The deadly genius of drug cartels | Rodrigo Canales

682,511 views ใƒป 2013-11-04

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Damin Park
00:13
In December of 2010,
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2010๋…„ 12์›”,
00:17
the city of Apatzingรกn
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ
00:19
in the coastal state of Michoacรกn, in Mexico,
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๋ฏธ์ดˆ์•„์นธ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒ์นญํ•œ ์‹œ๋Š”
00:22
awoke to gunfire.
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์ด์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์•„์นจ์„ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
For two straight days,
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์ดํ‹€๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์ด์–ด
00:26
the city became an open battlefield
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ตฐ๊ณผ
00:28
between the federal forces
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์†Œ์†์ผ
00:30
and a well-organized group,
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์ž˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ์กฐ์ง ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
00:32
presumably from the local criminal organization,
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์ „์Ÿํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:34
La Familia Michoacana, or the Michoacรกn family.
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๋ผ ํŒŒ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฏธ์ดˆ์นด๋‚˜, ๋ฏธ์ดˆ์นด๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋ž€ ์กฐ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
The citizens didn't only experience incessant gunfire
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ์ด์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€
00:41
but also explosions
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ํญ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:43
and burning trucks used as barricades across the city,
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์‹œ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ธ ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์ง€์š”.
00:47
so truly like a battlefield.
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์ •๋ง ์ „์Ÿํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ์ผ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
After these two days,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ‹€์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ 
00:50
and during a particularly intense encounter,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์‹ธ์›€์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
00:53
it was presumed that the leader of La Familia Michoacana,
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๋ผ ํŒŒ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฏธ์ดˆ์นด๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž์ธ
00:55
Nazario Moreno, was killed.
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๋‚˜์ž๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ชจ๋ ˆ๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
In response to this terrifying violence,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:00
the mayor of Apatzingรกn
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์•„ํŒŒ์นญํ•œ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
01:02
decided to call the citizens to a march for peace.
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ํ‰ํ™” ํ–‰์ง„์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
The idea was to ask for a softer approach
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์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:08
to criminal activity in the state.
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ํ‰ํ™”์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
And so, the day of the scheduled procession,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ–‰์ง„์ด ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ๋‚ 
01:13
thousands of people showed up.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
As the mayor was preparing to deliver
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์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํ–‰์ง„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:17
the speech starting the march,
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์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:19
his team noticed
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์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ขŒ๊ด€๋“ค์€
01:20
that, while half of the participants
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ด
01:24
were appropriately dressed in white,
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ํฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ณต์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:25
and bearing banners asking for peace,
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ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
01:28
the other half was actually marching
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€
01:30
in support of the criminal organization
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
01:33
and its now-presumed-defunct leader.
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์ง€๋„์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Shocked, the mayor decided to step aside
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์€
01:40
rather than participate or lead a procession
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์ง„์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
01:42
that was ostensibly in support of organized crime.
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๊ทธ ํ–‰์ง„์—์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ๋น„๊ปด ์„œ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
And so his team stepped aside.
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๋ณด์ขŒ๊ด€๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
01:47
The two marches joined together,
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์–‘์ชฝ์˜ ํ–‰์ง„ ์ง„์˜์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ž์—ฌ
01:49
and they continued their path
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์ฃผ๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜
01:52
towards the state capital.
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๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
This story of horrific violence
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ์ด์–ด
02:00
followed by a fumbled approach
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋˜
02:02
by federal and local authorities as they tried
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์ค‘์•™ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ
02:04
to engage civil society,
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ
02:06
who has been very well engaged by a criminal organization,
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
02:09
is a perfect metaphor for what's happening in Mexico today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
where we see that our current understanding
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ฝ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์™€
02:16
of drug violence and what leads to it
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:18
is probably at the very least incomplete.
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๋ฏธ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
If you decided to spend 30 minutes trying
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  30๋ถ„๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:23
to figure out what's going on with drug violence in Mexico
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ ์ž
02:25
by, say, just researching online,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:27
the first thing you would find out is that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
02:29
while the laws state that all Mexican citizens are equal,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์ธ์€ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
02:33
there are some that are more
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”
02:34
and there are some that are much less equal than others,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:38
because you will quickly find out
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:39
that in the past six years
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์ง€๋‚œ 6๋…„๊ฐ„
02:41
anywhere between 60 and 100,000 people
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60๋ช…์—์„œ 10๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:43
have lost their lives in drug-related violence.
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ํญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
To put these numbers in perspective,
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์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
02:48
this is eight times larger than the number of casualties
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์ด๋ž€๊ณผ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜
02:51
in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars combined.
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8๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
It's also shockingly close to the number of people
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚ด์ „์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ
02:58
who have died in the Syrian civil war,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์ฃ .
03:00
which is an active civil war.
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์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ „์Ÿ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:03
This is happening just south of the border.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:06
Now as you're reading, however,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:07
you will be maybe surprised that you will quickly
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์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
03:09
become numb to the numbers of deaths,
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๋ฌด๊ฐ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
because you will see that these are sort of abstract numbers
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:15
of faceless, nameless dead people.
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์–ผ๊ตด๋„ ์ด๋ฆ„๋„ ์—†์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
03:18
Implicitly or explicitly, there is a narrative
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ํ•จ์ถ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์™ธ์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“ 
03:21
that all the people who are dying
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์ฃฝ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:23
were somehow involved in the drug trade,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋“  ๋งˆ์•ฝ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
and we infer this because they were either tortured
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
03:29
or executed in a professional manner,
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
or, most likely, both.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์š”.
03:33
And so clearly they were criminals
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
03:35
because of the way they died.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋“ค์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:38
And so the narrative is that somehow these people
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์–ด์ฐŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:40
got what they were deserved.
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๋งˆ๋•…ํžˆ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฅธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
They were part of the bad guys.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์œ ํŽธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
And that creates some form of comfort
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:47
for a lot of people.
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ 
03:48
However, while it's easier to think
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค, ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด๋‚˜,
03:51
of us, the citizens, the police, the army,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ, ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŽธ์ด๊ณ 
03:55
as the good guys, and them, the narcos,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์— ์ทจํ•œ
03:59
the carteles, as the bad guys,
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์นด๋ฅดํ…”๋กœ์จ ๋‚˜์œ ํŽธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
04:02
if you think about it,
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์ข€ ๋” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
04:03
the latter are only providing a service to the former.
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ํ›„์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ์ „์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—์š”.
04:07
Whether we like it or not,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋“ 
04:09
the U.S. is the largest market
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
04:12
for illegal substances in the world,
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ๋งˆ์•ฝ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:13
accounting for more than half of global demand.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:17
It shares thousands of miles of border with Mexico
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์™€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋งˆ์ผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
04:20
that is its only route of access from the South,
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๊ทธ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์€ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ธธ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:23
and so, as the former dictator of Mexico, Porfirio Diaz,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ์ „ ๋…์žฌ์ž์ธ ํฌ๋ฅดํ”ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋””์•„์ฆˆ๋Š”
04:26
used to say, "Poor Mexico,
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"๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์—ฌ,
04:29
so far from God and so close to the United States."
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์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:35
The U.N. estimates that there are 55 million users
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UN์˜ ์ถ”์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:38
of illegal drugs in the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” 5์ฒœ5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ํˆฌ์•ฝ์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Using very, very conservative assumptions,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด๋„
04:43
this yields a yearly drug market on the retail side
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ๋งค ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋งค๋…„
04:46
of anywhere between 30 and 150 billion dollars.
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300์–ต์—์„œ 1500์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
If we assume that the narcos only have access
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋„๋งค ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์—๋งŒ
04:51
to the wholesale part, which we know is false,
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์†์„ ๋ป—์นœ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
04:54
that still leaves you with yearly revenues
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งค๋…„
04:56
of anywhere between 15 billion and 60 billion dollars.
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150์–ต์—์„œ 600์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
To put these numbers in perspective,
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์ด ๋ˆ์„ ์ถ”์‚ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:03
Microsoft has yearly revenues of 60 billion dollars.
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋…„ 600์–ต๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ด์œค์„ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
And it so happens that this is a product that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด ์ƒํ’ˆ์€
05:10
because of its nature, a business model
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๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ, ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
05:13
to address this market requires you
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์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ
05:16
to guarantee to your producers
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์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—
05:18
that their product will be reliably placed
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์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:20
in the markets where it is consumed.
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๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
And the only way to do this, because it's illegal,
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
05:26
is to have absolute control of the geographic corridors
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ์šด์†กํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์œ ํ†ต๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„
05:29
that are used to transport drugs.
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๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:31
Hence the violence.
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์ฆ‰, ํญ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
If you look at a map of cartel influence and violence,
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์นด๋ฅดํ…”์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:37
you will see that it almost perfectly aligns
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šด์†ก์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ธธ๊ณผ
05:39
with the most efficient routes of transportation
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
from the south to the north.
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๋‚จ์—์„œ ๋ถ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
05:43
The only thing that the cartels are doing
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์นด๋ฅดํ…”์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ผ์€
05:44
is that they're trying to protect their business.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
05:47
It's not only a multi-billion dollar market,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ˆ˜์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:49
but it's also a complex one.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
For example, the coca plant is a fragile plant
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ฝ”์นด๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์œ„๋„์—์„œ๋งŒ
05:54
that can only grow in certain latitudes,
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์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด์—์š”.
05:56
and so it means that a business model
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”
05:58
to address this market requires you to have
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์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:00
decentralized, international production,
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
that by the way needs to have good quality control,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์—…์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
because people need a good high
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์— ์ง€์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
06:07
that is not going to kill them
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์ข‹์€ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:09
and that is going to be delivered to them when they need it.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:12
And so that means they need to secure
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๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:14
production and quality control in the south,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:17
and you need to ensure that you have
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์ด ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š”
06:19
efficient and effective distribution channels
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์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ 
06:21
in the markets where these drugs are consumed.
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์œ ํ†ต ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
06:25
I urge you, but only a little bit,
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์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณค๋ž€์— ๋น ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:26
because I don't want to get you in trouble,
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์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
06:28
to just ask around and see how difficult it would be
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ฌผ์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„
06:32
to get whatever drug you want, wherever you want it,
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ
06:35
whenever you want it, anywhere in the U.S.,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:37
and some of you may be surprised to know
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ๋Š”
06:40
that there are many dealers that offer a service
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด
06:42
where if you send them a text message,
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30๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋งˆ์•ฝ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์„
06:44
they guarantee delivery of the drug
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๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—
06:46
in 30 minutes or less.
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๋†€๋ผ์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
06:49
Think about this for a second.
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์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:51
Think about the complexity
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์œ ํ†ต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜
06:53
of the distribution network that I just described.
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๋„คํฌ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:56
It's very difficult to reconcile this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์งˆ์„ ํ•ด๋Œ€๋Š”
06:59
with the image of faceless, ignorant goons
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ํญ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€
07:03
that are just shooting each other,
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์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
07:05
very difficult to reconcile.
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์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
07:07
Now, as a business professor, and as any business professor would tell you,
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์ž ์ด์ œ, ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋ฐ
07:11
an effective organization requires
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—๋Š”
07:13
an integrated strategy that includes
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์ „๋žต์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
a good organizational structure, good incentives,
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์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ข‹์€ ์žฅ๋ ค ์ •์ฑ…,
07:18
a solid identity and good brand management.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ๋˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
07:21
This leads me to the second thing that you would learn
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:23
in your 30-minute exploration of drug violence in Mexico.
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30๋ถ„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:26
Because you would quickly realize,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:28
and maybe be confused by the fact,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ ํ˜ผ๋™์„ ๋Š๋ผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:29
that there are three organizations
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์–ธ๋ก ์— ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:30
that are constantly named in the articles.
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3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
You will hear about Los Zetas,
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๋กœ์Šค ์ œํƒ€์Šค,
07:36
the Knights Templar, which is the new brand
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๋‚˜์ดํŠธ ํ…œํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ, ์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š”
07:38
for the Familia Michoacana that I spoke about at the beginning,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋ฏธ์ดˆ์•„์นด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด์ฃ .
07:41
and the Sinaloa Federation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋‚˜๋กœ์•„ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
You will read that Los Zetas is this assortment
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๋กœ์Šค ์ œํƒ€์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ
07:46
of sociopaths that terrify the cities that they enter
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๊ณตํฌ์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
07:50
and they silence the press,
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๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณ‘ํ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
and this is somewhat true, or mostly true.
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—์š”.
07:56
But this is the result of a very careful branding
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋”ฉ๊ณผ
08:00
and business strategy.
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์‚ฌ์—… ์ „๋žต์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
You see, Los Zetas is not just
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋กœ์Šค ์ œํƒ€์Šค๋Š”
08:04
this random assortment of individuals,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„์  ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
but was actually created by another criminal organization, the Gulf Cartel,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑธํ”„ ์นด๋ฅดํ…”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
08:09
that used to control the eastern corridor of Mexico.
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์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋™์ชฝ ์œ ํ†ต๋กœ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
When that corridor became contested, they decided
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๊ทธ ์ชฝ ์œ ํ†ต๋กœ์—์„œ ๋„์ „์„ ๋ฐ›์ž
08:15
that they wanted to recruit
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„
08:17
a professional enforcement arm.
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์˜์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์„ ,
08:19
So they recruited Los Zetas:
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๋กœ์Šค ์ œํƒ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์˜์ž…ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:23
an entire unit of elite paratroopers
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๊ตฐ ์ตœ์ •์˜ˆ ๊ณต์ˆ˜๋Œ€์˜
08:26
from the Mexican Army.
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ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋Œ€ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
They were incredibly effective as enforcers for the Gulf Cartel,
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๊ฑธํ”„ ์นด๋ฅดํ…”์˜ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
so much so that at some point, they decided
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด
08:34
to just take over the operations,
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์ „์ฒด ์ž‘์ „์„ ๋„˜๊ฒจ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:37
which is why I ask you to never keep tigers as pets,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด๋ฅผ ์• ์™„ ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋“ค์ด์‹œ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
08:41
because they grow up.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:43
Because the Zetas organization was founded in treason,
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์ œํƒ€์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:47
they lost some of the linkages to the production and distribution
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:50
in the most profitable markets like cocaine,
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์œ ํ†ต์— ๋ˆ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:52
but what they did have,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€,
08:53
and this is again based on their military origin,
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์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋„ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:56
was a perfectly structured chain of command
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€
08:59
with a very clear hierarchy
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ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์ฒด๊ณ„,
09:01
and a very clear promotion path that allowed them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ์Šน๊ธ‰ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋•๋ถ„์—
09:05
to supervise and operate across many, many markets
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:09
very effectively,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
which is the essence of what a chain of command seeks to do.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…๋ น ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด์ฃ .
09:15
And so because they didn't have access
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€
09:16
to the more profitable drug markets,
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:18
this pushed them and gave them the opportunity
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜
09:20
to diversify into other forms of crime.
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
That includes kidnapping, prostitution,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚ฉ์น˜, ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค,
09:28
local drug dealing and human trafficking,
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ํŒ๋งค, ์ธ์‹  ๋งค๋งค ๋“ฑ๊ณผ
09:30
including of migrants that go from the south to the U.S.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ€์ž…๊ตญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
So what they currently run is truly
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‡๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:38
and quite literally a franchise business.
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์ •๋ง ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์—์š”.
09:42
They focus most of their recruiting on the army,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ ์ž…์›์„ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜ค๋ฉฐ
09:45
and they very openly advertise for better salaries,
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๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ์™€
09:48
better benefits, better promotion paths,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ˜œํƒ, ์Šน์ง„ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก 
09:51
not to mention much better food,
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๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค
09:53
than what the army can deliver.
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์ข‹์€ ์Œ์‹์€ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๊ณ ์š”.
09:56
The way they operate is that
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
09:57
when they arrive in a locality,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ
09:59
they let people know that they are there,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
10:01
and they go to the most powerful local gang
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํž˜์ด ์„ผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์กฐ์ง์—๊ฒŒ
10:04
and they say, "I offer you
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ , "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ค๋“ค์ด
10:06
to be the local representative of the Zeta brand."
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์ œํƒ€์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋„ค."
10:10
If they agree -- and you don't want to know
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด -- ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
10:11
what happens if they don't --
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”. --
10:13
they train them and they supervise them
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์ œํƒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
on how to run the most efficient criminal operation
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์ถฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:18
for that town, in exchange for royalties.
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ „์ˆ˜ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
This kind of business model obviously depends
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
10:24
entirely on having a very effective brand of fear,
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์•„์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
10:26
and so Los Zetas
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋กœ์Šค ์ œํƒ€์Šค๋Š”
10:28
carefully stage acts of violence
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน์ ์ธ
10:31
that are spectacular in nature,
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋ ˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
especially when they arrive first in a city,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๋„์‹œ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:35
but again, that's just a brand strategy.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ „๋žต์ด์—์š”.
10:39
I'm not saying they're not violent,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
but what I am saying is that even though you will read
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
10:42
that they are the most violent of all,
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:44
when you count, when you do the body count,
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์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
10:47
they're actually all the same.
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
In contrast to them, the Knights Templar
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๊ทธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ ํ…œํ”Œ๋ผ๋Š”
10:54
that arose in Michoacรกn
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๋ฏธ์ดˆ์•„์นธ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜์–ด
10:56
emerged in reaction to the incursion
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์ œํƒ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ดˆ์•„์นธ ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์—
10:59
of the Zetas into the state of Michoacรกn.
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๋‚œ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฒ”ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:01
Michoacรกn is a geographically strategic state
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๋ฏธ์ดˆ์•„์นธ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ์š”์ถฉ์ง€์—์š”.
11:04
because it has one of the largest ports in Mexico,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
11:06
and it has very direct routes to the center of Mexico,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์ค‘์•™์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์งํ•ญ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
which then gives you direct access to the U.S.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์งํ•ญ๋กœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:12
The Knights Templar realized very quickly
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๋‚˜์ดํŠธ ํ…œํ”Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํญ๋ ฅ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
11:13
that they couldn't face the Zetas on violence alone,
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์ œํƒ€์Šค์™€ ๋Œ€์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
11:17
and so they developed a strategy
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ
11:19
as a social enterprise.
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์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
They brand themselves as representative of
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜์—ฌ
11:25
and protecting of the citizens of Michoacรกn
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๋ฏธ์ดˆ์•„์นธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
11:28
against organized crime.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Their brand of social enterprise means
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š”
11:32
that they require a lot of civic engagement,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:34
so they invest heavily in providing local services,
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์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์น˜์ง€์š”.
11:38
like dealing with home violence,
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๊ฐ€์ • ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:41
going after petty criminals, treating addicts,
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๊ฒฝ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์™€ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:45
and keeping drugs out of the local markets
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
11:48
where they are,
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์ผ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
11:50
and, of course, protecting people
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
11:52
from other criminal organizations.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:54
Now, they kill a lot of people too,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:57
but when they kill them,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
12:00
they provide very careful narratives and descriptions
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ์€
12:02
for why they did them,
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๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ์™€ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
through newspaper insertions, YouTube videos,
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€์š”.
12:08
and billboards that explain that the people who were killed
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๋˜๋Š” ์˜ฅ์™ธ ๊ด‘๊ณ ํƒ‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
12:10
were killed because they represented a threat
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์‚ดํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
12:12
not to us, as an organization, of course,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์ธ ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:14
but to you, as citizens.
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์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
And so we're actually here to protect you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:19
They, as social enterprises do,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด
12:21
have created a moral and ethical code
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„๋•์  ํ˜น์€ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
12:23
that they advertise around,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์„ ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
and they have very strict recruiting practices.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฒฐ์—ฐํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
And here you have the types of explanations
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:30
that they provide for some of their actions.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
They have actually retained access
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋“์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ฝ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ
12:36
to the profitable drug trade,
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์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
but the way they do it is, because they control all of Michoacรกn,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ์ดˆ์•„์นธ ์ฃผ์™€ ๋ผ์ž๋กœ ์นด๋ฅด๋ฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์„
12:40
and they control the Port of Lรกzaro Cรกrdenas,
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์†์•„๊ท€์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:43
they leverage that to, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
trade copper from Michoacรกn that is legally created
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๋ฏธ์ดˆ์•„์นธ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์™€
12:48
and legally extracted
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์—ํŽ˜๋“œ๋ฆฐ์„
12:49
with illegal ephedrine from China
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๊ตํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
which is a critical precursor for methamphetamines
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๋ฉ”ํƒํŽ˜ํƒ€๋ฏผ(ํ•„๋กœํฐ)์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด์ฃ .
12:55
that they produce, and then they have partnerships
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ์œ ํ†ตํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
12:57
with larger organizations like the Sinaloa Federation
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์‹œ๋‚˜๋กœ์•„ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ฒด๊ฐ™์€
13:00
that place their products in the U.S.
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๋” ํฐ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™์—…์„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
13:02
Finally, the Sinaloa Federation.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋กœ์•„ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:05
When you read about them, you will often read about them
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๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด
13:07
with an undertone of reverence and admiration,
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์กด๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์นญ์†ก์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
because they are the most integrated
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ค‘์—
13:13
and the largest of all the Mexican organizations,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์กฐ์ง๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
and, many people argue, the world.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์ผ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
13:19
They started as just sort of a transport organization
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
13:22
that specialized in smuggling between the U.S.
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๋ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”
13:24
and the Mexican borders,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์šด์†ก ๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:26
but now they have grown
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ
13:27
into a truly integrated multinational
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์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๊ตญ์ ํ™”๋˜์–ด
13:31
that has partnerships in production in the south
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๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋™์—…์ž๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:33
and partnerships in global distribution
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์œ ํ†ต ๋™์—…์ž๋„
13:36
across the planet.
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๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
They have cultivated a brand of professionalism,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
13:42
business acumen and innovation.
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์‚ฌ์—…์  ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
They have designed new drug products
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„
13:47
and new drug processes.
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๋””์ž์ธํ•ด ์™”์ฃ .
13:49
They have designed narco-tunnels
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜๋Š”
13:51
that go across the border,
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ๋ฃจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:53
and you can see that these are not
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ํ™” "์‡ผ์ƒํฌ ํƒˆ์ถœ" ๊ณผ๋Š”
13:55
"The Shawshank Redemption" types.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
They have invented narco-submarines and boats
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ ˆ์ด๋”์— ์žกํžˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š”
14:02
that are not detected by radar.
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์ž ์ˆ˜์ •๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
They have invented drones to transport drugs,
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ธ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์™€
14:07
catapults, you name it.
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ํˆฌ์„๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:11
One of the leaders of the Sinaloa Federation
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์‹œ๋‚˜๋กœ์•„ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‘๋ชฉ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€
14:13
actually made it to the Forbes list.
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ํฌ๋ธŒ์Šค์ง€์˜ ๋ช…๋‹จ์—๋„ ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
[#701 Joaquin Guzman Loera]
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[701๋ฒˆ. ํ˜ธ์•„ํ€ธ ๊ตฌ์ฆˆ๋งŒ ๋กœ์—๋ผ]
14:17
Like any multinational would, they have specialized
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ค‘์—
14:20
and focused only in the most profitable part of the business,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์œค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํŠนํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
which is high-margin drugs like cocaine,
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์ฝ”์นด์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์ด์ฃ .
14:25
heroine, methamphetamines.
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ํ—ค๋กœ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ํŽจํƒ€๋ฏผ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
14:28
Like any traditional Latin American multinational would,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์  ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
14:30
the way they control their operations
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šด์˜์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
14:32
is through family ties.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
When they're entering a new market, they send
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•  ๋•Œ
14:36
a family member to supervise it,
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์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๊ด„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
14:37
or, if they're partnering with a new organization,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ๋™์—…์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
14:40
they create a family tie,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
either through marriages or other types of ties.
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ์š”.
14:46
Like any other multinational would,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด
14:48
they protect their brand by outsourcing
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ค‘์— ์˜์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
14:51
the more questionable parts of the business model,
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์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์œ„ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
like for example, when they have to engage
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๋งž์„œ
14:56
in violence against other criminal organizations,
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ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฉด
14:58
they recruit gangs and other smaller players
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์ค„
15:02
to do the dirty work for them,
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ํŒจ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
and they try to separate their operations
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ๊ณผ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
15:05
and their violence and be very discrete about this.
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
To further strengthen their brand,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
15:12
they actually have professional P.R. firms
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์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
that shape how the press talks about them.
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์–ธ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:17
They have professional videographers on staff.
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์ง์› ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ ์˜์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ง„์‚ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:20
They have incredibly productive ties
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
15:23
with the security organizations
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์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€
15:24
on both sides of the border.
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๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
And so, differences aside,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๋“ค์€ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ 
15:30
what these three organizations share
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์ด๋“ค ์„ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:34
is on the one hand, a very clear understanding
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์ œ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:38
that institutions cannot be imposed from the top,
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์ฃผ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
but rather they are built from the bottom up
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ œ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:44
one interaction at a time.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
15:47
They have created extremely coherent structures
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ
15:49
that they use to show the inconsistencies
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๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
15:52
in government policies.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
And so what I want you to remember from this talk
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
15:59
are three things.
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์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
The first one is that drug violence
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์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ํญ๋ ฅ์€
16:03
is actually the result
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜
16:05
of a huge market demand
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์š”๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฉฐ
16:08
and an institutional setup that forces
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๋˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์œ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
16:12
the servicing of this market to necessitate violence
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ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
16:15
to guarantee delivery routes.
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์ œ๋„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
The second thing I want you to remember
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
16:21
is that these are sophisticated,
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์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ 
16:23
coherent organizations
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์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ
16:26
that are business organizations,
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์‚ฌ์—…์  ๋‹จ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ
16:28
and analyzing them and treating them as such
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ์— ๋งž๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
16:30
is probably a much more useful approach.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
The third thing I want you to remember
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
16:35
is that even though we're more comfortable
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์•…๋‹น์œผ๋กœ์จ
16:37
with this idea of "them,"
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"๊ทธ๋“ค"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
16:39
a set of bad guys separated from us,
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๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
16:42
we are actually accomplices to them,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ฒ”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
either through our direct consumption
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
16:47
or through our acceptance of the inconsistency
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฒ•์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—
16:52
between our policies of prohibition
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ์ฒดํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
16:54
and our actual behavior of tolerance
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๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ธ์ •,
16:57
or even encouragement of consumption.
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
These organizations service, recruit from,
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์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
17:05
and operate within our communities,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
so necessarily, they are much more integrated
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
17:10
within them than we are comfortable acknowledging.
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๋” ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ๊ฒฐ์†์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
And so to me the question is not whether
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:17
these dynamics will continue the way they have.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ„์†๋ ๋Ÿฐ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
17:20
We see that the nature of this phenomenon
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
17:23
guarantees that they will.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
The question is whether we are willing to continue
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์ œ ์˜๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ ์ง‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
17:29
our support of a failed strategy
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๋ฌด์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜๋„์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ
17:33
based on our stubborn, blissful, voluntary ignorance
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์ด๋ฏธ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
at the cost of the deaths of thousands of our young.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ์˜ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์„ ํฌ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
17:44
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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400
1065807
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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