Dambisa Moyo: Is China the new idol for emerging economies?

589,116 views ใƒป 2013-11-11

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: or biton
00:12
"Give me liberty or give me death."
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"ื”ื‘ื• ืœื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ื‘ื• ืœื™ ืžื•ื•ืช."
00:15
When Patrick Henry, the governor of Virginia,
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ื›ืฉืคื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื ืจื™, ืžื•ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื”,
00:18
said these words in 1775,
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ืืžืจ ืžืœื™ื ืืœื” ื‘-1775,
00:21
he could never have imagined
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืขืชื•
00:23
just how much they would come to resonate
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื”ื“
00:25
with American generations to come.
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ืืฆืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
00:28
At the time, these words were earmarked
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช, ืžืœื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื•ืขื“ื•
00:30
and targeted against the British,
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ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื,
00:33
but over the last 200 years, they've come to embody
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ืืš ืžืงืฅ 200 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžื’ืœืžื•ืช
00:36
what many Westerners believe,
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ืืช ืืžื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
00:38
that freedom is the most cherished value,
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ืฉื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:42
and that the best systems of politics and economics
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ื•ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:45
have freedom embedded in them.
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ื”ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉื˜ื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ.
00:47
Who could blame them?
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ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื?
00:49
Over the past hundred years, the combination
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 100 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ
00:52
of liberal democracy and private capitalism
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ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช ื•ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืคืจื˜ื™
00:55
has helped to catapult the United States
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ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ืฃ ืืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
00:57
and Western countries
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ื•ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘
00:58
to new levels of economic development.
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ืœื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
01:01
In the United States over the past hundred years,
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:03
incomes have increased 30 times,
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ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืขืœืชื” ืคื™ 30,
01:06
and hundreds of thousands of people
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ื•ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
01:08
have been moved out of poverty.
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ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
01:10
Meanwhile, American ingenuity and innovation
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ื‘ื”-ื‘ืขืช, ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช
01:14
has helped to spur industrialization
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ืขื–ืจื• ืœื“ืจื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืขื•ืฉ
01:17
and also helped in the creation and the building
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ื•ืขื–ืจื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช
01:20
of things like household appliances
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื
01:22
such as refrigerators and televisions,
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืงืจืจื™ื ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช,
01:24
motor vehicles and even the mobile phones in your pockets.
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ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื•ืืฃ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื›ื.
01:28
It's no surprise, then, that even at the depths
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ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช
01:31
of the private capitalism crisis,
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™,
01:33
President Obama said,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื” ืืžืจ:
01:35
"The question before us is not whether the market
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"ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืื ื”ืฉื•ืง
01:38
is a force for good or ill.
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"ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืื• ืœื”ืจืข;
01:40
Its power to generate wealth and to expand freedom
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"ืœื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ
01:44
is unmatched."
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"ืื™ืŸ ืื— ื•ืจืข."
01:46
Thus, there's understandably
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ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
01:48
a deep-seated presumption among Westerners
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื” ืžื•ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื
01:51
that the whole world will decide to adopt
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืืžืฅ
01:54
private capitalism as the model of economic growth,
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ืืช ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื›ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
01:57
liberal democracy, and will continue
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ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช, ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš
01:59
to prioritize political rights over economic rights.
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ืœืชืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
02:03
However, to many who live in the emerging markets,
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ืื•ืœื, ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืœื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื,
02:06
this is an illusion, and even though
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืืฉืœื™ื”, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช
02:09
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
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ืฉ"ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื,"
02:11
which was signed in 1948,
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ืฉื ื—ืชืžื” ื‘-1948,
02:13
was unanimously adopted,
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ืื•ืžืฆื” ืคื”-ืื—ื“,
02:16
what it did was to mask a schism
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ืจื” ืฉืกืข
02:18
that has emerged between developed and developing countries,
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ืฉื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ืœืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
02:22
and the ideological beliefs
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ื•ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
02:24
between political and economic rights.
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ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
02:27
This schism has only grown wider.
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ืฉืกืข ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
02:31
Today, many people who live in the emerging markets,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขืžื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื,
02:34
where 90 percent of the world's population lives,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื 90% ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
02:36
believe that the Western obsession
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ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช
02:39
with political rights is beside the point,
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ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื” ืžืžื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
02:41
and what is actually important
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ื•ืฉืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘
02:43
is delivering on food, shelter,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื—ืกื”,
02:45
education and healthcare.
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ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
02:47
"Give me liberty or give me death"
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"ื”ื‘ื• ืœื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ื‘ื• ืœื™ ืžื•ื•ืช"
02:50
is all well and good if you can afford it,
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ื–ื” ื™ืคื” ืžืื“, ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
02:53
but if you're living on less than one dollar a day,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื™ื•ื,
02:56
you're far too busy trying to survive
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ืขืกื•ืง ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“
02:58
and to provide for your family
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ื•ืœืคืจื ืก ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•,
02:59
than to spend your time going around
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ
03:01
trying to proclaim and defend democracy.
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ืขืœ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”.
03:04
Now, I know many people in this room
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”
03:06
and around the world will think,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ื•:
03:08
"Well actually, this is hard to grasp,"
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"ื‘ืขืฆื, ืงืฉื” ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืืช ื–ื”",
03:11
because private capitalism and liberal democracy
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ื›ื™ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช
03:14
are held sacrosanct.
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ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:16
But I ask you today, what would you do
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืชื›ื: "ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
03:19
if you had to choose?
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"ืื™ืœื• ื ืืœืฆืชื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ?
03:21
What if you had to choose
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"ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ
03:22
between a roof over your head
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"ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื’ ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ื›ื
03:25
and the right to vote?
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"ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”?"
03:27
Over the last 10 years,
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ื‘-10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
03:28
I've had the privilege to travel to over 60 countries,
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ื ืคืœื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-60 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
03:32
many of them in the emerging markets,
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ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ - ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื,
03:34
in Latin America, Asia,
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ืืกื™ื”,
03:36
and my own continent of Africa.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืœื™, ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
03:39
I've met with presidents, dissidents,
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ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื ืฉื™ืื™ื, ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื,
03:42
policymakers, lawyers, teachers,
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ืงื•ื‘ืขื™-ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืขื•ืจื›ื™-ื“ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ืจื™ื,
03:44
doctors and the man on the street,
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘,
03:46
and through these conversations,
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ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
03:48
it's become clear to me
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื™
03:50
that many people in the emerging markets
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื
03:52
believe that there's actually a split occurring
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ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ
03:55
between what people believe ideologically
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
03:58
in terms of politics and economics in the West
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื‘ืžืขืจื‘,
04:01
and that which people believe in the rest of the world.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:03
Now, don't get me wrong.
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ืืœ ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
04:05
I'm not saying people in the emerging markets
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื
04:07
don't understand democracy,
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ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
04:09
nor am I saying that they wouldn't ideally
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ื•ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื
04:11
like to pick their presidents or their leaders.
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื ืฉื™ืื™ื”ื ืื• ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื”ื.
04:13
Of course they would.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ.
04:15
However, I am saying that on balance,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ,
04:18
they worry more about
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ื”ื ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื”
04:19
where their living standard improvements are going to come from,
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ืžื ื™ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
04:22
and how it is their governments can deliver for them,
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ื•ืื™ืš ืžืžืฉืœืชื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื”ื,
04:25
than whether or not the government
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืื ืžืžืฉืœืชื
04:27
was elected by democracy.
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ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ืื• ืœื.
04:30
The fact of the matter
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื
04:32
is that this has become a very poignant question
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ืฉืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื” ื›ืขืช ืžืื“
04:34
because there is for the first time in a long time
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ื›ื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘
04:36
a real challenge to the Western ideological systems
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ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืืชื’ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช
04:40
of politics and economics,
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ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
04:42
and this is a system that is embodied by China.
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืœืžืช ืข"ื™ ืกื™ืŸ.
04:45
And rather than have private capitalism, they have state capitalism.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืคืจื˜ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.
04:49
Instead of liberal democracy, they have de-prioritized the democratic system.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
04:53
And they have also decided to prioritize
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ื•ื”ื ื’ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืชืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช
04:56
economic rights over political rights.
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ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
04:59
I put it to you today that it is this system
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื•,
05:02
that is embodied by China
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ื”ืžื’ื•ืœืžืช ืข"ื™ ืกื™ืŸ,
05:04
that is gathering momentum amongst people
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื‘ืจืช ืชื ื•ืคื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
05:06
in the emerging markets as the system to follow,
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืคื™ื”,
05:09
because they believe increasingly
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
05:11
that it is the system
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ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
05:13
that will promise the best and fastest improvements
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ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:16
in living standards in the shortest period of time.
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ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:20
If you will indulge me, I will spend a few moments
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ื•ืื ืชืืคืฉืจื• ืœื™, ืืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช
05:23
explaining to you first
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ื•ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื
05:24
why economically they've come to this belief.
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ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืืžื•ื ืชื ื–ื•.
05:28
First of all, it's China's economic performance
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ
05:31
over the past 30 years.
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ื‘-30 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
05:33
She's been able to produce record economic growth
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ืช-ืฉื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
05:36
and meaningfully move many people out of poverty,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื—ื™ืœืฆื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ื ื™,
05:40
specifically putting a meaningful dent in poverty
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ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™
05:43
by moving over 300 million people
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ืข"ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืžืขืœ 300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื
05:46
out of indigence.
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ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ื ื™,
05:49
It's not just in economics,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
05:51
but it's also in terms of living standards.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:54
We see that in China, 28 percent of people
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืœ-28% ืžื”ืขื
05:57
had secondary school access.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
05:59
Today, it's closer to 82 percent.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœ-82%.
06:01
So in its totality, economic improvement
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™
06:03
has been quite significant.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืžื“ื™.
06:06
Second, China has been able
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื”
06:09
to meaningfully improve its income inequality
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ืœืฉืคืจ ืืฆืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช
06:12
without changing the political construct.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
06:15
Today, the United States and China
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืกื™ืŸ
06:17
are the two leading economies in the world.
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ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:20
They have vastly different political systems
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช
06:22
and different economic systems,
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื“,
06:25
one with private capitalism,
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ื‘ืื—ืช ื™ืฉ ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืคืจื˜ื™,
06:26
another one broadly with state capitalism.
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.
06:28
However, these two countries
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ืื•ืœื ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
06:31
have the identical GINI Coefficient,
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ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• "ืžืงื“ื ื’'ื™ื ื™",
06:33
which is a measure of income equality.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช.
06:35
Perhaps what is more disturbing
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“
06:37
is that China's income equality
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
06:40
has been improving in recent times,
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ื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
06:42
whereas that of the United States
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘
06:43
has been declining.
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ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจ.
06:47
Thirdly, people in the emerging markets
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ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื
06:49
look at China's amazing and legendary
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ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืžืคื’ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืื’ื“ื™
06:51
infrastructure rollout.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช.
06:54
This is not just about China
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ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืกื™ืŸ
06:55
building roads and ports and railways
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ื‘ื•ื ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช,
06:58
in her own country --
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ื‘ืืจืฆื” ืฉืœื” --
06:59
she's been able to build 85,000 kilometers
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืกืœื•ืœ 85,000 ืง"ืž
07:02
of road network in China
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ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
07:04
and surpass that of the United States --
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ --
07:07
but even if you look to places like Africa,
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ืืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
07:10
China has been able to help tar the distance
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ืกื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืขื” ืœื’ืฉืจ ื‘ืืกืคืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื—ืง
07:13
of Cape Town to Cairo,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคื˜ืื•ืŸ ืœืงื”ื™ืจ,
07:14
which is 9,000 miles,
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ืฉื”ื•ื 14,500 ืง"ืž,
07:16
or three times the distance of New York to California.
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ืื• ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
07:20
Now this is something that people can see and point to.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœื™ื•.
07:24
Perhaps it's no surprise
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืคืœื
07:26
that in a 2007 Pew survey, when surveyed,
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ืฉื‘ืกืงืจ "ืคื™ื•" ืž-2007, ื›ืฉื ืฉืืœื•,
07:30
Africans in 10 countries said
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ืืžืจื• ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืž-10 ืืจืฆื•ืช
07:32
they thought that the Chinese were doing
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ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
07:33
amazing things to improve their livelihoods
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
07:35
by wide margins, by as much as 98 percent.
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ื•ื‘ืคืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ: 98% ืžื”ื.
07:40
Finally, China is also providing innovative solutions
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืกื™ืŸ ื’ื ืžืกืคืงืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื
07:44
to age-old social problems that the world faces.
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ืงื ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืื‘ืง ื‘ื”ืŸ.
07:48
If you travel to Mogadishu, Mexico City or Mumbai,
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ืื ืชืกืขื• ืœืžื•ื’ื“ื™ืฉื•, ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•-ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื• ืœืžื•ืžื‘ืื™,
07:51
you find that dilapidated infrastructure and logistics
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ืชื’ืœื• ืฉื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืจืขื•ืขื•ืช
07:54
continue to be a stumbling block
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ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ-ื ื’ืฃ
07:56
to the delivery of medicine and healthcare
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ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
07:58
in the rural areas.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื.
08:00
However, through a network of state-owned enterprises,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
08:03
the Chinese have been able to go into these rural areas,
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ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืืœื”,
08:06
using their companies
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ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
08:08
to help deliver on these healthcare solutions.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ืื•ืชื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื.
08:11
Ladies and gentlemen, it's no surprise
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ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื
08:13
that around the world, people are pointing at what China is doing and saying,
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ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื”, ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื:
08:16
"I like that. I want that.
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"ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื–ื”.
08:18
I want to be able to do what China's doing.
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"ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืกื™ืŸ.
08:21
That is the system that seems to work."
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"ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช."
08:23
I'm here to also tell you
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ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
08:25
that there are lots of shifts occurring
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ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื
08:27
around what China is doing
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื”
08:29
in the democratic stance.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช.
08:31
In particular, there is growing doubt
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ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืง
08:34
among people in the emerging markets,
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขืžื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื,
08:36
when people now believe that democracy
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”
08:37
is no longer to be viewed
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘
08:40
as a prerequisite for economic growth.
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ื›ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
08:43
In fact, countries like Taiwan, Singapore, Chile,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ, ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ, ืฆ'ื™ืœื”,
08:47
not just China, have shown that actually,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉื‘ืขืฆื
08:50
it's economic growth that is a prerequisite
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ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื
08:53
for democracy.
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ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
08:55
In a recent study, the evidence has shown
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื›ื—,
08:58
that income is the greatest determinant
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ืฉื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:00
of how long a democracy can last.
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ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
09:03
The study found that if your per capita income
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฆื ืฉืื ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœื ืคืฉ
09:06
is about 1,000 dollars a year,
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ื”ื™ื ื›-1,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉื ื”,
09:08
your democracy will last about eight and a half years.
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืชื™ืžืฉืš ื›-8.5 ืฉื ื™ื.
09:11
If your per capita income is between
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ืื ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ
09:13
2,000 and 4,000 dollars per year,
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2,000 ืœ-4,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”,
09:15
then you're likely to only get 33 years of democracy.
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืจืง 33 ืฉื ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
09:18
And only if your per capita income
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ื•ืจืง ืื ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœื ืคืฉ
09:20
is above 6,000 dollars a year
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ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”-6,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉื ื”
09:22
will you have democracy come hell or high water.
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืืฉ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื.
09:26
What this is telling us
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื•ื,
09:28
is that we need to first establish a middle class
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ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืกืก ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™
09:30
that is able to hold the government accountable.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื“ื™ืŸ-ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
09:33
But perhaps it's also telling us
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•
09:36
that we should be worried about going
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ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉืื ื•
09:37
around the world and shoehorning democracy,
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ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•ืคื™ื ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
09:40
because ultimately we run the risk
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ื ื™ื
09:42
of ending up with illiberal democracies,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื-ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื•ืช,
09:44
democracies that in some sense
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ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื
09:46
could be worse than the authoritarian governments
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ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืžืฉืœื™ื ืจื•ื“ื ื™ื™ื
09:48
that they seek to replace.
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ืฉืื•ืชื ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ.
09:52
The evidence around illiberal democracies
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ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื-ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื•ืช
09:54
is quite depressing.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™.
09:56
Freedom House finds that although 50 percent
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"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ" ืžืฆื, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉ-50%
09:59
of the world's countries today are democratic,
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ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
10:02
70 percent of those countries are illiberal
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70% ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื•ืช
10:05
in the sense that people don't have free speech
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœืขื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
10:07
or freedom of movement.
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ืื• ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืชื ื•ืขื”.
10:10
But also, we're finding from Freedom House
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ืืš ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืž"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ",
10:12
in a study that they published last year
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื”ื ืคืจืกืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
10:14
that freedom has been on the decline
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ืฉื—ื•ืคืฉ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื”
10:16
every year for the past seven years.
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ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
10:19
What this says
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
10:21
is that for people like me
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
10:22
who care about liberal democracy,
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ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช,
10:24
is we've got to find a more sustainable way
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ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ืจืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:27
of ensuring that we have a sustainable form
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ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื
10:29
of democracy in a liberal way,
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ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™,
10:31
and that has its roots in economics.
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ื•ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื” ืžืขื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
10:34
But it also says that as China moves
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ืžืช
10:37
toward being the largest economy in the world,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
10:40
something that is expected to happen
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงืจื•ืช,
10:42
by experts in 2016,
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื, ื‘-2016,
10:44
that this schism between the political
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ื•ืฉืกืข ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
10:46
and economic ideologies of the West and the rest
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื
10:50
is likely to widen.
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ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
10:52
What might that world look like?
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ืื™ืš ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช?
10:55
Well, the world could look like
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืš:
10:57
more state involvement and state capitalism;
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™;
11:00
greater protectionisms of nation-states;
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช-ืžื’ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช-ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช;
11:03
but also, as I just pointed out a moment ago,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืจื’ืข,
11:05
ever-declining political rights
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ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
11:07
and individual rights.
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ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜.
11:09
The question that is left for us in general
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื•
11:12
is, what then should the West be doing?
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ื”ื™ื: ืžื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื– ื”ืžืขืจื‘?
11:15
And I suggest that they have two options.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
11:18
The West can either compete or cooperate.
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ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
11:22
If the West chooses to compete with the Chinese model,
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ืื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืกื™ื ื™,
11:26
and in effect go around the world
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ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
11:28
and continue to try and push an agenda
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ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืงื“ื ืกื“ืจ-ื™ื•ื
11:30
of private capitalism and liberal democracy,
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ืฉืœ ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช,
11:33
this is basically going against headwinds,
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจื•ื—,
11:36
but it also would be a natural stance
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื’ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืžื“ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
11:38
for the West to take
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘
11:39
because in many ways it is the antithesis
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื–ืืช ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืชื–ื”
11:41
of the Chinese model
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ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืกื™ื ื™
11:43
of de-prioritizing democracy, and state capitalism.
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.
11:47
Now the fact of the matter is,
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ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
11:49
if the West decides to compete,
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ืื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช,
11:51
it will create a wider schism.
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืกืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:55
The other option is for the West to cooperate,
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ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”,
11:57
and by cooperating I mean
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ื•ื‘"ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ืคืขื•ืœื”" ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™
11:59
giving the emerging market countries the flexibility
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ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช
12:03
to figure out in an organic way
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชืŸ
12:05
what political and economic system
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
12:06
works best for them.
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ื”ื›ื™ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืŸ.
12:08
Now I'm sure some of you in the room
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื›ื, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืœื,
12:10
will be thinking, well, this is like ceding to China,
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื: "ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื™ืŸ."
12:13
and this is a way, in other words,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
12:15
for the West to take a back seat.
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ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™.
12:17
But I put it to you
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื
12:18
that if the United States and European countries
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ืฉืื ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
12:20
want to remain globally influential,
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ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืชืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
12:23
they may have to consider cooperating
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืŸ ืชื™ืืœืฆื ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ืคืขื•ืœื”
12:25
in the short term in order to compete,
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื ื” ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช,
12:28
and by that, they might have to focus
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“
12:30
more aggressively on economic outcomes
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ื‘ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช-ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช
12:33
to help create the middle class
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ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืขื ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™,
12:35
and therefore be able to hold government accountable
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
12:37
and create the democracies that we really want.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ.
12:41
The fact of the matter is that
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ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
12:44
instead of going around the world
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
12:46
and haranguing countries for engaging with China,
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ื•ืœื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืกื™ืŸ,
12:49
the West should be encouraging its own businesses
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ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืืฆืœื•
12:52
to trade and invest in these regions.
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ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ืขื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื”ื.
12:55
Instead of criticizing China for bad behavior,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื” ื”ืจืขื”,
12:59
the West should be showing how it is
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ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช
13:02
that their own system of politics and economics
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ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื•
13:04
is the superior one.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื”.
13:06
And instead of shoehorning democracy
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”
13:08
around the world,
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
13:10
perhaps the West should take a leaf
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืœืขืœืขืœ
13:11
out of its own history book
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ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื•
13:13
and remember that it takes a lot of patience
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ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช
13:16
in order to develop the models
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื
13:17
and the systems that you have today.
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื.
13:20
Indeed, the Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer
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ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืจ,
13:23
reminds us that it took the United States
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ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืืจื”"ื‘
13:26
nearly 170 years
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-170 ืฉื ื”
13:28
from the time that the Constitution was written
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ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื”
13:31
for there to be equal rights in the United States.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
13:34
Some people would argue that today
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื•ื
13:35
there is still no equal rights.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
13:37
In fact, there are groups who would argue
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืขื ื•
13:39
that they still do not have equal rights under the law.
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ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ-ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืง.
13:44
At its very best,
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:46
the Western model speaks for itself.
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื“ ืขืฆืžื•.
13:48
It's the model that put food on the table.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
13:50
It's the refrigerators.
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ืืœื• ื”ืžืงืจืจื™ื.
13:52
It put a man on the moon.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืจื—.
13:54
But the fact of the matter is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื,
13:55
although people back in the day
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ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื
13:57
used to point at the Western countries and say,
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ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ:
13:59
"I want that, I like that,"
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"ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™,"
14:01
there's now a new person in town
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจ
14:03
in the form of a country, China.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืกื™ืŸ.
14:06
Today, generations are looking at China
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ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
14:08
and saying, "China can produce infrastructure,
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืกื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืกืคืง ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช,
14:11
China can produce economic growth,
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"ืกื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืกืคืง ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
14:13
and we like that."
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"ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•."
14:14
Because ultimately, the question before us,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•,
14:17
and the question before
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ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืคื ื™
14:19
seven billion people on the planet
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7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™-ืื“ืžื•ืช
14:20
is, how can we create prosperity?
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ื”ื™ื "ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’?"
14:24
People who care and will pivot towards the model
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ
14:26
of politics and economics
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ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
14:28
in a very rational way,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืžืื“,
14:30
to those models that will ensure
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ืœืขื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•
14:32
that they can have better living standards
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืจืžืช-ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
14:34
in the shortest period of time.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:37
As you leave here today,
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ื›ืฉืชืฆืื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื,
14:38
I would like to leave you
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื•
14:40
with a very personal message,
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ืขืœ ืžืกืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:41
which is what it is that I believe
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ื•ื”ื•ื: "ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ/ื”
14:44
we should be doing as individuals,
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"ืฉืขืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื›ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™?"
14:46
and this is really about being open-minded,
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช,
14:49
open-minded to the fact that our hopes and dreams
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ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืชืงื•ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื ื•
14:53
of creating prosperity for people around the world,
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
14:56
creating and meaningfully putting a dent in poverty
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ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™
14:59
for hundreds of millions of people,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
15:00
has to be based in being open-minded,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช,
15:03
because these systems have good things
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
15:05
and they have bad things.
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ื•ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื.
15:08
Just to illustrate,
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ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื”,
15:10
I went into my annals of myself.
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ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
15:12
That's a picture of me.
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
15:14
Awww. (Laughter)
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ืื•ื•ื•. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
15:16
I was born and raised in Zambia in 1969.
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื•ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื–ืžื‘ื™ื” ื‘-1969.
15:20
At the time of my birth,
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ื›ืฉื ื•ืœื“ืชื™,
15:22
blacks were not issued birth certificates,
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ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื”,
15:24
and that law only changed in 1973.
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืจืง ื‘-1973.
15:27
This is an affidavit from the Zambian government.
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ื–ื”ื• ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ืžืืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ื–ืžื‘ื™ื”.
15:30
I bring this to you to tell you that in 40 years,
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ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื›ื ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš 40 ืฉื ื”
15:32
I've gone from not being recognized as a human being
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ืœื-ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื›ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™,
15:35
to standing in front of the illustrious TED crowd today
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื”ืœ TED ื”ืžื”ื•ืœืœ
15:38
to talk to you about my views.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™.
15:41
In this vein, we can increase economic growth.
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ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
15:44
We can meaningfully put a dent in poverty.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
15:48
But also, it's going to require
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•
15:50
that we look at our assumptions,
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•,
15:52
assumptions and strictures that we've grown up with
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืขื™ืžืŸ ื’ื“ืœื ื•
15:54
around democracy, around private capitalism,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™,
15:56
around what creates economic growth
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
15:58
and reduces poverty and creates freedoms.
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ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
16:01
We might have to tear those books up
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ื™ืืœืฅ ืœืงืจื•ืข ืœื’ื–ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื”ื
16:03
and start to look at other options
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
16:05
and be open-minded to seek the truth.
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ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืืžืช.
16:08
Ultimately, it's about transforming the world
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
16:10
and making it a better place.
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ื•ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:12
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
16:14
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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