Why school should start later for teens | Wendy Troxel

624,726 views ใƒป 2017-06-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: KwangYu Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seo-Ho Cho
00:12
It's six o'clock in the morning,
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์•„์นจ 6์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
pitch black outside.
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๋ฐ–์€ ์น ํ™๊ฐ™์ด ๊นœ๊นœํ•˜์ฃ .
00:16
My 14-year-old son is fast asleep in his bed,
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์ œ 14์‚ด ์•„๋“ค์€ ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ
00:19
sleeping the reckless, deep sleep of a teenager.
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๊นŠ์€ ์ž ์— ๋น ์ ธ ์ˆ™๋ฉด ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
I flip on the light and physically shake the poor boy awake,
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์ „๋“ฑ์„ ์ผœ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ์†Œ๋…„์„ ํ”๋“ค์–ด ๊นจ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
because I know that, like ripping off a Band-Aid,
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๋ฐ˜์ฐฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด๋“ฏ์ด ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ํ•ด์น˜์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
00:30
it's better to get it over with quickly.
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๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:34
I have a friend who yells "Fire!" just to rouse her sleeping teen.
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ์ž ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ ์• ๋ฅผ ๊นจ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  "๋ถˆ์ด์•ผ!"ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ณ์š”.
00:38
And another who got so fed up
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง€๊ธ‹์ง€๊ธ‹ํ•ด์„œ
00:40
that she had to dump cold water on her son's head
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์•„์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ์ฐฌ๋ฌผ์„
00:43
just to get him out of bed.
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๋ถ€์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋„ค์š”.
00:46
Sound brutal ...
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์ธ์ •์‚ฌ์ • ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”.
00:48
but perhaps familiar?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
00:51
Every morning I ask myself,
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๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด์š”.
00:54
"How can I --
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"์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ,
00:55
knowing what I know
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
00:57
and doing what I do for a living --
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๋‚ด ์ง์—…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ
01:00
be doing this to my own son?"
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋‚ด ์•„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"
01:02
You see,
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์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:04
I'm a sleep researcher.
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์ „ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:08
So I know far too much about sleep
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์ „ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜
01:09
and the consequences of sleep loss.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ์•„์š”.
01:12
I know that I'm depriving my son of the sleep he desperately needs
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ญ๋Œ€ ์†Œ๋…„์ธ ์ œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ํ•„์š”๋กœํ•˜๋Š” ์ž ์„
01:16
as a rapidly growing teenager.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋นผ์•—๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
01:19
I also know that by waking him up
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด ์‹œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‹ค๊ณ 
01:21
hours before his natural biological clock tells him he's ready,
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ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊นจ์›Œ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:26
I'm literally robbing him of his dreams --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๋บ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹จ ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
the type of sleep most associated with learning, memory consolidation
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๋ฐฐ์›€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ถ•์ , ๊ฐ์ • ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ์™€
01:35
and emotional processing.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž ์„์š”.
01:37
But it's not just my kid that's being deprived of sleep.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์•„์ด๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
01:41
Sleep deprivation among American teenagers is an epidemic.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Only about one in 10 gets the eight to 10 hours of sleep per night
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์—ด ๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋งŒ์ด ๋ฐค์— ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์™€ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š”
01:50
recommended by sleep scientists and pediatricians.
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8-10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ž ์„ ์žก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Now, if you're thinking to yourself,
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์Šค์Šค๋กœ
01:56
"Phew, we're doing good, my kid's getting eight hours,"
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"ํœด, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž๋‹ˆ๊นŒ."
02:00
remember,
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๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:01
eight hours is the minimum recommendation.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:04
You're barely passing.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:06
Eight hours is kind of like getting a C on your report card.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์„ฑ์ ํ‘œ์—์„œ C๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
There are many factors contributing to this epidemic,
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์ด ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ
02:14
but a major factor preventing teens from getting the sleep they need
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ž ์„ ์ž์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
02:18
is actually a matter of public policy.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Not hormones, social lives or Snapchat.
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ, ์Šค๋ƒ…์ฑ—๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
02:27
Across the country,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ
02:28
many schools are starting around 7:30am or earlier,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ค‘๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€
02:33
despite the fact that major medical organizations recommend
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์•„์นจ 8์‹œ 30๋ถ„ ์ดํ›„์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
02:37
that middle and high school start no earlier than 8:30am.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” 7์‹œ 30๋ถ„ ํ˜น์€ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
These early start policies have a direct effect on how much --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ฐ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€
02:47
or really how little sleep American teenagers are getting.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ ์€ ์ž ์„ ์ž๋Š”์ง€์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
They're also pitting teenagers and their parents
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šค๋ฅด๋Š”.
02:56
in a fundamentally unwinnable fight against their own bodies.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹ธ์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ์•„๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
03:01
Around the time of puberty,
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์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
03:03
teenagers experience a delay in their biological clock,
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์–ธ์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๊นจ์–ด์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–ธ์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์กธ๋ฆฐ์ง€๋ฅผ
03:06
which determines when we feel most awake and when we feel most sleepy.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด ์‹œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋Š๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
This is driven in part by a shift in the release of the hormone melatonin.
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉœ๋ผํ† ๋‹Œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋ถ„๋น„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:15
Teenagers' bodies wait to start releasing melatonin until around 11pm,
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฐค 11์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ๋ฉœ๋ผํ† ๋‹Œ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:21
which is two hours later than what we see in adults or younger children.
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋ฅธ๊ณผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
This means that waking a teenager up at 6am is the biological equivalent
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์•„์นจ 6์‹œ์— ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ๊นจ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 4์‹œ์— ์–ด๋ฅธ์„
03:33
of waking an adult up at 4am.
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๊นจ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž‘ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:37
On the unfortunate days when I have to wake up at 4am,
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์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 4์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ๋งŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‚ ์—
03:41
I'm a zombie.
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์ „ ์ข€๋น„์ฃ .
03:42
Functionally useless.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
03:44
I can't think straight,
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๋ถ„๋ณ„๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
03:46
I'm irritable,
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์ž์ฃผ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ณ 
03:47
and I probably shouldn't be driving a car.
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:51
But this is how many American teenagers feel every single school day.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‚ ์—” ๋งค์ผ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋Š๋ผ์ฃ .
03:56
In fact, many of the, shall we say,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
03:59
unpleasant characteristics that we chalk up to being a teenager --
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ข‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”, ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€, ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•จ
04:03
moodiness, irritability, laziness, depression --
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๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด
04:06
could be a product of chronic sleep deprivation.
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๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๋˜์–ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
For many teens battling chronic sleep loss,
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๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ž ๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:13
their go-to strategy to compensate is consuming large quantities of caffeine
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๋งŽ์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๋ฒคํ‹ฐ ํ”„๋ผํ‘ธ์น˜๋…ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ํ™œ๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ•์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:19
in the form of venti frappuccinos,
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๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์„
04:21
or energy drinks and shots.
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์„ญ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
So essentially,
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:25
we've got an entire population of tired but wired youth.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๊ณ  ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๊ณ  ์ทจํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Advocates of sleep-friendly start times know
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ํ›„ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์€
04:37
that adolescence is a period of dramatic brain development,
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ถ”๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ
04:40
particularly in the parts of the brain
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
04:42
that are responsible for those higher order thinking processes,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋Š” ๋‘๋‡Œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
04:46
including reasoning, problem-solving and good judgment.
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๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
In other words, the very type of brain activity that's responsible
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์ž๋…€๋กœ ๋‘”
04:54
for reining in those impulsive and often risky behaviors
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ง„์งœ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ์ถฉ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ 
04:58
that are so characteristic of adolescence
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์ข…์ข… ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๋Š”
05:01
and that are so terrifying to us parents of teenagers.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‘๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
They know that like the rest of us,
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž ์„ ์ž์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
05:08
when teenagers don't get the sleep they need,
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๋‘๋‡Œ์™€ ๋ชธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ 
05:10
their brains, their bodies and behaviors suffer
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์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
05:13
with both immediate and lasting effects.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
They can't concentrate,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
05:18
their attention plummets
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์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
05:20
and many will even show behavioral signs that mimic ADHD.
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์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ํ–‰๋™ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:26
But the consequences of teen sleep loss go well beyond the classroom,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ
05:30
sadly contributing to many of the mental health problems
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์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ
05:34
that skyrocket during adolescence,
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๊ณผ ์ž์‚ด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š”
05:36
including substance use,
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์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜
05:38
depression and suicide.
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์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
In our work with teens from LA Unified School District,
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๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ต์œก๊ตฌ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:45
we found that teens with sleep problems
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€
05:47
were 55 percent more likely to have used alcohol in the past month.
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์ˆ ์„ ์•ฝ 55% ๋” ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
In another study with over 30,000 high school students,
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์‚ผ ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
05:56
they found that for each hour of lost sleep,
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์Šฌํ”” ํ˜น์€ ์ ˆ๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์ •์ด
06:00
there was a 38 percent increase in feeling sad or hopeless,
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38% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‚ด ๊ธฐ๋„๋Š”
06:05
and a 58 percent increase in teen suicide attempts.
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58% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
And if that's not enough,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:12
teens who skip out on sleep are at increased risk
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž ์„ ๋ชป์ž” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ
06:15
for a host of physical health problems that plague our country,
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๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
06:19
including obesity, heart disease and diabetes.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
Then there's the risk of putting a sleep-deprived teen,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ง‰ ์šด์ „๋ฉดํ—ˆ์ฆ์„ ๋”ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด
06:27
with a newly minted driver's license,
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์šด์ „๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์žก์„
06:30
behind the wheel.
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์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
Studies have shown that getting five hours or less of sleep per night
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 5์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์ž ์„ ์ž๊ณ  ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์ 
06:36
is the equivalent of driving with a blood alcohol content above the legal limit.
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์ œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹จ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Advocates of sleep-friendly start times,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ํ›„ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž์™€
06:50
and researchers in this area,
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€
06:52
have produced tremendous science
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๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
06:54
showing the tremendous benefits of later start times.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
The findings are unequivocal,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
and as a sleep scientist,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ
07:02
I rarely get to speak with that kind of certainty.
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์ €๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
Teens from districts with later start times get more sleep.
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๋“ฑ๊ต ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ๋Šฆ์ถฐ์ง„ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ์ž ์„ ๋” ์žก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
To the naysayers who may think that if schools start later,
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ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๋” ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊นจ์–ด ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
07:14
teens will just stay up later,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ก ์ž๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜
07:16
the truth is,
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
07:18
their bedtimes stay the same,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ทจ์นจ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
07:19
but their wake-up times get extended,
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๊ธฐ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋Šฆ์ถฐ์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ
07:22
resulting in more sleep.
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์ž ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
They're more likely to show up for school;
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋” ์ž˜ ์ถœ์„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
07:27
school absences dropped by 25 percent in one district.
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ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์„๋ฅ ์€ 25% ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
And they're less likely to drop out.
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์ค‘ํ‡ดํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ๋„ ์ ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
Not surprisingly, they do better academically.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋„ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
So this has real implications for reducing the achievement gap.
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ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง„์งœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Standardized test scores in math and reading
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์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์‹œํ—˜ ์„ฑ์ ์€
07:45
go up by two to three percentage points.
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2์—์„œ 3% ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
That's as powerful as reducing class sizes by one-third fewer students,
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•™์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ผ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
07:53
or replacing a so-so teacher in the classroom
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ์˜
07:56
with a truly outstanding one.
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์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Their mental and physical health improves,
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์ •์‹ ์  ์œก์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋„ ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ณ 
08:02
and even their families are happier.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๋„ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์ง€์ฃ .
08:05
I mean, who wouldn't enjoy a little more pleasantness from our teens,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ƒ๋ƒฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋œ ์‹ฌ์ˆ ๊ถ‚์€ ๊ฑธ
08:10
and a little less crankiness?
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
08:12
Even their communities are safer
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ถฉ๋Œ์œจ์ด ์ค„์–ด์„œ
08:14
because car crash rates go down --
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋„ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
a 70 percent reduction in one district.
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ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” 70% ์ค„์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:21
Given these tremendous benefits,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด
08:23
you might think,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:25
well, this is a no-brainer, right?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ ์•„๋ƒ?
08:27
So why have we as a society failed to heed this call?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:33
Often the argument against later start times goes something like this:
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๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
"Why should we delay start times for teenagers?
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"์™œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
08:40
We need to toughen them up so they're ready for the real world!"
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๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง„์งœ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ค€๋น„์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
08:44
But that's like saying to the parent of a two-year-old,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‘ ์‚ด ์•„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž‘ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.
08:46
"Don't let Johnny nap,
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"์กฐ๋‹ˆ ๋‚ฎ์ž  ์žฌ์šฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:48
or he won't be ready for kindergarten."
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์œ ์น˜์› ๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”."
08:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:53
Delaying start times also presents many logistical challenges.
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ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:57
Not just for students and their families,
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์ฃ .
09:00
but for communities as a whole.
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
09:02
Updating bus routes,
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๋ฒ„์Šค ๋…ธ์„  ๊ฐœํŽธ
09:04
increased transportation costs,
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๊ตํ†ต๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์šด๋™์—์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ
09:06
impact on sports,
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๋ฐฉ๊ณผ์ „ํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—
09:07
care before or after school.
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
These are the same concerns that come up in district after district,
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
09:14
time and again around the country
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”
09:16
as school start times are debated.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
And they're legitimate concerns,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:22
but these are problems we have to work through.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
They are not valid excuses
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ผ์ธ
09:28
for failing to do the right thing for our children,
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์ค‘๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ 8์‹œ 30๋ถ„ ์ „์—
09:31
which is to start middle and high schools no earlier than 8:30am.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ๋ณ€๋ช…์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:37
And in districts around the country,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ 
09:39
big and small, who have made this change,
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์ „๊ตญ์˜ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€
09:42
they found that these fears are often unfounded
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ
09:45
and far outweighed by the tremendous benefits for student health
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ํ•™์—… ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ด์ ์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ๋ณด๋‹ค
09:50
and performance,
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๋” ํฐ ์ด์ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
09:52
and our collective public safety.
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์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
So tomorrow morning,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด์ผ ์•„์นจ
09:57
when coincidentally we get to set our clocks back by an hour
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋Šฆ์ถ”์–ด
10:03
and you get that delicious extra hour of sleep,
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๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ์ž ์„ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋” ์ž์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
10:09
and the day seems a little longer,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํฌ๋ง์— ์ฐจ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:11
and a little more full of hope,
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์ž ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ
10:14
think about the tremendous power of sleep.
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ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:19
And think about what a gift it would be
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์—
10:21
for our children to be able to wake up naturally,
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๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์„ ๋ฌผ์ธ์ง€์—
10:25
in harmony with their own biology.
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๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:29
Thank you,
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
and pleasant dreams.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฟˆ ๊พธ์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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