Ami Klin: A new way to diagnose autism

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Yanne C 審譯者: Anny Chung

I always wanted to become a walking laboratory of social engagement:

我總是想成為

人際交流的行動實驗室

藉由和別人在一起

to resonate other people's feelings, thoughts, intentions, motivations,

來體會他們的感受、想法、意圖與動機

in the act of being with them.

As a scientist, I always wanted to measure that resonance,

身為科學家，我總希望能度量這種人與人之間

that sense of the other that happens so quickly,

身為科學家，我總希望能度量這種人與人之間

in the blink of an eye.

瞬間即生的共鳴感

We intuit other people's feelings;

我們能自然領會別人的感受

we know the meaning of their actions even before they happen.

甚至在他們行動以前

就知道行動所代表的意義

We're always in this stance

無論何時

of being the object of somebody else's subjectivity.

我們總是某人主觀意識中的客體

We do that all the time. We just can't shake it off.

這是我們無法擺脫的一點

It's so important that the very tools we use to understand ourselves,

這很重要

我們正是仰賴這一點

to understand the world around us,

來學會了解我們自己及周遭的世界

are shaped by that stance.

We are social to the core.

我們完完全全是社會動物

So my journey in autism really started

我對自閉症的了解是從我住進一個

when I lived in a residential unit for adults with autism.

為自閉症患者而設的成人之家中開始的

他們多數都在醫院裡度過大部分的人生

Most of those individuals had spent most of their lives

in long-stay hospitals.

這是很久以前的事了

This is a long time ago.

And for them, autism was devastating.

對他們來說，自閉症是場災難

They had profound intellectual disabilities.

他們有嚴重的智力障礙、不說話

They didn't talk.

更糟的是

But most of all,

他們極度封閉在自己的世界裡

they were extraordinarily isolated from the world around them,

與周遭的環境隔絕

from their environment

與他人隔絕

and from the people.

In fact, at the time, if you walked into a school

如果你走進一所當時的自閉症特教學校

for individuals with autism,

事實上你會聽到很多聲音

you'd hear a lot of noise,

plenty of commotion, actions, people doing things.

喧鬧聲、人們做各種事情的聲音

But they're always doing things by themselves.

但他們總是各自做自己的事

So they may be looking at a light in the ceiling,

可能在看天花板上的燈

or they may be isolated in the corner,

可能獨自待在角落

or they might be engaged in these repetitive movements,

或反覆做一些無意義的動作

in self-stimulatory movements that led them nowhere.

來達到自我刺激的目的

Extremely, extremely isolated.

極度地封閉在自己的世界裡

Well, now we know that autism is this disruption,

如今我們知道

是自閉症使他們無法

the disruption of this resonance that I am telling you about.

與他人產生共鳴感

These are survival skills.

但這是生存本能

These are survival skills that we inherited

是經由數十萬年的演化

所傳承下來的生存本能

over many, many hundreds of thousands of years of evolution.

所傳承下來的生存本能

You see, babies are born in a state of utter fragility.

你們都知道，新生兒是全然無助的

Without the caregiver, they wouldn't survive,

沒有人照顧便不能生存

so it stands to reason that nature would endow them

所以大自然賦予他們

with these mechanisms of survival.

這些生存的機制

他們會追尋照顧他們的人

They orient to the caregiver.

From the first days and weeks of life,

從出生後的幾天到幾周內

babies prefer to hear human sounds,

嬰兒就偏好人聲

rather than just sounds in the environment.

而不是周遭的其他聲音

They prefer to look at people rather than at things,

他們偏好看著人而不是其他東西

and even as they're looking at people, they look at people's eyes,

當他們對著人看時

他們甚至會盯著人的眼睛看

because the eye is the window to the other person's experiences,

因為眼睛是通往他人經驗的途徑

so much so that they even prefer to look at people

所以他們甚至會偏好盯著正在看他們的人

who are looking at them rather than people who are looking away.

而不是看著旁邊的人

Well, they orient to the caregiver.

他們追尋照顧他們的人

The caregiver seeks the baby.

照顧者則追尋著嬰兒

And it's out of this mutually reinforcing choreography

人的心智，尤其是社會性的心智

that a lot that is of importance to the emergence of mind --

就是在這如舞步般的過程中

the social mind, the social brain -- depends on.

一來一往、逐漸成形

We always think about autism

我們總以為自閉症

as something that happens later on in life.

是出生成長後逐漸形成的

It doesn't; it begins with the beginning of life.

不是這樣的。它在出生時就發生了

As babies engage with caregivers, they soon realize that, well,

當嬰兒接觸到照顧他們的人

他們很快就理解到，在兩耳間

there is something between the ears that is very important --

有些非常重要的東西

it's invisible, you can't see it, but it's really critical.

那是看不到、但非常重要的東西─

And that thing is called attention.

就是別人對他們的關注

And they learn soon enough,

在能夠開口說話前

even before they can utter one word,

他們就先學會藉由吸引別人的注意

that they can take that attention and move somewhere

來得到自己想要的

in order to get things they want.

They also learn to follow other people's gazes,

他們也學會跟隨別人的目光

because whatever people are looking at is what they are thinking about.

因為別人目光所及

就是他們心中所想

And soon enough, they start to learn about the meaning of things,

很快地，他們就開始學習事物的意義

因為當某人看著一樣東西

because when somebody is looking at something

or somebody is pointing at something,

或是指著一樣東西

那並不只代表了一個方向

they're not just getting a directional cue.

They are getting the other person's meaning of that thing,

也代表了這樣東西對這個人的意義

這個人對這樣東西的看法

the attitude.

And soon enough, they start building this body of meanings,

他們開始架構事物的意義

but meanings that were acquired within the realm of social interaction.

那些他們在跟別人互動的過程中

所學習到的意義

Those are meanings that are acquired

這些都是從與他人共享的經驗中

as part of their shared experiences with others.

所學習到的

Well, this is a 15-month-old little girl,

這是一個十五個月大

患有自閉症的小女孩

and she has autism.

And I am coming so close to her that I am maybe two inches from her face,

我已經靠近到離她的臉只有五公分

她卻完全無視於我

and she's quite oblivious to me.

Imagine if I did that to you, came two inches from your face.

想像一下我對你做同樣的事

我向你靠近到離你的臉只有五公分

You'd do probably two things, wouldn't you?

你可能會有兩個反應

You would recoil. You would call the police.

你會向後退、或是叫警察（笑聲）

(Laughter)

You would do something,

你一定會做點什麼

because it's literally impossible to penetrate somebody's physical space

因為侵犯到某人的空間而不引起任何反應

實在是不太可能的事

and not get that reaction.

We do so, remember, intuitively, effortlessly.

記住，這是我們不加思索的直覺反應

This is our body wisdom;

是我們身體自然的判斷

it's not something mediated by our language.

不需要言語作為媒介

Our body just knows that.

我們的身體本來就知道該這樣做

And we've known that for a long time.

And this is not something that happens to humans only.

而這並不是人類獨有的

It happens to some of our phyletic cousins,

我們在演化上的遠親也是如此

because if you're a monkey, and you look at another monkey,

因為如果你是隻猴子

你這樣看著另一隻地位比你高的猴子

and that monkey has a higher hierarchy position than you,

你這樣看著另一隻地位比你高的猴子

and that is considered to be a signal or threat,

而你的舉動被認為是一種暗示或威脅

well, you are not going to be alive for long.

你就活不久了

So something that in other species are survival mechanisms,

這對其他物種來說

是不可或缺的生存本能

without which they wouldn't basically live,

we bring into the context of human beings,

對人類而言

and this is what we need to simply act, socially.

則是產生人際互動的基本條件

Now, she is oblivious to me and I'm so close to her,

好，我離她這麼近她還是無視於我

and you think, maybe she can see you,

你們可能會想

maybe she can hear you.

她也許看得見或聽得見我

Well, a few minutes later,

幾分鐘後她到房間的角落去了

she goes to the corner of the room,

找到一小顆M&M's巧克力

and she finds a tiny little piece of candy, an M&M.

So I could not attract her attention,

所以我不能吸引她的注意

but something -- a thing -- did.

但是某樣東西卻可以

Now, most of us make a big dichotomy

好，我們多數人會用二分法來看這世界─

between the world of things and the world of people.

物品的世界、人的世界

Now, for this girl, that division line is not so clear,

但對這女孩來說，人與物的分別

and the world of people is not attracting her

不是那麼清楚，而人的世界

as much as we would like.

並不像我們所想的那樣吸引她

Now, remember that we learn a great deal by sharing experiences.

要記住

我們很多的學習都是從經驗分享而來

What she is doing right now is that her path of learning is diverging,

現在在她身上發生的事是

她的學習隨著她越來越封閉自己

moment by moment,

as she is isolating herself further and further.

而逐漸走上不同的道路

So we feel sometimes that the brain is deterministic,

所以有時候我們會覺得

the brain determines who we're going to be.

大腦決定了我們會成為怎樣的人

But, in fact, the brain also becomes who we are,

但事實上我們也會影響大腦的發展

and at the same time that her behaviors are taking away

所以當她跟別人的互動越來越少

from the realm of social interaction,

在此同時

this is what's happening with her mind,

這對她的心智及大腦都造成影響

and this is what's happening with her brain.

自閉症是所有發展障礙中

Well, autism is the most strongly genetic condition

of all developmental disorders.

與基因關聯最強的一種

它是一種腦部疾病

And it's a brain disorder.

It's a disorder that begins much prior to the time

是一種早在出生前就發生的疾病

that the child is born.

是一種早在出生前就發生的疾病

We now know that there is a very broad spectrum of autism.

我們現在知道了

自閉症會以很多不同樣貌顯現

There are those individuals who are profoundly intellectually disabled

有些人有嚴重的智力障礙

but there are those that are gifted.

There are those individuals who don't talk at all;

有些人則是有特殊的天份

有些人完全不說話，有些人卻說個不停

there are those individuals who talk too much.

如果你到他們的學校去

There are those individuals that if you observe them in their school,

你可能會看到有些人若未經制止

you see them running the periphery fence all the school day if you let them,

會繞著學校的圍籬跑個不停

to those individuals who cannot stop coming to you

有些人則會不斷試圖引起你的注意

有些人則會不斷試圖引起你的注意

and trying to engage you repeatedly, relentlessly,

但他們使用的方式通常讓人感到不舒服

but often in an awkward fashion,

也無法引起別人共鳴

without that immediate resonance.

Well, this is much more prevalent than we thought at the time.

這種狀況遠比我們當初想的要普遍

When I started in this field,

當我剛踏入這個領域時

we thought there were four individuals with autism per 10,000 --

我們認為每一萬人中約有四人患有自閉症

算是一種很罕見的疾病

a very rare condition.

Well, now we know it's more like one in 100.

現在我們知道大約每百人中就有一個

There are millions of individuals with autism all around us.

我們周遭有幾百萬的人患有自閉症

The societal cost of this condition is huge,

這種疾病的社會成本很大

in the US alone, maybe 35 to 80 billion dollars.

只在美國，也許就要花上350億到800億美金

And you know what?

而你們知道嗎？

Most of those funds are associated with adolescents and particularly adults

絕大多數的經費都被用在

who are severely disabled,

青少年及有嚴重障礙的成人身上

individuals who need wraparound services --

他們需要非常密集的全方位服務

services that are very, very intensive.

他們需要非常密集的全方位服務

And those services can cost in excess of 60,000 to 80,000 dollars a year.

每年就需要六到八萬美金以上的費用

Those are individuals who did not benefit from early treatment,

這些都是未從早期療育獲益的人

因為我們現在知道，當他們的學習

because now we know that autism creates itself

as individuals diverge in that pathway of learning that I mentioned to you.

像我之前說的那樣走上另一條路時

自閉症的狀況就會越加惡化

Were we to be able to identify this condition

如果我們能做到早期發現

at an earlier point, and intervene and treat --

並且在早期就介入治療

I can tell you, this has been probably something that has changed my life

我告訴你們

我們絕對可以減輕自閉症的症狀

in the past 10 years,

this notion that we can absolutely attenuate this condition.

這個想法在過去十年裡

改變了我的人生

Also, we have a window of opportunity,

但我們只有一小段時間可以採取行動

because the brain is malleable for just so long,

因為大腦只在那一段時間裡有可塑性

and that window of opportunity happens in the first three years of life.

這段寶貴的時間是在三歲以前

這段寶貴的時間是在三歲以前

It's not that that window closes; it doesn't.

並不是說在那之後就完全沒有機會了

但是機會確實大大降低

But it diminishes considerably.

And yet, the median age of diagnosis in this country

目前在美國自閉症得到確診的平均年齡

一般還是在五歲

is still about five years,

and in disadvantaged populations,

對於那些得不到臨床服務

住在偏遠地區或

the populations that don't have access to clinical services,

rural populations, minorities,

身為少數族裔的弱勢族群來說

the age of diagnosis is later still,

確診的年齡還要更晚

這幾乎像是我們對這些族群宣告

which is almost as if I were to tell you

that we are condemning those communities to have individuals with autism

他們的自閉症患者

注定要陷入越來越嚴重的狀況

whose condition is going to be more severe.

So I feel that we have a bioethical imperative.

就醫學倫理而言，我們有不可推卸的責任

The science is there.

我們已經有這些科學知識

But no science is of relevance

但如果它們不能為社會所用

if it doesn't have an impact on the community.

它們就沒有多大用處

And we just can't afford that missed opportunity,

而我們不能失去這樣的機會

because children with autism become adults with autism.

因為患有自閉症的兒童會長大成人

我們如果能夠及早盡我們所能

And we feel that those things we can do

for these children, for those families, early on,

為他們及他們的家庭做點事

will have lifetime consequences --

對這些家庭或整個社會來說

都會有長遠的影響

for the child, for the family, and for the community at large.

這就是我們對自閉症的看法

So this is our view of autism.

跟自閉症有關的基因有上百個

There are over a hundred genes that are associated with autism.

事實上我們相信

In fact, we believe there are going to be

可能有300到600個基因或基因異常

something between 300 and 600 genes associated with autism,

and genetic anomalies, much more than just genes.

與自閉症有關

問題來了

And we actually have a bit of a question here,

because if there are so many different causes of autism,

這麼多不同的不利因素

how do you go from those liabilities to the actual syndrome?

到底是怎樣發展成自閉症的呢？

因為當人們─　好比我自己

Because people like myself,

走入一間遊戲室時

when we walk into a playroom,

we recognize a child as having autism.

我們可以分辨出一個孩子是不是有自閉症

So how do you go from multiple causes

到底為什麼這麼多不同成因

最後會導致這麼相似的症狀呢？

to a syndrome that has some homogeneity?

And the answer is what lies in between,

原來答案在成因與呈現的症狀之間:

which is development.

也就是孩子的發育

And in fact, we are very interested in those first two years of life,

事實上，我們對兩歲之前這段時間非常有興趣

因為這些不利因素並不必然發展成自閉症

because those liabilities don't necessarily convert into autism.

因為這些不利因素並不必然發展成自閉症

Autism creates itself.

自閉症是自行形成

Were we to be able to intervene during those years of life,

如果我們能在兩歲之前就介入

we might attenuate for some, and God knows, maybe even prevent for others.

我們也許可以減輕一些孩子的症狀

誰知道，我們說不定甚至可以預防它的發生

So how do we do that?

但我們要怎麼做呢？

How do we enter that feeling of resonance,

我們要怎麼創造共鳴感？

how do we enter another person's being?

又要怎麼進入另一個人的世界呢？

我記得在我跟那十五個月大的女孩互動時

I remember when I interacted with that 15-month-old,

the thing that came to my mind was,

我心裡在想

"How do you come into her world?

「要怎麼進入她的世界呢？」

「她在想著我嗎？還是想著別人？」

Is she thinking about me? Is she thinking about others?"

Well, it's hard to do that,

嗯，這有點難做到

so we had to create the technologies.

所以我們必須創造這樣的技術

We had to basically step inside a body.

We had to see the world through her eyes.

好透過她的眼睛來看這個世界

所以過去幾年中我們都在發展

And so in the past many years,

we've been building these new technologies

這種以眼球追蹤為基礎的新技術

that are based on eye tracking.

We can see, moment by moment, what children are engaging with.

我們可以每時每刻地看到

什麼吸引了孩子的注意

這是我同事瓦倫 ‧ 瓊斯

This is my colleague, Warren Jones,

with whom we've been building these methods, these studies,

在過去十二年中

for the past 12 years.

我們一起做研究、發展這些方法

And you see there a happy five-month-old,

這是一個快樂的男孩

五個月大

a five-month little boy who is going to watch things

that are brought from his world:

正要用眼睛去探索這個世界

his mom, the caregiver,

看看他媽媽、照顧他的人

but also experiences that he would have were he to be in his daycare.

還有其他在托兒所裡可能看見的事物

What we want is to embrace that world and bring it into our laboratory,

我們想要做的是把他所經驗到的世界

帶進我們的實驗室

but in order for us to do that,

但要做到這點

we had to create these very sophisticated measures,

我們必須要能夠精密地測量

人們以及嬰幼兒

measures of how people, how little babies,

how newborns, engage with the world, moment by moment.

在每時每刻中是怎樣與這個世界互動

什麼對他們來說是重要的

什麼又是不重要的

What is important and what is not.

Well, we created those measures,

我們發展出了一些評量方法

and here, what you see is what we call a funnel of attention.

這裡看到的是注意力的漏斗模型

You're watching a video --

你們看到的是一段影片的紀錄

those frames are separated by about a second --

每個影像的間距大概是一秒鐘

through the eyes of 35 typically developing two-year-olds.

這是35個正常發展的兩歲幼兒

眼中所看到的世界

And we freeze one frame,

我們現在停在其中一刻

and this is what the typical children are doing.

這是正常發展的兩歲幼兒在做的事

In this scan pass, in green here, are two-year-olds with autism.

綠色的這些則是有自閉症的孩子做的事

So on that frame, the children who are typical are watching this,

所以在那一刻

正常的孩子在看這個

the emotion of expression of that little boy

一個小男孩在跟一個小女孩吵架

as he's fighting a little bit with the little girl.

所表現出的情緒反應

What are the children with autism doing?

有自閉症的孩子又在做些什麼呢？

They are focusing on the revolving door,

他們專心地看著旋轉門開開關關

opening and shutting.

他們專心地看著旋轉門開開關關

Well, I can tell you that this divergence that you're seeing here

我可以告訴你們

你們所看到的這些差異

doesn't happen only in our five-minute experiment.

並不只發生在我們進行實驗的五分鐘裡

It happens moment by moment in their real lives,

他們真實生活裡的每時每刻都是這樣的

and their minds are being formed and their brains are being specialized

而他們的心智隨之成形

他們的大腦也以

in something other than what is happening with their typical peers.

與其他孩子不同的方式成長

Well, we took a construct from our pediatrician friends,

我們從當小兒科醫生的朋友處

我們從當小兒科醫生的朋友處

借用了生長曲線圖的概念

the concept of growth charts --

you know, when you take a child to the pediatrician,

當你帶小孩去看小兒科醫生時

你可以由此得知他的身高體重

and you have physical height and weight.

Well, we decided we were going to create growth charts

所以我們決定要做出

社交發展的曲線圖來

of social engagement.

We sought children from the time they're born.

我們徵求新生兒來參與研究

What you see here on the x-axis

在這X軸上是以月來看

is two, three, four, five, six months and nine,

從兩個月到24個月

until about the age of 24 months.

This is the percent of their viewing time

這是他們盯著人眼看的時間百分比

that they're focusing on people's eyes,

這是他們盯著人眼看的時間百分比

and this is their growth chart.

這就是他們的發展曲線圖

他們一開始就喜歡看著別人的眼睛

They start over here -- they love people's eyes --

and it remains quite stable.

這點一直沒有改變

It sort of goes up a little bit in those initial months.

在最初的幾個月中它還上升了一點

Now, let's see what's happening with babies who became autistic.

現在讓我們看看

後來被診斷出自閉症的孩子的發展曲線

It's something very different.

它看起來就很不一樣了

It starts way up here, but then it's a free fall.

它一開始在上面這邊，再來就一直下降

It's very much like they brought into this world the reflex

就像他們生來具有追尋他人的本能

that orients them to people, but it has no traction.

但這本能無法持續下去

It's almost as if that stimulus -- you --

這幾乎像是「你」作為一個外界刺激

you're not exerting influence on what happens

在他們探索日常生活的過程中

as they navigate their daily lives.

無足輕重

Now, we thought those data were so powerful, in a way,

這些資料讓我們很想看看

出生後六個月的期間發生了什麼事

that we wanted to see what happened in the first six months of life,

因為如果你試著跟兩、三個月大的嬰兒互動

because if you interact with a two- and a three-month-old,

因為如果你試著跟兩、三個月大的嬰兒互動

你會訝異他們是多麼善於與人接觸

you'd be surprised by how social those babies are.

And what we see in the first six months of life

我們在這頭六個月中所看到的是

這兩組嬰兒有非常明顯的分別

is that those two groups can be segregated very easily.

And using these kinds of measures and many others,

運用這些或者其他各類的測量方法

我們發現現代科學事實上可以做到

what we found out is that our science could, in fact,

identify this condition early on.

早期發現這些狀況

We didn't have to wait for the behaviors of autism

我們不用等到兩歲來看

to emerge in the second year of life.

自閉症的行為是否出現

如果我們測量那些演化上保存下來的

If we measured things that are, evolutionarily, highly conserved,

在早期發展就會出現的東西

and developmentally very early-emerging --

things that are online from the first weeks of life --

那些在出生後頭幾周就應該發生的事

we could push the detection of autism

我們就能把診斷自閉症的時間

all the way to those first months,

提早到出生後頭幾個月

and that's what we are doing now.

這就是我們現在在做的

Now, we can create the very best technologies

是的，我們可以發展出最好的科技

and the very best methods to identify the children,

最好的方法來找出這些孩子

但如果我們不能改變他們所處的現實環境

but this would be for naught if we didn't have an impact

on what happens in their reality in the community.

這些都是徒勞無功

Now we want those devices, of course,

當然我們會希望這些工具

to be deployed by those who are in the trenches --

能被送到那些第一線工作人員的手中

our colleagues, the primary care physicians, who see every child --

我們的同業

還有那些負責替孩子們看診的醫生

and we need to transform those technologies

我們必須要把這些科技轉變成

into something that is going to add value to their practice,

能在實務上發揮價值的東西

because they have to see so many children.

因為他們必須面對很多的孩子

And we want to do that universally so that we don't miss any child.

我們希望把它變成一個普遍性的措施

不要漏失任何一個孩子

But this would be immoral

但如果我們沒有介入及治療的配套措施

if we also did not have an infrastructure for intervention, for treatment.

但如果我們沒有介入及治療的配套措施

這就會是不道德的

We need to be able to work with the families, support the families,

我們必須要和這些家庭一起合作

去支持他們度過頭幾年的時間

to manage those first years with them.

我們必須從普遍性的篩選

We need to be able to really go

from universal screening to universal access to treatment,

做到普遍性的治療

because those treatments are going to change

因為這些治療將會改變這些孩子

these children's and those families' lives.

以及他們家人的人生

一想到在這生命的頭幾年中

Now, when we think about what we [can] do in those first years,

我們能夠做些什麼

I can tell you, having been in this field for so long,

我告訴你

即使在這領域工作了這麼久

我還是感到充滿了幹勁

one feels really rejuvenated.

There is a sense that the science that one worked on

覺得我所鑽研的科學

能夠真正有所貢獻

can actually have an impact on realities,

preventing, in fact, those experiences

讓其他人不會再有

that I really started in my journey in this field.

我初踏入這領域時的那種經驗

I thought at the time that this was an intractable condition.

那時我以為這是沒法治療的症狀

No longer. We can do a great deal of things.

不再是這樣了，我們有很多事可以做

And the idea is not to cure autism.

但重點並不在治癒自閉症

That's not the idea.

不是的

What we want is to make sure

我們是想讓那些患有自閉症的人

that those individuals with autism can be free

可以不必承受它的嚴重後果─

from the devastating consequences that come with it at times,

可以不必承受它的嚴重後果─

the profound intellectual disabilities, the lack of language,

嚴重的智力障礙、語言發展的缺乏

the profound, profound isolation.

以及全然地封閉

We feel that individuals with autism, in fact,

我們認為自閉症患者

have a very special perspective on the world,

事實上擁有很特別的世界觀

and we need diversity.

我們的社會需要多元性

And they can work extremely well in some areas of strength:

而他們可以在穩定、明確的狀況下

predictable situations, situations that can be defined.

發揮他們的長處

Because after all, they learn about the world

畢竟他們專注於了解世界本來的面貌

almost, like, about it,

而不是學習如何生活其中

rather than learning how to function in it.

But this is a strength if you're working, for example, in technology.

如果你在科技業工作

這就是項長處

And there are those individuals who have incredible artistic abilities.

另外還有一些人

他們擁有非凡的藝術才能

We want them to be free to do that.

我們希望他們可以不受自閉症所限

我們想讓未來的自閉症患者

We want that the next generations of individuals with autism

will be able not only to express their strengths,

不但可以發揮他們的長處

but to fulfill their promise.

也可以達成他們的夢想

Well, thank you for listening to me.

謝謝你們來聽我的演講（掌聲）

(Applause)