Rebecca Onie: What if our healthcare system kept us healthy?

153,485 views ใƒป 2012-06-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: eva green ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
So my freshman year of college
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื”
00:17
I signed up for an internship in the housing unit
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ื ืจืฉืžืชื™ ืœืกื˜ื–' ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืช
00:19
at Greater Boston Legal Services.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
00:22
Showed up the first day
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ื”ื•ืคืขืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
00:23
ready to make coffee and photocopies,
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ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืงืคื” ื•ืœืฉื›ืคืœ,
00:26
but was paired with this righteous, deeply inspired attorney
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืฆืžื“ืชื™ ืขื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืžืœื ื”ืฉืจืื”
00:30
named Jeff Purcell,
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ืฉืฉืžื• ื’'ืฃ ืคื•ืจืกืœ,
00:32
who thrust me onto the front lines
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ืฉื“ื—ืฃ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื™ืจื™
00:34
from the very first day.
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ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
00:36
And over the course of nine months
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
00:38
I had the chance
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
00:39
to have dozens of conversations
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ืœืขืจื•ืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช
00:41
with low-income families in Boston
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ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ
00:43
who would come in presenting with housing issues,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ,
00:47
but always had an underlying health issue.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืกืชืชืจื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
00:50
So I had a client who came in,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœืงื•ื— ืฉื ื›ื ืก,
00:52
about to be evicted because he hasn't paid his rent.
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ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื’ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉื™ืœื ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื”.
00:54
But he hasn't paid his rent, of course,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉื™ืœื ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
00:57
because he's paying for his HIV medication
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก.
00:59
and just can't afford both.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื.
01:01
We had moms who would come in,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช,
01:03
daughter has asthma,
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ืœื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ืืกื˜ืžื”,
01:04
wakes up covered in cockroaches every morning.
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ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ื’'ื•ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
01:07
And one of our litigation strategies
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•
01:09
was actually to send me into the home of these clients
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
01:12
with these large glass bottles.
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ืขื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช,
01:14
And I would collect the cockroaches,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืกืคืช ืืช ื”ื’'ื•ืงื™ื,
01:16
hot glue-gun them to this poster board
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ืžื“ื‘ื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื ืขื ื“ื‘ืง ื—ื ืœืœื•ื—
01:19
that we'd bring to court for our cases.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
01:21
And we always won
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ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฆื—ื ื•
01:22
because the judges were just so grossed out.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื’ืขืœื™ื.
01:25
Far more effective, I have to say,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ,
01:27
than anything I later learned in law school.
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ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
01:30
But over the course of these nine months,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
01:33
I grew frustrated with feeling
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ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœืช ื›ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™
01:34
like we were intervening too far downstream
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช
01:37
in the lives of our clients --
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื--
01:40
that by the time they came to us,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื ื•,
01:41
they were already in crisis.
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ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
01:44
And at the end of my freshman year of college,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื”,
01:46
I read an article about the work
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืžืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
01:48
that Dr. Barry Zuckerman was doing
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ืฉื“"ืจ ื‘ืืจื™ ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ ืขืฉื”
01:50
as Chair of Pediatrics
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ื›ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื
01:52
at Boston Medical Center.
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
01:53
And his first hire was a legal services attorney
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ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืขืกื™ืง ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ
01:56
to represent the patients.
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ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื.
01:58
So I called Barry,
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ืื– ื”ืชืงืฉืจืชื™ ืœื‘ืืจื™,
02:00
and with his blessing, in October 1995
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ื•ืขื ื‘ืจื›ืชื•, ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1995
02:02
walked into the waiting room
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ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžืชื ื”
02:04
of the pediatrics clinic at Boston Medical Center.
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืžืจืคืื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
02:07
I'll never forget,
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ืื ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฉื›ื—,
02:09
the TVs played this endless reel of cartoons.
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ืืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืกื•ืฃ
02:12
And the exhaustion of mothers
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ื•ื”ืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื”ื•ืช
02:15
who had taken two, three, sometimes four buses
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ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื
02:18
to bring their child to the doctor
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืจื•ืคื
02:20
was just palpable.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
02:22
The doctors, it seemed,
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ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื›ืš ื ืจืื”,
02:23
never really had enough time for all the patients,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื,
02:25
try as they might.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื ื™ืกื•.
02:26
And over the course of six months,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
02:27
I would corner them in the hallway
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชื•ืคืกืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ
02:29
and ask them a sort of naive but fundamental question:
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ื•ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื•ืชื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช:
02:33
"If you had unlimited resources,
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"ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœื”,
02:35
what's the one thing you would give your patients?"
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ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื?"
02:38
And I heard the same story again and again,
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ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
02:41
a story we've heard hundreds of times since then.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืžืื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืื–.
02:44
They said, "Every day we have patients that come into the clinic --
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœืžืจืคืื”--
02:48
child has an ear infection,
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ืœื™ืœื“ ื™ืฉ ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ,
02:49
I prescribe antibiotics.
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืจืฉื ืœืื ื˜ื ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
02:51
But the real issue is there's no food at home.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
02:54
The real issue
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
02:56
is that child is living with 12 other people
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ื—ื™ ืขื ืขื•ื“ 12 ืื ืฉื™ื
02:58
in a two-bedroom apartment.
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ื‘ื“ื™ืจืช ืฉื ื™ ื—ื“ืจื™ื.
02:59
And I don't even ask about those issues
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฉื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช
03:01
because there's nothing I can do.
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:04
I have 13 minutes with each patient.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ 13 ื“ืงื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.
03:06
Patients are piling up in the clinic waiting room.
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ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื ืขืจืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื”.
03:08
I have no idea where the nearest food pantry is.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื™ืคื” ืžื–ื•ื•ื” ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
03:11
And I don't even have any help."
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืขื–ืจื”."
03:13
In that clinic, even today,
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ื‘ืžืจืคืื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื,
03:15
there are two social workers
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช
03:16
for 24,000 pediatric patients,
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ืœื›ืœ 24,000 ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
03:19
which is better than a lot of the clinics out there.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
03:22
So Health Leads was born of these conversations --
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ืื– ."ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”" ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• --
03:25
a simple model
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜
03:26
where doctors and nurses
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ืฉืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช
03:28
can prescribe nutritious food,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืžืจืฉืžื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœ ืžื–ื™ืŸ,
03:30
heat in the winter
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ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ
03:31
and other basic resources for their patients
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
03:34
the same way they prescribe medication.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืจืฉื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
03:36
Patients then take their prescriptions
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ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืฉืžื™ื
03:38
to our desk in the clinic waiting room
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ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื”
03:41
where we have a core of well-trained college student advocates
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ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื›ืฉืจื”
03:45
who work side by side with these families
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
03:47
to connect them out
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื
03:48
to the existing landscape of community resources.
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ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื.
03:52
So we began with a card table in the clinic waiting room --
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžืชื ื”-
03:55
totally lemonade stand style.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืขืžื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื ื“ื”.
03:57
But today we have a thousand college student advocates
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืœืฃ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื
04:01
who are working to connect nearly 9,000 patients and their families
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื›ืžืขื˜ 9,000 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื
04:05
with the resources that they need to be healthy.
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ืขื ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
04:08
So 18 months ago
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ืื– ืœืคื ื™ 18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
04:10
I got this email that changed my life.
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ืงื‘ืœืชื™ ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™
04:12
And the email was from Dr. Jack Geiger,
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ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“"ืจ ื’'ืง ื’ื™ื™ื’ืจ,
04:15
who had written to congratulate me on Health Leads
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ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื™ ืขืœ "ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”"
04:18
and to share, as he said,
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ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
04:19
a bit of historical context.
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ืงืฆืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™.
04:22
In 1965 Dr. Geiger founded
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ื‘1965 ื“"ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื’ืจ ื™ื™ืกื“
04:25
one of the first two community health centers in this country,
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ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช,
04:28
in a brutally poor area in the Mississippi Delta.
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืขื•ื ื™ ืžื—ืคื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืกื™ืกื™ืคื™.
04:31
And so many of his patients came in
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ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื•
04:33
presenting with malnutrition
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ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืชืช ืชื–ื•ื ื”
04:35
that be began prescribing food for them.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชืช ืžืจืฉืžื™ื ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ.
04:38
And they would take these prescriptions to the local supermarket,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืฉืžื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ืช
04:41
which would fill them
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ืฉืฉื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืฉืžื™ื
04:42
and then charge the pharmacy budget of the clinic.
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ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืงื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื”.
04:45
And when the Office of Economic Opportunity in Washington, D.C. --
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ --
04:48
which was funding Geiger's clinic --
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ืฉืžื™ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื™ื’ืจ --
04:50
found out about this,
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ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ื–ื”,
04:51
they were furious.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืกืขืจื™ื.
04:52
And they sent this bureaucrat down
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ื•ื”ื ืฉืœื—ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜
04:54
to tell Geiger that he was expected to use their dollars
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ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื’ื™ื™ื’ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
04:57
for medical care --
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ --
04:58
to which Geiger famously and logically responded,
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ื•ืœื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื• ื’ื™ื™ื’ืจ ืขื ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
05:02
"The last time I checked my textbooks,
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"ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
05:04
the specific therapy for malnutrition was food."
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ."
05:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:10
So when I got this email from Dr. Geiger,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“"ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื’ืจ,
05:13
I knew I was supposed to be proud
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืื”
05:15
to be part of this history.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช jkืง ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
05:17
But the truth is
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื
05:18
I was devastated.
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ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจืชื™.
05:20
Here we are,
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ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื•
05:21
45 years after Geiger has prescribed food for his patients,
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45 ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื™ื™ื’ืจ ื ืชื• ืžืจืฉืžื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื•,
05:25
and I have doctors telling me,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™,
05:27
"On those issues, we practice a 'don't ask, don't tell' policy."
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"ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื• ืื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”'ืœื ืฉื•ืืœ ืœื ืžื’ืœื”'"
05:31
Forty-five years after Geiger,
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ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื’ืจ,
05:34
Health Leads has to reinvent
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"ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”" ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ
05:35
the prescription for basic resources.
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ืืช ื”ืžืจืฉื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื.
05:38
So I have spent hours upon hours
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ืื– ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืขื•ืช
05:41
trying to make sense of this weird Groundhog Day.
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
05:45
How is it that if for decades
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช
05:47
we had a pretty straightforward tool for keeping patients,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื›ืœื™ ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื
05:50
and especially low-income patients, healthy,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืงืฉื™ื™ ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื,
05:52
that we didn't use it?
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ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื•?
05:54
If we know what it takes to have a healthcare system
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ื•ืื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
05:57
rather than a sick-care system,
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™,
06:00
why don't we just do it?
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ืœืžื” ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช?
06:02
These questions, in my mind,
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ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™,
06:04
are not hard because the answers are complicated,
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ืื™ื ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
06:07
they are hard because they require that we be honest with ourselves.
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ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื ื™ื.
06:12
My belief is that it's almost too painful
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ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื›ื•ืื‘ ืžื™ื“ื™
06:15
to articulate our aspirations for our healthcare system,
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ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
06:19
or even admit that we have any at all.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืœื”.
06:21
Because if we did,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช,
06:23
they would be so removed
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื
06:24
from our current reality.
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ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
06:26
But that doesn't change my belief
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™
06:29
that all of us, deep inside,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื,
06:32
here in this room and across this country,
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ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช,
06:36
share a similar set of desires.
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ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
06:39
That if we are honest with ourselves
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ื•ืื ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื™ื ืขื ืขืฆืžื ื•
06:41
and listen quietly,
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ื•ื ืงืฉื™ื‘,
06:43
that we all harbor
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืœื‘
06:45
one fiercely held aspiration for our healthcare:
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ืฉืื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•:
06:49
that it keep us healthy.
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ืฉืชืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
06:51
This aspiration that our healthcare keep us healthy
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ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืชืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื
06:55
is an enormously powerful one.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ืžืื•ื“.
06:57
And the way I think about this
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”
07:00
is that healthcare is like any other system.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื—ืจืช.
07:02
It's just a set of choices that people make.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
07:04
What if we decided
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ื•ืื ื ื—ืœื™ื˜
07:06
to make a different set of choices?
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช?
07:09
What if we decided to take all the parts of healthcare
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ื•ืื ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
07:12
that have drifted away from us
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ืฉืฉื˜ื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื™ืชื ื•
07:13
and stand firm and say, "No.
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ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืื™ืชื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ "ืœื!
07:16
These things are ours.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉืœื ื•.
07:18
They will be used for our purposes.
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ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืžืฉื• ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
07:20
They will be used to realize
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ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืžืฉื• ืœืžืžืฉ
07:22
our aspiration"?
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ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•"?
07:24
What if everything we needed
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ืžื” ืื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
07:26
to realize our aspiration for healthcare
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ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
07:28
was right there in front of us
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ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•
07:29
just waiting to be claimed?
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ืจืง ืžื—ื›ื” ืฉื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•?
07:31
So that's where Health Leads began.
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ืื– ืคื” "ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”" ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”.
07:33
We started with the prescription pad --
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ืคื ืงืกื™ ืžืจืฉืžื™ื --
07:35
a very ordinary piece of paper --
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ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœื” --
07:37
and we asked, not what do patients need to get healthy --
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ื•ืฉืืœื ื•, ืœื ืžื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื --
07:41
antibiotics, an inhaler, medication --
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ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”, ืžืฉืืฃ, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช --
07:44
but what do patients need to be healthy,
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ืืœื ืžื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื,
07:47
to not get sick in the first place?
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ื•ืœื ืœื—ืœื•ืช ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”?
07:50
And we chose to use the prescription
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ื•ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืจืฉื
07:52
for that purpose.
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ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช.
07:53
So just a few miles from here
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ืื– ืจืง ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ
07:54
at Children's National Medical Center,
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื,
07:56
when patients come into the doctor's office,
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ื›ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืจื•ืคื,
07:59
they're asked a few questions.
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ื”ื ื ืฉืืœื™ื ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช.
08:00
They're asked, "Are you running out of food at the end of the month?
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ื”ื ื ืฉืืœื™ื "ืื ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ื–ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ?
08:03
Do you have safe housing?"
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—?"
08:04
And when the doctor begins the visit,
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ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ืคืื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ,
08:07
she knows height, weight, is there food at home,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžืฉืงืœ, ื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
08:09
is the family living in a shelter.
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ืื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื—ืกื”.
08:11
And that not only leads to a better set of clinical choices,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจืคืืชื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:14
but the doctor can also prescribe those resources for the patient,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืชืช ืžืจืฉืžื™ื ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืืœื• ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ,
08:18
using Health Leads like any other sub-specialty referral.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘"ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”" ื›ื”ืคื ื™ื”.
08:22
The problem is,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื,
08:24
once you get a taste of what it's like
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ื›ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื”
08:26
to realize your aspiration for healthcare,
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ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
08:28
you want more.
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืขื•ื“.
08:30
So we thought,
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•,
08:31
if we can get individual doctors
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื
08:32
to prescribe these basic resources for their patients,
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ืœืชืช ืžืจืฉืžื™ื ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
08:35
could we get an entire healthcare system
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”
08:38
to shift its presumption?
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ืฉืชืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœื”?
08:41
And we gave it a shot.
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ืื– ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•.
08:42
So now at Harlem Hospital Center
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืจืœื
08:43
when patients come in with an elevated body mass index,
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ื›ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืขื ืžื“ื“ ืžืกืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
08:47
the electronic medical record
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ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื
08:49
automatically generates a prescription for Health Leads.
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ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื ื•ืชื™ื ืžืจืฉื ืœ"ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”".
08:53
And our volunteers can then work with them
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ื•ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื
08:54
to connect patients to healthy food and excercise programs
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืžืœื•ืช
08:58
in their communities.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
08:59
We've created a presumption
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื—ื–ืงื”
09:00
that if you're a patient at that hospital
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ืฉืื ืืชื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื”
09:02
with an elevated BMI,
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ืขื ืžื“ื“ ืžืกืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
09:03
the four walls of the doctor's office
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ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืจื•ืคื
09:06
probably aren't going to give you everything
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื™ืกืคืงื• ืืช ื›ืœ
09:07
you need to be healthy.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื.
09:09
You need more.
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:10
So on the one hand,
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ืื– ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“
09:11
this is just a basic recoding
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™
09:12
of the electronic medical record.
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ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืคื•ืื™ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™.
09:14
And on the other hand,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™,
09:16
it's a radical transformation
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™
09:17
of the electronic medical record
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™
09:20
from a static repository of diagnostic information
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ืžื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื“ื™ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™
09:23
to a health promotion tool.
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ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
09:26
In the private sector,
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ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™,
09:27
when you squeeze that kind of additional value
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ
09:30
out of a fixed-cost investment,
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ืžื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”,
09:32
it's called a billion-dollar company.
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ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืžืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
09:34
But in my world,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™,
09:36
it's called reduced obesity and diabetes.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ื•ืกื›ืจืช.
09:39
It's called healthcare --
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช --
09:41
a system where doctors can prescribe solutions
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
09:44
to improve health,
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ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
09:46
not just manage disease.
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื—ืœื”.
09:48
Same thing in the clinic waiting room.
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื”.
09:49
So every day in this country
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ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
09:51
three million patients
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื
09:52
pass through about 150,000 clinic waiting rooms in this country.
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ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขืจืš 150,000 ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืžืจืคืื•ืช.
09:57
And what do they do when they're there?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืฉื?
09:59
They sit, they watch the goldfish in the fish tank,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื’ื™ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื,
10:02
they read extremely old copies
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ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื
10:05
of Good Housekeeping magazine.
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ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื.
10:07
But mostly we all just sit there forever, waiting.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืขื“, ืžื—ื›ื™ื.
10:10
How did we get here
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ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”
10:12
where we devote hundreds of acres and thousands of hours
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืžืื•ืช ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ื•ืืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืช
10:15
to waiting?
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ืœื”ืžืชื ื”?
10:17
What if we had a waiting room
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžืชื ื”
10:18
where you don't just sit when you're sick,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืœื ืจืง ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืœื”,
10:20
but where you go to get healthy.
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ืืœื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:22
If airports can become shopping malls
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ืื ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื
10:25
and McDonald's can become playgrounds,
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ื•ืžืง'ื“ื•ืœื ื“ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื’ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื,
10:27
surely we can reinvent the clinic waiting room.
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ื‘ื˜ื— ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื”.
10:31
And that's what Health Leads has tried to do,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉ"ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”" ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
10:33
to reclaim that real estate and that time
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ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
10:35
and to use it as a gateway
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืขืจ
10:37
to connect patients
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื
10:38
to the resources they need to be healthy.
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ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
10:40
So it's a brutal winter in the Northeast,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืงืฉื” ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—,
10:42
your kid has asthma, your heat just got turned off,
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ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื™ืฉ ืืกื˜ืžื”, ื›ื™ื‘ื• ืœืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ื,
10:44
and of course you're in the waiting room of the ER,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ,
10:47
because the cold air triggered your child's asthma.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืš.
10:49
But what if instead of waiting for hours anxiously,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืขื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ,
10:52
the waiting room became the place
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ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื
10:54
where Health Leads turned your heat back on?
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ืฉ"ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”" ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœืš ืžื—ื“ืฉ?
10:57
And of course all of this requires
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ
10:58
a broader workforce.
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ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:00
But if we're creative, we already have that too.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืืช ื–ื”.
11:03
We know that our doctors and nurses
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช
11:06
and even social workers
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืขื•"ืกื™ื
11:07
aren't enough,
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ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื,
11:09
that the ticking minutes of health care
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ื•ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
11:10
are too constraining.
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ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
11:12
Health just takes more time.
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ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ.
11:14
It requires a non-clinical army
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฆื‘ื ืœื ืจืคื•ืื™
11:17
of community health workers and case managers
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ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืืจื’ื ื™ ืชื™ืงื™ื
11:19
and many others.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
11:21
What if a small part of that next healthcare workforce
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืื”
11:24
were the 11 million college students in this country?
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ื”ื™ื• ื”11 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช?
11:28
Unencumbered by clinical responsibilities,
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ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื”,
11:31
unwilling to take no for an answer
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ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ "ืœื" ื›ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
11:33
from those bureaucracies
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ืžื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
11:35
that tend to crush patients,
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ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื,
11:37
and with an unparalleled ability
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ื•ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช
11:39
for information retrieval
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ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื™ื“ืข
11:40
honed through years of using Google.
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ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื.
11:43
Now lest you think it improbable
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™
11:46
that a college volunteer
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ืฉืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘
11:47
can make this kind of commitment,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช
11:49
I have two words for you:
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื:
11:51
March Madness.
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ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืจืฅ.
11:53
The average NCAA Division I men's basketball player
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ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
11:57
dedicates 39 hours a week to his sport.
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ืžืฉืงื™ืข 39 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื•.
12:00
Now we may think that's good or bad,
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ื•ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
12:02
but in either case it's real.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
12:05
And Health Leads is based on the presumption
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ื•"ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”" ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืงื ื”
12:07
that for too long
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ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ
12:09
we have asked too little of our college students
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ื“ืจืฉื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
12:11
when it comes to real impact in vulnerable communities.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”.
12:15
College sports teams say,
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ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช,
12:16
"We're going to take dozens of hours
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ืงื— ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช
12:18
at some field across campus at some ungodly hour of the morning
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ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืงืžืคื•ืก ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืœื ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ
12:22
and we're going to measure your performance, and your team's performance,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœืš ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœืš,
12:25
and if you don't measure up or you don't show up,
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืžืฉืชื•ื•ื” ืื• ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข,
12:27
we're going to cut you off the team.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืžื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
12:29
But we'll make huge investments
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืงื™ืข ื”ืžื•ืŸ
12:30
in your training and development,
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ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœืš,
12:32
and we'll give you an extraordinary community of peers."
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื"
12:35
And people line up out the door
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืœืช
12:37
just for the chance to be part of it.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื”.
12:40
So our feeling is,
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ืื– ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื,
12:41
if it's good enough for the rugby team,
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ืฉืื ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืจื’ื‘ื™,
12:42
it's good enough for health and poverty.
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื ื™.
12:44
Health Leads too recruits competitively,
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"ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”" ื’ื ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
12:48
trains intensively,
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ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
12:49
coaches professionally,
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ืžืืžื ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช,
12:51
demands significant time,
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ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
12:53
builds a cohesive team
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ื‘ื•ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉืช
12:55
and measures results --
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ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช --
12:56
a kind of Teach for America for healthcare.
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ืžื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืžื• "ืœืžื“ ืœืžืขืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”" ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
12:59
Now in the top 10 cities in the U.S.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
13:01
with the largest number of Medicaid patients,
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ืขื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื,
13:03
each of those has at least 20,000 college students.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 20,000 ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื.
13:06
New York alone has half a million college students.
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ืœื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฆื™ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื.
13:10
And this isn't just a sort of short-term workforce
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ
13:13
to connect patients to basic resources,
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื,
13:15
it's a next generation healthcare leadership pipeline
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ื–ื” ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
13:18
who've spent two, three, four years
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ืฉืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื
13:21
in the clinic waiting room
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื•ืช
13:22
talking to patients about their most basic health needs.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
13:26
And they leave with the conviction,
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ื•ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”,
13:28
the ability and the efficacy
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
13:30
to realize our most basic aspirations for health care.
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ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
13:34
And the thing is, there's thousands of these folks already out there.
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ื•ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื•ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
13:37
So Mia Lozada is Chief Resident of Internal Medicine
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ืื– ืžื™ื” ืœื•ื–ืื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชืžื—ื” ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช
13:41
at UCSF Medical Center,
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืกืืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•,
13:42
but for three years as an undergraduate
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช
13:44
she was a Health Leads volunteer
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื” ื‘"ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”"
13:46
in the clinic waiting room at Boston Medical Center.
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
13:49
Mia says, "When my classmates write a prescription,
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ืžื™ื” ืื•ืžืจืช "ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืžืจืฉื,
13:53
they think their work is done.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื.
13:55
When I write a prescription,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืžืจืฉื,
13:56
I think, can the family read the prescription?
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ืื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืฉื?
13:59
Do they have transportation to the pharmacy?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืงื—ืช?
14:01
Do they have food to take with the prescription?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืขื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช?
14:03
Do they have insurance to fill the prescription?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืจืฉื?
14:06
Those are the questions I learned at Health Leads,
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ืืœื• ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘"ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”",
14:08
not in medical school."
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ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื”."
14:10
Now none of these solutions --
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• --
14:12
the prescription pad, the electronic medical record,
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ืคื ืงืก ื”ืžืจืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืจืฉื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™,
14:15
the waiting room,
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ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื”,
14:16
the army of college students --
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื --
14:17
are perfect.
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ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื.
14:18
But they are ours for the taking --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื ื• --
14:21
simple examples
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ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช
14:22
of the vast under-utilized healthcare resources
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœื ืžื ื•ืฆืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
14:26
that, if we reclaimed and redeployed,
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ืฉืื ื ื™ืงื— ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ื ื™ื™ืขืœ ืื•ืชื,
14:29
could realize our most basic aspiration
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
14:32
of healthcare.
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
14:34
So I had been at Legal Services for about nine months
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
14:37
when this idea of Health Leads started percolating in my mind.
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ื›ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉื™.
14:40
And I knew I had to tell Jeff Purcell, my attorney,
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ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื’'ืฃ ืคื•ืจืกืœ, ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
14:43
that I needed to leave.
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ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘.
14:44
And I was so nervous,
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ื•ื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ื ื•ืจื,
14:45
because I thought he was going to be disappointed in me
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ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืื›ื–ื‘ ืžืžื ื™
14:48
for abandoning our clients for some crazy idea.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืฉืช ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข.
14:51
And I sat down with him and I said,
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ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื™ืชื• ื•ืืžืจืชื™,
14:53
"Jeff, I have this idea
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"ื’'ืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
14:55
that we could mobilize college students
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื
14:57
to address patients' most basic health needs."
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื".
15:00
And I'll be honest,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื”,
15:02
all I wanted was for him to not be angry at me.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ืขืก ืขืœื™.
15:05
But he said this,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื›ืš,
15:06
"Rebecca, when you have a vision,
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"ืจื‘ืงื”, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื—ื–ื•ืŸ,
15:10
you have an obligation to realize that vision.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืžืฉ ืื•ืชื•,
15:13
You must pursue that vision."
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ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ."
15:17
And I have to say, I was like "Whoa.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื” "ื•ื•ืื•.
15:20
That's a lot of pressure."
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ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืœื—ื™ืฅ."
15:22
I just wanted a blessing,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื”,
15:23
I didn't want some kind of mandate.
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ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืžื ื“ื˜.
15:25
But the truth is
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื
15:26
I've spent every waking minute nearly since then
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ืฉื›ืœ ื“ืงื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืžืื–
15:29
chasing that vision.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ื“ืคืช ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
15:31
I believe that we all have a vision
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ
15:34
for healthcare in this country.
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช.
15:36
I believe that at the end of the day
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื
15:38
when we measure our healthcare,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
15:40
it will not be by the diseases cured,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืจืคืื•,
15:43
but by the diseases prevented.
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ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืžื ืขื•.
15:45
It will not be by the excellence of our technologies
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืœืื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
15:48
or the sophistication of our specialists,
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ืื• ื”ืชื—ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
15:51
but by how rarely we needed them.
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
15:54
And most of all,
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœ
15:55
I believe that when we measure healthcare,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื ืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
15:58
it will be, not by what the system was,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ,
16:00
but by what we chose it to be.
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ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื”..
16:03
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
16:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:14
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
16:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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