Ami Klin: A new way to diagnose autism

22,307 views ใƒป 2015-07-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
0
0
7000
ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I always wanted to become a walking laboratory of social engagement:
1
12000
5341
ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš
ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืžื”ืœื›ืช ืœื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื,
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืงืฃ ื•ืœื”ื“ื”ื“ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
00:18
to resonate other people's feelings, thoughts, intentions, motivations,
2
18313
5370
ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืžื ื™ืขื™ื”ื, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืžื’ืข ืขื™ืžื.
00:23
in the act of being with them.
3
23707
1661
00:26
As a scientist, I always wanted to measure that resonance,
4
26999
4529
ื›ืžื“ืขืŸ, ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
00:32
that sense of the other that happens so quickly,
5
32776
2618
ืืช ืชืคื™ืฉืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ื” ืžื”ืจ,
00:35
in the blink of an eye.
6
35418
1307
ื‘ื”ืจืฃ-ืขื™ืŸ.
00:37
We intuit other people's feelings;
7
37682
2326
ืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืช.
00:40
we know the meaning of their actions even before they happen.
8
40032
3143
ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื.
00:43
We're always in this stance
9
43959
1746
ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื•
00:45
of being the object of somebody else's subjectivity.
10
45729
3082
ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
00:48
We do that all the time. We just can't shake it off.
11
48835
2740
ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ืš.
00:52
It's so important that the very tools we use to understand ourselves,
12
52025
3699
ื–ื” ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืื•ืชื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
00:55
to understand the world around us,
13
55748
1827
ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื, ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื“ื” ื–ื•.
00:57
are shaped by that stance.
14
57599
1606
01:00
We are social to the core.
15
60226
2051
ืื ื• ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ืขืฆื.
01:03
So my journey in autism really started
16
63572
2451
ืžืกืขื™ ืืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื”ื—ืœ ื›ืฉื’ืจืชื™
01:06
when I lived in a residential unit for adults with autism.
17
66047
3606
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืœืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
ืจื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
01:10
Most of those individuals had spent most of their lives
18
70068
3091
01:13
in long-stay hospitals.
19
73183
1485
ื‘ืื™ืฉืคื•ื–ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
01:14
This is a long time ago.
20
74692
1465
01:17
And for them, autism was devastating.
21
77021
3527
ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื, ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจื.
01:21
They had profound intellectual disabilities.
22
81395
2643
ื”ื ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœื™ ืขืžื•ืง.
01:24
They didn't talk.
23
84558
1234
ื”ื ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•. ืืš ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ,
01:26
But most of all,
24
86310
1319
ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื
01:28
they were extraordinarily isolated from the world around them,
25
88217
4929
ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื, ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื
01:33
from their environment
26
93170
1837
ื•ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:35
and from the people.
27
95031
1873
01:37
In fact, at the time, if you walked into a school
28
97392
2827
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื™ืœื• ื ื›ื ืกืชื ืื– ืœื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ
01:40
for individuals with autism,
29
100243
1788
ืœืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืจืขืฉ,
01:42
you'd hear a lot of noise,
30
102055
2313
01:44
plenty of commotion, actions, people doing things.
31
104392
4073
ืžื”ื•ืžื” ืจื‘ื”, ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
01:49
But they're always doing things by themselves.
32
109730
2485
ืืš ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื.
01:53
So they may be looking at a light in the ceiling,
33
113405
3481
ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื•ืจืช ื”ืชืงืจื”,
01:57
or they may be isolated in the corner,
34
117527
2782
ืื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืคื™ื ื”,
02:00
or they might be engaged in these repetitive movements,
35
120936
3535
ืื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช,
02:04
in self-stimulatory movements that led them nowhere.
36
124495
3419
ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ื™-ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื.
02:08
Extremely, extremely isolated.
37
128558
2599
ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื“ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
02:12
Well, now we know that autism is this disruption,
38
132625
5580
ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื
ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืคืจืขื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื”ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
02:18
the disruption of this resonance that I am telling you about.
39
138229
3517
ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื›ื.
02:21
These are survival skills.
40
141770
1934
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช.
02:23
These are survival skills that we inherited
41
143728
2127
ืืœื• ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจืฉื ื•
ืžื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื
02:26
over many, many hundreds of thousands of years of evolution.
42
146638
3381
ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
02:30
You see, babies are born in a state of utter fragility.
43
150845
4668
ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช.
02:36
Without the caregiver, they wouldn't survive,
44
156032
2129
ืœืœื ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื•, ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœื ื™ืฉืจื•ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
02:38
so it stands to reason that nature would endow them
45
158185
2506
ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ืขื ื™ืง ืœื•
02:40
with these mechanisms of survival.
46
160715
1777
ืืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื•.
02:44
They orient to the caregiver.
47
164169
1943
02:46
From the first days and weeks of life,
48
166525
2852
ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื•,
02:49
babies prefer to hear human sounds,
49
169940
2734
ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉ ืžืืฉืจ ืกืชื
02:52
rather than just sounds in the environment.
50
172698
2124
ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
02:54
They prefer to look at people rather than at things,
51
174846
2477
ื”ื•ื ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ื,
02:57
and even as they're looking at people, they look at people's eyes,
52
177347
3341
ื•ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”: ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื,
ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื›ื™
03:01
because the eye is the window to the other person's experiences,
53
181747
4208
ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืœื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช,
03:05
so much so that they even prefer to look at people
54
185979
2458
ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื
03:08
who are looking at them rather than people who are looking away.
55
188461
3239
ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื“ื”.
03:12
Well, they orient to the caregiver.
56
192525
2582
ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืช ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืคืœ.
03:15
The caregiver seeks the baby.
57
195131
1633
ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
03:17
And it's out of this mutually reinforcing choreography
58
197272
3248
ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื“ื“ื™
03:21
that a lot that is of importance to the emergence of mind --
59
201085
3795
ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ,
03:24
the social mind, the social brain -- depends on.
60
204904
3524
ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืš.
03:29
We always think about autism
61
209587
3072
ืื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื
03:32
as something that happens later on in life.
62
212683
4640
ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:37
It doesn't; it begins with the beginning of life.
63
217347
3405
ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืš. ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื—ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:42
As babies engage with caregivers, they soon realize that, well,
64
222901
5595
ื›ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืจื”
ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื•
03:48
there is something between the ears that is very important --
65
228520
4122
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”--
03:52
it's invisible, you can't see it, but it's really critical.
66
232666
3415
ื”ื•ื ืกืžื•ื™, ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•-- ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืžื›ืจืขืช,
03:56
And that thing is called attention.
67
236849
1927
ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื "ืชืฉื•ืžืช-ืœื‘".
03:58
And they learn soon enough,
68
238800
1333
ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœื•ืžื“ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“, ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ
04:00
even before they can utter one word,
69
240157
2588
ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ืžืคื™ื•, ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืชืฉื•ืžืช-ืœื‘ ื–ื•
04:02
that they can take that attention and move somewhere
70
242769
2883
ื•ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืืŸ-ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•.
04:06
in order to get things they want.
71
246273
1798
04:09
They also learn to follow other people's gazes,
72
249555
3100
ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
04:12
because whatever people are looking at is what they are thinking about.
73
252679
3985
ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื
ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
04:18
And soon enough, they start to learn about the meaning of things,
74
258704
3646
ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื
ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•
04:22
because when somebody is looking at something
75
262374
2373
04:24
or somebody is pointing at something,
76
264771
2218
ืื• ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•,
ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœื ืจืง ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ืš ืจืžื– ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™,
04:27
they're not just getting a directional cue.
77
267013
2173
04:29
They are getting the other person's meaning of that thing,
78
269752
3683
ืืœื ื’ื ืงื•ืœื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืชื• ืื“ื
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื–ื”, ืืช ื’ื™ืฉืชื•, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื”,
04:33
the attitude.
79
273459
1210
04:34
And soon enough, they start building this body of meanings,
80
274693
4771
ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช,
04:39
but meanings that were acquired within the realm of social interaction.
81
279488
3852
ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช
ื™ื—ืกื™-ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
04:44
Those are meanings that are acquired
82
284110
1915
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืจื›ืฉื• ื›ื—ืœืง
04:46
as part of their shared experiences with others.
83
286049
2632
ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:50
Well, this is a 15-month-old little girl,
84
290086
5816
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช 15 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
04:57
and she has autism.
85
297512
1647
05:00
And I am coming so close to her that I am maybe two inches from her face,
86
300594
5788
ืื ื™ ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš
ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 5 ืก"ืž ืžืคื ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืชืขืœืžืช ืžืžื ื™.
05:06
and she's quite oblivious to me.
87
306406
1835
05:08
Imagine if I did that to you, came two inches from your face.
88
308265
3428
ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืื™ืœื• ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ืœื›ื
ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืงืจื‘ ื›ื“ื™ 5 ืก"ืž ืžืคืจืฆื•ืคื›ื.
05:11
You'd do probably two things, wouldn't you?
89
311717
2205
ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
05:13
You would recoil. You would call the police.
90
313946
2598
ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื ืจืชืขื™ื, ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื”. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
05:16
(Laughter)
91
316568
1174
05:17
You would do something,
92
317766
1153
ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™
05:18
because it's literally impossible to penetrate somebody's physical space
93
318943
4058
ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.
05:23
and not get that reaction.
94
323025
1403
05:24
We do so, remember, intuitively, effortlessly.
95
324452
3455
ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืœืœื ืžืืžืฅ.
05:27
This is our body wisdom;
96
327931
1165
ื–ืืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•. ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื•
05:29
it's not something mediated by our language.
97
329120
2198
ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉืคื”. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื–ื”,
05:31
Our body just knows that.
98
331342
2431
ื•ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
05:34
And we've known that for a long time.
99
334269
2368
05:36
And this is not something that happens to humans only.
100
336661
2915
ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืจืง ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื.
05:39
It happens to some of our phyletic cousins,
101
339600
3200
ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืืฆืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื•ื“ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
05:42
because if you're a monkey, and you look at another monkey,
102
342824
4066
ื›ื™ ืื ืืชื” ืงื•ืฃ,
ื•ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืงื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ,
05:46
and that monkey has a higher hierarchy position than you,
103
346914
3994
ื•ืื•ืชื• ืงื•ืฃ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืžืš,
05:50
and that is considered to be a signal or threat,
104
350932
3529
ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื,
05:54
well, you are not going to be alive for long.
105
354485
2394
ื•ืืชื” ืœื ืชื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
05:57
So something that in other species are survival mechanisms,
106
357365
4832
ืื– ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืฆืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช,
ืฉื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื, ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช,
06:02
without which they wouldn't basically live,
107
362221
3107
06:05
we bring into the context of human beings,
108
365352
2531
ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื–ืืช ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
06:07
and this is what we need to simply act, socially.
109
367907
3717
ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคืงื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
06:12
Now, she is oblivious to me and I'm so close to her,
110
372180
2769
ืื– ื”ื™ื ืžืชืขืœืžืช ืžืžื ื™, ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื”,
06:14
and you think, maybe she can see you,
111
374973
1974
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, "ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืš,
06:16
maybe she can hear you.
112
376971
1511
ืื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชืš."
06:18
Well, a few minutes later,
113
378506
1622
ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืคื™ื ืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ
06:20
she goes to the corner of the room,
114
380152
1941
ืžื•ืฆืืช ืžืžืชืง ืงื˜ืŸ, ืื-ืื ื“-ืื.
06:22
and she finds a tiny little piece of candy, an M&M.
115
382117
3750
06:26
So I could not attract her attention,
116
386859
4517
ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื”,
06:31
but something -- a thing -- did.
117
391400
1871
ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
06:33
Now, most of us make a big dichotomy
118
393930
2517
ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
06:36
between the world of things and the world of people.
119
396471
2880
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื•ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:40
Now, for this girl, that division line is not so clear,
120
400882
4491
ืืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืงื• ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ ืื™ื ื ื• ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ,
06:45
and the world of people is not attracting her
121
405397
3106
ื•ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืฉืš ืื•ืชื”
06:48
as much as we would like.
122
408527
1459
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
06:50
Now, remember that we learn a great deal by sharing experiences.
123
410010
3687
ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ
ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช.
06:54
What she is doing right now is that her path of learning is diverging,
124
414445
5861
ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื,
ืฉื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื” ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:00
moment by moment,
125
420330
1741
07:02
as she is isolating herself further and further.
126
422095
3220
ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“.
07:05
So we feel sometimes that the brain is deterministic,
127
425913
2942
ืœืขืชื™ื ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™,
07:08
the brain determines who we're going to be.
128
428879
2177
ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ ื ื”ื™ื”.
07:11
But, in fact, the brain also becomes who we are,
129
431429
2788
ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื— ื’ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžื™ ืฉืื ื•.
07:14
and at the same time that her behaviors are taking away
130
434241
3989
ืื– ื‘ื”-ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชื”
07:18
from the realm of social interaction,
131
438254
2162
ืžืชื—ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื’ื
07:20
this is what's happening with her mind,
132
440440
2025
ื‘ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”.
07:22
and this is what's happening with her brain.
133
442489
2416
ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื”
07:27
Well, autism is the most strongly genetic condition
134
447143
5200
07:32
of all developmental disorders.
135
452367
1872
ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืžื•ื—ื™.
07:36
And it's a brain disorder.
136
456461
1658
07:38
It's a disorder that begins much prior to the time
137
458695
3229
ื–ื”ื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“
07:41
that the child is born.
138
461948
1315
ื‘ื• ื ื•ืœื“ ื”ื™ืœื“.
07:44
We now know that there is a very broad spectrum of autism.
139
464217
3981
ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื.
ื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœื™ ืขืžื•ืง,
07:48
There are those individuals who are profoundly intellectually disabled
140
468222
3469
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื.
07:51
but there are those that are gifted.
141
471715
1957
07:53
There are those individuals who don't talk at all;
142
473696
2394
ื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
07:56
there are those individuals who talk too much.
143
476114
2388
ื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื›ืฉืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื
07:58
There are those individuals that if you observe them in their school,
144
478526
3497
ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก, ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืจื•ืฆื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืงืคื™ืช
08:02
you see them running the periphery fence all the school day if you let them,
145
482047
3670
ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•, ืื ื™ื ื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื,
08:05
to those individuals who cannot stop coming to you
146
485741
2361
ื•ืขื“ ืื•ืชื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžืœื‘ื•ื
ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืœื ืœืื•ืช.
08:08
and trying to engage you repeatedly, relentlessly,
147
488126
2853
ืืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื”,
08:11
but often in an awkward fashion,
148
491091
2269
ืœืœื ืื•ืชื” ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
08:14
without that immediate resonance.
149
494232
2657
08:17
Well, this is much more prevalent than we thought at the time.
150
497812
3746
ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืคืขื.
08:21
When I started in this field,
151
501582
1411
ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ
08:23
we thought there were four individuals with autism per 10,000 --
152
503017
3088
ืืจื‘ืขื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขื ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ืœื›ืœ 10,000,
ืžืฆื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:26
a very rare condition.
153
506129
1271
08:27
Well, now we know it's more like one in 100.
154
507861
3654
ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืžืื”.
08:31
There are millions of individuals with autism all around us.
155
511957
3288
ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
08:37
The societal cost of this condition is huge,
156
517216
3253
ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื.
08:40
in the US alone, maybe 35 to 80 billion dollars.
157
520585
2948
ืจืง ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื‘ืขืจืš 35-80 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
08:43
And you know what?
158
523557
1188
ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื•ืคื ื™ื
08:44
Most of those funds are associated with adolescents and particularly adults
159
524769
4637
ืœืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
08:49
who are severely disabled,
160
529430
1751
ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื›ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”,
08:51
individuals who need wraparound services --
161
531205
2161
ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืขื•ืŸ,
08:53
services that are very, very intensive.
162
533390
2256
ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื”
08:55
And those services can cost in excess of 60,000 to 80,000 dollars a year.
163
535670
4086
ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ื ื‘-60 ืขื“ 80 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”.
09:00
Those are individuals who did not benefit from early treatment,
164
540536
3224
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœื ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื,
ื›ื™ ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
09:04
because now we know that autism creates itself
165
544474
4138
09:08
as individuals diverge in that pathway of learning that I mentioned to you.
166
548636
4152
ื›ืฉื”ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืกื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื.
09:13
Were we to be able to identify this condition
167
553200
2573
ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”
09:15
at an earlier point, and intervene and treat --
168
555797
2750
ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ,
09:19
I can tell you, this has been probably something that has changed my life
169
559812
4054
ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื, ื•ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื‘-10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
09:23
in the past 10 years,
170
563890
1296
09:25
this notion that we can absolutely attenuate this condition.
171
565210
4254
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ืš
ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
09:30
Also, we have a window of opportunity,
172
570922
2355
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช,
09:33
because the brain is malleable for just so long,
173
573301
2620
ื›ื™ ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ-ืžื”, ื”ืžื•ื— ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘,
09:36
and that window of opportunity happens in the first three years of life.
174
576437
3513
ื•ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ื ืคืชื—
ื‘-3 ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
09:39
It's not that that window closes; it doesn't.
175
579974
2711
ืœื ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื ืกื’ืจ. ืœื.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
09:43
But it diminishes considerably.
176
583621
2513
09:46
And yet, the median age of diagnosis in this country
177
586899
3098
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช
ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื,
09:50
is still about five years,
178
590021
1912
09:51
and in disadvantaged populations,
179
591957
2095
ื•ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืคื—ื•ืช,
ืืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื”,
09:54
the populations that don't have access to clinical services,
180
594076
3129
09:57
rural populations, minorities,
181
597229
2413
ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื›ืคืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื,
10:00
the age of diagnosis is later still,
182
600338
2709
ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืœื•ืžืจ
10:03
which is almost as if I were to tell you
183
603071
2025
10:05
that we are condemning those communities to have individuals with autism
184
605120
3767
ืฉืื ื• ื“ื ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื
ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืฆื‘ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื—ืžื™ืจ.
10:08
whose condition is going to be more severe.
185
608911
2323
10:12
So I feel that we have a bioethical imperative.
186
612162
2544
ื›ืš ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•-ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช.
10:15
The science is there.
187
615168
1729
ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
10:18
But no science is of relevance
188
618025
2120
ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ืžื“ืข ืื™ื ื• ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื”
10:20
if it doesn't have an impact on the community.
189
620169
2929
ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื“
10:23
And we just can't afford that missed opportunity,
190
623727
2954
ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.
10:26
because children with autism become adults with autism.
191
626705
2945
ื›ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื,
ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ื•, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
10:30
And we feel that those things we can do
192
630412
4004
10:34
for these children, for those families, early on,
193
634440
2378
ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืœื”, ืœืžืขืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื,
10:36
will have lifetime consequences --
194
636842
2177
ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”.
10:39
for the child, for the family, and for the community at large.
195
639043
4008
ืื– ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื.
10:43
So this is our view of autism.
196
643075
2573
ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœ 100 ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื.
10:46
There are over a hundred genes that are associated with autism.
197
646145
3322
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื‘ืจืจ
10:49
In fact, we believe there are going to be
198
649491
1959
ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ 300 ืœ-600 ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื,
10:51
something between 300 and 600 genes associated with autism,
199
651474
3805
10:55
and genetic anomalies, much more than just genes.
200
655303
3303
ื•ื’ื ืื ื•ืžืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืžื•ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืฉืืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
10:59
And we actually have a bit of a question here,
201
659460
3319
11:03
because if there are so many different causes of autism,
202
663644
3285
ื›ื™ ืื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื,
11:06
how do you go from those liabilities to the actual syndrome?
203
666953
4268
ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”
ืœืชืกืžื•ื ืช ืขืฆืžื”? ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
11:11
Because people like myself,
204
671245
1551
ื›ืฉืื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื—ื“ืจ-ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื,
11:13
when we walk into a playroom,
205
673530
2237
11:15
we recognize a child as having autism.
206
675791
2358
ืื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื™ืœื“ ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™.
11:18
So how do you go from multiple causes
207
678835
2228
ืื– ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
ืœืชืกืžื•ื ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช?
11:21
to a syndrome that has some homogeneity?
208
681087
2328
11:24
And the answer is what lies in between,
209
684491
2691
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืข,
11:27
which is development.
210
687753
1432
ื•ื–ื• ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
11:29
And in fact, we are very interested in those first two years of life,
211
689660
4773
ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ
ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื”
11:34
because those liabilities don't necessarily convert into autism.
212
694457
3788
ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื.
11:38
Autism creates itself.
213
698269
1758
ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
11:40
Were we to be able to intervene during those years of life,
214
700812
3845
ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
11:45
we might attenuate for some, and God knows, maybe even prevent for others.
215
705569
5416
ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื›ืš ืืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ืืฆืœ ืื—ื“ื™ื, ื•ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข,
ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ืืฆืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
11:51
So how do we do that?
216
711975
1238
ืื– ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
11:53
How do we enter that feeling of resonance,
217
713837
2892
ืื™ืš ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
11:56
how do we enter another person's being?
218
716753
2794
ืื™ืš ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ?
ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ, ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื ืื•ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช 15 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
12:01
I remember when I interacted with that 15-month-old,
219
721137
3115
12:04
the thing that came to my mind was,
220
724276
2138
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื”,
12:06
"How do you come into her world?
221
726438
2313
"ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื”?
ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™? ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื?"
12:09
Is she thinking about me? Is she thinking about others?"
222
729410
3397
12:13
Well, it's hard to do that,
223
733910
2850
ืงืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
12:16
so we had to create the technologies.
224
736784
2178
ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
12:18
We had to basically step inside a body.
225
738986
2469
12:21
We had to see the world through her eyes.
226
741479
2594
ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ื”.
ื•ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื
12:25
And so in the past many years,
227
745192
2312
12:27
we've been building these new technologies
228
747528
2396
ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
12:29
that are based on eye tracking.
229
749948
1581
12:31
We can see, moment by moment, what children are engaging with.
230
751553
4916
ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจ ืจื’ืข
ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“.
ื–ื”ื• ืขืžื™ืชื™, ื•ื•ืจืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืก, ืฉืื™ืชื•
12:38
This is my colleague, Warren Jones,
231
758046
1764
12:39
with whom we've been building these methods, these studies,
232
759834
3294
ืื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
12:43
for the past 12 years.
233
763152
1329
ื‘-12 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
12:44
And you see there a happy five-month-old,
234
764879
3156
ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื™ืœื“ ืฉืžื— ื‘ืŸ 5 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
ื™ืœื“ ืฉืžื— ื‘ืŸ 5 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื™ื“ ื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
12:48
a five-month little boy who is going to watch things
235
768789
5067
12:53
that are brought from his world:
236
773880
1912
ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื•, ืžืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœืžื•,
12:56
his mom, the caregiver,
237
776596
2233
ืื™ืžื•, ื”ืžื˜ืคืœืช, ืืš ื’ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช
12:58
but also experiences that he would have were he to be in his daycare.
238
778853
4230
ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื.
13:03
What we want is to embrace that world and bring it into our laboratory,
239
783884
3840
ืื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”
ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
13:07
but in order for us to do that,
240
787748
2034
ืืš ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
13:09
we had to create these very sophisticated measures,
241
789806
4255
ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ืฉืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื™ืš ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
13:14
measures of how people, how little babies,
242
794085
3481
13:17
how newborns, engage with the world, moment by moment.
243
797590
4514
ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™-ื™ื•ืžื, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื,
ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจ ืจื’ืข,
ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžื” ืœื.
13:22
What is important and what is not.
244
802128
2285
13:25
Well, we created those measures,
245
805163
2611
ืื– ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื›ืืŸ,
13:27
and here, what you see is what we call a funnel of attention.
246
807798
3361
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืžืฉืคืš ืชืฉื•ืžืช-ืœื‘".
13:31
You're watching a video --
247
811826
1365
ื–ืืช ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ -
13:33
those frames are separated by about a second --
248
813739
2731
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืคืจื™ื“ื” ื›ืฉื ื™ื” ืื—ืช -
13:36
through the eyes of 35 typically developing two-year-olds.
249
816494
3872
ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ 35 ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช,
ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
13:40
And we freeze one frame,
250
820837
2297
ื•ืื ื• ืžืงืคื™ืื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื ืื—ื“,
13:43
and this is what the typical children are doing.
251
823908
3088
ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
13:47
In this scan pass, in green here, are two-year-olds with autism.
252
827020
4417
ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืกื•ืจืง ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง ืืœื” ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื.
13:51
So on that frame, the children who are typical are watching this,
253
831461
5363
ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื™ื
ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื–ื”,
13:58
the emotion of expression of that little boy
254
838039
2525
ื”ื‘ืขืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
14:00
as he's fighting a little bit with the little girl.
255
840588
2726
ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื‘ ืžืขื˜ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื”.
14:03
What are the children with autism doing?
256
843338
2037
ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื?
14:05
They are focusing on the revolving door,
257
845399
3095
ื”ื ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืœืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช,
14:09
opening and shutting.
258
849304
1421
ืฉื ืคืชื—ืช ื•ื ืกื’ืจืช.
14:11
Well, I can tell you that this divergence that you're seeing here
259
851542
3349
ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืกื˜ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
14:14
doesn't happen only in our five-minute experiment.
260
854915
2812
ืœื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช.
14:17
It happens moment by moment in their real lives,
261
857751
2934
ื”ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื,
14:21
and their minds are being formed and their brains are being specialized
262
861820
4233
ื•ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชืขืฆื‘ื•ืช,
ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื”
14:26
in something other than what is happening with their typical peers.
263
866077
4023
ืžืืฉืจ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™-ื’ื™ืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื™ื.
14:30
Well, we took a construct from our pediatrician friends,
264
870807
6519
ืœืงื—ื ื• ืชื‘ื ื™ืช
ืžื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื’ื“ื™ืœื”,
14:37
the concept of growth charts --
265
877350
1519
14:38
you know, when you take a child to the pediatrician,
266
878893
2477
ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื™ืœื“ ืœืจื•ืคื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
ื•ืจื•ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืงืœ.
14:41
and you have physical height and weight.
267
881394
3082
14:45
Well, we decided we were going to create growth charts
268
885066
2934
ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื ื”ืœ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื’ื“ื™ืœื”
ืฉืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
14:48
of social engagement.
269
888024
1301
14:50
We sought children from the time they're born.
270
890354
2768
ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”,
14:53
What you see here on the x-axis
271
893574
3375
ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืื™ืงืก ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืืจื‘ืขื”,
14:56
is two, three, four, five, six months and nine,
272
896973
4185
ื—ืžื™ืฉื”, ืฉื™ืฉื”, ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขืจืš ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 24 ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
15:01
until about the age of 24 months.
273
901182
1763
15:02
This is the percent of their viewing time
274
902969
2771
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื•ื– ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืคื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื
15:05
that they're focusing on people's eyes,
275
905764
1911
ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
15:07
and this is their growth chart.
276
907699
1929
ื•ื–ื• ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื.
ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
15:10
They start over here -- they love people's eyes --
277
910144
2473
15:12
and it remains quite stable.
278
912641
2043
ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
15:15
It sort of goes up a little bit in those initial months.
279
915350
3263
ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
15:19
Now, let's see what's happening with babies who became autistic.
280
919319
3737
ื›ืขืช ื”ื‘ื” ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื.
15:23
It's something very different.
281
923771
1492
ืงื•ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
15:26
It starts way up here, but then it's a free fall.
282
926004
2930
ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืœืžืขืœื”, ืืš ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื–ื• ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช.
15:29
It's very much like they brought into this world the reflex
283
929799
3871
ืžืžืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืจืคืœืงืก
15:33
that orients them to people, but it has no traction.
284
933694
3193
ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช.
15:37
It's almost as if that stimulus -- you --
285
937511
2434
ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืืชื,
15:40
you're not exerting influence on what happens
286
940540
2990
ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ
15:43
as they navigate their daily lives.
287
943554
2354
ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื.
15:47
Now, we thought those data were so powerful, in a way,
288
947236
6760
ื•ืื ื• ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื,
ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
15:54
that we wanted to see what happened in the first six months of life,
289
954686
3250
ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™-ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ
15:57
because if you interact with a two- and a three-month-old,
290
957960
3208
ืขื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
ืชื•ืคืชืขื• ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ื›ื— ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื ืขืฉื• ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
16:01
you'd be surprised by how social those babies are.
291
961192
3250
16:05
And what we see in the first six months of life
292
965513
2857
ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
16:08
is that those two groups can be segregated very easily.
293
968394
4877
16:14
And using these kinds of measures and many others,
294
974159
3117
ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
16:17
what we found out is that our science could, in fact,
295
977300
3653
16:20
identify this condition early on.
296
980977
2224
ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžืื“.
16:23
We didn't have to wait for the behaviors of autism
297
983749
3161
ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช
16:26
to emerge in the second year of life.
298
986934
2079
ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
ืื ื ืžื“ื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช
16:30
If we measured things that are, evolutionarily, highly conserved,
299
990156
4527
ื”ืฉืชืžืจื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื•ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžืื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช,
16:34
and developmentally very early-emerging --
300
994707
2323
16:37
things that are online from the first weeks of life --
301
997054
2677
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื,
16:39
we could push the detection of autism
302
999755
1962
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื
16:41
all the way to those first months,
303
1001741
2528
ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืชื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื,
16:44
and that's what we are doing now.
304
1004293
1984
ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืขืช.
16:48
Now, we can create the very best technologies
305
1008618
3157
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
16:51
and the very best methods to identify the children,
306
1011799
3006
ื•ืืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
ืืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื•ื•ื ืื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื”
16:55
but this would be for naught if we didn't have an impact
307
1015591
2914
16:58
on what happens in their reality in the community.
308
1018529
2680
ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
17:01
Now we want those devices, of course,
309
1021680
2282
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
17:03
to be deployed by those who are in the trenches --
310
1023986
2829
ื™ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช,
17:06
our colleagues, the primary care physicians, who see every child --
311
1026839
4538
ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื•, ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื,
ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื•ื™ืœื“,
17:12
and we need to transform those technologies
312
1032067
2363
ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
17:14
into something that is going to add value to their practice,
313
1034454
3002
ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื,
17:17
because they have to see so many children.
314
1037480
2186
ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš.
17:19
And we want to do that universally so that we don't miss any child.
315
1039690
4077
ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืืฃ ื™ืœื“,
17:23
But this would be immoral
316
1043791
1611
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ืกืจื™
17:26
if we also did not have an infrastructure for intervention, for treatment.
317
1046529
5363
ืื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช,
ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
17:32
We need to be able to work with the families, support the families,
318
1052487
3892
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช,
ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
17:36
to manage those first years with them.
319
1056403
3013
ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ. ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
17:40
We need to be able to really go
320
1060384
2398
17:42
from universal screening to universal access to treatment,
321
1062806
3922
ืžืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ-ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืœ-ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
17:46
because those treatments are going to change
322
1066752
2989
ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช
17:49
these children's and those families' lives.
323
1069765
2865
ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
17:54
Now, when we think about what we [can] do in those first years,
324
1074450
6438
ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
18:00
I can tell you, having been in this field for so long,
325
1080912
4570
ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื,
ืžื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
ืฉื–ื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืจืฅ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
18:06
one feels really rejuvenated.
326
1086077
2376
18:08
There is a sense that the science that one worked on
327
1088832
4722
ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
18:13
can actually have an impact on realities,
328
1093578
2769
18:16
preventing, in fact, those experiences
329
1096371
2980
ืœืžื ื•ืข ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช
18:19
that I really started in my journey in this field.
330
1099972
2744
ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืกืขื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
18:23
I thought at the time that this was an intractable condition.
331
1103343
3410
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื– ืฉื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืคืชื™ืจื”.
18:26
No longer. We can do a great deal of things.
332
1106777
3279
ืœื ืขื•ื“. ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ.
18:30
And the idea is not to cure autism.
333
1110707
2409
ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืœืจืคื ืืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื.
18:33
That's not the idea.
334
1113140
1500
ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
18:35
What we want is to make sure
335
1115791
2074
ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—
18:37
that those individuals with autism can be free
336
1117889
2552
ืฉืื•ืชื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ
18:40
from the devastating consequences that come with it at times,
337
1120465
3615
ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืขืจื•ืช ืฉืžืชืœื•ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืœืคืขืžื™ื,
18:44
the profound intellectual disabilities, the lack of language,
338
1124876
3061
ืžื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืง, ืžื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ืฉืคื”,
18:47
the profound, profound isolation.
339
1127961
2487
ืžื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื›ืœ-ื›ืš.
18:51
We feel that individuals with autism, in fact,
340
1131563
2246
ืœื“ืขืชื ื•, ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื
18:53
have a very special perspective on the world,
341
1133833
2466
ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช-ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
18:56
and we need diversity.
342
1136323
1346
ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื”
18:58
And they can work extremely well in some areas of strength:
343
1138440
3626
ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื—ื•ื–ืงื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื:
19:02
predictable situations, situations that can be defined.
344
1142090
3379
ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื™-ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™, ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ.
19:05
Because after all, they learn about the world
345
1145493
2958
ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื ืžืชื•ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื
19:08
almost, like, about it,
346
1148475
1882
ืžืชื•ืš ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืื™ืš ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ื•.
19:10
rather than learning how to function in it.
347
1150381
2797
19:13
But this is a strength if you're working, for example, in technology.
348
1153202
3999
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื—ื•ื–ืงื”, ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ,
ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
19:18
And there are those individuals who have incredible artistic abilities.
349
1158081
3831
ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
19:21
We want them to be free to do that.
350
1161936
2333
ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉืชื—ืจืจื•.
ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื
19:24
We want that the next generations of individuals with autism
351
1164293
3119
19:27
will be able not only to express their strengths,
352
1167436
3078
ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืจืง ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
19:30
but to fulfill their promise.
353
1170538
1899
ืืœื ื’ื ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ื”ื.
19:32
Well, thank you for listening to me.
354
1172952
1747
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื›ื. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
19:34
(Applause)
355
1174723
1778
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7