Daniel Kraft: Medicine's future? There's an app for that

62,560 views ใƒป 2011-06-13

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Oren Szekatch ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื
00:16
A couple of years ago,
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00:17
when I was attending the TED conference in Long Beach,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื—ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ TED ื‘ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ',
ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืจื™ื™ื˜.
00:20
I met Harriet.
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00:21
We'd actually met online before -- not the way you're thinking.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉืช --
ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.
00:25
We were introduced because we both knew Linda Avey,
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ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• ื”ื›ืจื ื• ืืช ืœื™ื ื“ื” ืื•ื•ื™,
00:27
one of the founders of the first online personal genomic companies.
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ืžื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื ื•ืžื™ืงื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช.
ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ืืช ืœื™ื ื“ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
00:31
And because we shared our genetic information with Linda,
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00:33
she could see that Harriet and I shared
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืืจื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืœื™
00:35
a very rare type of mitochondrial DNA, haplotype K1a1b1a,
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื•ื ืžื™ื˜ื•ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ืืœื™ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ --
ื”ืืคืœื•ื˜ื™ื™ืค K1a1b1a --
00:39
which meant we were distantly related.
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ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
00:41
We actually share the same genealogy with ร–tzi the Iceman.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืœืงื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื’ื ืืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขื ืื•ื–ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืงืจื—.
00:44
So -- ร–tzi, Harriet and me.
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ืื– ืื•ื–ื™ ื”ืืจื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™.
00:46
And being the current day, of course, we started our own Facebook group.
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืคืกื™ื™ื‘ื•ืง.
ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ.
00:49
You're all welcome to join.
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00:50
When I met Harriet in person the next year at the TED conference,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช TED,
00:53
she'd gone online and ordered our own happy haplotype T-shirts.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืืคื™ ื”ืืคืœื•ื˜ื™ื™ื.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:56
(Laughter)
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00:57
Why am I telling you this story?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
00:59
What does it have to do with the future of health?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ?
01:01
Well, the way I met Harriet is an example
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืจื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื”
01:03
of how leveraging cross-disciplinary, exponentially growing technologies
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ืฆื•ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืกื™ืคืœื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช
01:07
is affecting our future of health and wellness --
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ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• --
01:09
from low-cost gene analysis
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืคืขื ื•ื— ื”ื’ื ื•ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ืžื•ืš
01:11
to the ability to do powerful bioinformatics
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ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช
01:13
to the connection of the Internet and social networking.
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ื•ืขื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
01:16
What I'd like to talk about today
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ืื ื™ ืืจืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
01:18
is understanding these exponential technologies.
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
01:20
We often think linearly.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื™ื ืืจื™ืช.
01:22
But if you think about it, if you have a lily pad
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื ืชืงื—ื• ืœื›ื ืœื•ื˜ื•ืก
01:24
and it just divided every single day --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชื—ืœืง ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื --
01:26
two, four, eight, sixteen -- in 15 days, you'd have 32,000.
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ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืืจื‘ืข, ืฉืžื•ื ื”, 16 --
ืชื•ืš 15 ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื 32,000.
01:30
What do you think you'd have in a month?
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ื›ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ? ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“.
01:32
We're at a billion.
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01:33
If we start to think exponentially,
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ืื– ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™,
01:35
we can see how this is starting to affect all the technologies around us.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•.
01:38
Many of these technologies, speaking as a physician and innovator,
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ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• -- ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืจื•ืคื ื•ื›ื—ื“ืฉืŸ --
ืื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืžื ืฃ
01:42
we can start to leverage, to impact the future of our own health
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
01:45
and of health care,
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ื•ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื
01:46
and to address many of the major challenges in health care today,
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ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช
01:49
ranging from the exponential costs to the aging population,
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ืืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื–ื“ืงื ืช,
01:52
the way we really don't use information very well today,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ื•ื,
ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
01:55
the fragmentation of care
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01:56
and the often very difficult course of adoption of innovation.
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ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืฉื”
ืœืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
02:00
And one of the major things we can do is move the curve to the left.
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ื”ื™ื•ื
ื–ื” ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืขืงื•ืžื” ืฉืžืืœื”.
02:04
We spend most of our money on the last 20 percent of life.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืกืคื ื• ืขืœ 20 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืœืชืžืจืฅ ืขืžื“ื•ืช
02:07
What if we could incentivize physicians in the health care system
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•
02:10
and our own selves
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ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืขืงื•ืžื” ืฉืžืืœื” ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื ื•,
02:11
to move the curve to the left and improve our health,
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ื•ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™?
02:13
leveraging technology as well?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื™, ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช,
02:15
Now my favorite example of exponential technology,
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02:17
we all have in our pocket.
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ื ืžืฆืืช ืืฆืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ื™ืก.
02:19
If you think about it, these are really dramatically improving.
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืืœื• ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช.
02:22
I mean, this is the iPhone 4.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ 4.
02:24
Imagine what the iPhone 8 will be able to do.
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ืชืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืžื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ 8.
02:27
Now, I've gained some insight into this.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืขื˜ ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื–ื”.
02:29
I've been the track share for the medicine portion
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ืื ื™ ื™ื™ืขืฆืชื™
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื ืงืจื Singularity University
02:32
of a new institution called Singularity University,
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02:34
based in Silicon Valley.
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ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ.
02:36
We bring together each summer about 100 very talented students
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื™ืฅ
ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช ืฉืœ ื›- 100 ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:39
from around the world.
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02:40
And we look at these exponential technologies from medicine,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื ื ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื”ื—ืœืœ,
02:43
biotech, artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, space,
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื‘
02:46
and address how we can cross-train and leverage these
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ื•ืœืžื ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ืฉื’ื ื•.
02:48
to impact major unmet goals.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื’ื ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื.
02:50
We also have seven-day executive programs.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื”- Future Med,
02:52
And coming up next month is FutureMed,
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02:54
a program to help cross-train and leverage technologies into medicine.
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืืžืŸ, ืœืฉืœื‘ ื•ืœืžื ืฃ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
02:58
Now, I mentioned the phone.
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02:59
These mobile phones have over 20,000 different mobile apps available.
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ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- 20,000 ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช --
03:02
There's one out of the UK where you can pee on a little chip,
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ืขื“ ืœื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžืื ื’ืœื™ื”
ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืš ืœืชืช ืฉืชืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš
03:06
connect it to your iPhone,
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ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืŸ.
03:07
and check for an STD.
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03:08
I don't know if I'd try that, but it's available.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืื ื™ ืื ืกื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช,
03:11
There are other sorts of applications.
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03:12
Merging your phone and diagnostics, for example,
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ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืขื ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” --
ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืจืžืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ื‘ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš
03:15
measuring your blood glucose on your iPhone
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ื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš
03:17
and sending that to your physician,
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03:18
so they can better understand and you can better understand
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื•ื’ื ืืชื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:21
your blood sugars as a diabetic.
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ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉืœืš ื‘ื“ื ื›ืกื•ื›ืจืชื™.
03:23
So let's see how exponential technologies are taking health care.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:26
Let's start with faster.
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03:27
It's no secret that computers, through Moore's law,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื“ืจืš ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืจ,
ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:30
are speeding up faster and faster.
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03:31
We can do more powerful things with them.
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ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื ื• ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:33
They're really approaching -- in many cases, surpassing --
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ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืืฃ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื,
ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
03:36
the ability of the human mind.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื™ืžื”
03:38
But where I think computational speed is most applicable is in imaging.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ื”.
03:42
The ability now to look inside the body in real time
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืขืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™
03:44
with very high resolution
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ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”
03:46
is really becoming incredible.
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03:47
And we're layering multiple technologies -- PET scans, CT scans
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช -- ืกืจื™ืงืช PET, ืกืจื™ืงืช CT
03:50
and molecular diagnostics --
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ื•ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ --
03:52
to find and seek things at different levels.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
03:55
Here you're going to see the very highest resolution MRI scan done today,
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื›ืฉื™ืจ MRI ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืกืจื•ืง ื›ื™ื•ื,
ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืืจืง ื”ื•ื“ื•ืฉ, ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ TEDMED.
03:59
of Marc Hodosh, the curator of TEDMED.
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04:01
And now we can see inside of the brain
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ื•ืขืชื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื—
ืขื ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืœืคื ื™-ื›ืŸ,
04:04
at a resolution and ability never before available,
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04:06
and essentially learn how to reconstruct and maybe even reengineer
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ,
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื ื“ืก ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
04:10
or backwards engineer the brain,
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ืื• ืœื”ื ื“ืก ื—ื–ืจื”, ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—
04:12
so we can better understand pathology, disease and therapy.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื”ืžื—ืœื”, ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
04:15
We can look inside with real-time fMRI in the brain at real time.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ fMRI ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช-- ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
04:18
And by understanding these sorts of processes and these connections,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื ืชื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช
04:22
we're going to understand the effects of medication or meditation
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ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืœื™ื™ืขืœ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
04:25
and better personalize and make effective, for example,
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04:27
psychoactive drugs.
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
04:29
The scanners for these are getting smaller, less expensive
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ื”ืกื•ืจืงื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:32
and more portable.
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ื•ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืžื™ื“ืข ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืืœื”
04:33
And this sort of data explosion available from these
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04:35
is really almost becoming a challenge.
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ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืชื’ืจ.
04:37
The scan of today takes up about 800 books, or 20 gigabytes.
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ื”ืกื•ืจืง ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื›- 800 ืกืคืจื™ื, ืื• 20 ื’ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื™ื˜.
04:40
The scan in a couple of years will be one terabyte, or 800,000 books.
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ื”ืกื•ืจืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื˜ืจื” ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืื• 800,000 ืกืคืจื™ื.
ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชืš ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”?
04:44
How do you leverage that information?
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04:45
Let's get personal.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจื“ ืœืจืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉืืœ ืžื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืคื” ืงื•ืœื•ื ื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื”,
04:47
I won't ask who here's had a colonoscopy, but if you're over age 50,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืขื‘ืจืชื ืืช ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกืจื™ืงืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœืš.
04:50
it's time for your screening colonoscopy.
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืœ?
04:52
How'd you like to avoid the pointy end of the stick?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉื ื” ืกืงื™ืจืช ืงื•ืœื•ื ื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช.
04:54
Now there's essentially virtual colonoscopy.
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04:56
Compare those two pictures.
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ื”ืฉื•ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื•, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’,
04:58
As a radiologist, you can basically fly through your patient's colon,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืขื•ืฃ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉืœืš
ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช,
05:01
and augmenting that with artificial intelligence,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ื ื’ืข.
05:03
potentially identify a lesion that we might have missed,
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ืฉืื•ืคืก, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืคืกืคืกื ื• ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
05:06
but using AI on top of radiology,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื ื’ืขื™ื ืฉืคืกืคื ื• ืœืคื ื™-ื›ืŸ.
05:08
we can find lesions that were missed before.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืงื•ืœื•ื ื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช
05:10
Maybe this will encourage people to get colonoscopies
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ืฉื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืื—ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
05:12
that wouldn't have otherwise.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืชื™.
05:14
This is an example of this paradigm shift.
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ืื ื• ื ืขื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•-ืจืคื•ืื”, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช,
05:16
We're moving to this integration of biomedicine, information technology,
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ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ื’ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• -- ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
05:19
wireless and, I would say, mobile now -- this era of digital medicine.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืกื›ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื›ืขืช.
05:22
Even my stethoscope is now digital, and of course, there's an app for that.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื” ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื”.
ืื ื• ื ืขื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ืงื” ืขื™ืœืื™ืช.
05:26
We're moving, obviously, to the era of the tricorder.
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ืื–, ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืื•ื ื“ ื”ื™ื“ื ื™
05:29
So the handheld ultrasound is basically surpassing
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืกื›ืช.
05:31
and supplanting the stethoscope.
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05:33
These are now at a price point of what used to be 100,000 euros
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ืืœื• ื›ืจื’ืข ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ
ืฉืœ -- ืžื” ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” 100,000โ‚ฌ ืื• ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื --
05:36
or a couple hundred-thousand dollars.
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ื›- 5,000$ , ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
05:38
For about 5,000 dollars,
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05:39
I can have the power of a very powerful diagnostic device in my hand.
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™.
05:42
Merging this now with the advent of electronic medical records --
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ื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื–ื’ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื•ืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช --
ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืž- 20 ืื—ื•ื– ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื.
05:46
in the US, we're still less than 20 percent electronic;
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05:48
here in the Netherlands, I think it's more than 80 percent.
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ืคื” ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• 80 ืื—ื•ื–.
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ื›ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื™,
05:51
Now that we're switching to merging medical data,
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ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช,
05:53
making it available electronically,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
05:55
we can crowd-source the information, and as a physician,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืจื•ืคื, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืื”ื™ื”
05:58
I can access my patients' data from wherever I am,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™.
06:00
just through my mobile device.
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06:01
And now, of course, we're in the era of the iPad, even the iPad 2.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืื™ื™ืคื“, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืื™ื™ืคื“ 2.
ื•ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื”- FDA
06:05
Just last month,
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06:06
the first FDA-approved application was approved
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ืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืœืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื
06:08
to allow radiologists to do actual reading on these sorts of devices.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
ืื– ืœืœื ืกืคืง, ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื ื™,
06:12
So certainly, the physicians of today, including myself,
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06:14
are completely reliable on these devices.
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ื ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
06:16
And as you saw just about a month ago,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
06:18
Watson from IBM beat the two champions in "Jeopardy."
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ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ ืž-IBM ื ื™ืฆื— ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืืœื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื’'ืคืจื“ื™.
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื
06:21
So I want you to imagine when, in a couple of years,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืขื ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื–ื”
06:23
we've started to apply this cloud-based information,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืืช ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•
06:26
when we really have the AI physician and leverage our brains to connectivity
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ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื
06:29
to make decisions and diagnostics at a level never done.
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ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืขืฉืชื”.
06:32
Already today, you don't need to go to your physician in many cases.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
06:35
Only in about 20 percent of visits do you need to lay hands on the patient.
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ืจืง ื‘ื›- 20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื™ื“ื™ื™ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื --
06:39
We're now in the era of virtual visits.
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ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื•-ืกืงื™ื™ืค ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื American Well,
06:41
From Skype-type visits you can do with American Well,
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06:43
to Cisco, that's developed a very complex health presence system,
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ื•ืขื“ Cisco ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
06:46
the ability to interact with your health care provider is different.
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืกืคืง ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”.
ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
06:50
And these are being augmented even by our devices, again, today.
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ื›ืืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœื—ื” ืœื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืชืš ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื”
06:53
My friend Jessica sent me a picture of her head laceration,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ -- ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืื™ื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•.
06:55
so I can save her a trip to the emergency room,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื›ื™ื•ื,
06:58
and do diagnostics that way.
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06:59
Or maybe we can leverage today's gaming technology,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืงื™ื ืงื˜,
ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
07:02
like the Microsoft Kinect,
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07:03
hack that to enable diagnostics, for example, in diagnosing stroke,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฅ,
ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื ื™ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ.
07:06
using simple motion detection, using $100 devices.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ --
07:09
We can actually now visit our patients robotically.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”- RP7 ; ืื ืื ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืœื•ื’,
07:12
This is the RP7;
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07:13
if I'm a hematologist, I can visit another clinic or hospital.
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ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžืจืคืื” ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจ.
07:16
These are being augmented by a whole suite of tools
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ืืœื• ื™ืจื•ื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจื’ืข.
07:18
actually in the home now.
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ืื– ืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉืงืœ ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™.
07:20
We already have wireless scales.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ.
07:22
You step on the scale, tweet your weight to your friends,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ.
07:24
they can keep you in line.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฅ-ื“ื ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื.
07:26
We have wireless blood pressure cuffs.
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07:27
A whole gamut of technologies are being put together.
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ืžืฉืจืข ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื’ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื˜ืœืื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
07:30
Instead of wearing kludgy devices, we put on a simple patch.
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ื™ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“, ื”ื ืงืจื iRhythm --
07:33
This was developed at Stanford.
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07:34
It's called iRhythm; it completely supplants the prior technology
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ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
07:37
at a much lower price point, with much more effectivity.
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ืขื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:40
We're also in the era today of quantified self.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขืชื” ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™.
ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื•ืช,
07:43
Consumers now can basically buy $100 devices, like this little Fitbit.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”- FitBit.
07:46
I can measure my steps, my caloric outtake.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืฆืขื“ื™, ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆืืชื™.
07:48
I can get insight into that on a daily basis
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™.
07:50
and share it with my friends or physician.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื™, ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื™.
07:52
There's watches that measure your heart rate, Zeo sleep monitors,
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ื™ืฉื ื ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืœืš ืืช ื“ื•ืคืง ื”ืœื‘, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš,
07:55
a suite of tools that enable you to leverage
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ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืฉืคืจ
ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
07:58
and have insight into your own health.
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07:59
As we start to integrate this information,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
08:01
we'll know better what to do with it, and have better insight
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ืชื• ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:04
into our own pathologies, health and wellness.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืชืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”.
ื™ืฉื ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืงืฆืช ื“ื•ืคืง ื”ืœื‘.
08:07
There's even mirrors that can pick up your pulse rate.
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08:09
And I would argue, in the future,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืืœื• ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
08:11
we'll have wearable devices in our clothes, monitoring us 24/7.
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ื”ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• 24/7.
08:14
And just like the OnStar system in cars, your red light might go on.
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืืจ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
ื”ื ื•ืจื” ื”ืื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœืš ืชื“ืœืง -- ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืืžืจ "ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื ื•ืข".
08:18
It won't say "check engine"; it'll be a "check your body" light,
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ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• "ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื’ื•ืคืš",
ื•ืชืœืš ื•ืชื“ืื’ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื–ืืช.
08:21
and you'll go get it taken care of.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืžืจืื”
08:23
Probably in a few years,
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08:24
you'll look in your mirror and it'll be diagnosing you.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืชื›ื.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:27
(Laughter)
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08:28
For those of you with kiddos at home,
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ืœืืœื” ืžื›ื ืขื ื™ืœื“ื•ื“ืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
08:30
how would you like a wireless diaper that supports your --
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืœ ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ืชืžื•ืš ื‘...
08:33
(Laughter)
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืžืืฉืจ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื•.
08:34
More information, I think, than you might need,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื”.
08:36
but it's going to be here.
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
08:38
Now, we've heard a lot today about technology and connection.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
08:41
And I think some of these technologies
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ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
08:43
will enable us to be more connected with our patients, to take more time
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ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ
08:46
and do the important human-touch elements of medicine,
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ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืžื’ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”,
ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
08:49
as augmented by these technologies.
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08:50
Now, we've talked about augmenting the patient.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื“ื•ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜, ืœืจืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช.
ืžื” ืขื ืœืจื‘ื“ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื?
08:53
How about augmenting the physician?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืคืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ืชื—
08:55
We're now in the era of super-enabling the surgeon,
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ืืฉืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
08:57
who can now go into the body and do robotic surgery, which is here today,
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™, ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื,
09:00
at a level that was not really possible even five years ago.
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ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช
ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
09:04
And now this is being augmented with further layers of technology,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ื™ ืจืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
ื›ืžื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื“ืช.
09:07
like augmented reality.
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09:08
So the surgeon can see inside the patient, through their lens,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื ืชื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜, ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
09:11
where the tumor is, where the blood vessels are.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ, ืื™ืคื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื.
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ืขื ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
09:14
This can be integrated with decision support.
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ืžื ืชื— ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ืชื— ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
09:16
A surgeon in New York can help a surgeon in Amsterdam, for example.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ
09:19
And we're entering an era of truly scarless surgery called NOTES,
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ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืืžืช ืœืœื ืฆืœืงื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจื NOTES,
09:22
where the robotic endoscope can come out the stomach
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืื ื“ื•ืกืงื•ืค ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืงื™ื‘ื”
ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื™ืก ื”ืžืจื”
09:25
and pull out that gallbladder,
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09:26
all in a scarless way and robotically.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืœื ืฆืœืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืช.
ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืจื NOTES, ื•ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข --
09:29
This is called NOTES, and it's coming -- basically scarless surgery,
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ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœืœื ืฆืœืงื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื”,
09:32
as mediated by robotic surgery.
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ื”ืžืชื•ื•ืš ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™.
09:34
Now, how about controlling other elements?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ืขื ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?
09:36
For those who have disabilities -- the paraplegic,
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ืœืืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช -- ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืงื™ื --
ื™ืฉ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืง ืžื•ื—-ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™, ืื• ื”- BCI,
09:39
there's the brain-computer interface, or BCI,
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09:41
where chips have been put on the motor cortex
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ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉืžื• ืขืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช
ืฉืœ ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืงื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
09:44
of completely quadriplegic patients,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืกืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืื•, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืช.
09:46
and they can control a cursor or a wheelchair
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09:48
or, potentially, a robotic arm.
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ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:50
These devices are getting smaller
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09:51
and going into more and more of these patients.
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ื•ืžื•ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื.
ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชื—ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื,
09:54
Still in clinical trials,
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09:55
but imagine when we can connect these, for example,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”,
09:57
to the amazing bionic limb,
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ื›ืžื• ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ืจื•ืข ื”- DEKA ืฉื ื‘ื ืชื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืŸ ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื•,
09:59
such as the DEKA Arm, built by Dean Kamen and colleagues,
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ืœื” ื™ืฉ 17 ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉ
10:02
which has 17 degrees of motion and freedom,
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ื•ืืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื“ื ืืฉืจ ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื’ืคื™ื•
10:04
and can allow the person who's lost a limb
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
10:06
to have much higher dexterity or control than they've had in the past.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
10:09
So we're really entering the era of wearable robotics, actually.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจืช ืœื‘ื™ืฉื”.
10:12
If you haven't lost a limb but had a stroke,
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ืื ืœื ืื™ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื’ืคื™ื™ืš -- ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืฉื‘ืฅ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” --
ืืชื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
10:15
you can wear these augmented limbs.
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10:16
Or if you're a paraplegic -- I've visited the folks at Berkeley Bionics --
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ืื• ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉื•ืชืง -- ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจืงืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ืง --
ื”ื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”- eLEGS.
10:20
they've developed eLEGS.
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10:21
I took this video last week.
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ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ. ื”ื ื” ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžืฉื•ืชืง ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืžืฉ
10:22
Here's a paraplegic patient, walking by strapping on these exoskeletons.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฉืช ื”ืขื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฅ-ืฉืœื“ื™ื™ื.
10:26
He's otherwise completely wheelchair-bound.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื.
10:28
This is the early era of wearable robotics.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืฉื”.
10:30
And by leveraging these sorts of technologies,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื“ืจืš ืžื™ื ื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”,
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื›ื•ืช
10:33
we're going to change the definition of disability
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ, ืื• ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ.
10:35
to, in some cases, be superability, or super-enabling.
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10:37
This is Aimee Mullins, who lost her lower limbs as a young child,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื™ื™ืžื™ ืžื•ืœื™ื ืก, ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื’ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
ื•ื™ื• ื”ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื‘- MIT
10:41
and Hugh Herr, who's a professor at MIT,
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10:43
who lost his limbs in a climbing accident.
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ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื’ืคื™ื• ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก.
10:45
And now both of them can climb better, move faster, swim differently
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคืก ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื–ื•ื– ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”
10:48
with their prosthetics than us normal-abled persons.
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ืขื ื”ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ื”ื ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?
10:52
How about other exponentials?
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10:53
Clearly the obesity trend is exponentially going in the wrong direction,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื’ืžืช ื”ื”ืฉืžื ื” ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช.
10:57
including with huge costs.
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10:58
But the trend in medicine is to get exponentially smaller.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืœื›ื™ื•ืŸืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:01
A few examples: we're now in the era of "Fantastic Voyage," the iPill.
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ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืชื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ
ืฉืœ "ืžืกืข ืžื•ืคืœื", ื”- iPill.
11:05
You can swallow this completely integrated device.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš,
11:08
It can take pictures of your GI system,
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11:09
help diagnose and treat as it moves through your GI tract.
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ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื–ื– ื“ืจืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.
11:12
We get into even smaller micro-robots
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•-ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื–ื”
11:14
that will eventually, autonomously, move through your system,
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื ื•ืขื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœืš
ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
11:17
and be able to do things surgeons can't do
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
11:19
in a much less invasive manner.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš
11:21
Sometimes these might self-assemble in your GI system,
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11:23
and be augmented in that reality.
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ื•ืœืจื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
11:25
On the cardiac side, pacemakers are getting smaller
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืœื‘, ืงื•ืฆื‘ื™ ืœื‘ ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:27
and much easier to place,
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ื•ืงืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืžื”,
11:29
so no need to train an interventional cardiologist to place them.
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ืขื“ ืœื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืืžืŸ ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ืื•ืชื.
ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื,
11:32
And they'll be wirelessly telemetered to your mobile devices,
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื˜ืจ ืžืจื—ื•ืง.
11:35
so you can go places and be monitored remotely.
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11:37
These are shrinking even further.
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ืืœื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš.
11:39
This one is in prototyping by Medtronic; it's smaller than a penny.
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ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ Medtronic ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื ื™.
11:42
Artificial retinas, the ability to put arrays on the back of the eyeball
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ืจืฉืชื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืŸ
ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช.
11:46
and allow the blind to see --
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11:47
also in early trials, but moving into the future.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื–ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
ืืœื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื.
11:50
These are going to be game-changing.
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11:51
Or for those of us who are sighted,
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ืื• ืœืืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
11:53
how about having the assisted-living contact lens?
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ืžื” ืขื ืขื“ืฉืช ืžื’ืข ืฉืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื?
11:55
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi available -- beams back images to your eye.
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ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช', ื•ื•ื™-ืคื™ื™ ื–ืžื™ืŸ -- ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœืš.
11:58
(Laughter)
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืฉืœืš,
11:59
Now, if you have trouble maintaining your diet,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžืคื•ืชื— ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:02
it might help to have some extra imagery
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12:03
to remind you how many calories are going to be coming at you.
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ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก.
12:07
How about enabling the pathologist to use their cell phone
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ืžื” ืื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ื‘ืจืžื” ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ืช
12:10
to see at a microscopic level
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ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื“ืจืš ื›ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ?
12:12
and to lumber that data back to the cloud and make better diagnostics?
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ืžืขื‘ื“ืชื™ืช
12:15
In fact, the whole era of laboratory medicine
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ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
12:17
is completely changing.
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12:18
We can now leverage microfluidics,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคืœื•ืื™ื“ื™ืงื”,
12:20
like this chip made by Steve Quake at Stanford.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ืขืฉื” ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ืงื•ื•ื™ืง ืžืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“.
ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคืœื•ืื™ื“ื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ืื™ื.
12:23
Microfluidics can replace an entire lab of technicians;
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12:25
put it on a chip, enable thousands of tests at the point of care,
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ืœืฉื ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื‘, ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืืœืคื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื”ืขืฉื•ืช
ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
12:28
anywhere in the world.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
12:30
This will really leverage technology to the rural and the underserved
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื
12:33
and enable what used to be thousand-dollar tests to be done for pennies,
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
ื•ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.
12:37
and at the point of care.
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ืื ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืจื“ืช ืœืจืžื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:38
If we go down the small pathway a little bit further,
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12:40
we're entering the era of nanomedicine,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ื ื•-ืจืคื•ืื”,
12:42
the ability to make devices super-small,
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“
12:44
to the point where we can design red blood cells
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ืขื“ ืœื›ื“ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื“ื ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช
ืื• ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจื• ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
12:47
or microrobots that monitor our blood system or immune system,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืงื•ืช ืกืชื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
12:50
or even those that might clear out the clots from our arteries.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ืขื ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช?
12:53
Now how about exponentially cheaper?
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ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”,
12:55
Not something we usually think about in the era of medicine,
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12:57
but hard disks used to be 3,400 dollars for 10 megabytes -- exponentially cheaper.
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื™ืกืงื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœื• ืคืขื 3,400$ ืขื‘ื•ืจ 10 ืžื’ื” ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ -- ื–ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
ื‘ื’ื ื•ืžื™ืงื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
13:01
In genomics now, the genome cost about a billion dollars
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ืคื™ืขื ื•ื— ื”ื’ื ื•ื ืขืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
13:04
about 10 years ago, when the first one came out.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›- 10 ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
13:06
We're now approaching essentially a $1,000 genome, probably next year.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืชื” ืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืคื™ืขื ื•ื— ื”ื’ื ื•ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืคืขื ื•ื— ื”ื’ื ื•ื ื™ืขืœื” ืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ.
13:10
And in two years, a $100 genome.
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ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืื•ืชื ื’ื ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ?
13:11
What will we do with $100 genomes?
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13:13
Soon we'll have millions of these tests available.
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ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช.
13:15
Then it gets interesting, when we start to crowd-source that information,
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ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืืžืช --
13:19
and enter the era of true personalized medicine:
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ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ --
13:21
the right drug for the right person at the right time,
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ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืชื” ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื›ื•ืœื --
13:24
instead of what we're doing now, which is the same drug for everybody,
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช,
13:27
blockbuster drug medications, which don't work for the individual.
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจืš, ื”ืื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœ.
13:30
Many different companies are working on leveraging these approaches.
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
13:33
I'll show you a simple example, from 23andMe again.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืž- 23andMe ืฉื•ื‘.
ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื™ ืžืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฆืข
13:36
My data indicates I've got about average risk
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13:38
for developing macular degeneration, a kind of blindness.
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ืœืคืชื— ื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืœืจ, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ.
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืืขืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืœ- deCODEme,
13:41
But if I take that same data, upload it to deCODEme,
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13:43
I can look at my risk for type 2 diabetes; I'm at almost twice the risk.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื ื ื™ื— ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืžืกื•ื’ 2.
ืื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ 2.
ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืจืฆื” ืœืฉื ืœื‘ ื›ืžื” ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
13:48
I might want to watch how much dessert I have at lunch, for example.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™.
13:51
It might change my behavior.
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13:52
Leveraging my knowledge of my pharmacogenomics:
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ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืžืงื•ื’ื ื•ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœื™ --
ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš
13:55
how my genes modulate, what my drugs do and what doses I need
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
13:58
will become increasingly important,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืืœ ื•ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜,
14:00
and once in the hands of individuals and patients,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:02
will make better drug dosing and selection available.
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื”ื’ื ื™ื, ื–ื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื --
14:05
So again, it's not just genes, it's multiple details --
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14:07
our habits, our environmental exposures.
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ื”ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืืœ ืืชื›ื ืื™ืคื” ืืชื ื’ืจื™ื?
14:10
When was the last time your doctor asked where you've lived?
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14:12
Geomedicine: where you live, what you've been exposed to,
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ืจืคื•ืื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช: ืื™ืคื” ืฉืืชื” ื—ื™ื™, ืœืžื” ื ื—ืฉืคืช
ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
14:15
can dramatically affect your health.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
14:17
We can capture that information.
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14:18
Genomics, proteomics, the environment --
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ืื– ื’ื ื•ืžื™ืงื”, ื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
14:20
all this data streaming at us individually and as physicians:
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื–ื•ืจื ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื ืคืจื“, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื
ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
14:23
How do we manage it?
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14:24
We're now entering the era of systems medicine, systems biology,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช, ืื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
14:27
where we can start to integrate all this information.
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ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื“ื ืฉืœื ื•
14:30
And by looking at the patterns, for example, in our blood,
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ืฉืœ 10,000 ืกืžืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื—ืช,
14:33
of 10,000 biomarkers in a single test,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
14:35
we can look at patterns and detect disease at a much earlier stage.
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ื•ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
14:38
This is called by Lee Hood, the father of the field, P4 Medicine.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ื™ ืœื™ ื”ื•ื“, ืื‘ ื”ืชื—ื•ื,
ืจืคื•ืืช ื”- P4.
14:42
We'll be predictive and know what you're likely to have.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื‘ืื™ื; ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื.
14:44
We can be preventative; that prevention can be personalized.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ืขื™ื; ื”ืžื ื™ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช;
14:47
More importantly, it'll be increasingly participatory.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื™ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื™.
ื“ืจืš ืืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• Patients Like Me
14:50
Through websites like PatientsLikeMe
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ืื• ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš ื“ืจืš Microsoft HealthVault , ืื• Google Health,
14:52
or managing your data on Microsoft HealthVault or Google Health,
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ืžื™ื ื•ืคื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืคื•ืชื™ื•ืช
14:55
leveraging this together in participatory ways
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ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:57
will be increasingly important.
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14:58
I'll finish up with exponentially better.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
15:00
We'd like to get therapies better and more effective.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื.
15:03
Today we treat high blood pressure mostly with pills.
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ืžื” ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ
15:05
What if we take a new device,
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ื•ื ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื–ืงื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื
15:07
knock out the nerve vessels that help mediate blood pressure,
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ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ื ืจืคื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื™ืชืจ.
15:10
and in a single therapy, basically cure hypertension?
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15:12
This is a new device doing essentially that.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
15:14
It should be on the market in a year or two.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
ืžื” ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ?
15:17
How about more targeted therapies for cancer?
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื ืงื•ืœื•ื’
15:19
I'm an oncologist and know that most of what we give is essentially poison.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจืขืœ.
15:22
We learned at Stanford and other places that we can discover cancer stem cells,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื,
15:26
the ones that seem to be really responsible for disease relapse.
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ืืœื• ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื—ื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
15:29
So if you think of cancer as a weed,
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื›ืขืœ ืขืฉื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ื”,
15:31
we often can whack the weed away and it seems to shrink,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืงืฉ ืืช ื”ืขืฉื‘ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื”.
ื ื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉื•ื‘.
15:34
but it often comes back.
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15:35
So we're attacking the wrong target.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
15:37
The cancer stem cells remain,
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ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื,
15:39
and the tumor can return months or years later.
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ืฉื ื™ื.
15:41
We're now learning to identify the cancer stem cells
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื
15:43
and identify those as targets and go for the long-term cure.
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ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื›ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื—.
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
15:47
We're entering the era of personalized oncology,
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
15:49
the ability to leverage all of this data together,
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ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœืชืช
15:51
analyze the tumor
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15:52
and come up with a real, specific cocktail for the individual patient.
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ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื•ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™.
ื•ืื ื™ ืืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืจืคื•ืื” ืจื’ื ืจืฆื™ื•ื–ื™ืช.
15:56
I'll close with regenerative medicine.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข --
15:58
I've studied a lot about stem cells.
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15:59
Embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.
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ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื• ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•.
16:02
We have adult stem cells throughout our body;
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืžื— ืขืฆื.
16:04
we use those in bone marrow transplantation.
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Geron, ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
16:06
Geron, last year, started the first trial using human embryonic stem cells
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ืจื”.
16:10
to treat spinal cord injuries.
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16:11
Still a phase I trial, but evolving.
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžืชืคืชื—.
16:13
We've been using adult stem cells in clinical trials for about 15 years
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›-15 ืฉื ื”
16:17
to approach a whole range of topics, particularly cardiovascular disease.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ืœื‘.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื— ืขืฆื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•
16:21
If we take our own bone marrow cells and treat a patient with a heart attack,
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ื•ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘,
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
16:25
we can see much improved heart function and better survival
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16:27
using our own bone marrow derived cells after a heart attack.
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ื‘ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื— ื”ืขืฆื ืฉืœื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืชืื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงืฃ ื”ืœื‘.
16:30
I invented a device called the MarrowMiner,
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ืื ื™ ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ืงืจื MarrowMiner,
ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืžื— ืขืฆื.
16:33
a much less invasive way for harvesting bone marrow.
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ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”- FDA,
16:35
It's now been FDA approved; hopefully on the market in the next year.
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ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ืง ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉื ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:38
Hopefully you can appreciate the device
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื
16:40
going through the patient's body removing bone marrow, not with 200 punctures,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืžืชืคืชืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ืœื•ืงื— ืžืžื ื• ืืช ืžื— ื”ืขืฆื,
ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘- 200 ื“ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ืจืง ื‘ื“ืงื™ืจื” ืื—ืช ืชื—ืช ื”ืจื“ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
16:44
but with a single puncture, under local anesthesia.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื•ืœืš?
16:46
Where is stem-cell therapy going?
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ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืœื›ืœ ืชื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื›ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื“.ื .ื.
16:48
If you think about it,
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16:49
every cell in your body has the same DNA you had when you were an embryo.
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ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื›ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœืชื›ื ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื
16:53
We can now reprogram your skin cells
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืคืงื“ ื›ืชื ื’ื–ืข ืจื‘-ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™
16:55
to actually act like a pluripotent embryonic stem cell
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ --
16:58
and utilize those, potentially, to treat multiple organs in the same patient,
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœื›ื ืงื• ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื.
17:01
making personalized stem cell lines.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ืฉืœื›ื
17:03
I think there'll be a new era of your own stem cell banking
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื ืชืื™ ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื,
17:06
to have in the freezer your own cardiac cells, myocytes and neural cells
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ืชืื™ ืฉืจื™ืจ ื•ืชืื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื
17:09
to use them in the future, should you need them.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืœื›ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืื•ืชืŸ.
17:12
We're integrating this now with a whole era of cellular engineering,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกืื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ืช.
ื•ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช
17:15
and integrating exponential technologies for essentially 3D organ printing,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื“ืคืกื•ืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ --
ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืชืื™ื
17:19
replacing the ink with cells,
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17:20
and essentially building and reconstructing a 3D organ.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื—ื–ืจื™ื ืื™ื‘ืจ ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™.
17:23
That's where things are heading.
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ืœืฉื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื; ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
17:25
Still very early days,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช,
17:26
but I think, as integration of exponential technologies,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
17:29
this is the example.
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ืื– ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
17:30
So in closing, as you think about technology trends
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17:32
and how to impact health and medicine,
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืคื•ืื”,
17:34
we're entering an era of miniaturization,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืขืจื”,
17:36
decentralization and personalization.
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ื‘ื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
17:38
And by pulling these things together,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
17:40
if we start to think about how to understand and leverage them,
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืžื ืฃ ืื•ืชื,
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜,
17:43
we're going to empower the patient, enable the doctor, enhance wellness
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ืœืชืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื•ืคื, ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”
ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœืจืคื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
17:47
and begin to cure the well before they get sick.
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17:49
Because I know as a doctor, if someone comes to me with stage I disease,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ืืœื™ื™ ืขื ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช,
ืื ื™ ื ืจื’ืฉ -- ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชื.
17:53
I'm thrilled; we can often cure them.
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17:54
But often it's too late,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ ื•ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
17:56
and it's stage III or IV cancer, for example.
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ื›ืš ืฉื“ืจืš ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
17:58
So by leveraging these technologies together,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ
18:00
I think we'll enter a new era that I like to call stage 0 medicine.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• ื“ืจื’ื” ืืคืก ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”.
18:03
And as a cancer doctor, I'm looking forward to being out of a job.
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืจื•ืคื ืœืžื—ืœืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืฆืคื” ื•ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
18:06
Thanks very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
18:08
(Applause)
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ืžืืจื—ืช: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
18:10
Host: Thank you. Thank you.
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18:11
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:13
Take a bow, take a bow.
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ืงื•ื“ ืงื™ื“ื”. ืงื•ื“ ืงื™ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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