which is the new brand
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ื”ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืคืœืจื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ
07:38
for the Familia Michoacana that I spoke about at the beginning,
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”,
07:41
and the Sinaloa Federation.
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ื•ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื™ืช ืกื™ื ืœื•ืื”.
07:43
You will read that Los Zetas is this assortment
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ืชืงืจืื• ืฉืœื•ืก ื–ื˜ืืก ื”ื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช
07:46
of sociopaths that terrify the cities that they enter
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ืฉืœ ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืคืืชื™ื ืฉืžืคื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช
07:50
and they silence the press,
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ื•ืžืฉืชื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช,
07:53
and this is somewhat true, or mostly true.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืืžืช, ืื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืžืช.
07:56
But this is the result of a very careful branding
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘
08:00
and business strategy.
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ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช.
08:02
You see, Los Zetas is not just
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืœื•ืก ื–ืื˜ื•ืก ื”ื ืœื ืจืง
08:04
this random assortment of individuals,
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ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืืงืจืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
08:06
but was actually created by another criminal organization, the Gulf Cartel,
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ืืœื ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืคืฉืข ืื—ืจ, ืงืจื˜ืœ ื”ืžืคืจืฅ,
08:09
that used to control the eastern corridor of Mexico.
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ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืžืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืœืืจื”"ื‘.
08:12
When that corridor became contested, they decided
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื”, ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
08:15
that they wanted to recruit
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ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก
08:17
a professional enforcement arm.
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ื–ืจื•ืข ืื›ื™ืคื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช.
08:19
So they recruited Los Zetas:
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ืื– ื”ื ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืืช ืœื•ืก ื–ื˜ืืก:
08:23
an entire unit of elite paratroopers
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ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืฆื ื—ื ื™ื ืžื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
08:26
from the Mexican Army.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™.
08:29
They were incredibly effective as enforcers for the Gulf Cartel,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืจื•ืช ืงืจื˜ืœ ื”ืžืคืจืฅ,
08:33
so much so that at some point, they decided
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
08:34
to just take over the operations,
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ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืกืง,
08:37
which is why I ask you to never keep tigers as pets,
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ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื›ื ืœื ืœืืžืฅ ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืกื™ื ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“,
08:41
because they grow up.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื.
08:43
Because the Zetas organization was founded in treason,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื˜ืืก ื ื•ืกื“ ืžื‘ื’ื™ื“ื”,
08:47
they lost some of the linkages to the production and distribution
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ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื•ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื
08:50
in the most profitable markets like cocaine,
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ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ,
08:52
but what they did have,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื,
08:53
and this is again based on their military origin,
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™,
08:56
was a perfectly structured chain of command
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ืžื‘ื ื” ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื”
08:59
with a very clear hierarchy
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ืขื ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”
09:01
and a very clear promotion path that allowed them
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ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื
09:05
to supervise and operate across many, many markets
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ืœืคืงื— ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื
09:09
very effectively,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:11
which is the essence of what a chain of command seeks to do.
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ืžืžืฉ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“.
09:15
And so because they didn't have access
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื”
09:16
to the more profitable drug markets,
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ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:18
this pushed them and gave them the opportunity
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ื”ื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื ืฆืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช
09:20
to diversify into other forms of crime.
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ื•ืœืคืชื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืฉืข.
09:24
That includes kidnapping, prostitution,
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ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ ื—ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช, ื–ื ื•ืช,
09:28
local drug dealing and human trafficking,
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ืกื—ืจ ืกืžื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
09:30
including of migrants that go from the south to the U.S.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื‘ืจื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืœืืจื”"ื‘.
09:34
So what they currently run is truly
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
09:38
and quite literally a franchise business.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืขืกืง ื‘ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
09:42
They focus most of their recruiting on the army,
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ื”ื ืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื”ื ืžืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ ืฆื‘ื ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
09:45
and they very openly advertise for better salaries,
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ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:48
better benefits, better promotion paths,
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ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื,
09:51
not to mention much better food,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:53
than what the army can deliver.
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื.
09:56
The way they operate is that
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ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื
09:57
when they arrive in a locality,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ,
09:59
they let people know that they are there,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฉื,
10:01
and they go to the most powerful local gang
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ื•ื”ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื ื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื
10:04
and they say, "I offer you
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื :"ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ื
10:06
to be the local representative of the Zeta brand."
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื–ื˜ื”."
10:10
If they agree -- and you don't want to know
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ืื ื”ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื - ื•ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช
10:11
what happens if they don't --
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื -
10:13
they train them and they supervise them
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื—
10:15
on how to run the most efficient criminal operation
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืคืฉืข ื™ืขื™ืœ
10:18
for that town, in exchange for royalties.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื.
10:22
This kind of business model obviously depends
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื›ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืกืก ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
10:24
entirely on having a very effective brand of fear,
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ืขืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื—ื–ืง ืžืื“ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื“,
10:26
and so Los Zetas
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ื•ื›ืš ืœื•ืก ื–ื˜ืืก
10:28
carefully stage acts of violence
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ืžื‘ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื
10:31
that are spectacular in nature,
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ื•ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืชื
10:33
especially when they arrive first in a city,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื™ืจ,
10:35
but again, that's just a brand strategy.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’.
10:39
I'm not saying they're not violent,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืืœื™ืžื™ื,
10:41
but what I am saying is that even though you will read
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืชืงืจืื•
10:42
that they are the most violent of all,
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ืืœื™ืžื™ื ืžื›ื•ืœื,
10:44
when you count, when you do the body count,
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ื›ืฉืชืกืคืจื•, ื›ืฉืชืกืคืจื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื•ืช,
10:47
they're actually all the same.
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
10:51
In contrast to them, the Knights Templar
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื, ื”ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืคืœืจื™ื
10:54
that arose in Michoacรกn
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ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงืŸ
10:56
emerged in reaction to the incursion
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ื ื•ืกื“ื• ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคืœื™ืฉื”
10:59
of the Zetas into the state of Michoacรกn.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื˜ืืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงืŸ.
11:01
Michoacรกn is a geographically strategic state
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ืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงืŸ ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™
11:04
because it has one of the largest ports in Mexico,
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ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
11:06
and it has very direct routes to the center of Mexico,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืžืจื›ื– ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
11:09
which then gives you direct access to the U.S.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืืจื”"ื‘.
11:12
The Knights Templar realized very quickly
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ื”ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืคืœืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“
11:13
that they couldn't face the Zetas on violence alone,
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื–ื˜ืืก,
11:17
and so they developed a strategy
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ืื– ื”ื ืคืชื—ื• ื’ื™ืฉื”
11:19
as a social enterprise.
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ื–ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
11:22
They brand themselves as representative of
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ื”ื ืžื™ืชื’ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื›ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื
11:25
and protecting of the citizens of Michoacรกn
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ื•ื›ืžื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงืŸ
11:28
against organized crime.
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ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืคืฉืข ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ.
11:30
Their brand of social enterprise means
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ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืžื™ื–ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™
11:32
that they require a lot of civic engagement,
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ื“ืจืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืจื‘ื”,
11:34
so they invest heavily in providing local services,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
11:38
like dealing with home violence,
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ื›ืžื• ืžื ื™ืขืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
11:41
going after petty criminals, treating addicts,
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ืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืจื™ื ืœืกืžื™ื,
11:45
and keeping drugs out of the local markets
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ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™
11:48
where they are,
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ื‘ื• ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื•,
11:50
and, of course, protecting people
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
11:52
from other criminal organizations.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืคืฉืข ืžืชื—ืจื™ื.
11:54
Now, they kill a lot of people too,
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ื’ื ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื,
11:57
but when they kill them,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื,
12:00
they provide very careful narratives and descriptions
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ื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื
12:02
for why they did them,
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ืœืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืจื’,
12:04
through newspaper insertions, YouTube videos,
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ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube,
12:08
and billboards that explain that the people who were killed
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ื•ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื•
12:10
were killed because they represented a threat
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ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ืฆื’ื• ืื™ื•ื
12:12
not to us, as an organization, of course,
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ืœื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื,
12:14
but to you, as citizens.
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ืืœื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
12:16
And so we're actually here to protect you.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—.
12:19
They, as social enterprises do,
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ื”ื, ื›ืžื™ื–ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
12:21
have created a moral and ethical code
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ื™ืฆืจื• ืงื•ื“ ืืชื™ ื•ืžื•ืกืจื™
12:23
that they advertise around,
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืคืจืกืžื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื,
12:25
and they have very strict recruiting practices.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื’ื™ื•ืก ืงืคื“ื ื™ื•ืช.
12:28
And here you have the types of explanations
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืœื›ื ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื
12:30
that they provide for some of their actions.
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ืฉื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
12:34
They have actually retained access
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ื”ื ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”
12:36
to the profitable drug trade,
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ืœืกื—ืจ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™,
12:38
but the way they do it is, because they control all of Michoacรกn,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงืŸ,
12:40
and they control the Port of Lรกzaro Cรกrdenas,
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™,
12:43
they leverage that to, for example,
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ื”ื ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
12:44
trade copper from Michoacรกn that is legally created
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืžืžื™ืฆ'ื•ืืงืŸ ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™
12:48
and legally extracted
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ื•ืžื•ืคืงืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™
12:49
with illegal ephedrine from China
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ืชืžื•ืจืช ืืคื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืžืกื™ืŸ.
12:51
which is a critical precursor for methamphetamines
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื ืžืžืจื™ืฆื™ื
12:55
that they produce, and then they have partnerships
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ืฉื”ื ืžืคื™ืงื™ื, ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช
12:57
with larger organizations like the Sinaloa Federation
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ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื™ืช ืกื™ื ืœื•ืื”
13:00
that place their products in the U.S.
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ืฉืžืคื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
13:02
Finally, the Sinaloa Federation.
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ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื™ืช ืกื™ื ืœื•ืื”.
13:05
When you read about them, you will often read about them
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ื›ืฉืชืงืจืื• ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืชืงืจืื•
13:07
with an undertone of reverence and admiration,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจืฆื”,
13:11
because they are the most integrated
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:13
and the largest of all the Mexican organizations,
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ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
13:15
and, many people argue, the world.
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
13:19
They started as just sort of a transport organization
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ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื›ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”,
13:22
that specialized in smuggling between the U.S.
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ืฉื”ืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ื‘ืจื—ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ
13:24
and the Mexican borders,
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
13:26
but now they have grown
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ืืœื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื•
13:27
into a truly integrated multinational
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ืœื›ื“ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
13:31
that has partnerships in production in the south
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ืขื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื
13:33
and partnerships in global distribution
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ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื”ืคืฆืช ืกืžื™ื
13:36
across the planet.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
13:38
They have cultivated a brand of professionalism,
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื›ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ื,
13:42
business acumen and innovation.
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ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
13:45
They have designed new drug products
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ื”ื ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ืกืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
13:47
and new drug processes.
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ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
13:49
They have designed narco-tunnels
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ื”ื ื—ืคืจื• ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื”
13:51
that go across the border,
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ืžืชื—ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ,
13:53
and you can see that these are not
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืฉืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ
13:55
"The Shawshank Redemption" types.
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ื‘ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžื”ื›ืœื (ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”).
13:58
They have invented narco-submarines and boats
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ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ืจื—ืช ืกืžื™ื ื•ืกื™ืจื•ืช
14:02
that are not detected by radar.
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ืฉืœื ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื›"ื.
14:05
They have invented drones to transport drugs,
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืœื˜"ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืจื—ืช ืกืžื™ื
14:07
catapults, you name it.
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ื•ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ืจืื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
14:11
One of the leaders of the Sinaloa Federation
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ืื—ื“ ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื™ืช ืกื™ื ืœื•ืื”
14:13
actually made it to the Forbes list.
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื“ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ Forbes.
14:15
[#701 Joaquin Guzman Loera]
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(ืžืงื•ื 701 - Joaquin Guzman Loera)
14:17
Like any multinational would, they have specialized
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืจื‘-ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ื ื”ืชืžื—ื•
14:20
and focused only in the most profitable part of the business,
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ื•ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ืขื ืคื™ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืง,
14:23
which is high-margin drugs like cocaine,
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ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ืœื™ ืจื•ื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ,
14:25
heroine, methamphetamines.
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ื”ืจื•ืื™ืŸ, ื•ืกืžื™ื ืžืžืจื™ืฆื™ื.
14:28
Like any traditional Latin American multinational would,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ืจื‘ ืœืื•ืžื™,
14:30
the way they control their operations
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
14:32
is through family ties.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงืฉืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
14:34
When they're entering a new market, they send
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื
14:36
a family member to supervise it,
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ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœืคืงื— ืขืœื™ื•,
14:37
or, if they're partnering with a new organization,
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ืื•, ื›ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ,
14:40
they create a family tie,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงืฉืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
14:42
either through marriages or other types of ties.
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ื“ืจืš ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื•ืช.
14:46
Like any other multinational would,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืจื‘- ืœืื•ืžื™,
14:48
they protect their brand by outsourcing
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ื”ื ืžื’ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช
14:51
the more questionable parts of the business model,
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ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืงืคืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื–ืจื•ืช,
14:54
like for example, when they have to engage
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืฉื”ื ืคืชื—ื•
14:56
in violence against other criminal organizations,
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืคืฉืข ืื—ืจ,
14:58
they recruit gangs and other smaller players
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ื”ื ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ื›ื ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื
15:02
to do the dirty work for them,
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ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช,
15:04
and they try to separate their operations
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ื•ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
15:05
and their violence and be very discrete about this.
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ื•ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
15:09
To further strengthen their brand,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื–ืง ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’,
15:12
they actually have professional P.R. firms
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ื”ื ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช
15:14
that shape how the press talks about them.
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ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
15:17
They have professional videographers on staff.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฆืœืžื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช.
15:20
They have incredibly productive ties
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื
15:23
with the security organizations
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ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
15:24
on both sides of the border.
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ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ.
15:28
And so, differences aside,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื,
15:30
what these three organizations share
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ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื
15:34
is on the one hand, a very clear understanding
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”
15:38
that institutions cannot be imposed from the top,
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ืฉืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”,
15:41
but rather they are built from the bottom up
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ืืœื” ืจืง ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”
15:44
one interaction at a time.
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ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื.
15:47
They have created extremely coherent structures
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื
15:49
that they use to show the inconsistencies
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ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช
15:52
in government policies.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
15:56
And so what I want you to remember from this talk
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื–ื›ืจื•
15:59
are three things.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ื—ื”.
16:00
The first one is that drug violence
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื
16:03
is actually the result
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”
16:05
of a huge market demand
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขืฆื•ื
16:08
and an institutional setup that forces
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ื•ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื—
16:12
the servicing of this market to necessitate violence
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ืืช ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช
16:15
to guarantee delivery routes.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื.
16:19
The second thing I want you to remember
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืชื–ื›ืจื• ื”ื•ื
16:21
is that these are sophisticated,
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ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื
16:23
coherent organizations
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
16:26
that are business organizations,
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ืฉืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื ื›ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื,
16:28
and analyzing them and treating them as such
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื
16:30
is probably a much more useful approach.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
16:33
The third thing I want you to remember
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืฉืชื–ื›ืจื•
16:35
is that even though we're more comfortable
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื— ืœื ื•
16:37
with this idea of "them,"
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ "ื”ื"
16:39
a set of bad guys separated from us,
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื, ื ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
16:42
we are actually accomplices to them,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
16:45
either through our direct consumption
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ื“ืจืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”
16:47
or through our acceptance of the inconsistency
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ืื• ื“ืจืš ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช
16:52
between our policies of prohibition
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
16:54
and our actual behavior of tolerance
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช
16:57
or even encouragement of consumption.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกืžื™ื.
17:01
These organizations service, recruit from,
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ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืฉืจืชื™ื, ืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืžืงืจื‘,
17:05
and operate within our communities,
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ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
17:07
so necessarily, they are much more integrated
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื
17:10
within them than we are comfortable acknowledging.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉื ืขื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช.
17:14
And so to me the question is not whether
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ื•ื›ืš, ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื
17:17
these dynamics will continue the way they have.
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš.
17:20
We see that the nature of this phenomenon
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
17:23
guarantees that they will.
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš.
17:26
The question is whether we are willing to continue
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš
17:29
our support of a failed strategy
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ื•ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื›ื•ืฉืœืช
17:33
based on our stubborn, blissful, voluntary ignorance
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ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืงืฉื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื•ื ื™
17:39
at the cost of the deaths of thousands of our young.
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ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืืœืคื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•.
17:44
Thank you.
399
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
17:45
(Applause)
400
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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