Dambisa Moyo: Is China the new idol for emerging economies?

587,769 views ใƒป 2013-11-11

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sungho Yoo ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seongeun Kim
00:12
"Give me liberty or give me death."
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"์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ."
00:15
When Patrick Henry, the governor of Virginia,
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๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆญ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:18
said these words in 1775,
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1775๋…„์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:21
he could never have imagined
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
00:23
just how much they would come to resonate
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ์ง€
00:25
with American generations to come.
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์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
At the time, these words were earmarked
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๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์ด
00:30
and targeted against the British,
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์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
but over the last 200 years, they've come to embody
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚œ 200๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ๋ง์€
00:36
what many Westerners believe,
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์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ด๋ฉฐ
00:38
that freedom is the most cherished value,
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ •์น˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ฒด์ œ๋Š”
00:42
and that the best systems of politics and economics
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
00:45
have freedom embedded in them.
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์„œ์–‘์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
Who could blame them?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:49
Over the past hundred years, the combination
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฐฑ๋…„๋™์•ˆ,
00:52
of liberal democracy and private capitalism
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์ž์œ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์‚ฌ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์€
00:55
has helped to catapult the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„
00:57
and Western countries
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ
00:58
to new levels of economic development.
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๋Œ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
In the United States over the past hundred years,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋ฐฑ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ
01:03
incomes have increased 30 times,
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์†Œ๋“์€ 30๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:06
and hundreds of thousands of people
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
01:08
have been moved out of poverty.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Meanwhile, American ingenuity and innovation
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์€
01:14
has helped to spur industrialization
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๋ฐ•์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:17
and also helped in the creation and the building
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์ „ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ
01:20
of things like household appliances
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:22
such as refrigerators and televisions,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„
01:24
motor vehicles and even the mobile phones in your pockets.
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
It's no surprise, then, that even at the depths
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์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜
01:31
of the private capitalism crisis,
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์ ˆ๋ง์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋„ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:33
President Obama said,
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
"The question before us is not whether the market
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์„ ํ•œ ํž˜์„ ์ง€๋…”๋Š”์ง€
01:38
is a force for good or ill.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์•…ํ•œ ํž˜์„ ์ง€๋…”๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Its power to generate wealth and to expand freedom
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์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํž˜์€ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ
01:44
is unmatched."
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋„ ํ•„์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ง‰๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:46
Thus, there's understandably
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์„œ์–‘์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š”
01:48
a deep-seated presumption among Westerners
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
01:51
that the whole world will decide to adopt
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ 
01:54
private capitalism as the model of economic growth,
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์ž์œ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
01:57
liberal democracy, and will continue
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์ •์น˜์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
01:59
to prioritize political rights over economic rights.
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๊ฐ€์ •์ด ๊นŠ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
However, to many who live in the emerging markets,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ ํฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
02:06
this is an illusion, and even though
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์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ํ™˜์ƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
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1948๋…„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์„ ์–ธ์ด
02:11
which was signed in 1948,
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๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ
02:13
was unanimously adopted,
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์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
02:16
what it did was to mask a schism
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด๊ณผ
02:18
that has emerged between developed and developing countries,
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์ •์น˜์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ
02:22
and the ideological beliefs
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๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„
02:24
between political and economic rights.
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ํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
This schism has only grown wider.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์—ด์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ปค์งˆ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Today, many people who live in the emerging markets,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 90 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”,
02:34
where 90 percent of the world's population lives,
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์‹ ํฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:36
believe that the Western obsession
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์„œ์–‘์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘์ฐฉ์€
02:39
with political rights is beside the point,
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:41
and what is actually important
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:43
is delivering on food, shelter,
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์Œ์‹๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€, ๊ต์œก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:45
education and healthcare.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
"Give me liberty or give me death"
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"์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ."๋Š”
02:50
is all well and good if you can afford it,
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๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด ๋ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
02:53
but if you're living on less than one dollar a day,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:56
you're far too busy trying to survive
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:58
and to provide for your family
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๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐ”๋น ์„œ
02:59
than to spend your time going around
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:01
trying to proclaim and defend democracy.
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๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Now, I know many people in this room
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"์Œ, ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด๋ฐ," ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:06
and around the world will think,
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์ด ๊ณณ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:08
"Well actually, this is hard to grasp,"
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
because private capitalism and liberal democracy
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ž์œ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š”
03:14
are held sacrosanct.
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์‹ ์„ฑ์‹œ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:16
But I ask you today, what would you do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ผ์•„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
if you had to choose?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:21
What if you had to choose
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง‘๊ณผ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘
03:22
between a roof over your head
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:25
and the right to vote?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:27
Over the last 10 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š”
03:28
I've had the privilege to travel to over 60 countries,
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60๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน๊ถŒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
many of them in the emerging markets,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์•„์‹œ์•„,
03:34
in Latin America, Asia,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ธ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
03:36
and my own continent of Africa.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:39
I've met with presidents, dissidents,
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น, ๋ฐ˜์ฒด์ œ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€,
03:42
policymakers, lawyers, teachers,
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์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž, ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜,
03:44
doctors and the man on the street,
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์˜์‚ฌ, ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
03:46
and through these conversations,
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์ด๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:48
it's become clear to me
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
that many people in the emerging markets
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์‹ ํฅ๊ตญ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:52
believe that there's actually a split occurring
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์ •์น˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ์–‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋…๊ณผ
03:55
between what people believe ideologically
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์—
03:58
in terms of politics and economics in the West
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
04:01
and that which people believe in the rest of the world.
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๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Now, don't get me wrong.
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์ž, ์ €๋ฅผ ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:05
I'm not saying people in the emerging markets
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ ํฅ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:07
don't understand democracy,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:09
nor am I saying that they wouldn't ideally
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฝ‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
04:11
like to pick their presidents or their leaders.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Of course they would.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฝ‘๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
04:15
However, I am saying that on balance,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:18
they worry more about
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์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ ์ง€,
04:19
where their living standard improvements are going to come from,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•ด์ค„์ง€๋ฅผ,
04:22
and how it is their governments can deliver for them,
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค
04:25
than whether or not the government
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๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”์‹œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
04:27
was elected by democracy.
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์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
The fact of the matter
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€
04:32
is that this has become a very poignant question
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
because there is for the first time in a long time
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธด ์„ธ์›”๋™์•ˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
04:36
a real challenge to the Western ideological systems
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์„œ์–‘ ์ •์น˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ด๋… ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋„์ „์ด
04:40
of politics and economics,
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๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
and this is a system that is embodied by China.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋„์ „์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
And rather than have private capitalism, they have state capitalism.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
Instead of liberal democracy, they have de-prioritized the democratic system.
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์ž์œ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๋Œ€์‹ , ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
And they have also decided to prioritize
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
04:56
economic rights over political rights.
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์ •์น˜์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:59
I put it to you today that it is this system
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:02
that is embodied by China
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์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
that is gathering momentum amongst people
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์‹ ํฅ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ž๋ฉฐ
05:06
in the emerging markets as the system to follow,
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์ ์  ๋” ์—ฌ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:09
because they believe increasingly
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
05:11
that it is the system
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—
05:13
that will promise the best and fastest improvements
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์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
05:16
in living standards in the shortest period of time.
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์ ์  ๋” ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
If you will indulge me, I will spend a few moments
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ
05:23
explaining to you first
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
05:24
why economically they've come to this belief.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
First of all, it's China's economic performance
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์ฒซ ์งธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
05:31
over the past 30 years.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
She's been able to produce record economic growth
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:36
and meaningfully move many people out of poverty,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
specifically putting a meaningful dent in poverty
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:43
by moving over 300 million people
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3์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
05:46
out of indigence.
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ณค๊ถ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
It's not just in economics,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
05:51
but it's also in terms of living standards.
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์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์—์„œ๋„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
We see that in China, 28 percent of people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 28 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€
05:57
had secondary school access.
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์ค‘๋“ฑ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Today, it's closer to 82 percent.
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 82 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
So in its totality, economic improvement
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์ฆ‰, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์€
06:03
has been quite significant.
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Second, China has been able
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์€
06:09
to meaningfully improve its income inequality
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์ •์น˜์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
06:12
without changing the political construct.
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์†Œ๋“์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
Today, the United States and China
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์˜ค๋Š˜, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€
06:17
are the two leading economies in the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋Œ€๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
They have vastly different political systems
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์น˜์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ,
06:22
and different economic systems,
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๋Š”
06:25
one with private capitalism,
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
06:26
another one broadly with state capitalism.
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๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:28
However, these two countries
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์ด ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
06:31
have the identical GINI Coefficient,
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์†Œ๋“์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”
06:33
which is a measure of income equality.
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์ง€๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
Perhaps what is more disturbing
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
06:37
is that China's income equality
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ๋“ ํ‰๋“ฑ์ด
06:40
has been improving in recent times,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
06:42
whereas that of the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ๋“ ํ‰๋“ฑ์€
06:43
has been declining.
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์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
Thirdly, people in the emerging markets
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์‹ ํฅ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
06:49
look at China's amazing and legendary
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋†€๋ž๊ณ ๋„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
06:51
infrastructure rollout.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
This is not just about China
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด
06:55
building roads and ports and railways
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๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋„๋กœ์™€ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€์–ด์„œ
06:58
in her own country --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
she's been able to build 85,000 kilometers
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85,000 ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜
07:02
of road network in China
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๋„๋กœ๋ง์„ ์ง€์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ
07:04
and surpass that of the United States --
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์•ž์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
but even if you look to places like Africa,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:10
China has been able to help tar the distance
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ผ€์ดํ”„ ํƒ€์šด์—์„œ ์นด์ด๋กœ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ 9000 ๋งˆ์ผ,
07:13
of Cape Town to Cairo,
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
07:14
which is 9,000 miles,
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3๋ฐฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—
07:16
or three times the distance of New York to California.
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ํƒ€๋ฅด ์น ์„ ํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
Now this is something that people can see and point to.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
07:24
Perhaps it's no surprise
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2007๋…„ Pew ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
07:26
that in a 2007 Pew survey, when surveyed,
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10๊ฐœ๊ตญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘
07:30
Africans in 10 countries said
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98%์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:32
they thought that the Chinese were doing
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
07:33
amazing things to improve their livelihoods
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
07:35
by wide margins, by as much as 98 percent.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Finally, China is also providing innovative solutions
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ๋˜
07:44
to age-old social problems that the world faces.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
If you travel to Mogadishu, Mexico City or Mumbai,
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๋ชจ๊ฐ€๋””์Šˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์‹œํ‹ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
07:51
you find that dilapidated infrastructure and logistics
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๋†์ดŒ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์ด ํ‡ด๋ฝํ•ด
07:54
continue to be a stumbling block
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์•ฝ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์—
07:56
to the delivery of medicine and healthcare
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
07:58
in the rural areas.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
However, through a network of state-owned enterprises,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด,
08:03
the Chinese have been able to go into these rural areas,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋†์ดŒ ์ง€์—ญ์—๊นŒ์ง€
08:06
using their companies
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์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:08
to help deliver on these healthcare solutions.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
Ladies and gentlemen, it's no surprise
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์‹ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ™๋…€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:13
that around the world, people are pointing at what China is doing and saying,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
08:16
"I like that. I want that.
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"์ข‹์•„. ๋‚˜๋„ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•ด.
08:18
I want to be able to do what China's doing.
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๋‚˜๋„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
08:21
That is the system that seems to work."
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์ € ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ตฐ." ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
I'm here to also tell you
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:25
that there are lots of shifts occurring
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์—
08:27
around what China is doing
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
08:29
in the democratic stance.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
In particular, there is growing doubt
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ํŠนํžˆ, ์‹ ํฅ๊ตญ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
08:34
among people in the emerging markets,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š”
08:36
when people now believe that democracy
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
08:37
is no longer to be viewed
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ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š”
08:40
as a prerequisite for economic growth.
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์˜๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์ด ์ ์  ๋” ์ปค์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
In fact, countries like Taiwan, Singapore, Chile,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:47
not just China, have shown that actually,
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๋Œ€๋งŒ, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด, ์น ๋ ˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋„
08:50
it's economic growth that is a prerequisite
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
08:53
for democracy.
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ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
In a recent study, the evidence has shown
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€
08:58
that income is the greatest determinant
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€
09:00
of how long a democracy can last.
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์†Œ๋“์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
The study found that if your per capita income
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŒ์•ฝ 1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋“์ด
09:06
is about 1,000 dollars a year,
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์ผ ๋…„์— 1,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„๋ผ๋ฉด
09:08
your democracy will last about eight and a half years.
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์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” 8๋…„ ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
09:11
If your per capita income is between
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๋งŒ์•ฝ 1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋“์ด
09:13
2,000 and 4,000 dollars per year,
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1๋…„์— 2,000์—์„œ 4,000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
09:15
then you're likely to only get 33 years of democracy.
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” 33๋…„ ์ •๋„๋งŒ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:18
And only if your per capita income
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1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋“์ด
09:20
is above 6,000 dollars a year
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1๋…„์— 6,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
09:22
will you have democracy come hell or high water.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์† ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
What this is telling us
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:28
is that we need to first establish a middle class
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
09:30
that is able to hold the government accountable.
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์ •๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
But perhaps it's also telling us
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š”
09:36
that we should be worried about going
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
09:37
around the world and shoehorning democracy,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
because ultimately we run the risk
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:42
of ending up with illiberal democracies,
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๋น„์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:44
democracies that in some sense
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”
09:46
could be worse than the authoritarian governments
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์žฌ ์ •๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
09:48
that they seek to replace.
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๋‚˜์  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
The evidence around illiberal democracies
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๋น„์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์€
09:54
is quite depressing.
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Freedom House finds that although 50 percent
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ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ค ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 50ํผ์„ผํŠธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š”
09:59
of the world's countries today are democratic,
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:02
70 percent of those countries are illiberal
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ 70ํผ์„ผํŠธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:05
in the sense that people don't have free speech
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์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์ด๋™์˜ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ
10:07
or freedom of movement.
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์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์นจํ•ด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
But also, we're finding from Freedom House
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ž‘๋…„์— ์ถœํŒ๋œ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ค ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค์˜
10:12
in a study that they published last year
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:14
that freedom has been on the decline
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์ง€๋‚œ 7๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์œ ๋Š”
10:16
every year for the past seven years.
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๊ณ„์† ํ›„ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
What this says
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:21
is that for people like me
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์ž์œ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:22
who care about liberal democracy,
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
10:24
is we've got to find a more sustainable way
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ
10:27
of ensuring that we have a sustainable form
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜
10:29
of democracy in a liberal way,
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์ž์œ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”
10:31
and that has its roots in economics.
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์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
But it also says that as China moves
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
10:37
toward being the largest economy in the world,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
10:40
something that is expected to happen
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:42
by experts in 2016,
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2016๋…„์—๋Š”
10:44
that this schism between the political
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์„œ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
10:46
and economic ideologies of the West and the rest
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์ •์น˜์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€
10:50
is likely to widen.
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๋”์šฑ ์ปค์งˆ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
What might that world look like?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:55
Well, the world could look like
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์Œ, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
10:57
more state involvement and state capitalism;
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜:
11:00
greater protectionisms of nation-states;
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๋ฏผ์กฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ฃผ์˜
11:03
but also, as I just pointed out a moment ago,
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋˜๋Œ€๋กœ
11:05
ever-declining political rights
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์ •์น˜์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€
11:07
and individual rights.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:09
The question that is left for us in general
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์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
11:12
is, what then should the West be doing?
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์ด์ œ ์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ? ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
And I suggest that they have two options.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
The West can either compete or cooperate.
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์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
If the West chooses to compete with the Chinese model,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:26
and in effect go around the world
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์š”์ปจ๋Œ€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
11:28
and continue to try and push an agenda
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์‚ฌ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ž์œ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์˜์ œ๋ฅผ
11:30
of private capitalism and liberal democracy,
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๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
this is basically going against headwinds,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญํ’์— ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
but it also would be a natural stance
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผํ• 
11:38
for the West to take
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ž…์žฅ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
11:39
because in many ways it is the antithesis
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
11:41
of the Chinese model
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
11:43
of de-prioritizing democracy, and state capitalism.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
Now the fact of the matter is,
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์ž, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€
11:49
if the West decides to compete,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„œ์–‘์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:51
it will create a wider schism.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
The other option is for the West to cooperate,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์„œ์–‘์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
and by cooperating I mean
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์€
11:59
giving the emerging market countries the flexibility
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์–ด๋–ค ์ •์น˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€
12:03
to figure out in an organic way
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์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
12:05
what political and economic system
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์‹ ํฅ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ
12:06
works best for them.
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์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Now I'm sure some of you in the room
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
12:10
will be thinking, well, this is like ceding to China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
and this is a way, in other words,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€, ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
12:15
for the West to take a back seat.
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์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
But I put it to you
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
that if the United States and European countries
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:20
want to remain globally influential,
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์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:23
they may have to consider cooperating
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:25
in the short term in order to compete,
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์„œ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
and by that, they might have to focus
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
12:30
more aggressively on economic outcomes
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—
12:33
to help create the middle class
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๋”์šฑ ๋” ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
and therefore be able to hold government accountable
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๊ณ 
12:37
and create the democracies that we really want.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
The fact of the matter is that
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€
12:44
instead of going around the world
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
12:46
and haranguing countries for engaging with China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ์„ ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
12:49
the West should be encouraging its own businesses
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์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ ํฅ๊ตญ๋“ค๊ณผ
12:52
to trade and invest in these regions.
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๋ฌด์—ญํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ๋ณต๋‹์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Instead of criticizing China for bad behavior,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋‚˜์œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค
12:59
the West should be showing how it is
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์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€
13:02
that their own system of politics and economics
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ
13:04
is the superior one.
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๋ชธ์†Œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
And instead of shoehorning democracy
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋„๋ก
13:08
around the world,
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์–ต์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
13:10
perhaps the West should take a leaf
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์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:11
out of its own history book
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๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์–ด
13:13
and remember that it takes a lot of patience
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
13:16
in order to develop the models
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๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„
13:17
and the systems that you have today.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
Indeed, the Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ด ๋Œ€๋ฒ•๊ด€์€
13:23
reminds us that it took the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:26
nearly 170 years
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ
13:28
from the time that the Constitution was written
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๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
13:31
for there to be equal rights in the United States.
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์•ฝ 170์—ฌ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
Some people would argue that today
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„
13:35
there is still no equal rights.
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๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
In fact, there are groups who would argue
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, ๋ฒ• ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ณด์žฅ๋œ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ 
13:39
that they still do not have equal rights under the law.
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์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
At its very best,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ผ ๋•Œ,
13:46
the Western model speaks for itself.
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์„œ์–‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
It's the model that put food on the table.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์‹ํƒ์— ์Œ์‹์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
It's the refrigerators.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
It put a man on the moon.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋‹ฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
But the fact of the matter is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€,
13:55
although people back in the day
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๋น„๋ก ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
13:57
used to point at the Western countries and say,
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์„œ์–‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋ฉฐ
13:59
"I want that, I like that,"
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"๋‚˜๋„ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์›ํ•ด, ์ €๊ฑฐ ์ข‹์€๋ฐ." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
14:01
there's now a new person in town
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
in the form of a country, China.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:06
Today, generations are looking at China
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
14:08
and saying, "China can produce infrastructure,
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"์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„ค.
14:11
China can produce economic growth,
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"์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„ค.
14:13
and we like that."
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์ €๊ฑฐ ์ข‹์€๋ฐ." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
Because ultimately, the question before us,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
14:17
and the question before
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
14:19
seven billion people on the planet
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70์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
14:20
is, how can we create prosperity?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
People who care and will pivot towards the model
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์ •์น˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
14:26
of politics and economics
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๋งค์šฐ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
14:28
in a very rational way,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
14:30
to those models that will ensure
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๋”์šฑ ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„
14:32
that they can have better living standards
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์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
14:34
in the shortest period of time.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
As you leave here today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ
14:38
I would like to leave you
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ
14:40
with a very personal message,
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๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
which is what it is that I believe
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์ด ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š”
14:44
we should be doing as individuals,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
and this is really about being open-minded,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
open-minded to the fact that our hopes and dreams
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
14:53
of creating prosperity for people around the world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฟˆ,
14:56
creating and meaningfully putting a dent in poverty
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„
14:59
for hundreds of millions of people,
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๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
15:00
has to be based in being open-minded,
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์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:03
because these systems have good things
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋“ค์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ ๊ณผ
15:05
and they have bad things.
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๋‚˜์œ ์ ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:08
Just to illustrate,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
15:10
I went into my annals of myself.
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์ €๋Š” ์ € ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ํ›‘์–ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
That's a picture of me.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Awww. (Laughter)
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์•„. (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:16
I was born and raised in Zambia in 1969.
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์ €๋Š” 1969๋…„์— ์ž ๋น„์•„์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
At the time of my birth,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š”
15:22
blacks were not issued birth certificates,
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ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
and that law only changed in 1973.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฒ•์€ 1973๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
This is an affidavit from the Zambian government.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž ๋น„์•„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
I bring this to you to tell you that in 40 years,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ 40๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
15:32
I've gone from not being recognized as a human being
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ธ์ •๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:35
to standing in front of the illustrious TED crowd today
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:38
to talk to you about my views.
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์ €๋ช…ํ•œ TED๊ด€์ค‘๋“ค ์•ž์— ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
In this vein, we can increase economic growth.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
We can meaningfully put a dent in poverty.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
But also, it's going to require
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
that we look at our assumptions,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
assumptions and strictures that we've grown up with
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋˜
15:54
around democracy, around private capitalism,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์‚ฌ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
15:56
around what creates economic growth
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
15:58
and reduces poverty and creates freedoms.
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์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜นํ‰๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
We might have to tear those books up
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ์ฐข๊ณ 
16:03
and start to look at other options
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
16:05
and be open-minded to seek the truth.
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๋”์šฑ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
Ultimately, it's about transforming the world
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ
16:10
and making it a better place.
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๋”์šฑ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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