Shimon Steinberg: Natural pest control ... using bugs!

43,904 views ใƒป 2010-10-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I'm a bug lover, myself --
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ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื—ืจืงื™ื-- ืœื ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ืื’ื‘,
00:17
not from childhood, by the way,
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00:19
but rather late.
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ืืœื ืžื’ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื›ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื–ื•ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘,
00:22
When I bachelored,
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00:23
majoring in zoology at Tel Aviv University,
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00:26
I kind of fell in love with bugs.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื—ืจืงื™ื.
00:28
And then, within zoology,
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื–ื•ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืก, ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื•ืœื’ื™ื”,
00:30
I took the course or the discipline of entomology,
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00:33
the science of insects.
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ื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื.
ื•ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™,
00:36
And then I thought to myself, how can I be practical
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00:39
or help in the science of entomology?
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ืื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื?
00:42
And then I moved to the world of plant protection --
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ื•ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื—--
00:45
plant protection from insects,
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ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื—ืจืงื™ื,
00:48
from bad bugs.
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ืžืคื ื™ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืจืขื™ื.
00:50
And then within plant protection,
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื—,
00:52
I came into the discipline of biological pest control,
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื,
00:56
which we actually define
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ืื•ืชื” ืื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
00:58
as the use of living organisms
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ื›ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื
01:01
to reduce populations of noxious plant pests.
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ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื.
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื—
01:06
So it's a whole discipline in plant protection
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01:09
aimed at the reduction of chemicals.
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ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื.
01:13
And biological pest control, by the way,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจืช ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืื’ื‘,
01:15
or these "good bugs" that we are talking about,
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ืื• ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
01:18
they've existed in the world for thousands and thousands of years,
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ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื–ื” ืืœืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื,
01:22
for a long, long time.
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ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื“.
01:23
But only in the last 120 years,
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ืืš ืจืง ื‘-120 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ,
01:27
people started, or people knew more and more
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ืื• ืœืžื“ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืš ืœื ืฆืœ, ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
01:30
how to exploit, or how to use, this biological control phenomenon,
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ื‘ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
01:35
or in fact, natural control phenomenon,
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ืื• ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช,
01:38
for their own needs.
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ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื.
01:41
Because biological control phenomenon -- you can see it in your backyard.
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ื›ื™ ืืช ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช.
ืงื—ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœืช. ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืืŸ?
01:45
Just take a magnifying glass. You see what I have here?
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ื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ 10. ื›ืŸ. ืคื™ ืขืฉืจ.
01:48
That's a magnifier, times 10.
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ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
01:52
You just open it, twist leaves,
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื,
01:55
and you see a whole new world of minute insects,
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ื•ืžื’ืœื™ื ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื,
01:58
or little spiders of one millimeter, one-and-a-half, two millimeters long,
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ืื• ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 1 ืž"ืž, 1.5 ืื• 2,
02:03
and you can distinguish between the good ones and the bad ones.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืจืขื™ื.
02:06
So this phenomenon of natural control exists literally everywhere.
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
02:11
Here, in front of this building, I'm sure.
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ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง.
ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื.
02:13
Just have a look at the plants.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
02:15
So it's everywhere, and we need to know how to exploit it.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœื ืฆืœ ื–ืืช.
02:19
Well, let's go hand by hand
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ืœืš ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“
02:21
and browse through just a few examples.
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ื•ื ืฆืคื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
02:24
What is a pest?
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ืžื”ื• ืžื–ื™ืง?
02:26
What damage does it actually inflict on the plant?
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ืื™ื–ื” ื ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฆืžื—?
02:29
And what is the natural enemy,
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ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืื•ื™ื‘ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
02:31
the biological control agent, or the "good bug"
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ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื“ื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
ืื• ื”ื—ืจืง ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืขืœื™ื• ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
02:34
that we're talking about?
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02:35
In general, I'm going to talk about insects and spiders,
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ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ื•ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื,
02:40
or mites, let us call them.
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ืฉื ื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื ืืงืจื™ื•ืช.
02:43
Insects, those six-legged organisms
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ื—ืจืงื™ื-- ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ 6 ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื
ื•ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืื• ืืงืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ 8 ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
02:46
and spiders or mites, the eight-legged organisms.
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02:50
Let's have a look at that.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”.
02:51
Here is a devastating pest, a spider mite,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื–ื™ืง, ืžื–ื™ืง ื”ืจืกื ื™, ืืงืจื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื™ื,
02:54
because it does a lot of webbing, like a spider.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจื’ืช ืงื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืืช ื”ืื
02:58
You see the mother in between,
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02:59
and two daughters, probably, on the left and right,
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ื•ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืžืฉืžืืœ ื•ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ,
ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ.
03:02
and a single egg on the right-hand side.
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03:04
And then you see what kind of damage it can inflict.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื’ืจื•ื.
03:06
On your right-hand side, you can see a cucumber leaf,
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืคืคื•ืŸ,
ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข - ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืชื ื”,
03:09
in the middle, a cotton leaf,
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03:10
and on the left, a tomato leaf with these little stipplings.
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ืžืฉืžืืœ - ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืฆื”,
03:13
They can literally turn from green to white,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืžื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืœืœื‘ื ื™ื
03:16
because of the sucking, piercing mouth parts of those spiders.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ืคื™ ื”ืคื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
ืืš ื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืžืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืืงืจื™ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”
03:23
But here comes nature, that provides us with a good spider.
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03:26
This is a predatory mite -- just as small as a spider mite;
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ื–ืืช ืืงืจื™ืช ื˜ื•ืจืคืช-- ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ืžื• ืืงืจื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื™ื, ืื’ื‘,
1-2 ืž"ืž, ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:30
one, two millimeters long, not more than that --
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03:32
running quickly, hunting, chasing the spider mites.
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ืจืฆื” ืžื”ืจ, ืฆื“ื”,
ืžื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืืช ืืงืจื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื™ื.
03:37
And here, you can see this lady in action on your left-hand side --
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”
ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืฉืœื›ื--
03:41
just pierces, sucks the body fluids on the left-hand side of the pest mite.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืงืจืช ื•ืžื•ืฆืฆืช
ืืช ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ.
03:46
And after five minutes, this is what you see:
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ 5 ื“ืงื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื,
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:49
just a typical dead corpse --
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ื’ื•ืคื” ืžืชื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช, ืžืฆื•ืžืงืช ื•ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉืช,
03:51
the shriveled, sucked-out, dead corpse of the spider mite,
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ื’ื•ืคื” ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืืงืจื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื™ื,
03:55
and next to it, two satiated individuals, predatory mites,
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ื•ืœืฆื™ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืืงืจื™ืช ื˜ื•ืจืคืช,
04:00
a mother on the left-hand side, a young nymph on the right-hand side.
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ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ - ื”ืื, ื•ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ - ื ื™ืžืคื” ืฆืขื™ืจื”.
04:03
By the way, a meal for them for 24 hours,
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ืื’ื‘, ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืชืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืŸ ืœ-24 ืฉืขื•ืช
04:06
is about five of the spider mites, of the bad mites,
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ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืงืจื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืืงืจื™ืช ื”ืจืขื”,
ื•/ืื• 15-20 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืืงืจื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช.
04:11
and-or 15 to 20 eggs of the pest mites.
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04:16
By the way, they are always hungry.
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ืื’ื‘, ื”ื˜ื•ืจืคื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืขื‘ื•ืช.
04:18
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:20
And here is another example: aphids.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช: ื›ื ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœื”.
ืื’ื‘, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
04:23
It's springtime now in Israel.
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ื•ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ื•ืช.
04:25
When temperatures rise sharply,
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04:27
you can see those bad ones, those aphids, all over the plants --
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื,
04:30
in your hibiscus, in your lantana,
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ืก, ืขืœ ื”ืœื ื˜ื ื”,
04:33
in the young, fresh foliage of the so-called spring flush.
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ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื•ื•ื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืจืขื ื ื”
ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื•ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
04:37
By the way, with aphids you have only females, like Amazons.
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ืื’ื‘, ืืฆืœ ื”ื›ื ื™ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื ืงื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช.
04:41
Females giving rise to females, giving rise to other females.
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ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื‘ื•ืช.
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื›ืจื™ื.
04:45
No males at all.
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04:46
Parthenogenesis, as it's so called.
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ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” 'ืจื‘ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื'.
04:48
And they're very happy with that, apparently.
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ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืื“ ืžืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื›ืš. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:50
(Laughter)
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04:51
Here we can see the damage.
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง.
04:53
Those aphids secrete a sticky, sugary liquid called honeydew,
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ื›ื ื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืคืจื™ืฉื•ืช
ื ื•ื–ืœ ื“ื‘ื™ืง ื•ืžืชื•ืง ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ื˜ืœ-ื“ื‘ืฉ,
05:00
and this just clogs the upper parts of the plant.
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ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
05:04
Here you see a typical cucumber leaf that turned from green to black
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ื›ืืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืœื” ืžืœืคืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉืฆื‘ืขื• ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžื™ืจื•ืง ืœืฉื—ื•ืจ
05:08
because of a black fungus, sooty mold, which is covering it.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”, ื”ืคื™ื™ื—ืช, ืฉืžื›ืกื” ืื•ืชื•.
05:12
And here comes the salvation, through this parasitic wasp.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆืจืขื” ื”ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
05:18
Here we are not talking about a predator.
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ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืจืฃ,
05:20
Here we are talking a parasite --
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื˜ืคื™ืœ,
05:22
not a two-legged parasite,
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ืœื ื˜ืคื™ืœ ื“ื•-ืจื’ืœื™, ืืœื ื˜ืคื™ืœ ืฉืฉ-ืจื’ืœื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
05:24
but an eight-legged parasite, of course.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:27
This is a parasitic wasp,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฆืจืขื” ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ืช,
05:29
again, two millimeters long, slender, a very quick and sharp flier.
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ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš 2 ืž"ืž, ืฆื ื•ืžื”,
ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืžืื“
ื•ืžืขื•ืคืคืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช.
05:35
And here you can see this parasite in action,
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืคื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”,
05:38
like in an acrobatic maneuver.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ืืงืจื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืงื”.
05:40
She stands vis-ร -vis
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ื”ื™ื ื ืขืžื“ืช ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื
05:42
in front of the victim at the right-hand side,
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ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืžื™ืŸ,
05:44
bending its abdomen and inserting a single egg
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ืžืขืงืœืช ืืช ื‘ื˜ื ื”
ื•ืžื—ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช,
ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช
05:50
into the body fluids of the aphid.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ื™ืžื”.
05:52
By the way, the aphid tries to escape.
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ืื’ื‘, ื”ื›ื ื™ืžื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜.
05:55
She kicks and bites and secretes different liquids,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ืขื˜ืช ื•ื ื•ืฉื›ืช ื•ืžืคืจื™ืฉื” ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
05:59
but nothing will happen, in fact --
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ืืš ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืงืจื”.
06:01
only the egg of the parasitoid will be inserted
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ืคืจื˜ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืช ื”ื˜ืคื™ืœ
ืžื•ื—ื“ืจืช ืืœ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ื™ืžื”.
06:04
into the body fluids of the aphid.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”,
06:07
And after a few days, depending upon temperature,
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06:09
the egg will hatch
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ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื‘ื•ืงืขืช,
06:11
and the larva of this parasite will eat the aphid from the inside.
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ื•ื”ื–ื—ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืคื™ืœ
ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืžื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
06:16
(Laughter)
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
06:17
This is all natural. This is all natural.
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06:19
This is not fiction, nothing at all.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™. ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
06:21
Again -- in your backyard. In your backyard.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง ื•ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:24
(Laughter)
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06:26
(Applause)
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
06:27
But this is the end result: mummies.
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ื–ื• ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
06:34
This is the visual result of a dead aphid encompassing inside,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ืคืข ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืžื” ืžืชื”.
ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืจื‘ื”
06:39
a developing parasitoid that, after a few minutes, you see halfway out.
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ืืช ื”ื˜ืคื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื•
ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
06:45
The birth is almost complete.
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ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื”.
06:47
You can see, by the way, in different movies, etc.,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื’ื‘, ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•'.
06:50
it takes just a few minutes.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืจืš ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช.
06:52
And if this is a female, she'll immediately mate with a male
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ื•ืื ื–ื• ื ืงื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืชื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ืขื ื–ื›ืจ,
ื•ืชืฆื ืœื“ืจื›ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ.
06:56
and off she goes, because time is very short.
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06:58
This female can live only three to four days,
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ื”ื ืงื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืจืง 3-4 ื™ืžื™ื,
07:01
and she needs to give rise to around 400 eggs.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื›-400 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื.
07:05
That means she has 400 bad aphids
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื ืชื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื” ื‘-400 ื›ื ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœื” ืจืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
07:08
to put her eggs into their body fluids.
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ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
07:12
This is, of course, not the end of it.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ื›ืœ.
07:14
There is a whole wealth of other natural enemies
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
07:16
and this is just the last example.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
07:18
Again, we'll start first with the pest:
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืžื–ื™ืง:
07:21
the thrips.
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ื”ื˜ืจื™ืคืก.
07:22
By the way, all these weird names --
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ืื’ื‘, ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”--
07:24
I didn't bother you with the Latin names of these creatures,
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ืœื ืื˜ืจื™ื“ ืืชื›ื ืขื ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืืœื”,
ืจืง ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื.
07:28
just the popular names.
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07:29
But this is a nice, slender, very bad pest.
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ื”ื—ืจืง ื”ื ื—ืžื“ ื•ื”ืฆื ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื™ืง ืจืข ืžืื“.
07:33
If you can see this: sweet peppers.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืคืœืคืœ ืžืชื•ืง.
07:36
This is not just an exotic, ornamental sweet pepper.
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ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืกืชื ืคืœืคืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™,
07:39
This is a sweet pepper which is not consumable
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ืืœื ืคืœืคืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืœืชื™-ืื›ื™ืœ,
07:41
because it is suffering from a viral disease
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืžื—ืœื” ื ื’ื™ืคื™ืช
07:44
transmitted by those thrip adults.
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ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืืœื™ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ื˜ืจื™ืคืกื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:48
And here comes the natural enemy, minute pirate bug --
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
ืคืฉืคืฉ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื•ืก ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ,
07:51
"minute," because it is rather small.
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ื–ืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืงื˜ืŸ.
07:54
Here you can see the adult, black, and two young ones.
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ื›ืืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
07:57
And again, in action.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
07:59
This adult pierces the thrips,
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ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื“ื•ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืคืก,
08:02
sucking it within just several minutes,
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ื™ื•ื ืง ืืช ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื’ื•ืคื• ืชื•ืš ืจื’ืขื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื,
ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื˜ืจืฃ ื”ื‘ื,
08:05
going to the other prey, continuing all over the place.
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ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
08:08
And if we spread those minute pirate bugs, the good ones,
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ื•ืื ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื™ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
08:12
for example, in a sweet pepper plot,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื—ืœืงืช ืคืœืคืœ ื™ืจื•ืง,
08:15
they go to the flowers.
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ื”ื ื™ืขื•ืคื• ืืœ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื.
08:17
And look -- this flower is flooded with predatory bugs, with the good ones,
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ืจืื•, ื”ืคืจื— ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืฃ
ื‘ืคืฉืคืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื, ื‘ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
08:22
after wiping out the bad ones, the thrips.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ืกืœื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื, ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืคืกื™ื.
08:25
So this is a very positive situation.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืžืื“, ืื’ื‘.
08:28
No harm to the developing fruit. No harm to the fruit set.
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ืฉื•ื ื ื–ืง ืœืคืจื™ ื”ืžืชืคืชื—. ืฉื•ื ื ื–ืง ืœื—ื ื˜ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
08:31
Everything is just fine under these circumstances.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
08:35
But again, the question is,
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ืืš ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื,
08:36
here you saw them on a one-to-one basis -- the pest, the natural enemy.
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ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื ื›ืืŸ ืื—ื“-ืขืœ-ืื—ื“--
ื”ืžื–ื™ืง ื•ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
08:41
What we do is actually this.
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
08:44
In Northeast Israel, in Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu,
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ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉื“ื” ืืœื™ื”ื•,
08:48
there is a facility that mass-produces those natural enemies.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืชืงืŸ
ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:52
In other words, what we do there is amplify the natural control,
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ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื,
ืื ื• ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื,
ืื ื• ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช,
08:59
or the biological control phenomenon.
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ืื• ืืช ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
09:01
And in 30,000 square meters of state-of-the-art greenhouses,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 35,000 ืž"ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช,
09:06
there, we are mass-producing those predatory mites,
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ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืืงืจื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจืคื•ืช ืืœื”,
09:09
those minute pirate bugs,
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ืืช ืคืฉืคืฉื™ ืื•ืจื™ื•ืก ืืœื”,
09:11
those parasitic wasps, etc.
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ืืช ื”ืฆืจืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'.
09:14
Many different parts.
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ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
09:15
By the way, they have a very nice landscape --
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ืื’ื‘, ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ืคื” ืžืื“.
09:17
you see the Jordanian Mountains on the one hand,
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ ื™ืจื“ืŸ
09:20
and the Jordan Valley on the other hand,
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ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืช ืขืžืง ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ,
09:22
and a good, mild winter and a nice, hot summer,
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ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืงืœ ื•ื ืขื™ื,
ื•ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื ื—ืžื“ ื•ื—ื,
09:26
which is an excellent condition to mass-produce those creatures.
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ื•ืืœื” ืชื ืื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื
ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืืœื”.
09:30
And by the way, mass-production -- it is not genetic manipulation.
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ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™, ืื’ื‘,
ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
09:34
There are no GMOs -- genetically modified organisms -- whatsoever.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ืฉื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
09:38
We take them from nature,
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ืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
09:40
and the only thing that we do is give them the optimal conditions,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
ื”ื•ื ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืชื ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื,
09:44
under the greenhouses or in the climate rooms,
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ื‘ื—ืžืžื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
09:47
in order to proliferate, multiply and reproduce.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื’ืฉื’ื• ื•ื™ืชืจื‘ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
09:51
And that's what we get.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื.
09:53
You see under a microscope.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค,
09:55
You see in the upper left corner? You see a single predatory mite.
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ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืจื•ืื™ื ืืงืจื™ืช ื˜ื•ืจืคืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช.
09:58
And this is the whole bunch of predatory mites.
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ื•ืœืžื˜ื”, ื–ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืืงืจื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจืคื•ืช.
10:01
You see this ampul. You see this one.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื–ื•? ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื”?
10:04
I have one gram of those predatory mites.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
10:07
One gram is 80,000 individuals.
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ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื™ืœ 80,000 ืคืจื˜ื™ื,
10:11
80,000 individuals are good enough to control one acre,
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80,000 ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ื
ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘-4 ื“ื•ื ื, 4,000 ืž"ืจ,
10:17
4,000 square meters,
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10:19
of a strawberry plot
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ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงืช ืชื•ืชื™ื
ืฉืœ ืืงืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืฉืš ืขื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”,
10:21
against spider mites for the whole season
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10:24
of almost one year.
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ืื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช.
10:26
And we can produce from this, believe you me,
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืืœื”, ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™,
10:29
several dozens of kilograms on an annual basis.
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ื›ืžื” ืชืจื™ืกืจื™ ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”.
10:34
So this is what I call amplification of the phenomenon.
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื›ืš
"ื”ื’ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื”."
10:38
And no, we do not disrupt the balance.
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ื•ืœื, ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ.
10:42
On the contrary,
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ืื“ืจื‘ื,
10:43
because we bring it to every cultural plot
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ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื–ืืช ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ื—ืงืœืื™
10:46
where the balance was already disrupted
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืคืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื,
10:49
by the chemicals.
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10:50
Here we come with those natural enemies
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ืื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืขื ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
10:52
in order to reverse a little bit of the wheel
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ
10:55
and to bring more natural balance to the agricultural plot
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™
ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ืข"ื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื.
10:59
by reducing those chemicals.
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11:01
That's the whole idea.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
11:02
And what is the impact?
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ื•ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”?
11:04
In this table, you can actually see what is an impact
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ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื–ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”
11:07
of a successful biological control by good bugs.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ืจืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
11:11
For example, in Israel, where we employ more than 1,000 hectares --
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื
ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,000 ื”ืงื˜ืจื™ื, 10,000 ื“ื•ื ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื--
11:18
10,000 dunams in Israeli terms --
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจืช ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืคืœืคืœ ืžืชื•ืง
11:21
of biological pests controlling sweet pepper
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11:23
under protection,
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”,
11:25
75 percent of the pesticides were actually reduced.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 75% ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”.
11:28
And Israeli strawberries, even more --
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืชื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ--
11:31
80 percent of the pesticides,
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80% ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื ื—ืกื›ื•,
11:33
especially those aimed against pest mites in strawberries.
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ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืืœื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื ื’ื“ ืืงืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืชื™ื.
11:38
So the impact is very strong.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“.
11:41
And there goes the question,
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ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื”,
11:43
especially if you ask growers, agriculturists:
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื—ืงืœืื™ื:
11:46
Why biological control?
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ืœืฉื ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช?
11:48
Why good bugs?
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ืœืฉื ืžื” ื—ืจืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื?
11:49
By the way, the number of answers you get
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ืื’ื‘, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
11:52
equals the number of people you ask.
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ื–ื”ื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืฉืืœื™ื.
11:56
But if we go, for example, to this place, Southeast Israel,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื‘ื•ื ืœืžืฉืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
ื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
12:00
the Arava area above the Great Rift Valley,
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ื‘ืขืจื‘ื”, ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืกื•ืจื™-ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™,
12:04
where the pearl of Israeli agriculture is located,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื”ืขื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืขื™ื“ื™ืช, ืคื ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช,
12:09
especially under greenhouse conditions, or under screenhouse conditions --
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ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื—ืžืžื” ืื• ืชื—ืช ืจืฉืชื•ืช--
12:13
if you drive all the way to Eilat, you see this
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ืื ืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœืื™ืœืช,
ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
12:15
just in the middle of the desert.
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12:17
And if you zoom in,
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ื ื‘ืฆืข ืชืงืจื™ื‘,
12:19
you can definitely watch this:
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื:
12:21
grandparents with their grandchildren,
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ืกื‘ื™ื ืขื ื ื›ื“ื™ื,
12:23
distributing the natural enemies, the good bugs,
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ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ืืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
12:26
instead of wearing special clothes
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืกื›ื•ืช ื’ื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื–ืจ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื.
12:28
and gas masks and applying chemicals.
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12:31
So safety, with respect to the application,
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื,
12:34
is the number one answer that we get from growers,
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ื–ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืœื”, ืœืฉื ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช?
12:37
for "Why biological control?"
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12:40
Number two, many growers are, in fact, petrified
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœื™ื
12:44
by the idea of resistance,
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ืžืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื— ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื,
12:48
that the pests will become resistant to the chemicals,
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12:52
just like in our case, that bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
12:56
It's the same, and it can happen very quickly.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
13:00
Fortunately, in either biological control or even natural control,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื‘ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช,
13:04
resistance is extremely rare.
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ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:08
It hardly happens.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืงื•ืจื”.
13:09
Because this is evolution, this is the natural ratio,
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ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”,
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
13:13
unlike resistance, which happens in the case of chemicals.
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ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื.
13:17
And thirdly, public demand.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
13:20
The more the public demands the reduction of chemicals,
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ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช--
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืชื‘ืข ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื,
13:25
the more growers become aware of the fact
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ื›ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ืขืจื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื, ื›ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืจืง ื ื™ืชืŸ,
13:29
that they should, wherever they can and wherever possible,
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13:31
replace the chemical control with biological control.
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
13:35
Even here, there is another grower,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืืŸ, ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื ื•ืกืคืช,
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื“ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื,
13:38
you see, very interested in the bugs, the bad ones and the good ones,
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13:41
wearing this magnifier already on her head,
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืœืจืืฉื” ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœืช,
13:44
just walking safely in her crop.
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ื•ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”.
13:47
Finally, I want to get to my vision,
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
13:50
or, in fact, to my dream.
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ืื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื—ืœื•ืžื™.
13:52
Because, you see, this is the reality.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
13:54
Have a look at the gap.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืคืขืจ.
13:56
If we take the overall turnover
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ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ
13:58
of the biocontrol industry worldwide,
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ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
14:01
it's 250 million dollars.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘-250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
14:04
And look at the overall pesticide industry
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ืžื ื’ื“, ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”
14:07
in all the crops throughout the world.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
14:09
I think it's times 100 or something like that.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ืคื™ 100 ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
14:12
Twenty-five billion.
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25 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“.
14:13
So there is a huge gap to bridge.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืคืขืจ ืขืฆื•ื ืœื’ืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื•.
14:17
So actually, how can we do it?
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ืื™ืš ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช?
14:19
How can we bridge, or let's say, narrow, this gap over the years?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื’ืฉืจ ืื• ื ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช?
14:24
First of all, we need to find more robust,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื•ื“
14:27
good and reliable biological solutions,
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ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืžื™ื ื™ื,
14:30
more good bugs that we can either mass-produce
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ืขื•ื“ ื—ืจืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™,
14:35
or actually conserve in the field.
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ืื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื”.
14:38
Secondly, to create even more intensive and strict public demand
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช
ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช
14:42
for the reduction of chemicals in agricultural fresh produce.
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ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื”.
14:46
And thirdly, also to increase awareness by the growers
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื
14:50
to the potential of this industry.
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ืœืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื–ื•.
14:53
And this gap really narrows.
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ื•ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื.
ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“, ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื.
14:56
Step by step, it does narrow.
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14:59
So I think my last slide is:
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ืื– ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื:
ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”:
15:02
All we are saying -- we can actually sing it --
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15:04
Give nature a chance.
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ืชื ื• ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
15:06
I'm saying it on behalf of all the biocontrol practitioners
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื,
15:09
and implementers,
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15:10
in Israel and abroad,
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ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
15:12
really give nature a chance.
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ื‘ืืžืช, "ืชื ื• ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช."
15:14
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:16
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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