Daniel Kraft: Medicine's future? There's an app for that

62,461 views ・ 2011-06-13

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jina Kim κ²€ν† : Bianca Lee
λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에 μ „
00:16
A couple of years ago,
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00:17
when I was attending the TED conference in Long Beach,
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λ‘± λΉ„μΉ˜μ˜ TED μ»¨νΌλŸ°μŠ€μ— μ°Έμ„ν–ˆμ„ λ‹Ήμ‹œ
Harriet을 λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
I met Harriet.
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00:21
We'd actually met online before -- not the way you're thinking.
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사싀 μ˜¨λΌμΈμƒμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ‚œ 적은 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:25
We were introduced because we both knew Linda Avey,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” λ‘˜ λ‹€ 졜초의 온라인 인간 κ²Œλ†ˆ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 창립자 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…인
00:27
one of the founders of the first online personal genomic companies.
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Linda Aveyλ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ„œλ‘œ μ†Œκ°œλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 저희 μœ μ „ 정보λ₯Ό Linda와 κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:31
And because we shared our genetic information with Linda,
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00:33
she could see that Harriet and I shared
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Harrietκ³Ό μ œκ°€ λ¨Ό μΉœμ²™μž„μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”
00:35
a very rare type of mitochondrial DNA, haplotype K1a1b1a,
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μΌμ²΄λ°°ν˜• K1a1b1aλΌλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό ν¬κ·€ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜
λ―Έν† μ½˜λ“œλ¦¬μ•„ DNAλ₯Ό
00:39
which meant we were distantly related.
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κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 Linda도 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
We actually share the same genealogy with Γ–tzi the Iceman.
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Harrietκ³Ό μ „ μ•„μ΄μŠ€λ§¨ Ozzie와 같은 ν˜ˆν†΅μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
So -- Γ–tzi, Harriet and me.
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Ozzie, Harriet 그리고 μ „ ν•œ 핏쀄인거죠.
00:46
And being the current day, of course, we started our own Facebook group.
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λ¬Όλ‘  저흰 μš”μ¦˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ λ‹΅κ²Œ 페이슀뢁 그룹을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ κ°€μž…λ„ ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
You're all welcome to join.
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00:50
When I met Harriet in person the next year at the TED conference,
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그리고 μ œκ°€ Harriet을 μž‘λ…„ TED μ»¨νΌλŸ°μŠ€μ—μ„œ 직접 λ§Œλ‚¬μ„ λ•Œ,
00:53
she'd gone online and ordered our own happy haplotype T-shirts.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 온라인으둜 우리의 행볡 μΌμ²΄λ°°ν˜• ν‹°μ…”μΈ λ₯Ό μ£Όλ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:56
(Laughter)
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00:57
Why am I telling you this story?
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μ œκ°€ μ™œ 이런 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  있으며,
00:59
What does it have to do with the future of health?
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이것이 보건 의료의 λ―Έλž˜μ™€ μ–΄λ–€ 관계가 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:01
Well, the way I met Harriet is an example
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λ°”λ‘œ μ œκ°€ Harriet을 λ§Œλ‚˜κ²Œ 된 λ°©λ²•μ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ
01:03
of how leveraging cross-disciplinary, exponentially growing technologies
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ν•™μ œμ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©λ˜λ©°, κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 기술이
보건 의료의 λ―Έλž˜μ— μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 큰 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό
01:07
is affecting our future of health and wellness --
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보여쀀 ν•œ 예이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
from low-cost gene analysis
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즉, 적은 λΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μœ μ „μž λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
01:11
to the ability to do powerful bioinformatics
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μœ μ „μžμ •λ³΄μ²˜λ¦¬λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯,
01:13
to the connection of the Internet and social networking.
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인터넷과 μ†Œμ…œλ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ˜ μ—°κ²°κΉŒμ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
What I'd like to talk about today
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μ œκ°€ 였늘 λ§ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ°”λ‘œ
01:18
is understanding these exponential technologies.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μΈ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
We often think linearly.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… μ„ ν˜•μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
But if you think about it, if you have a lily pad
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ λ°±ν•© 잎이 ν•˜λ‚˜ 있고
01:24
and it just divided every single day --
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그것이 맀일 λΆ„ν• λœλ‹€κ³  생각해 보면
01:26
two, four, eight, sixteen -- in 15 days, you'd have 32,000.
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2, 4, 8, 16...
15μΌλ§Œμ— 32,000κ°œκ°€ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
What do you think you'd have in a month?
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ν•œλ‹¬μ„ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”? λͺ‡ μ‹­μ–΅ λŒ€μ˜ μˆ«μžκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜¬κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:32
We're at a billion.
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01:33
If we start to think exponentially,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄
01:35
we can see how this is starting to affect all the technologies around us.
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이것이 우리 μ£Όλ³€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  κΈ°μˆ μ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
Many of these technologies, speaking as a physician and innovator,
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그리고 μ˜μ‚¬μ΄μž μ‹ κΈ°μˆ  λ„μž…μžλ‘œμ„œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
건강과 보건 의료의 λ―Έλž˜μ— 영ν–₯을 μ£Όκ³ 
01:42
we can start to leverage, to impact the future of our own health
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ν˜„μž¬ 보건 μ˜λ£Œμ— λ‹Ήλ©΄ν•œ μ£Όμš” 과제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:45
and of health care,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기술 쀑 λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ ν™œμš©μ„ λ°”λ‘œ μ§€κΈˆ μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
and to address many of the major challenges in health care today,
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κ·Έ 적용 λ²”μœ„λŠ” μ‹€μ œ κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μΈ λΉ„μš©μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
01:49
ranging from the exponential costs to the aging population,
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κ³ λ Ήν™” ν˜„μƒ,
01:52
the way we really don't use information very well today,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 정보λ₯Ό 적절히 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 방식,
의료 κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ λΆ„μ‚°,
01:55
the fragmentation of care
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01:56
and the often very difficult course of adoption of innovation.
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ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ±„νƒν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμš΄ κ³Όμ • λ“±μ˜
λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
And one of the major things we can do is move the curve to the left.
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그리고 였늘 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ˜ 것듀 쀑 ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„œ μ‹€μ²œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 핡심적인 일은
λ°”λ‘œ μΈμ‹μ˜ μ „ν™˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
We spend most of our money on the last 20 percent of life.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 돈의 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ μ‚Άμ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 20νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ— μ†ŒλΉ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
만일 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 의료 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— λˆμ„ μ§€μΆœν•˜κ³  μš°μ„  μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό 두며
02:07
What if we could incentivize physicians in the health care system
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우리 μžμ‹ μ΄ 인식을 μ „ν™˜ν•˜μ—¬
02:10
and our own selves
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슀슀둜의 건강을 μ¦μ§„μ‹œν‚€κ³  λ”λΆˆμ–΄ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
02:11
to move the curve to the left and improve our health,
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μ–΄λ–¨ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:13
leveraging technology as well?
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μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 기술, κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ  기술의 ν•œ μ˜ˆκ°€
02:15
Now my favorite example of exponential technology,
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02:17
we all have in our pocket.
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λ°”λ‘œ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ 속에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
If you think about it, these are really dramatically improving.
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그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄, 맀우 λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
I mean, this is the iPhone 4.
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그것은 λ°”λ‘œ iPhone 4μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Imagine what the iPhone 8 will be able to do.
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iPhone 8μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 뭘 ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ 상상해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
02:27
Now, I've gained some insight into this.
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사싀 제겐, 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 식견이 μ’€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
I've been the track share for the medicine portion
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μ „ μ‹€λ¦¬μ½˜ 밸리 μ†Œμž¬μ˜
특이점 λŒ€ν•™(Singularity University)μ΄λΌλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν•™νšŒμ˜ μ˜ν•™ λΆ€λ¬Έ
02:32
of a new institution called Singularity University,
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02:34
based in Silicon Valley.
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곡동 뢄과에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
We bring together each summer about 100 very talented students
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ν•΄λ§ˆλ‹€ 여름이면
재λŠ₯μžˆλŠ” μ „ 세계 100μ—¬λͺ…μ˜ 학생과 ν•¨κ»˜ λͺ¨μ—¬μ„œ
02:39
from around the world.
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02:40
And we look at these exponential technologies from medicine,
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μ˜ν•™, 생λͺ… 곡학, 인곡 지λŠ₯, λ‘œλ΄‡ 곡학, λ‚˜λ…Έ 기술, 우주 곡학 λ“±μ˜
κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ  κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ 
02:43
biotech, artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, space,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ ‘λͺ©μ‹œν‚€κ³  ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬
02:46
and address how we can cross-train and leverage these
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μ£Όμš” λ―Έκ²° λͺ©ν‘œμ— 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ…Όμ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
to impact major unmet goals.
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λ˜ν•œ 7μΌκ°„μ˜ νŠΉλ³„ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨κ³Ό
02:50
We also have seven-day executive programs.
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이후 λͺ‡ 달간 "미래의 μ˜ν•™(Future Med)"이라고 ν•˜λŠ”
02:52
And coming up next month is FutureMed,
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02:54
a program to help cross-train and leverage technologies into medicine.
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κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ˜ν•™μ— μ ‘λͺ©μ‹œμΌœ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•žμ„œ νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
02:58
Now, I mentioned the phone.
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02:59
These mobile phones have over 20,000 different mobile apps available.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ—μ„œλŠ” 2만 κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ°”일 앱을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 있으며,
03:02
There's one out of the UK where you can pee on a little chip,
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심지어 영ꡭ의 ν•œ μ•±μ—μ„œλŠ”
iPhone에 μ—°κ²°λœ μž‘μ€ νŒμ— μ†Œλ³€μ„ λ–¨μ–΄λœ¨λ €
03:06
connect it to your iPhone,
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성병을 μžκ°€ 진단할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
and check for an STD.
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03:08
I don't know if I'd try that, but it's available.
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μ „ 아직 κ·Έκ±Έ μ‹œλ„ν•΄ λ³Έ 적은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, κ°€λŠ₯은 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ‹œμ€‘μ—λŠ” ν•Έλ“œν°κ³Ό 진단 κΈ°λŠ₯을 κ²°ν•©ν•œ
03:11
There are other sorts of applications.
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03:12
Merging your phone and diagnostics, for example,
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μ˜¨κ°– μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ‘μš© ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
iPhoneμ—μ„œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ήμ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό
03:15
measuring your blood glucose on your iPhone
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μ£ΌμΉ˜μ˜μ—κ²Œ 보낼 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
and sending that to your physician,
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03:18
so they can better understand and you can better understand
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당뇨병 ν™˜μžμΈ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‹ λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ ν˜ˆλ‹Ήμ— λŒ€ν•΄
03:21
your blood sugars as a diabetic.
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더 잘 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:23
So let's see how exponential technologies are taking health care.
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이제 κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ  기술이 의료 κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 방식을 속도 ν–₯상 μΈ‘λ©΄λΆ€ν„°
μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Let's start with faster.
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03:27
It's no secret that computers, through Moore's law,
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λ¬΄μ–΄μ˜ 법칙을 톡해, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ˜ 처리 속도가
갈수둝 빨라짐을 이미 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
are speeding up faster and faster.
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03:31
We can do more powerful things with them.
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μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‘œ λ”μš± μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 일듀을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
They're really approaching -- in many cases, surpassing --
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μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λŠ” 인λ₯˜μ˜ 지적 λŠ₯λ ₯에 점점 더 κ·Όμ ‘ν•˜κ³  있으며,
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ²½μš°λŠ” κ·Έκ±Έ λ„˜μ–΄μ„œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
the ability of the human mind.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ „ 졜적의 μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ˜ μ—°μ‚° 속도 μ—­μ‹œλ„
03:38
But where I think computational speed is most applicable is in imaging.
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μƒμƒμ˜ λ²”μœ„ 내에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
The ability now to look inside the body in real time
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인체 λ‚΄λΆ€λ₯Ό 초 κ³ ν•΄μƒλ„λ‘œ μ‹€μ‹œκ°„ 진찰할 수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ€
03:44
with very high resolution
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μ‹€λ‘œ λ†€λΌμš΄ μˆ˜μ€€κΉŒμ§€ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  있으며,
03:46
is really becoming incredible.
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03:47
And we're layering multiple technologies -- PET scans, CT scans
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μ–‘μ „μžλ°©μΆœ λ‹¨μΈ΅μ΄¬μ˜(PET), CT 촬영 및 λΆ„μž 진단과 같이
03:50
and molecular diagnostics --
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ ˆλ²¨μ—μ„œ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ”
03:52
to find and seek things at different levels.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ²°ν•©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
Here you're going to see the very highest resolution MRI scan done today,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이제 TEDMED νλ ˆμ΄ν„°μΈ Marc Hodoshκ°€ μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•œ
였늘 μ΄¬μ˜ν•œ μ΄ˆκ³ ν•΄μƒλ„ MRI 사진을 λ³΄μ‹œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
of Marc Hodosh, the curator of TEDMED.
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04:01
And now we can see inside of the brain
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이제 μ΄μ „μ—λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆλ˜
해상도와 기술둜 λ‡Œμ˜ λ‚΄λΆ€λ₯Ό λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ³Ό 수 있으며,
04:04
at a resolution and ability never before available,
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04:06
and essentially learn how to reconstruct and maybe even reengineer
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병리, μ§ˆν™˜, 치료의 이해도λ₯Ό 높일 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
λ‡Œμ˜ μ˜μƒμ„ μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³ 
04:10
or backwards engineer the brain,
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λ‹€μ‹œ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ§ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:12
so we can better understand pathology, disease and therapy.
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λ¦¬λ²„μŠ€ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ§ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
We can look inside with real-time fMRI in the brain at real time.
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μ‹€μ‹œκ°„ fMRIλ₯Ό 톡해 μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ‡Œ λ‚΄λΆ€λ₯Ό λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ³Ό 수 있으며,
04:18
And by understanding these sorts of processes and these connections,
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이런 λ₯˜μ˜ ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€μ™€ 상관 관계λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
μ•½ν’ˆμ΄λ‚˜ λͺ…상이 λ‡Œμ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 μ•Œ 수 있고
04:22
we're going to understand the effects of medication or meditation
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μ •μ‹ μ§ˆν™˜ μ•½ 등을 κ°œμΈλ³„λ‘œ μ΅œμ ν™”ν•˜κ³  보닀 효과적으둜
04:25
and better personalize and make effective, for example,
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04:27
psychoactive drugs.
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μ²˜λ°©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
The scanners for these are getting smaller, less expensive
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진단 κΈ°κΈ°λŠ” 점차 κ²½λŸ‰ν™”λ˜κ³  가격은 λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ©° νœ΄λŒ€μ„±μ€ 높아지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
and more portable.
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그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°κΈ°μ—μ„œ 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ 데이터λ₯Ό
04:33
And this sort of data explosion available from these
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04:35
is really almost becoming a challenge.
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μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 일도 점점 더 μ–΄λ €μ›Œ 지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
The scan of today takes up about 800 books, or 20 gigabytes.
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였늘 μ΄¬μ˜ν•œ λ°μ΄ν„°λ§Œ μ±… 800ꢌ λΆ„λŸ‰ ν˜Ήμ€ 20GB에 λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
The scan in a couple of years will be one terabyte, or 800,000 books.
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수 λ…„ λ‚΄μ˜ 촬영 λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” 1TB ν˜Ήμ€ μ±… 80만 ꢌ λΆ„λŸ‰μ―€ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έ λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:44
How do you leverage that information?
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04:45
Let's get personal.
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μ—¬κΈ° 계신 λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 λŒ€μž₯λ‚΄μ‹œκ²½μ„ 받은 뢄이 λˆ„κ΅°μ§€ 묻진 μ•Šκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
04:47
I won't ask who here's had a colonoscopy, but if you're over age 50,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 50μ„Έλ₯Ό λ„˜κ²Όλ‹€λ©΄ μ§€κΈˆμ΄ λŒ€μž₯λ‚΄μ‹œκ²½ 검사λ₯Ό 받을 μ‹œκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
it's time for your screening colonoscopy.
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λ‚΄μ‹œκ²½ μž₯λΉ„μ˜ λΎ°μ£‘ν•œ 끝을 ν”Όν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:52
How'd you like to avoid the pointy end of the stick?
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λ°”λ‘œ 가상 λŒ€μž₯λ‚΄μ‹œκ²½ κ²€μ‚¬λΌλŠ” 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Now there's essentially virtual colonoscopy.
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04:56
Compare those two pictures.
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이 두 개의 사진을 λΉ„κ΅ν•œ λ‹€μŒ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€
04:58
As a radiologist, you can basically fly through your patient's colon,
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방사선과 μ˜μ‚¬μ²˜λŸΌ ν™˜μžμ˜ κ²°μž₯을 따라가며
인곡 지λŠ₯ 기술둜 ν™•λŒ€ν•΄ 보고
05:01
and augmenting that with artificial intelligence,
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 바와 같은 ν™˜λΆ€λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
potentially identify a lesion that we might have missed,
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뭐 κ°„ν˜Ή 놓칠 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ, 첨단 방사선 인곡 지λŠ₯ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜λ©΄
05:06
but using AI on top of radiology,
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μ΄μ „μ—λŠ” λ†“μ³€μ—ˆλ˜ ν™˜λΆ€λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
we can find lesions that were missed before.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 이둜써 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κ±°λΆ€ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
05:10
Maybe this will encourage people to get colonoscopies
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λŒ€μž₯λ‚΄μ‹œκ²½μ„ 받도둝 독렀할 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
that wouldn't have otherwise.
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μ΄λŠ” 인식을 μ „ν™˜ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ˜ˆμ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
This is an example of this paradigm shift.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 생체 μ˜ν•™, IT, 무선 기술의 톡합을 ν–₯ν•΄ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ³  있으며,
05:16
We're moving to this integration of biomedicine, information technology,
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μ €λŠ” 여기에 이제 λͺ¨λ°”일 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
wireless and, I would say, mobile now -- this era of digital medicine.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 디지털 μ˜ν•™μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ£ . 제 청진기도 λ””μ§€ν„Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
Even my stethoscope is now digital, and of course, there's an app for that.
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λ¬Όλ‘  디지털 μ²­μ§„κΈ°μš© 앱도 μžˆμ§€μš”.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠΈλΌμ΄μ½”λ”μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•˜κ³  있으며,
05:26
We're moving, obviously, to the era of the tricorder.
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그에 따라 μ΄ˆμ†Œν˜• 초음파 μž₯λΉ„κ°€
05:29
So the handheld ultrasound is basically surpassing
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μ²­μ§„κΈ°μ˜ μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό νœ μ”¬ λ„˜μ–΄μ„œμ„œ 이λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
and supplanting the stethoscope.
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05:33
These are now at a price point of what used to be 100,000 euros
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μ΄μ œλŠ” 5천 λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ •λ„μ˜ 가격이면,
μ›λž˜ 10만 유둜 ν˜Ήμ€ μˆ˜μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ΄λ˜ 것이 5천 λ‹¬λŸ¬ κ°€λŸ‰μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
05:36
or a couple hundred-thousand dollars.
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κ·Έ 정도 λΉ„μš©μ΄λ©΄ 제 손 μ•ˆμ—
05:38
For about 5,000 dollars,
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05:39
I can have the power of a very powerful diagnostic device in my hand.
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맀우 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 진단 기기의 μ„±λŠ₯을 λ³΄μœ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
Merging this now with the advent of electronic medical records --
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그리고 이λ₯Ό μ „μž 의료 기둝의 μΆœν˜„μ— κ²°λΆ€μ‹œν‚€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
의료 기둝은 미ꡭ의 경우 아직 20νΌμ„ΌνŠΈ 미만이 μ „μ‚°ν™”λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
05:46
in the US, we're still less than 20 percent electronic;
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05:48
here in the Netherlands, I think it's more than 80 percent.
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λ„€λœλž€λ“œλŠ” 80νΌμ„ΌνŠΈ μ •λ„λ‘œ μƒκ°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬ 의료 데이터λ₯Ό λ³‘ν•©ν•˜μ—¬
05:51
Now that we're switching to merging medical data,
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이λ₯Ό μ „μžμ μœΌλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 단계에 있으며
05:53
making it available electronically,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό ν¬λΌμš°λ“œμ†Œμ‹±ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
we can crowd-source the information, and as a physician,
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그리고 μ˜μ‚¬μΈ μ €λŠ” 이제 μ–΄λ””μ„œλ“  νœ΄λŒ€μš© μž₯치λ₯Ό 톡해 제 ν™˜μžμ˜ 데이터에
05:58
I can access my patients' data from wherever I am,
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μ•‘μ„ΈμŠ€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
just through my mobile device.
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06:01
And now, of course, we're in the era of the iPad, even the iPad 2.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ iPad, 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ iPad2의 μ‹œλŒ€μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 λ°”λ‘œ μ§€λ‚œ 달, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μž₯λΉ„λ‘œ
06:05
Just last month,
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06:06
the first FDA-approved application was approved
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방사선과 μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό νŒλ…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
06:08
to allow radiologists to do actual reading on these sorts of devices.
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첫 번째 FDA승인 μ‘μš© ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ μŠΉμΈλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λΆ„λͺ… μ €λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€
06:12
So certainly, the physicians of today, including myself,
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06:14
are completely reliable on these devices.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž₯μΉ˜μ— μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
And as you saw just about a month ago,
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λ˜ν•œ IBM의 Watson(μ—­μ£Ό: μˆ˜νΌμ»΄ν“¨ν„° 이름)이
06:18
Watson from IBM beat the two champions in "Jeopardy."
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Jeopardy(μ—­μ£Ό: ν€΄μ¦ˆ μ‡Ό)μ—μ„œ 두 λͺ…μ˜ 챔피언을 μ΄κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
2~3λ…„ ν›„λ₯Ό ν•œλ²ˆ 상상해 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
06:21
So I want you to imagine when, in a couple of years,
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인λ₯˜κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 기반 정보λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ 
06:23
we've started to apply this cloud-based information,
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인곡 지λŠ₯ μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μΈκ°„μ˜ λ‡Œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄μ „μ—λŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆλ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ
06:26
when we really have the AI physician and leverage our brains to connectivity
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κ²°μ • 및 μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 것과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬
06:29
to make decisions and diagnostics at a level never done.
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μΈκ°„μ˜ λ‡Œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•  지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
Already today, you don't need to go to your physician in many cases.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  이미 λ§Žμ€ 경우 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ£ΌμΉ˜μ˜μ—κ²Œ 직접 갈 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
Only in about 20 percent of visits do you need to lay hands on the patient.
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내원 ν™˜μžμ˜ 20νΌμ„ΌνŠΈ μ •λ„λ§Œμ΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ˜μ‚¬μ˜ μ²˜μΉ˜κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
American Well사가 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œμœ„ μŠ€μΉ΄μ΄ν”„ μœ ν˜•μ˜ μ§„λ£Œμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
06:39
We're now in the era of virtual visits.
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맀우 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 의료 μ›κ²©μ§„λ£Œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ°œλ°œν•œ Cisco사에 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
06:41
From Skype-type visits you can do with American Well,
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06:43
to Cisco, that's developed a very complex health presence system,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ 가상 μ§„λ£Œμ˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
the ability to interact with your health care provider is different.
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의료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ μ œκ³΅μžμ™€ μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯은 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λŠ₯λ ₯은 μž₯λΉ„λ‘œ 인해 λ”μš± μ¦λŒ€λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
And these are being augmented even by our devices, again, today.
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μ—¬κΈ° 제 친ꡬ인 Jessicaκ°€ 제게 μžμ‹ μ˜ 두뢀 열상 사진을 λ³΄λƒˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
06:53
My friend Jessica sent me a picture of her head laceration,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ‘κΈ‰μ‹€λ‘œ 내원할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆκ³ , μ „ 이 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 일뢀 진단이 κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
so I can save her a trip to the emergency room,
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λ˜λŠ” Microsoft Kinect와 같은 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ κ²Œμž„ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
06:58
and do diagnostics that way.
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06:59
Or maybe we can leverage today's gaming technology,
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이λ₯Ό 진단이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ³€μ‘°ν•˜λ©΄,
λ°±λ‹¬λŸ¬μ§œλ¦¬ μž₯λΉ„λ‘œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λ™μž‘ 감지 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
07:02
like the Microsoft Kinect,
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07:03
hack that to enable diagnostics, for example, in diagnosing stroke,
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λ‡Œμ‘Έμ¦μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” λ“±μ˜
μš©λ„λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
using simple motion detection, using $100 devices.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν˜„μž¬ λ‘œλ΄‡ 기술둜 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
07:09
We can actually now visit our patients robotically.
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이것은 RP7μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 만일 μ œκ°€ ν˜ˆμ•‘ μ „λ¬Έμ˜λΌλ©΄
07:12
This is the RP7;
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07:13
if I'm a hematologist, I can visit another clinic or hospital.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 병원을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
07:16
These are being augmented by a whole suite of tools
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀은 이제 κ°€μ •μš© 의료 κΈ°κΈ° νŒ¨ν‚€μ§€λ‘œ λ°œμ „λ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
actually in the home now.
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ν•œλ²ˆ 상상해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 무선 기술 κΈ°λ°˜μ„ κ°–μΆ”κ³  있으며,
07:20
We already have wireless scales.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
You step on the scale, tweet your weight to your friends,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 체쀑을 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ νŠΈμœ—ν•˜λ©΄ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄ 체쀑 관리λ₯Ό λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
they can keep you in line.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² 무선 ν˜ˆμ••κ³„ λ°΄λ“œλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
We have wireless blood pressure cuffs.
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07:27
A whole gamut of technologies are being put together.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  기술이 ν•œλ° κ²°ν•©λœ κ²°κ³Ό
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ°©μš©ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  이제 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λ°΄λ“œ ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ 두λ₯΄λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
Instead of wearing kludgy devices, we put on a simple patch.
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iRhythmμ΄λΌλŠ” 이 μž₯λΉ„λŠ” μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œμ˜ λ™λ£Œκ°€ κ°œλ°œν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
07:33
This was developed at Stanford.
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07:34
It's called iRhythm; it completely supplants the prior technology
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훨씬 μ €λ ΄ν•œ κ°€κ²©μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ „μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜κ³ 
07:37
at a much lower price point, with much more effectivity.
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훨씬 효율적으둜 μž‘λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
We're also in the era today of quantified self.
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λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ μˆ˜μΉ˜ν™”λœ μžμ•„μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ†ŒλΉ„μžλŠ” 기본적으둜 이 μžκ·Έλ§ˆν•œ FitBitκ³Ό 같은
07:43
Consumers now can basically buy $100 devices, like this little Fitbit.
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λ°±λ‹¬λŸ¬μ§œλ¦¬ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
I can measure my steps, my caloric outtake.
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도보 μˆ˜μ™€ μ„­μ·¨ν•œ 칼둜리 수λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
07:48
I can get insight into that on a daily basis
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κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚ μ§œλ³„λ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
and share it with my friends or physician.
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λ˜ν•œ μΉœκ΅¬λ‚˜ μ£ΌμΉ˜μ˜μ™€ κ³΅μœ ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ³ μš”.
07:52
There's watches that measure your heart rate, Zeo sleep monitors,
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μ§€κΈˆ 보고 계신 것은 Zeo 수면 λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ‘œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 심μž₯ 박동 수λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•  κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”,
07:55
a suite of tools that enable you to leverage
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 의료 κΈ°κΈ° νŒ¨ν‚€μ§€λ₯Ό 직접 ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³ 
슀슀둜의 건강에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
and have insight into your own health.
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07:59
As we start to integrate this information,
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λ˜ν•œ 이 정보λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•¨μ— 따라
08:01
we'll know better what to do with it, and have better insight
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이 μ •λ³΄λ‘œ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ™€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ§ˆλ³‘, 의료 및 건강 관리에 λŒ€ν•΄
08:04
into our own pathologies, health and wellness.
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더 잘 이해할 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν˜„μž¬ λ§₯λ°• 수λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ±°μšΈκΉŒμ§€ λ“±μž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
There's even mirrors that can pick up your pulse rate.
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08:09
And I would argue, in the future,
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그리고 μ „ λ―Έλž˜μ— 우리 λͺΈμ„ 맀일 24μ‹œκ°„ λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ν•˜λŠ” 의볡 λ‚΄ 착용 μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό
08:11
we'll have wearable devices in our clothes, monitoring us 24/7.
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κ°–κ²Œ 될 거라고 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
And just like the OnStar system in cars, your red light might go on.
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그리고 μ°¨λŸ‰ OnStar μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ(μ—­μ£Ό: GM의 μžλ™ν™” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ)처럼
빨간색 ν‘œμ‹œλ“±μ΄ λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬ μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ "엔진 점검"을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹Œ
08:18
It won't say "check engine"; it'll be a "check your body" light,
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"검진 μš”λ§" ν‘œμ‹œλ“±μ΄ 될 것이고,
μž₯λΉ„μ—μ„œ λ°”λ‘œ 진단 ν›„ μ²˜μΉ˜ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
and you'll go get it taken care of.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 수 λ…„ 내에 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ±°μšΈμ„ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ 보면
08:23
Probably in a few years,
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08:24
you'll look in your mirror and it'll be diagnosing you.
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거울이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:27
(Laughter)
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08:28
For those of you with kiddos at home,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 가정에 μ–΄λ¦° 아이가 μžˆμœΌμ‹  뢄은
08:30
how would you like a wireless diaper that supports your --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것 보닀 훨씬 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό 지원해 쀄
08:33
(Laughter)
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무선 기술 κΈ°μ €κ·€κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒ 생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
08:34
More information, I think, than you might need,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ€ 이미 우리 κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
but it's going to be here.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 기술과 연결에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ“£κ³  있으며
08:38
Now, we've heard a lot today about technology and connection.
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μ „ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기술 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ”
08:41
And I think some of these technologies
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ν™˜μžμ™€ 보닀 λ°€μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ—°κ²°μ‹œμΌœ 쀄 수 있고
08:43
will enable us to be more connected with our patients, to take more time
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ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ 보닀 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ ν• μ• ν•  수 있으며
08:46
and do the important human-touch elements of medicine,
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이런 λ₯˜μ˜ 기술둜 증강됨에 따라
의료 기술의 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 인간 접촉 뢀뢄을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
as augmented by these technologies.
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08:50
Now, we've talked about augmenting the patient.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν™˜μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ 증강 κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 일뢀 λ‹€λ€˜λŠ”λ°μš”,
μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 증강 κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
08:53
How about augmenting the physician?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ™Έκ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜μ—¬
08:55
We're now in the era of super-enabling the surgeon,
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λ‘œλ΄‡ μ™Έκ³Ό 수술둜 신체 λ‚΄λΆ€λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€
08:57
who can now go into the body and do robotic surgery, which is here today,
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μˆ˜μˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œλŒ€μ— 와 있으며
09:00
at a level that was not really possible even five years ago.
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μ΄λŠ” 5λ…„ μ „κΉŒμ§€λ§Œ 해도 κ²°μ½” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆλ˜
μˆ˜μ€€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
And now this is being augmented with further layers of technology,
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μ΄λŠ” 증강 ν˜„μ‹€κ³Ό 같은 λ”μš± μ§„λ³΄λœ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ 기술둜
μ¦κ°•λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
like augmented reality.
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09:08
So the surgeon can see inside the patient, through their lens,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ™Έκ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” 렌즈λ₯Ό 톡해 ν™˜μž λͺΈ μ•ˆμ„ 듀여닀보고
09:11
where the tumor is, where the blood vessels are.
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어디에 쒅양이 있고 ν˜ˆκ΄€μ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ΄λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬ κ²°μ • 보쑰 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό 톡합될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
This can be integrated with decision support.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‰΄μš•μ˜ μ™Έκ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ μ•”μŠ€ν…Œλ₯΄λ‹΄μ˜ μ™Έκ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
A surgeon in New York can help a surgeon in Amsterdam, for example.
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λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” NOTES(λ…ΈνŠΈ)라고 ν•˜λŠ”
09:19
And we're entering an era of truly scarless surgery called NOTES,
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거의 흉터가 μ—†λŠ” μ™Έκ³Ό 수술의 μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ κ°€κ³  있으며,
09:22
where the robotic endoscope can come out the stomach
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λ‘œλ΄‡ λ‚΄μ‹œκ²½μ΄ μœ„λ₯Ό κΊΌλ‚΄κ³ 
담낭을 μž‘μ•„λ‹ΉκΈΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
and pull out that gallbladder,
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09:26
all in a scarless way and robotically.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 λ‘œλ΄‡μœΌλ‘œ 흉터 없이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이λ₯Ό NOTES라고 ν•˜λ©°
09:29
This is called NOTES, and it's coming -- basically scarless surgery,
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기본적으둜 흉터 μ—†λŠ” μ™Έκ³Ό 수술이
09:32
as mediated by robotic surgery.
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λ‘œλ΄‡ 수술 기ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄ μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
Now, how about controlling other elements?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μ œμ–΄ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
09:36
For those who have disabilities -- the paraplegic,
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μž₯μ• λ₯Ό 가진 λΆ„λ“€, λ§ˆλΉ„ ν™˜μžμ˜ 경우λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄
BCI(λ‡Œ-컴퓨터 μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€)의 μ‹œλŒ€κ°€ λ„λž˜ν•¨μ— 따라
09:39
there's the brain-computer interface, or BCI,
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09:41
where chips have been put on the motor cortex
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μ™„μ „ μ „μ‹  λ§ˆλΉ„ ν™˜μžμ˜ μš΄λ™ ν”Όμ§ˆμ—
칩을 μ΄μ‹ν•˜μ—¬
09:44
of completely quadriplegic patients,
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μ»€μ„œλ‚˜ νœ μ²΄μ–΄ λ˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ— 따라 λ‘œλ΄‡ νŒ”μ„ μ œμ–΄ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
and they can control a cursor or a wheelchair
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09:48
or, potentially, a robotic arm.
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λ˜ν•œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž₯μΉ˜λŠ” 점점 더 μ†Œν˜•ν™”λ˜κ³ 
09:50
These devices are getting smaller
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09:51
and going into more and more of these patients.
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보닀 λ§Žμ€ λ§ˆλΉ„ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ 적용되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
아직 μž„μƒ μ‹€ν—˜ μ€‘μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀을
09:54
Still in clinical trials,
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09:55
but imagine when we can connect these, for example,
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Dean Kamenκ³Ό λ™λ£Œλ“€μ΄ λ§Œλ“ 
09:57
to the amazing bionic limb,
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DEKA Armκ³Ό 같은 λ†€λž„λ§Œν•œ 생체곡학 의수 μ˜μ‘±μ—
09:59
such as the DEKA Arm, built by Dean Kamen and colleagues,
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μ—°κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ„ λ•Œλ₯Ό 상상해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
10:02
which has 17 degrees of motion and freedom,
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DEKA Arm은 17λ„μ˜ λ™μž‘ μžμœ λ„λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  있으며
10:04
and can allow the person who's lost a limb
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사지λ₯Ό μžƒμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 이전보닀 훨씬 높은 μˆ˜μ€€μ˜
10:06
to have much higher dexterity or control than they've had in the past.
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κΈ°λ―Όμ„± λ˜λŠ” μ œμ–΄λ ₯을 κ°–κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
So we're really entering the era of wearable robotics, actually.
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μ‹€λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ°©μš©ν˜• λ‘œλ΄‡ κ³΅ν•™μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ μ§„μž…ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
If you haven't lost a limb but had a stroke,
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사지λ₯Ό μžƒμ€ 적이 μ—†μœΌμ‹œλ‹€λ©΄, κ°€λ Ή 쀑풍이 왔을 μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠.
κ·Έλ•Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 증강 기술 사지λ₯Ό μ°©μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
you can wear these augmented limbs.
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10:16
Or if you're a paraplegic -- I've visited the folks at Berkeley Bionics --
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λ˜λŠ” ν•˜λ°˜μ‹  λ§ˆλΉ„μΌ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ³ μš”. μ œκ°€ eLEGSλ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•œ
Berkley Bionics μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμ™€ κ°™μ΄μš”.
10:20
they've developed eLEGS.
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10:21
I took this video last week.
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μ§€λ‚œ 주에 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ°μ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”, μ—¬κΈ°μ—” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 외골격을 두λ₯Έ μ±„λ‘œ
10:22
Here's a paraplegic patient, walking by strapping on these exoskeletons.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ±·κ³  있던 ν•˜λ°˜μ‹  λ§ˆλΉ„ ν™˜μžκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:26
He's otherwise completely wheelchair-bound.
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그렇지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ κ·ΈλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ νœ μ²΄μ–΄μ— μ˜μ§€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
This is the early era of wearable robotics.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ°©μš©ν˜• λ‘œλ΄‡ 곡학 λ„μž… μ΄ˆκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
And by leveraging these sorts of technologies,
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그리고 μ „ 이런 λ₯˜μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
κ²½μš°μ— λ”°λΌμ„œλŠ” μž₯μ• μ˜ μ •μ˜κ°€ 초인적 λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°–κ²Œ λ˜κ±°λ‚˜
10:33
we're going to change the definition of disability
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신체 κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ¦κ°•μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
to, in some cases, be superability, or super-enabling.
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10:37
This is Aimee Mullins, who lost her lower limbs as a young child,
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μ—¬κΈ΄ 어릴 λ•Œ 닀리λ₯Ό μžƒμ€ Aimee Mullinsκ³Ό
λ“±λ°˜ μ‚¬κ³ λ‘œ 두 닀리λ₯Ό μžƒμ€
10:41
and Hugh Herr, who's a professor at MIT,
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10:43
who lost his limbs in a climbing accident.
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MIT ꡐ수 Hugh Herrμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
And now both of them can climb better, move faster, swim differently
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μ§€κΈˆ 이 두 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λͺ¨λ‘ μ˜μ‘±μ„ 달고 일반 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€
10:48
with their prosthetics than us normal-abled persons.
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더 잘 였λ₯΄κ³ , 더 빨리 움직이며, μ’€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ μˆ˜μ˜μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ‹€λ₯Έ κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ  ν˜„μƒμ€ μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:52
How about other exponentials?
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10:53
Clearly the obesity trend is exponentially going in the wrong direction,
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λΉ„λ§Œ μΆ”μ„ΈλŠ” λΆ„λͺ… λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  λΉ„μš©μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬ 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ λ°©ν–₯으둜
κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
including with huge costs.
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10:58
But the trend in medicine is to get exponentially smaller.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 의료 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œμ˜ μΆ”μ„ΈλŠ” κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μΆ•μ†Œλ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
A few examples: we're now in the era of "Fantastic Voyage," the iPill.
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일뢀 예λ₯Ό 듀어보면, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "인체 νƒν—˜" 즉,
iPill의 μ‹œλŒ€μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
You can swallow this completely integrated device.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 μ™„λ²½ν•œ 기술 집약 μž₯치λ₯Ό 삼킬 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이걸둜 μ†Œν™”κΈ° κ³„ν†΅μ˜ 사진을 찍을 수 있으며,
11:08
It can take pictures of your GI system,
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11:09
help diagnose and treat as it moves through your GI tract.
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μœ„μž₯관을 따라 μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 진단과 처치λ₯Ό λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
We get into even smaller micro-robots
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 훨씬 더 μž‘μ€ 마이크둜 λ‘œλ΄‡μ΄
11:14
that will eventually, autonomously, move through your system,
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ꢁ극적으둜 신체 기관을 따라 λ…μžμ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•˜λ©°
μ™Έκ³Όμ˜μ‚¬κ°€ ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 일을 훨씬 덜 침슡적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ
11:17
and be able to do things surgeons can't do
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ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” μˆ˜μ€€κΉŒμ§€ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
in a much less invasive manner.
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ‘œλ΄‡μ΄ μ†Œν™” κΈ°κ΄€ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μžκ°€ μ‘°λ¦½ν•˜μ—¬
11:21
Sometimes these might self-assemble in your GI system,
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11:23
and be augmented in that reality.
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증강 ν˜„μ‹€μ„ κ΅¬ν˜„ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:25
On the cardiac side, pacemakers are getting smaller
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심μž₯ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ” 심μž₯ 박동 쑰절기λ₯Ό
11:27
and much easier to place,
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μ΄μ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것이 훨씬 μ‰¬μ›Œμ‘Œκ³ 
11:29
so no need to train an interventional cardiologist to place them.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이식을 μœ„ν•΄ μ€‘μž¬ μ‹œμˆ  심μž₯ μ „λ¬Έμ˜λ₯Ό κ΅μœ‘ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ˜ν•œ 심μž₯ 박동 μ‘°μ ˆκΈ°κ°€ λ¬΄μ„ μœΌλ‘œ 원격 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ‹œ λͺ¨λ°”일 기기둜 μ „μ†‘ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ
11:32
And they'll be wirelessly telemetered to your mobile devices,
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자유둭게 λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆκ³  μ›κ²©μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
so you can go places and be monitored remotely.
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11:37
These are shrinking even further.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀은 훨씬 더 μΆ•μ†Œλ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
This one is in prototyping by Medtronic; it's smaller than a penny.
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μ—¬κΈ° Medtronicμ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ‹œν—˜ μ œμž‘ 단계에 μžˆλŠ” 1νŽ˜λ‹ˆ 동전보닀 μž‘μ€ 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
Artificial retinas, the ability to put arrays on the back of the eyeball
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λ°”λ‘œ 인곡 λ§λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μ•ˆκ΅¬ λ’€μͺ½μ— μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 망막 배열을 λ°°μΉ˜ν•˜μ—¬
μ‹œκ° μž₯애인이 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
and allow the blind to see --
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11:47
also in early trials, but moving into the future.
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아직 개발 μ΄ˆκΈ°μ΄μ§€λ§Œ 점점 진보해 κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀은 ν˜μ‹ μ„ κ±°λ“­ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
These are going to be game-changing.
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11:51
Or for those of us who are sighted,
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λ˜λŠ” λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
11:53
how about having the assisted-living contact lens?
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μƒν™œ 보쑰 μ½˜ν…νŠΈ 렌즈λ₯Ό μ°©μš©ν•΄ λ³΄λŠ” 건 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
11:55
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi available -- beams back images to your eye.
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BlueTooth, WiFiκ°€ μ§€μ›λ˜κ³ , 빔이 눈으둜 이미지λ₯Ό λ°˜μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
11:58
(Laughter)
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μ§€κΈˆ ν˜Ήμ‹œ μ‹μ‚¬λŸ‰ μ‘°μ ˆμ— 어렀움을 κ²ͺμœΌμ‹ λ‹€λ©΄
11:59
Now, if you have trouble maintaining your diet,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 칼둜리λ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ„­μ·¨ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μƒκΈ°μ‹œν‚€λŠ”
12:02
it might help to have some extra imagery
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12:03
to remind you how many calories are going to be coming at you.
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좔가적인 μ˜μƒμ„ 보여 쀌으둜써 도움을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:07
How about enabling the pathologist to use their cell phone
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병리학 μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ ν•Έλ“œν°μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜„λ―Έκ²½ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 있고
이 데이터λ₯Ό ν΄λΌμš°λ“œλ‘œ λ„˜κ²¨μ„œ
12:10
to see at a microscopic level
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보닀 λ‚˜μ€ 진단을 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:12
and to lumber that data back to the cloud and make better diagnostics?
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사싀, μž„μƒ 병리학 λΆ„μ•Ό 전체가
12:15
In fact, the whole era of laboratory medicine
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λ³€λͺ¨ν•΄ κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:17
is completely changing.
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12:18
We can now leverage microfluidics,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이제 μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œμ˜ Steve Quakeκ°€ λ§Œλ“ 
12:20
like this chip made by Steve Quake at Stanford.
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이 μΉ©κ³Ό 같은 λ―Έμ„Έ 유체 곡학 κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ―Έμ„Έ 유체 곡학 κΈ°μˆ μ€ 전체 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€ 기술자λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
Microfluidics can replace an entire lab of technicians;
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12:25
put it on a chip, enable thousands of tests at the point of care,
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μ „ 세계 μ–΄λ””μ„œλ‚˜ 수천 건의 ν˜„μž₯ν˜„μ‹œκ²€μ‚¬λ₯Ό
μ‹€μ‹œν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 기술이 μΉ© ν•˜λ‚˜μ— λ“€μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
anywhere in the world.
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λ˜ν•œ 이λ₯Ό 톡해 λ†μ΄Œ 지역민과 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ μ†Œμ™Έ 계측에
12:30
This will really leverage technology to the rural and the underserved
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기술이 μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©λ  것이며
12:33
and enable what used to be thousand-dollar tests to be done for pennies,
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수천 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ“€λ˜ ν˜„μž₯ν˜„μ‹œκ²€μ‚¬λ₯Ό 단 λͺ‡ νŽ˜λ‹ˆλ‘œ
κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:37
and at the point of care.
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μ’€ 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 세뢀적인 λΆ„μ•Όλ‘œ λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ©΄
12:38
If we go down the small pathway a little bit further,
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12:40
we're entering the era of nanomedicine,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 적혈ꡬλ₯Ό λ””μžμΈν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜μ€€κΉŒμ§€
12:42
the ability to make devices super-small,
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μž₯치λ₯Ό μ΄ˆμ†Œν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯인 λ‚˜λ…Έ μ˜ν•™
12:44
to the point where we can design red blood cells
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λ˜λŠ” ν˜ˆκ΄€κ³„λ‚˜ λ©΄μ—­ 체계λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
심지어 동λ§₯μ—μ„œ ν˜ˆμ „μ„ μ œκ±°ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ”
12:47
or microrobots that monitor our blood system or immune system,
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마이크둜 λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ μ§„μž…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
or even those that might clear out the clots from our arteries.
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κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μ ˆκ°λ˜λŠ” λΉ„μš©μ€ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
12:53
Now how about exponentially cheaper?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 의료의 μ‹œλŒ€μ— ν”νžˆ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ
12:55
Not something we usually think about in the era of medicine,
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12:57
but hard disks used to be 3,400 dollars for 10 megabytes -- exponentially cheaper.
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10MB에 3,400λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‚˜ ν–ˆλ˜ ν•˜λ“œ λ””μŠ€ν¬ 가격은 κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λ €κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν˜„μž¬ μœ μ „μ²΄ν•™μ—μ„œλŠ”
13:01
In genomics now, the genome cost about a billion dollars
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10λ…„ μ „μ―€ 졜초둜 λ°œν‘œλ  λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ”
13:04
about 10 years ago, when the first one came out.
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κ²Œλ†ˆ 지도 뢄석 λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ‹­μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— λ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
We're now approaching essentially a $1,000 genome, probably next year.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 거의 천 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— κ·Όμ ‘ν•΄ κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λ‚΄λ…„μ΄λ‚˜ ν›„λ…„ μ―€μ—λŠ” λ°±λ‹¬λŸ¬ 정도가 λ˜κ² μ§€μš”.
13:10
And in two years, a $100 genome.
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λ°±λ‹¬λŸ¬μ§œλ¦¬ κ²Œλ†ˆμœΌλ‘œ 무엇을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
13:11
What will we do with $100 genomes?
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13:13
Soon we'll have millions of these tests available.
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곧 수백만 건의 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 검사가 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:15
Then it gets interesting, when we start to crowd-source that information,
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κ·Έ λ•Œκ°€ λ°”λ‘œ 이 기술이 μ£Όλͺ©μ„ λ°›κ³  이 정보λ₯Ό ν¬λΌμš°λ“œμ†Œμ‹±ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§„μ •ν•œ κ°œμΈν™”λœ 의료의 μ‹œλŒ€μ— μ§„μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
and enter the era of true personalized medicine:
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즉, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ κ°œμΈμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 듣지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ•½λ¬Ό 치료,
13:21
the right drug for the right person at the right time,
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μ†Œμœ„ λŒ€ν‘œ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ νˆ¬μ•½κ³Ό 같은 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ 같은 약을 μ²˜λ°©ν•˜λŠ”
13:24
instead of what we're doing now, which is the same drug for everybody,
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ν˜„μž¬ 우리의 κ΄€ν–‰ λŒ€μ‹ μ—
13:27
blockbuster drug medications, which don't work for the individual.
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μ μ ˆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μ μ ˆν•œ 약을 μ μ‹œμ— μ²˜λ°©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:30
Many different companies are working on leveraging these approaches.
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λ”μš± 더 λ§Žμ€ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 접근법을 ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:33
I'll show you a simple example, from 23andMe again.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 23andMeμ—μ„œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ˜ˆμ‹œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
제 λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” μ œκ°€ μ‹€λͺ…μ˜ 일쒅인 ν™©λ°˜ λ³€μ„±μœΌλ‘œ 진행될
13:36
My data indicates I've got about average risk
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13:38
for developing macular degeneration, a kind of blindness.
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평균 μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μœ„ν—˜λ„λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ 같은 데이터λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  deCODEme에 μ—…λ‘œλ“œν•˜λ©΄
13:41
But if I take that same data, upload it to deCODEme,
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13:43
I can look at my risk for type 2 diabetes; I'm at almost twice the risk.
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예컨데 2ν˜• λ‹Ήλ‡¨λ³‘μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ „ 2ν˜• λ‹Ήλ‡¨λ³‘μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ 거의 2배정도 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ°€λ Ή μ „ 점심 μ‹œκ°„μ— λ””μ €νŠΈλ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 보고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
I might want to watch how much dessert I have at lunch, for example.
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이둜써 제 μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ λ°”κΏ€ 수 있겠죠.
13:51
It might change my behavior.
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13:52
Leveraging my knowledge of my pharmacogenomics:
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제 μ•½λ¬Όμœ μ „μ²΄ν•™ 지식을 ν™œμš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 제 μœ μ „μžκ°€ λ³€ν˜•λ˜κ³  제게 ν•„μš”ν•œ 약은 무엇이고
13:55
how my genes modulate, what my drugs do and what doses I need
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λ³΅μš©λŸ‰μ€ μ–Όλ§ˆμΈμ§€λŠ” 점점 더 μ€‘μš”ν•΄ 질 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
will become increasingly important,
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λ˜ν•œ 개인과 ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ 맑기고 λ‚˜λ©΄
14:00
and once in the hands of individuals and patients,
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보닀 κ°œμ„ λœ μ•½ 볡용 및 선택이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ§ˆ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:02
will make better drug dosing and selection available.
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λ˜ν•œ 이건 단지 μœ μ „μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 볡합적인 정보
14:05
So again, it's not just genes, it's multiple details --
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14:07
our habits, our environmental exposures.
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즉 우리의 μŠ΅κ΄€, ν™˜κ²½μ  λ…ΈμΆœμΈ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ£ΌμΉ˜μ˜κ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³Έ 것이 μ–Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
14:10
When was the last time your doctor asked where you've lived?
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14:12
Geomedicine: where you live, what you've been exposed to,
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ν™˜κ²½ μ˜ν•™ 즉, μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•„μ™”κ³ , 무엇에 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ–΄ μ™”λŠ”μ§€λŠ”
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 건강에 λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:15
can dramatically affect your health.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό 포착할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
We can capture that information.
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14:18
Genomics, proteomics, the environment --
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μœ μ „μ²΄ν•™, λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ²΄ν•™, ν™˜κ²½,
14:20
all this data streaming at us individually and as physicians:
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우리 μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ μ—°μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ²˜λ¦¬λ˜λŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ“  데이터λ₯Ό
κ°œμΈμ μœΌλ‘œλ‚˜ μ˜μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 관리해야 ν• κΉŒμš”?
14:23
How do we manage it?
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14:24
We're now entering the era of systems medicine, systems biology,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ •λ³΄μ˜ 톡합을 μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
14:27
where we can start to integrate all this information.
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ˜ν•™ ν˜Ήμ€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μƒλ¬Όν•™μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ μ§„μž…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨, κ°€λ Ή 단일 검사 μ‹œ
14:30
And by looking at the patterns, for example, in our blood,
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1만 생물 μ§€ν‘œμ˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘μ—μ„œ
14:33
of 10,000 biomarkers in a single test,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž‘μ€ νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ³Ό 수 있으며
14:35
we can look at patterns and detect disease at a much earlier stage.
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훨씬 더 이λ₯Έ μ‹œκΈ°μ— μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ 진단할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:38
This is called by Lee Hood, the father of the field, P4 Medicine.
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이것은 이 λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μ„ κ΅¬μžμΈ Lee Hood에 μ˜ν•΄
P4 μ˜ν•™μœΌλ‘œ λΆˆλ¦¬μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:42
We'll be predictive and know what you're likely to have.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 예츑 κ°€λŠ₯(Predictive) 즉, μ–΄λ–€ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— 걸리기 μ‰¬μš΄μ§€ μ•Œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:44
We can be preventative; that prevention can be personalized.
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λ˜ν•œ 예방이 κ°€λŠ₯(Preventative)ν•˜κ³ , 이 예방이 κ°œμΈν™”(Personalized)될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:47
More importantly, it'll be increasingly participatory.
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그리고 보닀 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μ°Έμ—¬(Participatory)κ°€ 점점 더 증가될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Patients Like Me와 같은 μ›Ή μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ₯Ό 톡해
14:50
Through websites like PatientsLikeMe
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λ˜λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 데이터λ₯Ό Microsoft HealthVaultλ‚˜ Google Healthμ—μ„œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬
14:52
or managing your data on Microsoft HealthVault or Google Health,
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이λ₯Ό 참여적 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν•¨κ»˜ ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이
14:55
leveraging this together in participatory ways
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점점 더 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:57
will be increasingly important.
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14:58
I'll finish up with exponentially better.
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이제 κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μΈ κ°œμ„ μœΌλ‘œ λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
We'd like to get therapies better and more effective.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 λ‚˜μ€ 치료λ₯Ό 더 효율적으둜 λ°›κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν˜„μž¬ κ³ ν˜ˆμ••μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ•Œμ•½μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
15:03
Today we treat high blood pressure mostly with pills.
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만일 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒˆ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό 가지고
15:05
What if we take a new device,
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ν˜ˆμ••μ„ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” μ‹ κ²½ ν˜ˆκ΄€μ„ λš«μ–΄
15:07
knock out the nerve vessels that help mediate blood pressure,
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ν•œ 번의 처치둜 κ³ ν˜ˆμ••μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ.
15:10
and in a single therapy, basically cure hypertension?
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15:12
This is a new device doing essentially that.
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이것이 근본적으둜 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 일을 ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μž₯μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:14
It should be on the market in a year or two.
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이 μž₯λΉ„λŠ” 1~2λ…„ 내에 μ‹œμ€‘μ— λ‚˜μ˜¬ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•”μ˜ 치료 λŒ€μƒμ„ 보닀 μ§‘μ€‘ν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ€ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
15:17
How about more targeted therapies for cancer?
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ μ•” μ „λ¬Έμ˜μ΄κ³ ,
15:19
I'm an oncologist and know that most of what we give is essentially poison.
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저희가 μ²˜λ°©ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ μ‹€μ œ 독성 λ¬Όμ§ˆμž„μ„ λ§μ”€λ“œλ €μ•Ό κ² λ„€μš”.
15:22
We learned at Stanford and other places that we can discover cancer stem cells,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œμ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ 연ꡬ해 μ™”κ³ 
μ•” 재발과 맀우 λ°€μ ‘ν•œ 관련이 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”
15:26
the ones that seem to be really responsible for disease relapse.
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μ•” 쀄기 세포λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:29
So if you think of cancer as a weed,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 암을 μž‘μ΄ˆμ™€ 같이 생각해 보신닀면
15:31
we often can whack the weed away and it seems to shrink,
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λ§Žμ€ 경우 우린 κ·Έ 작초λ₯Ό 뽑아버릴 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μž‘μ΄ˆλŠ” 쀄어든 것 κ°™μ•„ 보이닀가도 μ’…μ’… λ‹€μ‹œ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
but it often comes back.
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15:35
So we're attacking the wrong target.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 잘λͺ»λœ λŒ€μƒμ„ κ³΅κ²©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:37
The cancer stem cells remain,
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μ•” 쀄기 μ„Έν¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 남아 있으며
15:39
and the tumor can return months or years later.
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쒅양은 μˆ˜κ°œμ›” λ˜λŠ” μˆ˜λ…„ 후에 λ‹€μ‹œ μžλΌλ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:41
We're now learning to identify the cancer stem cells
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ν˜„μž¬ μ €ν¬λŠ” μ•” 쀄기 세포λ₯Ό μ‹λ³„ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό 치료 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‹λ³„ν•˜μ—¬
15:43
and identify those as targets and go for the long-term cure.
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μž₯기적인 μΉ˜λ£Œμ— λ„μ „ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ“  데이터λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³ 
15:47
We're entering the era of personalized oncology,
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쒅양을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬
15:49
the ability to leverage all of this data together,
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κ°œλ³„ ν™˜μžμš© 특수 처방 약물을 κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯인
15:51
analyze the tumor
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15:52
and come up with a real, specific cocktail for the individual patient.
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κ°œμΈν™”λœ μ’…μ–‘ν•™μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ μ§„μž…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이제 μž¬μƒ μ˜ν•™μœΌλ‘œ λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:56
I'll close with regenerative medicine.
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μ €λŠ” 쀄기 세포에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•΄μ™”λŠ”λ°μš”,
15:58
I've studied a lot about stem cells.
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15:59
Embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.
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λ°°μ•„ 쀄기 μ„Έν¬λŠ” 특히 더 κ°•λ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺΈ 전체에 성인 쀄기 세포도 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:02
We have adult stem cells throughout our body;
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μ €ν¬λŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 쀄기 세포λ₯Ό 제 골수 이식 뢄야에 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:04
we use those in bone marrow transplantation.
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Geronμ‚¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ°”λ‘œ μ§€λ‚œ ν•΄
16:06
Geron, last year, started the first trial using human embryonic stem cells
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인간 λ°°μ•„ 쀄기 세포λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
μ²™μˆ˜ μ‹ κ²½ λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 첫 번째 μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:10
to treat spinal cord injuries.
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16:11
Still a phase I trial, but evolving.
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아직은 μ‹œλ„ λ‹¨κ³„μ΄μ§€λ§Œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:13
We've been using adult stem cells in clinical trials for about 15 years
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 성인 쀄기 세포λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ μ™”λŠ”λ°μš”,
전체 λ²”μœ„μ˜ 주제, 특히 μ‹¬ν˜ˆκ΄€κ³„ μ§ˆν™˜ λ¬Έμ œμ— μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
16:17
to approach a whole range of topics, particularly cardiovascular disease.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ•½15λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μž„μƒ μ‹€ν—˜ μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ˜ν•œ 저희듀 슀슀둜의 골수 세포λ₯Ό μ±„μ·¨ν•˜μ—¬
16:21
If we take our own bone marrow cells and treat a patient with a heart attack,
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심μž₯λ§ˆλΉ„λ₯Ό κ²ͺ은 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
심μž₯λ§ˆλΉ„ 후에 골수 세포λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μž 심μž₯ κΈ°λŠ₯이 훨씬 쒋아지고
16:25
we can see much improved heart function and better survival
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16:27
using our own bone marrow derived cells after a heart attack.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μƒμ‘΄μœ¨μ΄ 높아짐을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:30
I invented a device called the MarrowMiner,
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μ „ μ΅œμ†Œ 침슡적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 골수λ₯Ό μ±„μ·¨ν•˜λŠ”
MarrowMiner라고 ν•˜λŠ” μž₯치λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
16:33
a much less invasive way for harvesting bone marrow.
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이 μž₯μΉ˜λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ FDA 승인 쀑이며
16:35
It's now been FDA approved; hopefully on the market in the next year.
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λ‚΄λ…„ μ―€μ—λŠ” μ‹œμ€‘μ— λ‚˜μ˜¬ 수 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:38
Hopefully you can appreciate the device
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν™˜μžμ˜ λͺΈμ„ 따라 곑선을 그리고
16:40
going through the patient's body removing bone marrow, not with 200 punctures,
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200개 λ‚΄μ™Έμ˜ ꡬ멍을 λš«λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  κ΅­μ†Œ λ§ˆμ·¨ν•˜μ—μ„œ 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ꡬ멍만 λš«μ–΄μ„œ
ν™˜μžμ˜ 골수λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” μž₯치의 ν˜œνƒμ„ 받을 수 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:44
but with a single puncture, under local anesthesia.
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쀄기 세포 μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ” μ‹€μ œ μ–΄λ””κΉŒμ§€ κ°€κ³  μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
16:46
Where is stem-cell therapy going?
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사싀 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺΈ μ•ˆμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ„Έν¬λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ νƒœμ•„μΌ λ•Œ κ°–κ³  있던 것과
16:48
If you think about it,
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16:49
every cell in your body has the same DNA you had when you were an embryo.
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λ™μΌν•œ DNAλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν”ΌλΆ€ 세포λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°ν•˜μ—¬
16:53
We can now reprogram your skin cells
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 만λŠ₯ λ°°μ•„ 쀄기 세포와 같은 κΈ°λŠ₯을 ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³ 
16:55
to actually act like a pluripotent embryonic stem cell
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이λ₯Ό 잠재적으둜 동일 ν™˜μžμ˜ 볡수 κΈ°κ΄€ 배양에 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:58
and utilize those, potentially, to treat multiple organs in the same patient,
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즉, μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ κ°œμΈν™”λœ 쀄기 세포 생산 라인을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
17:01
making personalized stem cell lines.
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그리고 μ „ λ―Έλž˜μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ λ•Œμ— μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‹ μ˜
17:03
I think there'll be a new era of your own stem cell banking
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심μž₯세포, κ·Όμœ‘μ„Έν¬ 및 신경세포λ₯Ό 냉동 μž₯μΉ˜μ— λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜λŠ”
17:06
to have in the freezer your own cardiac cells, myocytes and neural cells
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ 쀄기 세포 은행 μ‹œλŒ€κ°€
17:09
to use them in the future, should you need them.
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λ„λž˜ν•  거라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:12
We're integrating this now with a whole era of cellular engineering,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ 이λ₯Ό μ™„μ „ν•œ νœ΄λŒ€ν° μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ§μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ— ν†΅ν•©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 기본적으둜 3D 신체 κΈ°κ΄€ 인쇄에
17:15
and integrating exponential technologies for essentially 3D organ printing,
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κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ  κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν†΅ν•©ν•˜μ—¬
ν•Έλ“œν°μ΄ μž‰ν¬λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜κ³ 
17:19
replacing the ink with cells,
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17:20
and essentially building and reconstructing a 3D organ.
420
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3D 신체 κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ ν˜•μƒμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:23
That's where things are heading.
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이것이 ν˜„μž¬ 기술이 λ°œμ „ν•΄κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ°©ν–₯이며, 아직 초기 단계에 λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:25
Still very early days,
422
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ  기술의 ν†΅ν•©μ²˜λŸΌ
17:26
but I think, as integration of exponential technologies,
423
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이건 ν•œ μ˜ˆμ— λΆˆκ³Όν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:29
this is the example.
424
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 기술 νŠΈλ Œλ“œμ™€
17:30
So in closing, as you think about technology trends
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17:32
and how to impact health and medicine,
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건강 및 μ˜λ£Œμ— 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
17:34
we're entering an era of miniaturization,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œν˜•ν™”, λΆ„μ‚° 및 κ°œμΈν™”μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ
17:36
decentralization and personalization.
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μ§„μž…ν•΄ 갈 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:38
And by pulling these things together,
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그리고 μ „ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀을 ν•œλ° λͺ¨μŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨
17:40
if we start to think about how to understand and leverage them,
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이λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해보기 μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν™˜μžμ˜ 신체 κΈ°λŠ₯을 높이고,
17:43
we're going to empower the patient, enable the doctor, enhance wellness
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μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ λŠ₯λ ₯을 λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³ , 건강을 μ¦μ§„μ‹œν‚€λ©°
μ•„ν”„κΈ° 전에 건강 관리λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ²Œ 될 거라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:47
and begin to cure the well before they get sick.
432
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17:49
Because I know as a doctor, if someone comes to me with stage I disease,
433
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ˜μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ μ „ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ 1κΈ° μƒνƒœλ‘œ 제게 였면 μ „μœ¨μ„ λŠλΌλŠ”λ°μš”,
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우 μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ κ°€λŠ₯함을 μ•ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:53
I'm thrilled; we can often cure them.
434
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17:54
But often it's too late,
435
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ’…μ’… λ„ˆλ¬΄ λŠ¦μ€ 경우, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 3κΈ° ν˜Ήμ€ 4κΈ° 암인 κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:56
and it's stage III or IV cancer, for example.
436
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν•¨κ»˜ ν™œμš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
17:58
So by leveraging these technologies together,
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μ „ μ œκ°€ 0κΈ° μ˜ν•™μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄κ³ ν”ˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ
18:00
I think we'll enter a new era that I like to call stage 0 medicine.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§„μž…ν•˜κ²Œ 될 거라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:03
And as a cancer doctor, I'm looking forward to being out of a job.
439
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그리고 μ•” μ „λ¬Έμ˜λ‘œμ„œ, μ œκ°€ 싀직할 날이 였길 바라고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:06
Thanks very much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:08
(Applause)
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μ§„ν–‰μž: κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:10
Host: Thank you. Thank you.
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18:11
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
18:13
Take a bow, take a bow.
444
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μΈμ‚¬ν•˜μ„Έμš”. μΈμ‚¬ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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