Why school should start later for teens | Wendy Troxel

641,333 views ใƒป 2017-06-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Igal Opendik ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
It's six o'clock in the morning,
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ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
00:14
pitch black outside.
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ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
00:16
My 14-year-old son is fast asleep in his bed,
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ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื”-14 ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ืชื•,
00:19
sleeping the reckless, deep sleep of a teenager.
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ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื”.
00:23
I flip on the light and physically shake the poor boy awake,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ืžื ืขืจืช ืืช ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ืžืกื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ืจื•,
00:27
because I know that, like ripping off a Band-Aid,
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ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื™ ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืื—ืช,
00:30
it's better to get it over with quickly.
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ื›ืš, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ื•ืช.
00:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:34
I have a friend who yells "Fire!" just to rouse her sleeping teen.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืœืฆืจื•ื— "ืฉืจืคื”!", ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื” ื”ื ืขืจ ืžืฉื ืชื•.
00:38
And another who got so fed up
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ืš ื›ืš ื ืžืืก
00:40
that she had to dump cold water on her son's head
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืืœืฆื” ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื‘ื ื”
00:43
just to get him out of bed.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื”ืžื™ื˜ื”.
00:46
Sound brutal ...
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ื ืฉืžืข ืืœื™ื...
00:48
but perhaps familiar?
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ืืš ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืžื•ื›ืจ?
00:51
Every morning I ask myself,
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ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™,
00:54
"How can I --
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"ืื™ืš ืื ื™ --
00:55
knowing what I know
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื™
00:57
and doing what I do for a living --
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ื•ืขื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืคืจื ืกืชื™ --
01:00
be doing this to my own son?"
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื ื™?"
01:02
You see,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื,
01:04
I'm a sleep researcher.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืฉื™ื ื”.
01:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:08
So I know far too much about sleep
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”
01:09
and the consequences of sleep loss.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื™ื ื”.
01:12
I know that I'm depriving my son of the sleep he desperately needs
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืœืœืช ืžื‘ื ื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช
01:16
as a rapidly growing teenager.
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ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื ืขืจ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืžื•ืืฅ.
01:19
I also know that by waking him up
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื•
01:21
hours before his natural biological clock tells him he's ready,
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ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉืขื•ื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ,
01:26
I'm literally robbing him of his dreams --
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื“ื“ืช ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื• --
01:29
the type of sleep most associated with learning, memory consolidation
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ืคืจืง ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ืœืžื™ื“ื”, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช
01:35
and emotional processing.
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ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืจื’ืฉื™.
01:37
But it's not just my kid that's being deprived of sleep.
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ื‘ื ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื ืฉื“ื“ ืžืฉื ื•ืชื•.
01:41
Sleep deprivation among American teenagers is an epidemic.
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ืฉืœื™ืœืช ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ ืืจื”''ื‘.
01:46
Only about one in 10 gets the eight to 10 hours of sleep per night
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ืจืง ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ 10 ื ื”ื ื” ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขื“ 10 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื”
01:50
recommended by sleep scientists and pediatricians.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืจื•ืคืื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
01:55
Now, if you're thinking to yourself,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื,
01:56
"Phew, we're doing good, my kid's getting eight hours,"
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"ืžื–ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืช",
02:00
remember,
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ื–ื›ืจื•,
02:01
eight hours is the minimum recommendation.
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ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช.
02:04
You're barely passing.
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ืืชื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืคื”.
02:06
Eight hours is kind of like getting a C on your report card.
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ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” -- ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ 60 ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ.
02:10
There are many factors contributing to this epidemic,
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ืœืžื’ืคื” ื–ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
02:14
but a major factor preventing teens from getting the sleep they need
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืžืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื
02:18
is actually a matter of public policy.
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ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
02:21
Not hormones, social lives or Snapchat.
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ืœื ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ืกื ืืคืฆ'ืื˜.
02:27
Across the country,
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจื”''ื‘
02:28
many schools are starting around 7:30am or earlier,
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ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 7:30 ืื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:33
despite the fact that major medical organizations recommend
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื
02:37
that middle and high school start no earlier than 8:30am.
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ืฉื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘-8:30 ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื.
02:43
These early start policies have a direct effect on how much --
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช --
02:47
or really how little sleep American teenagers are getting.
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ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืžืžื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื”''ื‘.
02:52
They're also pitting teenagers and their parents
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ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืขืžื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื
02:56
in a fundamentally unwinnable fight against their own bodies.
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืื‘ืง ืื‘ื•ื“ ืžืจืืฉ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืคื.
03:01
Around the time of puberty,
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช
03:03
teenagers experience a delay in their biological clock,
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืœืš ืฉืขื•ื ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
03:06
which determines when we feel most awake and when we feel most sleepy.
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ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื™ ืื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ ืื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
03:11
This is driven in part by a shift in the release of the hormone melatonin.
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ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื ืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ.
03:15
Teenagers' bodies wait to start releasing melatonin until around 11pm,
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ื’ื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 11:00,
03:21
which is two hours later than what we see in adults or younger children.
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ื–ืืช ื›ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจืื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
03:27
This means that waking a teenager up at 6am is the biological equivalent
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื” 6:00
03:33
of waking an adult up at 4am.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื” 4:00.
03:37
On the unfortunate days when I have to wake up at 4am,
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื™ ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืฉืขื” 4:00,
03:41
I'm a zombie.
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื•ืžื‘ื™.
03:42
Functionally useless.
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ื—ืกืจืช ืชื•ืขืœืช.
03:44
I can't think straight,
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ื•ื’ืŸ,
03:46
I'm irritable,
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ืื ื™ ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ืช
03:47
and I probably shouldn't be driving a car.
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื’ื ืฉืœื ืื ื”ื’.
03:51
But this is how many American teenagers feel every single school day.
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ืื•ืœื, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื”''ื‘ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
03:56
In fact, many of the, shall we say,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช
03:59
unpleasant characteristics that we chalk up to being a teenager --
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ืฉืžื–ื•ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช --
04:03
moodiness, irritability, laziness, depression --
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื—, ื ืจื’ื ื•ืช, ืขืฆืœื ื•ืช, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ --
04:06
could be a product of chronic sleep deprivation.
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ื”ื™ื ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื›ืจื•ื ื™.
04:10
For many teens battling chronic sleep loss,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื›ืจื•ื ื™,
04:13
their go-to strategy to compensate is consuming large quantities of caffeine
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ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงืคืื™ืŸ
04:19
in the form of venti frappuccinos,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืžืžื•ืชืงื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงืคื”,
04:21
or energy drinks and shots.
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ื•ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื.
04:23
So essentially,
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ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื”
04:25
we've got an entire population of tired but wired youth.
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ื ื•ืขืจ ืขื™ื™ืฃ, ืืš ืžืชื•ื—.
04:33
Advocates of sleep-friendly start times know
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
04:37
that adolescence is a period of dramatic brain development,
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ืฉื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืžื•ืืฆืช,
04:40
particularly in the parts of the brain
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื—
04:42
that are responsible for those higher order thinking processes,
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ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”,
04:46
including reasoning, problem-solving and good judgment.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื ืžืงื”, ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช.
04:51
In other words, the very type of brain activity that's responsible
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืื—ืจืื™ืช
04:54
for reining in those impulsive and often risky behaviors
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ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืžืคื•ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
04:58
that are so characteristic of adolescence
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ืืฉืจ ื›ืš ื›ืš ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช.
05:01
and that are so terrifying to us parents of teenagers.
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ื•ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื.
05:06
They know that like the rest of us,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•,
05:08
when teenagers don't get the sleep they need,
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ื›ืฉืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง
05:10
their brains, their bodies and behaviors suffer
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ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื,
05:13
with both immediate and lasting effects.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ืš ื”ืงืฆืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ืš ื”ืื•ืจื•ืš.
05:17
They can't concentrate,
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื›ื–,
05:18
their attention plummets
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ืจืžืช ื”ืงืฉื‘ ืฉืœื”ื ืฆื•ื ื—ืช
05:20
and many will even show behavioral signs that mimic ADHD.
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ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืืฃ ื™ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– (ADHD).
05:26
But the consequences of teen sleep loss go well beyond the classroom,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืกืš ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
05:30
sadly contributing to many of the mental health problems
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ืœืฆืขืจื™ื ื• ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
05:34
that skyrocket during adolescence,
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ืืฉืจ ืžื–ื ืงื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช,
05:36
including substance use,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื™ื,
05:38
depression and suicide.
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ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช.
05:42
In our work with teens from LA Unified School District,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’ืœืก
05:45
we found that teens with sleep problems
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ืžืฆืื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”
05:47
were 55 percent more likely to have used alcohol in the past month.
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ื™ืฉ % 55 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ื.
05:52
In another study with over 30,000 high school students,
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ืžืขืœ 30,000 ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
05:56
they found that for each hour of lost sleep,
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ืฉืขืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื™ื ื”
06:00
there was a 38 percent increase in feeling sad or hopeless,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœ % 38 ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ ืื• ื™ืื•ืฉ
06:05
and a 58 percent increase in teen suicide attempts.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœ % 58 ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื.
06:10
And if that's not enough,
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง,
06:12
teens who skip out on sleep are at increased risk
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ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ
06:15
for a host of physical health problems that plague our country,
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ืœืชื—ืœื•ืื” ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืงื“ื•ืช ืืช ืืจืฆื™ื ื•,
06:19
including obesity, heart disease and diabetes.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ืกื›ืจืช.
06:24
Then there's the risk of putting a sleep-deprived teen,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”
06:27
with a newly minted driver's license,
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ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”,
06:30
behind the wheel.
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ืœืฉื‘ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ื’ื”.
06:31
Studies have shown that getting five hours or less of sleep per night
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ื“ื• ื›ื™ ืฉื ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืžืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช
06:36
is the equivalent of driving with a blood alcohol content above the legal limit.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื•ืช ืขืจืš ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขื ืจืžืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืง.
06:48
Advocates of sleep-friendly start times,
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ืืœื” ืฉื‘ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื”,
06:50
and researchers in this area,
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื,
06:52
have produced tremendous science
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ืฆื‘ืจื• ืžืกื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ ืขืฆื•ื
06:54
showing the tremendous benefits of later start times.
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ืฉืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช.
06:58
The findings are unequivocal,
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ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชืžืขื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ืคื ื™ื
07:01
and as a sleep scientist,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืฉื™ื ื”
07:02
I rarely get to speak with that kind of certainty.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื” ืจื‘.
07:06
Teens from districts with later start times get more sleep.
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ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืžืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื ื”.
07:10
To the naysayers who may think that if schools start later,
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ืœืืœื• ื”ืกืงืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื—ืจ,
07:14
teens will just stay up later,
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ืื–ื™ ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
07:16
the truth is,
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื
07:18
their bedtimes stay the same,
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ืฉื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืจื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
07:19
but their wake-up times get extended,
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ืืš ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชืืจื›ื™ื
07:22
resulting in more sleep.
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”.
07:25
They're more likely to show up for school;
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ื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
07:27
school absences dropped by 25 percent in one district.
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื“ื” ื‘-525% ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช.
07:31
And they're less likely to drop out.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช.
07:34
Not surprisingly, they do better academically.
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ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืฉื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ื”ืฉื’ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
07:37
So this has real implications for reducing the achievement gap.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืคืขืจื™ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื™ื.
07:42
Standardized test scores in math and reading
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ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืงืจื™ืื”
07:45
go up by two to three percentage points.
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ืžืฉืชืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
07:48
That's as powerful as reducing class sizes by one-third fewer students,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ
07:53
or replacing a so-so teacher in the classroom
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ืื• ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™
07:56
with a truly outstanding one.
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ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ืกื“ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.
08:00
Their mental and physical health improves,
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ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืžืฉืชืคืจืช
08:02
and even their families are happier.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:05
I mean, who wouldn't enjoy a little more pleasantness from our teens,
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ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื ื’ื“ ืœืจืื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื—ืช ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื,
08:10
and a little less crankiness?
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ื•ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช?
08:12
Even their communities are safer
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:14
because car crash rates go down --
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ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื“ --
08:17
a 70 percent reduction in one district.
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% 70 ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“.
08:21
Given these tremendous benefits,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
08:23
you might think,
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ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื ืœืชื”ื•ืช --
08:25
well, this is a no-brainer, right?
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"ื ื•, ืขืœ ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืคื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœืœ?"
08:27
So why have we as a society failed to heed this call?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื›ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื•ืช ืœืืชื’ืจ?
08:33
Often the argument against later start times goes something like this:
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืžืกืชื›ืžืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื’ื•ืŸ --
08:37
"Why should we delay start times for teenagers?
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"ืœืžื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื?
08:40
We need to toughen them up so they're ready for the real world!"
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™!"
08:44
But that's like saying to the parent of a two-year-old,
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ืื•ืœื, ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื --
08:46
"Don't let Johnny nap,
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"ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ืœื’'ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ,
08:48
or he won't be ready for kindergarten."
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ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื".
08:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:53
Delaying start times also presents many logistical challenges.
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ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
08:57
Not just for students and their families,
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ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
09:00
but for communities as a whole.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื›ืœืœ.
09:02
Updating bus routes,
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ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื,
09:04
increased transportation costs,
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ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืกืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:06
impact on sports,
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ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜,
09:07
care before or after school.
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ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื˜ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
09:10
These are the same concerns that come up in district after district,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืื•ืชื ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืชื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ื•ืžื—ื•ื–,
09:14
time and again around the country
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจื”''ื‘,
09:16
as school start times are debated.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
09:19
And they're legitimate concerns,
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ื•ืืœื” ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื,
09:22
but these are problems we have to work through.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืชืŸ ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“.
09:25
They are not valid excuses
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ืืœื• ืœื ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื
09:28
for failing to do the right thing for our children,
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ืืช ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• --
09:31
which is to start middle and high schools no earlier than 8:30am.
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ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืขื” 8:30 ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื.
09:37
And in districts around the country,
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ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืืจื”''ื‘,
09:39
big and small, who have made this change,
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ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“, ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”
09:42
they found that these fears are often unfounded
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ืจืื• ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื.
09:45
and far outweighed by the tremendous benefits for student health
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ื”ื ืžืชื’ืžื“ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื,
09:50
and performance,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
09:52
and our collective public safety.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
09:55
So tomorrow morning,
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ืื–, ืžื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
09:57
when coincidentally we get to set our clocks back by an hour
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ืื ื ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฉืขื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืขื” ืื—ื•ืจื”,
10:03
and you get that delicious extra hour of sleep,
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ื ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืฉืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืชื•ืงื”
10:09
and the day seems a little longer,
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ื•ื™ื•ืžื ื• ื™ืจืื” ืงืฆืช ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:11
and a little more full of hope,
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ื•ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
10:14
think about the tremendous power of sleep.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”.
10:19
And think about what a gift it would be
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ื–ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื–ืืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
10:21
for our children to be able to wake up naturally,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•, ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
10:25
in harmony with their own biology.
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ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžืจืงื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
10:29
Thank you,
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
10:30
and pleasant dreams.
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ื•ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืคื–.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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