Trevor Aaronson: How this FBI strategy is actually creating US-based terrorists

164,978 views ใƒป 2015-06-04

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: David Brayman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:13
The FBI is responsible for more terrorism plots
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ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช ืœื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช (FBI) ืื—ืจืื™ืช
00:15
in the United States
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ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื™ืžื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
00:17
than any other organization.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ.
00:19
More than al Qaeda,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœ-ืงืืขื™ื“ื”,
00:21
more than al Shabaab,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื-ืฉื‘ืื‘,
00:23
more than the Islamic State,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ืกืœืืžื™ืช,
00:24
more than all of them combined.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
00:27
This isn't likely how you think about the FBI.
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ื–ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”FBI.
00:30
You probably think of FBI agents gunning down bad guys like John Dillinger,
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ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืกื•ื›ื ื™ FBI ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ืื—ืจ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’'ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื’'ืจ,
00:34
or arresting corrupt politicians.
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ืื• ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื.
00:37
After the 9/11 terrorist attacks,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ,
00:38
the FBI became less concerned
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ื”FBI ื ืขืฉื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™
00:40
with gangsters and crooked elected officials.
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ื’ื ื’ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื.
00:42
The new target became terrorists,
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื,
00:45
and the pursuit of terrorists has consumed the FBI.
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ื•ื”ืžืจื“ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”FBI ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
00:48
Every year, the Bureau spends 3.3 billion dollars
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” 3.3 ืžืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
00:51
on domestic counterterrorism activities.
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ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
00:54
Compare than to just 2.6 billion dollars combined for organized crime,
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ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœ 2.6 ืžืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืขื™ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืคืฉืข ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ,
00:57
financial fraud, public corruption
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช, ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
00:59
and all other types of traditional criminal activity.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื—ื“.
01:02
I've spent years pouring through the case files
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ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื”
01:04
of terrorism prosecutions in the United States,
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
01:07
and I've come to the conclusion that the FBI
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื”FBI
01:10
is much better at creating terrorists than it is at catching terrorists.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื.
01:15
In the 14 years since 9/11,
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ื‘-14 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ,
01:17
you can count about six real terrorist attacks in the United States.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืฉืฉ ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
01:20
These include the Boston Marathon bombings in 2013,
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ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ 2013
01:23
as well as failed attacks,
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื›ื•ืฉืœื•ืช,
01:25
such as the time when a man named Faisal Shahzad
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืขื ืฉื‘ื” ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื ืคื™ื™ืกืœ ืฉื—ื–ื“
01:27
tried to deliver a car bomb to Times Square.
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ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืชื•ืคืช ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก.
01:30
In those same 14 years,
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ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ 14 ื”ืฉื ื™ื,
01:32
the Bureau, however, has bragged
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ื”FBI ื”ืชืจื‘ืจื‘
01:33
about how it's foiled dozens of terrorism plots.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื ืข ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืžื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
01:36
In all, the FBI has arrested more than 175 people
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ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื”FBI ืขืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-175 ืื ืฉื™ื
01:41
in aggressive, undercover conterterrorism stings.
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ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืขื•ืงืฅ ื—ืฉืื™ื™ื ื•ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
01:44
These operations, which are usually led by an informant,
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ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉืžื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
01:47
provide the means and opportunity,
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ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช,
01:49
and sometimes even the idea,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
01:51
for mentally ill and economically desperate people
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช
01:54
to become what we now term terrorists.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื.
01:58
After 9/11, the FBI was given an edict:
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ, ื”FBI ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื”:
02:00
never again.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขื•ื“.
02:01
Never another attack on American soil.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืงืจื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
02:04
FBI agents were told to find terrorists before they struck.
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ืกื•ื›ื ื™ FBI ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืœื” ื™ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืชืงื•ืฃ.
02:07
To do this, agents recruited a network of more than 15,000 informants nationwide,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช, ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- 15,000 ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
02:12
all looking for anyone who might be dangerous.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
02:15
An informant can earn 100,000 dollars or more
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ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— 100,000 ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:17
for every terrorism case they bring to the FBI.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœ- FBI.
02:20
That's right, the FBI is paying mostly criminals and con men
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”- FBI ืžืฉืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื.
02:24
six figures to spy on communities in the United States,
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ืฉืฉ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื’ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
02:26
but mostly Muslim American communities.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื•ืช.
02:30
These informants nab people like Abu Khalid Abdul-Latif
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ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื• ืชืคืกื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื• ื—ืœื™ื“ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืœ-ืœืื˜ื™ืฃ.
02:33
and Walli Mujahidh.
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ื•- ื•ื•ืืœื™ ืžื•ื’'ื”ื™ื“ื”.
02:35
Both are mentally ill.
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ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ ื ืคืฉ.
02:36
Abdul-Latif had a history of huffing gasoline and attempting suicide.
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ืœืขื‘ื“ื•ืœ-ืœืื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืื™ืคืช ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช.
02:40
Mujahidh had schizoaffective disorder,
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ืœืžื•ื’'ื”ื™ื“ื— ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืจืขื” ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
02:42
he had trouble distinguishing between reality and fantasy.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
02:45
In 2012, the FBI arrested these two men
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ื‘2012, ื”FBI ืขืฆืจื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
02:48
for conspiring to attack a military recruiting station outside Seattle
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ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกื™ืื˜ืœ
02:52
with weapons provided, of course, by the FBI.
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ืขื ื ืฉืงื™ื ืฉืกื•ืคืงื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”FBI.
02:56
The FBI's informant was Robert Childs,
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ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื”FBI ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืฆ'ื™ื™ืœื“ืก,
02:59
a convicted rapist and child molester
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ืื ืก ื•ืคื“ื•ืคื™ืœ ืžื•ืจืฉืข,
03:01
who was paid 90,000 dollars for his work on the case.
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ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 90,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”.
03:04
This isn't an outlier.
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ื–ืืช ืœื ื—ืจื™ื’ื”.
03:05
In 2009, an FBI informant who had fled Pakistan on murder charges
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ื‘2009, ืžื•ื“ื™ืข FBI ืฉื ืžืœื˜ ืžืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ืขืœ ืจืฆื—
03:09
led four men in a plot to bomb synagogues in the Bronx.
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื–ื™ืžื” ืœืคื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื‘ืจื•ื ืงืก (ืจื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง)
03:13
The lead defendant was James Cromitie,
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ื”ื ืืฉื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืงืจื•ืžื“ื™,
03:15
a broke Walmart employee with a history of mental problems.
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื•ืœืžืจื˜ ืขื ื™ ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช.
03:18
And the informant had offered him 250,000 dollars
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ื•ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื• 250 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ
03:21
if he participated in that plot.
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื–ื™ืžื”
03:23
There are many more examples.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
03:26
Today, The Intercept published my new story
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ื”ื™ื•ื, "ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกืคื˜" ืคื™ืจืกื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื™
03:28
about a counterterrorism sting in Tampa involving Sami Osmakac,
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ืขืœ ืžื‘ืฆืข ื ื’ื“ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืžืคื” ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืกืžื™ ืื•ื–ืžืงืฉ
03:32
a young man who was living near Tampa, Florida.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืœื™ื“ ื˜ืžืคื”, ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”.
03:35
Osmakac also had schizoaffective disorder.
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ื’ื ืœืื•ื–ืžืงืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืจืขื” ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
03:37
He too was broke,
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ืฉืฉ,
03:38
and he had no connections to international terrorist groups.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
03:41
Nonetheless,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช,
03:42
an FBI informant gave him a job, handed him money,
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ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”FBI ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ.
03:46
introduced him to an undercover agent posing as a terrorist,
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ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœื• ืกื•ื›ืŸ ืกืžื•ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื–ื” ืœืžื—ื‘ืœ,
03:49
and lured him in a plot to bomb an Irish bar.
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ื•ืคื™ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื–ื™ืžื” ืœืคื•ืฆืฅ ืคืื‘ ืื™ืจื™.
03:52
But here's what's interesting:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ:
03:54
The lead undercover agent --
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ื”ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืกืžื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ--
03:56
you can see him in this picture with his face blurred --
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ืื•ืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื ืคื ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”
03:58
would go back to the Tampa field office with his recording equipment on.
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ื—ื–ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ื˜ืžืคื” ื›ืฉืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืื–ื ื” ืฉืœื• ืคื•ืขืœ.
04:02
Behind closed doors,
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ื•ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื“ืœืชื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช,
04:03
FBI agents admitted that what they were doing was farcical.
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ืกื•ื›ื ื™ FBI ื”ื•ื“ื• ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื•ื—ืš.
04:06
A federal judge doesn't want you to hear about these conversations.
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ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืคื“ืจืืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
04:10
He sealed the transcripts and placed them under a protective order
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืชื ืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื• ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
04:13
in an attempt to prevent someone like me from doing something like this.
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
04:17
Behind closed doors, the lead agent,
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื“ืœืชื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ,
04:19
the squad supervisor,
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ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช,
04:20
described their would-be terrorist
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ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“
04:22
as a "retarded fool who didn't have a pot to piss in."
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ื›- "ืžืคื’ืจ ืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืŸ ื‘ื•"
04:25
They described his terrorist ambitions
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ื”ื ืชื™ืืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื•
04:27
as wishy-washy and a pipe dream scenario.
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ื›ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ื›ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ.
04:30
But that didn't stop the FBI.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขืฆืจ ืืช ื”FBI.
04:32
They provided Sami Osmakac everything he needed.
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ื”ื ืกื™ืคืงื• ืœืกืžื™ ืื•ื–ืžืงืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื•.
04:36
They gave him a car bomb, they gave him an AK-47,
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ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืชื•ืคืช, ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื• AK-47,
04:39
they helped him make a so-called martyrdom video,
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ื”ื ืขื–ืจื• ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื”,
04:42
and they even gave him money for a taxi cab
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ื•ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ืช
04:44
so that he could get to where they wanted him to go.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข.
04:48
As they were working the sting,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข,
04:49
the squad supervisor tells his agents he wanted a Hollywood ending.
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ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืœืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™.
04:54
And he got a Hollywood ending.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœื•.
04:57
When Sami Osmakac attempted to deliver what he thought
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ื›ืฉืกืžื™ ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืงื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘
04:59
was a car bomb,
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ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืชื•ืคืช,
05:00
he was arrested, convicted and sentenced to 40 years in prison.
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ื”ื ืขืฆืจื• ืื•ืชื•, ื”ืจืฉื™ืขื• ื•ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• 40 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื.
05:05
Sami Osmakac isn't alone.
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ืกืžื™ ืื•ื–ืžืงืฉ ืœื ืœื‘ื“.
05:08
He's one of more than 175 so-called terrorists,
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืž175 ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื”,
05:10
for whom the FBI has created Hollywood endings.
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ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื ื”FBI ื™ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ื ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™ื.
05:15
U.S. government officials call this the War on Terror.
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื–ื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
05:18
It's really just theater,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืจืง ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ,
05:20
a national security theater,
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ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™,
05:23
with mentally ill men like Sami Osmakac
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ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉื ื›ืžื• ืกืžื™ ืื•ื–ืžืงืฉ
05:25
unwitting actors in a carefully choreographed production
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ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืจืฆื•ื ื ื‘ื”ืคืงื” ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงืช
05:28
brought to you by the FBI.
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ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”FBI.
05:30
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
05:31
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:41
Tom Rielly: So, those are some pretty strong accusations,
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ื˜ื•ื ืจื™ื™ืœื™: ืืœื• ื”ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช,
05:44
pretty strong charges.
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ืื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื.
05:47
How can you back this up?
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ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš?
05:48
Trevor Aaronson: My research began in 2010
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ื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืจื•ื ืกื•ืŸ: ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘2010
05:50
when I received a grant from the Investigative Reporting Program
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ื›ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืœื’ืช ืžื—ืงืจ "ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื"
05:53
at U.C. Berkeley,
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ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจืงืœื™ ืฉื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
05:54
and a research assistant and I
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ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืื ื™
05:56
put together a database of all terrorism prosecutions
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ
05:58
at the time during the first decade after 9/11.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืื– ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื.
06:01
And we used the court file to find out whether
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง
06:04
the defendants had any connections to international terrorist groups,
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ืื ืœื ืืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื -ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
06:07
whether an informant was used,
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ื‘ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ื™ืข,
06:09
and whether the informant played the role of an agent provocateur
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ื•ื”ืื ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืคืจื•ื‘ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
06:12
by providing the means and opportunity.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืกืคืงืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
06:14
And we submitted that to the FBI
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ื•ื”ื’ืฉื ื• ื–ืืช ืœFBI
06:15
and we asked them to respond to our database.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืžื”ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืžืื’ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
06:18
If they believed there were any errors,
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ืื ื”ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช
06:20
we asked them to tell us what they were and we'd go back and check
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืžื”ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื
06:23
and they never challenged any of our findings.
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
06:25
Later, I used that data in a magazine article
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ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ
06:27
and later in my book,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™,
06:28
and on appearances on places like CBS and NPR,
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ื•ืžื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• CBS(ืชื—ื ืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”) ื•NPR(ืชื—ื ืช ืจื“ื™ื•)
06:31
they were offered that opportunity again
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ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘
06:33
to say, "Trevor Aaronson's findings are wrong."
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ืœื•ืžืจ, "ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจ ืื”ืจื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื".
06:35
And they've never come forward and said,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฆืขื“ื• ื•ืืžืจื•,
06:37
"These are the problems with those findings."
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"ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื"
06:39
So the data has since been used by groups like Human Rights Watch
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ืื– ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืžืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื
06:42
on its recent report on these types of sting operations.
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ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
06:45
And so far, the FBI has never really responded
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ื•ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”FBI ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉ
06:47
to these charges that it's really not catching terrorists
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ืœืื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืฉื”ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื
06:51
so much as it's catching mentally ill people
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ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉื
06:53
that it can dress up as terrorists in these types of sting operations.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื›ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ื”ืขื•ืงืฅ ื”ืœืœื•.
06:57
TR: So The Intercept is that new investigative journalism website,
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ื˜ื•ื : ืื– ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกืคื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืชืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื,
07:01
that's cofounded by Glenn Greenwald.
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ืฉื‘ื”ืงืžืชื• ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื’ืœืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืœื“.
07:03
Tell us about your article and why there.
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ืชืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœืš ื•ืœืžื” ืฉื.
07:06
TA: The Intercept seemed to be the most logical place for this
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ื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจ : ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกืคื˜ ื ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื”
07:09
because my article is really leveraging the fact that
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืžืืžืจ ืฉื ืฉืขืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš
07:12
a source had leaked to me transcripts of these
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ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ืœื™ืฃ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ืœื™ื
07:15
private FBI conversations that a federal judge had sealed
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”FBI ืฉืฉื•ืคื˜ ื—ืชื
07:18
based on the government's claim that their release
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ืชื—ืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื—ืฉื™ืคืชื
07:20
would irreparably damage the U.S. government's
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ืชื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœืืกื˜ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง
07:22
law enforcement strategy.
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ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
07:24
So a place like The Intercept was set up to protect journalists
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ืื– ืžืงื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกืคื˜ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื
07:27
and publish their work
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ื•ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื
07:28
when they're dealing with very sensitive matters like this.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
07:31
So my story in The Intercept, which was just published today,
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ืื– ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกืคื˜, ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ืจืง ื”ื™ื•ื,
07:34
tells the story of how Sami Osmakac was set up in this FBI sting
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ืžื’ืœื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืกืžื™ ืื•ื–ืžืงืฉ ื”ื•ืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื•ืงืฅ ืฉืœ ื”FBI
07:37
and goes into much greater detail.
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ื•ื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื˜ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
07:39
In this talk, I could only highlight the things that they said,
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ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืจืง ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื,
07:42
such as calling him a "retarded fool."
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ื›ืžื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• :ืžืคื’ืจ ืฉื•ื˜ื”" .
07:44
But it was much more elaborate,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื–ื”
07:45
they went to great lengths to put money in Sami Osmakac's hands,
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ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ ืื•ื–ืžืงืฉ,
07:49
which he then used to purchase weapons from the undercover agent.
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ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืงื ื” ื ืฉืง ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืกืžื•ื™.
07:52
When he went to trial,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืžื“ ืœืžืฉืคื˜,
07:53
the central piece of evidence was that he paid for these weapons,
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ื”ืจืื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ืฉืง ื–ื”,
07:56
when in truth, these transcripts show how the FBI orchestrated
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ื›ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื”ืชืžืœื™ืœื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืื™ืš ื”FBI ื’ืจื
07:59
someone who was essentially mentally ill and broke
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ืœืื“ื ื”ืœื•ืงื• ื‘ื ืคืฉื•, ื•ื—ืกืจ ื›ืœ
08:01
to get money to then pay for weapons
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื ืฉืง
08:03
that they could then charge him in a conspiracy for.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืข.
08:06
TR: One final question.
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ื˜ื•ื: ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
08:08
Less than 10 days ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื,
08:10
the FBI arrested some potential ISIS suspects in Brooklyn,
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ื”FBI ืขืฆืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ืขืืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ
08:13
saying that they might be headed to Syria,
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ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”,
08:16
and were those real, or examples of more of the same?
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ืื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ืš?
08:19
TA: Well so far, we only know what's come out in the court file,
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ื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจ: ื‘ื ืชื™ื™ื ,ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜
08:22
but they seem to suggest it's another example of the same.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
08:25
These types of sting operations have moved from flavor to flavor.
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ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ืขื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื ื“ ืœื˜ืจื ื“.
08:28
So initially it was al Qaeda plots,
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ืื– ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœ ืงืืขื™ื“ื”,
08:30
and now the Islamic State is the current flavor.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื ื™ืจืื” ืฉื“ืขืืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.
08:33
What's worth noting about that case is that the three men that were charged
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ืจืื” ืฉืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
08:36
only began the plot to go to Syria
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ืจืง ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”
08:38
after the introduction of the FBI informant,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”FBI,
08:40
and in fact, the FBI informant had helped them with the travel documents
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื
08:44
that they needed.
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
08:45
In kind of a comical turn in that particular case,
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ืชืคื ื™ืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”,
08:47
one of the defendant's mother had found out
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื
08:49
that he was interested in going to Syria and had hid his passport.
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ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
08:53
So it's unclear that even if he had showed up at the airport,
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ืื– ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื”ื•
08:55
that he ever could have gone anywhere.
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ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื“ื” ืชืขื•ืคื”,
08:57
So yes, there are people who might be interested in joining the Islamic State
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ืื– ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื“ืขืืฉ
09:01
in the United States,
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ืžืชื•ืš ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
09:02
and those are people that the United States government should be looking at
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ื•ืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื
09:06
to see if they're interested in violence here.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืขืฉื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
09:08
In this particular case, given the evidence that's so far come out,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆืฆื• ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
09:11
it suggests the FBI made it possible for these guys
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ื–ื” ื ื™ืจืื” ืฉื”FBI ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืœื•
09:13
to move along in a plan to go to Syria
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ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”
09:15
when they were never close to that in the first place.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
09:18
TR: Thanks a lot, that's amazing. TA: Thank you.
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ื˜ื•ื: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื. ื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
09:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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