Ben Dunlap: The life-long learner

86,303 views ใƒป 2008-01-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Hadas Shema ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:18
"Jรณ napot, pacรกk" Which, as somebody here must surely know,
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"Yo napot, pacak!" ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช,
00:24
means "What's up, guys?" in Magyar,
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ืื•ืžืจ "ืžื” ื ืฉืžืข, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื?" ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช
00:27
that peculiar non-Indo-European language spoken by Hungarians
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ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื•-ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช,
00:30
for which, given the fact that cognitive diversity is
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ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™
00:33
at least as threatened as biodiversity on this planet,
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ืžืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื”,
00:36
few would have imagined much of a future even a century or two ago.
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ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœื” ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
00:40
But there it is: "Jรณ napot, pacรกk"
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื–ื” : "Yo napot, pacak!"
00:42
I said somebody here must surely know, because
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
00:46
despite the fact that there aren't that many Hungarians to begin with,
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ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›"ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”,
00:49
and the further fact that, so far as I know, there's not a drop
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ื•ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืœื ื˜ื™ืคื” ืื—ืช
00:52
of Hungarian blood in my veins, at every critical juncture of my life
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ืฉืœ ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ืจืงื™ื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืžืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™
00:56
there has been a Hungarian friend or mentor there beside me.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืœืฆื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ืื• ืžื•ืจื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™.
01:00
I even have dreams that take place in landscapes
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืคื™ื
01:02
I recognize as the landscapes of Hungarian films,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžื–ื”ื” ื›ื ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื™ื,
01:06
especially the early movies of Miklos Jancso.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืœื•ืฉ ื™ืื ืฆ'ื•.
01:09
So, how do I explain this mysterious affinity?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช ื–ื•?
01:13
Maybe it's because my native state of South Carolina,
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™, ื“ืจื•ื ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”,
01:18
which is not much smaller than present-day Hungary,
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ืฉืื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•,
01:21
once imagined a future for itself as an independent country.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืคืขื ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช.
01:24
And as a consequence of that presumption,
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืื•ืชื” ืขื–ื•ืช ืžืฆื—
01:26
my hometown was burned to the ground by an invading army,
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ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื ืฉืจืคื” ืขื“ ืœื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื‘ื ืคื•ืœืฉ,
01:30
an experience that has befallen many a Hungarian town and village
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืขืœืชื” ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœ ืขืจื™ื ื•ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
01:34
throughout its long and troubled history.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ืขืจืช ืฉืœื”.
01:37
Or maybe it's because when I was a teenager back in the '50s,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50
01:40
my uncle Henry -- having denounced the Ku Klux Klan
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ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ืจื™, ืฉื”ื•ืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ืงื• ืงืœื•ืงืก ืงืœืืŸ -
01:43
and been bombed for his trouble and had crosses burned in his yard,
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื”ื•ืคืฆืฅ ื•ืฆืœื‘ื™ื ื ืฉืจืคื• ื‘ื—ืฆืจื• -
01:47
living under death threat -- took his wife and children to Massachusetts for safety
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ื‘ืฆืœ ืื™ื•ื ื‘ืžื•ื•ืช, ืœืงื— ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืœืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก ืœืฉื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื
01:51
and went back to South Carolina to face down the Klan alone.
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ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื“ืจื•ื ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงืœืืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื•.
01:54
That was a very Hungarian thing to do,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™,
01:57
as anyone will attest who remembers 1956.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช 1956.
02:01
And of course, from time to time Hungarians
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื
02:04
have invented their own equivalent of the Klan.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœืงืœืืŸ.
02:06
Well, it seems to me that this Hungarian presence in my life
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™
02:13
is difficult to account for, but ultimately I ascribe it to an admiration
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ืขืจืฆื”
02:19
for people with a complex moral awareness,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช -
02:22
with a heritage of guilt and defeat matched by defiance and bravado.
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ืฉืœื”ื ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืืฉืžื” ื•ืชื‘ื•ืกื” ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื–ื” ื•ืื™-ืฆื™ื•ืช.
02:27
It's not a typical mindset for most Americans,
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ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ืœืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
02:30
but it is perforce typical of virtually all Hungarians.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื.
02:34
So, "Jรณ napot, pacรกk!"
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ืื–, "Yo napot, pacak!"
02:36
I went back to South Carolina after some 15 years amid the alien corn
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ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœื“ืจื•ื ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ 15 ืฉื ื” "ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชื™ืจืก ื”ื–ืจ" (ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื˜ืก)
02:41
at the tail end of the 1960s,
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื
02:44
with the reckless condescension of that era
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ื‘ื”ืชื ืฉืื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”,
02:47
thinking I would save my people.
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ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืื ืฉื™.
02:49
Never mind the fact that they were slow to acknowledge they needed saving.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื ื”ืชืงืฉื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื–ืงืงื• ืœื”ืฆืœื”.
02:53
I labored in that vineyard for a quarter century before
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ืขืžืœืชื™ ื‘ื›ืจื ื”ื”ื•ื ืจื‘ืข ืžืื” ืœืคื ื™
02:56
making my way to a little kingdom of the just in upstate South Carolina,
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ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
03:00
a Methodist-affiliated institution of higher learning called Wofford College.
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ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืฉื ืงื•ืœื’' ื•ื•ืคื•ืจื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื ืฃ ืœื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
03:04
I knew nothing about Wofford
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื•ื•ืคื•ืจื“,
03:06
and even less about Methodism,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืš ืขืœ ืžืชื•ื“ื™ื–ื,
03:08
but I was reassured on the first day that I taught at Wofford College
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ืืš ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื™ืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’' ื•ื•ืคื•ืจื“
03:12
to find, among the auditors in my classroom,
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ื›ืฉืžืฆืืชื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชืชื™,
03:14
a 90-year-old Hungarian, surrounded by a bevy of middle-aged European women
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ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ ื‘ืŸ 90, ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”
03:21
who seemed to function as an entourage of Rhinemaidens.
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ืฉืชืคืงื“ื• ื›ืคืžืœื™ื” ืฉืœ Rhinemaidens (ื ื™ืžืคื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืคืจื” "ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื”ื ื™ื‘ืœื•ื ื’ื™ื" ืฉืœ ื•ืื’ื ืจ).
03:23
His name was Sandor Teszler.
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืกื ื“ื•ืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ.
03:26
He was a puckish widower whose wife and children were dead
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืืœืžืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืฉืืฉืชื• ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืžืชื•
03:30
and whose grandchildren lived far away.
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ื•ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ื• ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘.
03:33
In appearance, he resembled Mahatma Gandhi,
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ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื“ืžื” ืœืžื”ื˜ืžื” ื’ื ื“ื™ -
03:36
minus the loincloth, plus orthopedic boots.
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ืœืœื ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœืฆื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ืื•ืจืชื•ืคื“ื™ื™ื.
03:39
He had been born in 1903 in the provinces
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘-1903 ื‘ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืช
03:43
of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจื•-ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื”,
03:45
in what later would become Yugoslavia.
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืคืš ืœื™ื•ื’ื•ืกืœื‘ื™ื”.
03:48
He was ostracized as a child, not because he was a Jew --
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ืœื“, ืœื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ -
03:51
his parents weren't very religious anyhow --
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” -
03:52
but because he had been born with two club feet,
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ืืœื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืขื ืงืœืื‘ืคื•ื˜,
03:55
a condition which, in those days, required institutionalization
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ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœืžื•ืกื“
04:00
and a succession of painful operations between the ages of one and 11.
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ื•ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืžื›ืื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืขื“ 11.
04:04
He went to the commercial business high school as a young man
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ื›ืื™ืฉ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืงื™ื
04:07
in Budapest, and there he was as smart as he was modest
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ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜. ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื ื•ืข,
04:12
and he enjoyed a considerable success. And after graduation
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ื•ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช, ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ
04:15
when he went into textile engineering, the success continued.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ, ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”.
04:18
He built one plant after another.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืžืคืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:20
He married and had two sons. He had friends in high places who
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฉื ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื. ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื
04:23
assured him that he was of great value to the economy.
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ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืจื‘ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”.
04:26
Once, as he had left instructions to have done,
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ืคืขื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื•,
04:31
he was summoned in the middle of the night by the night watchman at one of his plants.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื–ืขืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืžืคืขืœื™ื•.
04:34
The night watchman had caught an employee who was stealing socks --
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ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืชืคืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื’ื ื‘ ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื -
04:39
it was a hosiery mill, and he simply backed a truck up to the loading dock
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืจื•ืฉืช ืœืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื™ืช ืœืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื”
04:42
and was shoveling in mountains of socks.
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ื•ื’ืจืฃ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื”ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื.
04:43
Mr. Teszler went down to the plant and confronted the thief and said,
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ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื™ืจื“ ืœืžืคืขืœ ื•ื”ืชืขืžืช ืขื ื”ื’ื ื‘ ื•ืืžืจ,
04:47
"But why do you steal from me? If you need money you have only to ask."
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"ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ื’ื•ื ื‘ ืžืžื ื™? ืื ืืชื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื›ืกืฃ, ืขืœื™ืš ืจืง ืœื‘ืงืฉ."
04:52
The night watchman, seeing how things were going and waxing indignant,
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ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืฉืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ื•ื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ืžืจืžื•ืจ
04:56
said, "Well, we're going to call the police, aren't we?"
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ืืžืจ "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?"
04:58
But Mr. Teszler answered, "No, that will not be necessary.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื”ืฉื™ื‘, "ืœื, ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ.
05:01
He will not steal from us again."
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื’ื ื•ื‘ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื•ื‘."
05:03
Well, maybe he was too trusting, because he stayed where he was
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืื™ื‘ื™ ืžื“ื™, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•
05:08
long after the Nazi Anschluss in Austria
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ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ื— ื”ื ืืฆื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”,
05:10
and even after the arrests and deportations began in Budapest.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžืขืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜.
05:15
He took the simple precaution of having cyanide capsules placed in lockets
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช ืฆื™ืื ื™ื“ ืœืชืœื™ื•ื ื™ื
05:19
that could be worn about the necks of himself and his family.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขื ื•ื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื.
05:22
And then one day, it happened: he and his family were arrested
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ื•ืื–, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื–ื” ืงืจื”: ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื ืขืฆืจื•,
05:26
and they were taken to a death house on the Danube.
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ื•ื ืœืงื—ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื ื•ื‘ื”.
05:29
In those early days of the Final Solution, it was handcrafted brutality;
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคื™, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™-ืื•ืžืŸ -
05:33
people were beaten to death and their bodies tossed into the river.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื• ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื•ืฉืœื›ื• ืœื ื”ืจ,
05:37
But none who entered that death house had ever come out alive.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ืžืฉื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:41
And in a twist you would not believe in a Steven Spielberg film --
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ื•ื‘ืชืคื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืœื‘ืจื’,
05:45
the Gauleiter who was overseeing this brutal beating was the very same thief
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ื”ืžืคืงื“ ืฉืคื™ืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘
05:50
who had stolen socks from Mr. Teszler's hosiery mill.
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ืฉื’ื ื‘ ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืจื•ืฉืช ืœืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ.
05:54
It was a brutal beating. And midway through that brutality,
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ืื” ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืœื™ืช. ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•,
05:59
one of Mr. Teszler's sons, Andrew, looked up and said,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ, ืื ื“ืจื•, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืืžืจ,
06:02
"Is it time to take the capsule now, Papa?"
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"ื”ืื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืกื”, ืื‘ื?"
06:05
And the Gauleiter, who afterwards vanishes from this story,
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ื•ื”ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื ืืฆื™, ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ืขืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
06:09
leaned down and whispered into Mr. Teszler's ear,
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ืจื›ืŸ ืžื˜ื” ื•ืœื—ืฉ ืœืชื•ืš ืื•ื–ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ,
06:12
"No, do not take the capsule. Help is on the way."
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"ืœื, ืืœ ืชื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืกื”. ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš."
06:15
And then resumed the beating.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื”ื›ืื”.
06:17
But help was on the way, and shortly afterwards
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ืืš ื”ืขื–ืจื” - ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš
06:19
a car arrived from the Swiss Embassy.
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆืจื™ืช.
06:22
They were spirited to safety. They were reclassified as Yugoslav citizens
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ื”ื ื”ื•ื‘ืจื—ื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื. ื”ื ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื™ื•ื’ื•ืกืœื‘ื™ื™ื
06:26
and they managed to stay one step ahead of their pursuers
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืฆืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื”ื
06:29
for the duration of the War, surviving burnings and bombings
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ืœืžืฉืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช
06:33
and, at the end of the War, arrest by the Soviets.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื.
06:35
Probably, Mr. Teszler had gotten some money into Swiss bank accounts
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืง ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆืจื™ื.
06:39
because he managed to take his family first to Great Britain,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
06:43
then to Long Island and then to the center of the textile industry in the American South.
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ื•ืื– ืœืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื™ืœื ื“, ื•ืื– ืœืžืจื›ื– ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™.
06:47
Which, as chance would have it, was Spartanburg, South Carolina,
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ืกืคืจื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’, ื“ืจื•ื ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”.
06:51
the location of Wofford College.
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ืงื ืงื•ืœื’' ื•ื•ืคื•ืจื“.
06:53
And there, Mr. Teszler began all over again and once again achieved immense success,
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ื•ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื”ื—ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืจื”,
06:59
especially after he invented the process
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš
07:01
for manufacturing a new fabric called double-knit.
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ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ืงืจื ืกืจื™ื’ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”.
07:04
And then in the late 1950s, in the aftermath of Brown v. Board of Education,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ืื—ืจื™ ืคืก"ื“ ืฉืงื‘ืข ืฉื”ืคืจื“ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื’ื–ืขื™ ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช,
07:11
when the Klan was resurgent all over the South,
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ื›ืฉื”ืงืœืืŸ ืงืžื• ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ื,
07:14
Mr. Teszler said, "I have heard this talk before."
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ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ืืžืจ, "ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ."
07:18
And he called his top assistant to him and asked,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœื• ื•ืฉืืœ,
07:23
"Where would you say, in this region, racism is most virulent?"
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"ืื™ืคื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืืจืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?"
07:26
"Well, I don't rightly know, Mr. Teszler. I reckon that would be Kings Mountain."
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"ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ. ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืงื™ื ื’ืก ืžืื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ."
07:31
"Good. Buy us some land in Kings Mountain
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"ื˜ื•ื‘. ืงื ื” ืœื ื• ืื“ืžื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื ื’ืก ืžืื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ,
07:35
and announce we are going to build a major plant there."
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืคืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื."
07:37
The man did as he was told, and shortly afterwards,
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ืขืฉื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจื” ืœื•, ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš
07:40
Mr. Teszler received a visit from the white mayor of Kings Mountain.
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ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ื’ืก ืžืื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ.
07:44
Now, you should know that at that time,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ
07:47
the textile industry in the South was notoriously segregated.
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ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืฉืžืฆื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžื•ืคืจื“ืช ื’ื–ืขื™ืช.
07:50
The white mayor visited Mr. Teszler and said,
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ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืจ ืืช ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื•ืืžืจ,
07:54
"Mr. Teszler, I trust youโ€™re going to be hiring a lot of white workers."
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"ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ, ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื."
07:57
Mr. Teszler told him, "You bring me the best workers that you can find,
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ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ืืžืจ ืœื• "ืืชื” ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื,
08:01
and if they are good enough, I will hire them."
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ื•ืื ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืืฉื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื."
08:03
He also received a visit from the leader of the black community,
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”,
08:08
a minister, who said, "Mr. Teszler, I sure hope you're going to
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ื›ื•ืžืจ, ืฉืืžืจ, "ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“
08:10
hire some black workers for this new plant of yours."
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ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœืš."
08:12
He got the same answer: "You bring the best workers that you can find,
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ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: "ืืชื” ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื,
08:16
and if they are good enough, I will hire them."
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ื•ืื ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืื ื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื."
08:19
As it happens, the black minister did his job better than the white mayor,
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ืจืฆื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื•ื”ื›ื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขืฉื” ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ,
08:22
but that's neither here or there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื ืฉื.
08:23
Mr. Teszler hired 16 men: eight white, eight black.
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ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ืฉื›ืจ 16 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื.
08:27
They were to be his seed group, his future foremen.
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ื”ื ืขืžื“ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
08:30
He had installed the heavy equipment for his new process
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื•
08:33
in an abandoned store in the vicinity of Kings Mountain,
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ื‘ืžื—ืกืŸ ื ื˜ื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืงื™ื ื’ืก ืžืื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ,
08:36
and for two months these 16 men would live and work together,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื 16 ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื™ื—ื™ื• ื•ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื“
08:39
mastering the new process.
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ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.
08:40
He gathered them together after an initial tour of that facility
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ื”ื•ื ืืกืฃ ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืกื™ื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ
08:44
and he asked if there were any questions.
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ื•ืฉืืœ ืื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ.
08:46
There was hemming and hawing and shuffling of feet,
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืกื™ื ื•ื’ืžื’ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื’ืจื™ืจืช ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื,
08:48
and then one of the white workers stepped forward and said,
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ื•ืื– ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืืžืจ,
08:53
"Well, yeah. Weโ€™ve looked at this place and there's only one place to sleep,
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"ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ. ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” -- ื•ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืื—ื“,
08:56
there's only one place to eat, there's only one bathroom,
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžืงื•ื ืื›ื™ืœื” ืื—ื“, ื•ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื—ื“,
08:59
there's only one water fountain. Is this plant going to be integrated or what?"
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžื–ืจืงืช ืžื™ื ืื—ืช. ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘, ืื• ืžื”?"
09:05
Mr. Teszler said, "You are being paid twice the wages of any other textile workers in this region
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ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ืืžืจ, "ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื›ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ ื›ืœืฉื”ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
09:10
and this is how we do business. Do you have any other questions?"
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช?"
09:14
"No, I reckon I don't."
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"ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™."
09:15
And two months later when the main plant opened
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ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื ืคืชื—,
09:19
and hundreds of new workers, white and black,
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ื•ืžืื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื,
09:21
poured in to see the facility for the first time,
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ื–ืจืžื• ืคื ื™ืžื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
09:23
they were met by the 16 foremen, white and black, standing shoulder to shoulder.
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16 ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื, ืคื’ืฉื• ืื•ืชื, ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืชืฃ-ืืœ-ื›ืชืฃ.
09:29
They toured the facility and were asked if there were any questions, and
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ื”ื ืกื™ื™ืจื• ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ื•ื ืฉืืœื• ืื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ.
09:33
inevitably the same question arose:
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข, ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขืœืชื”:
09:34
"Is this plant integrated or what?"
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ื”ืื ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘, ืื• ืžื”?"
09:36
And one of the white foremen stepped forward and said,
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ืื—ื“ ืžืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืืžืจ,
09:39
"You are being paid twice the wages of any other workers
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"ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื›ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
09:43
in this industry in this region and this is how we do business.
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื›ืš ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื.
09:47
Do you have any other questions?"
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช?"
09:49
And there were none. In one fell swoop,
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืกืชืขืจื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ืื—ืช,
09:53
Mr. Teszler had integrated the textile industry in that part of the South.
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ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื”ืคืš ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช.
09:57
It was an achievement worthy of Mahatma Gandhi,
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ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื”ื˜ืžื” ื’ื ื“ื™,
10:00
conducted with the shrewdness of a lawyer and the idealism of a saint.
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ืฉื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืงื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉ.
10:04
In his eighties, Mr. Teszler, having retired from the textile industry,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื•, ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ, ืฉืคืจืฉ ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ,
10:10
adopted Wofford College,
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ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ืงื•ืœื’' ื•ื•ืคื•ืจื“
10:12
auditing courses every semester,
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ืฉื•ืžืข ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื›ืœ ืกืžืกื˜ืจ.
10:14
and because he had a tendency to kiss anything that moved,
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืฉืง ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื–,
10:18
becoming affectionately known as "Opi" -- which is Magyar for grandfather --
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ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืคื™ - ืกื‘ื ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช -
10:22
by all and sundry. Before I got there, the library of the college
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ื‘ืคื™ ื›ื•ืœื. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืฉื, ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื’'
10:26
had been named for Mr. Teszler, and after I arrived in 1993,
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ื ืงืจืื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ื‘-1993,
10:31
the faculty decided to honor itself by naming Mr. Teszler Professor of the College --
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ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ืœืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'.
10:36
partly because at that point he had already taken
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ื’ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื“ ืื– ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืงื—
10:39
all of the courses in the catalog, but mainly because
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืœื•ื’, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
10:42
he was so conspicuously wiser than any one of us.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
10:47
To me, it was immensely reassuring that the presiding spirit
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื”
10:51
of this little Methodist college in upstate South Carolina
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ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื’' ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”
10:55
was a Holocaust survivor from Central Europe.
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ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉื•ืื” ืžืžืจื›ื– ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
10:59
Wise he was, indeed, but he also had a wonderful sense of humor.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื ืคืœื.
11:03
And once for an interdisciplinary class,
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ื•ืคืขื, ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืชื—ื•ืžื™,
11:06
I was screening the opening segment of Ingmar Bergman's "The Seventh Seal."
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ื”ืงืจื ืชื™ ืืช ืงื˜ืข ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ "ื”ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™" ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื’ืžืจ ื‘ืจื’ืžืŸ.
11:10
As the medieval knight Antonius Block returns from the wild goose chase
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™-ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืžื™ ืื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืก ื‘ืœื•ืง ื—ื–ืจ ืžืžืจื“ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื ื”ืคืจืื™
11:14
of the Crusades and arrives on the rocky shore of Sweden,
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ืฉืœ ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืกืœืขื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”,
11:17
only to find the specter of death waiting for him,
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืฆืœ ื”ืจืคืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื•,
11:20
Mr. Teszler sat in the dark with his fellow students. And
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ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื.
11:24
as death opened his cloak to embrace the knight
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืคืชื— ืืช ื’ืœื™ืžืชื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื‘ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื‘ื™ืจ
11:28
in a ghastly embrace, I heard Mr. Teszler's tremulous voice:
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ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืจืคืื™ื, ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ื”ืจื•ืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ:
11:32
"Uh oh," he said, "This doesn't look so good." (Laughter)
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"ืื•ื™" ืืžืจ, "ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘."
11:36
But it was music that was his greatest passion, especially opera.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ืงืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื•ืคืจื”,
11:43
And on the first occasion that I visited his house, he gave me
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ื•ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื™
11:46
honor of deciding what piece of music we would listen to.
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ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืื™ื–ื• ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช ื ืื–ื™ืŸ.
11:50
And I delighted him by rejecting "Cavalleria Rusticana"
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ื•ืฉื™ืžื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื“ื—ื™ืชื™ ืืช "ืื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืคืจื™ืช"
11:54
in favor of Bela Bartok's "Bluebeard's Castle."
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช "ื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ" ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืง.
11:57
I love Bartok's music, as did Mr. Teszler,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืง, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ,
12:00
and he had virtually every recording of Bartok's music ever issued.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืง ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื•ืคืฆื”.
12:04
And it was at his house that I heard for the first time
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”
12:06
Bartok's Third Piano Concerto and learned from
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ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืฆ'ืจื˜ื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืคืกื ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืง, ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™
12:09
Mr. Teszler that it had been composed in nearby Asheville, North Carolina
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ืžืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื—ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื, ื‘ืืฉื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”,
12:14
in the last year of the composer's life.
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ื™ืŸ.
12:16
He was dying of leukemia and he knew it,
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ื”ื•ื ื’ืกืก ืžืœื•ืงืžื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื–ืืช,
12:19
and he dedicated this concerto to his wife,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืฆ'ืจื˜ื• ืœืืฉืชื•,
12:22
Dita, who was herself a concert pianist.
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ื“ื™ื˜ื”, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืคืกื ืชืจื ื™ืช ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื.
12:25
And into the slow, second movement, marked "adagio religioso,"
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ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ืื™ื˜ื™, ืฉืกื•ืžืŸ "ืื“ืื’'ื• ืจืœื™ื’ื™ื•ื–ื•," 212 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:15,000 ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื‘ ืืช ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืžืข
12:29
he incorporated the sounds of birdsong that he heard
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื‘ ืืช ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืžืข
12:33
outside his window in what he knew would be his last spring;
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ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื—ืœื•ื ื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
12:36
he was imagining a future for her in which he would play no part.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื•ื ื—ืœืง.
12:42
And clearly this composition is his final statement to her --
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ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆื”ืจืชื• ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื” -
12:48
it was first performed after his death --
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื• -
12:50
and through her to the world.
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ื•ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื.
12:52
And just as clearly, it is saying, "It's okay. It was all so beautiful.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช, "ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืคื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš.
12:59
Whenever you hear this, I will be there."
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืชืฉืžืขื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ืื”ื™ื” ืฉื."
13:03
It was only after Mr. Teszler's death that I learned
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
13:08
that the marker on the grave of Bela Bartok in Hartsdale, New York
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ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ื” ืขืœ ืงื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืง ื‘ื”ืจื˜ืกื“ื™ื™ืœ, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
13:12
was paid for by Sandor Teszler. "Jรณ napot, Bela!"
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ืฉื•ืœืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื ื“ื•ืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ. "Yo napot, Bela!"
13:17
Not long before Mr. Teszlerโ€™s own death at the age of 97,
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ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 97
13:22
he heard me hold forth on human iniquity.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืื•ืชื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืฉืข ืื ื•ืฉื™.
13:26
I delivered a lecture in which I described history
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ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ื” ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
13:28
as, on the whole, a tidal wave of human suffering and brutality,
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ื‘ื›ืœืœื” ื›ื’ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืคืœ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช,
13:32
and Mr. Teszler came up to me afterwards with gentle reproach and said,
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ื•ืžืจ ื˜ืกืœืจ ื‘ื ืืœื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื‘ื ื–ื™ืคื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืืžืจ,
13:37
"You know, Doctor, human beings are fundamentally good."
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"ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื."
13:43
And I made a vow to myself, then and there,
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ื•ื ื“ืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ืื– ื•ืฉื,
13:47
that if this man who had such cause to think otherwise
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ืฉืื ืื™ืฉ ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจืช,
13:51
had reached that conclusion,
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื–ื•,
13:53
I would not presume to differ until he released me from my vow.
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ืœื ืืจืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืจ ืฉืœื™,
13:57
And now he's dead, so I'm stuck with my vow.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืช, ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืชืงื•ืข ืขื ื”ื ื“ืจ ืฉืœื™.
14:01
"Jรณ napot, Sandor!"
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"Yo napot, Sandor!"
14:03
I thought my skein of Hungarian mentors had come to an end,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื,
14:07
but almost immediately I met Francis Robicsek, a Hungarian doctor --
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื™ื“ ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืคืจื ืกื™ืก ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง, ืจื•ืคื ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ -
14:14
actually a heart surgeon in Charlotte, North Carolina, then in his late seventies --
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื ืชื— ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉืืจืœื•ื˜, ื“ืจื•ื ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• -
14:18
who had been a pioneer in open-heart surgery,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ืœื‘ ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื,
14:20
and, tinkering away in his garage behind his house,
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ื•ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกืš ืฉืœื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืชื•
14:24
had invented many of the devices that are standard parts of those procedures.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื•.
14:29
He's also a prodigious art collector, beginning as an intern in Budapest
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืืกืคืŸ ืืžื ื•ืช ื ืคืœื, ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜
14:34
by collecting 16th- and 17th-century Dutch art and Hungarian painting,
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ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-16 ื•ื”-17 ื•ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื™ื,
14:38
and when he came to this country moving on to Spanish colonial art,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืœืืจืฅ ื–ื•, ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืžื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
14:43
Russian icons and finally Mayan ceramics.
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ืคืกืœื™ื ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืื™ื”.
14:46
He's the author of seven books, six of them on Mayan ceramics.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืกืคืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืื™ื”.
14:49
It was he who broke the Mayan codex, enabling scholars to relate
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืคื™ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืงืก ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœื™ื—ืก
14:53
the pictographs on Mayan ceramics to the hieroglyphs of the Mayan script.
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ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื (ืคื™ืงื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื) ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื—ืจืก ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืจื•ื’ืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื™ื”.
14:57
On the occasion of my first visit, we toured his house
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืขืจื›ื ื• ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•
15:00
and we saw hundreds of works of museum quality,
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ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืžืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ืช,
15:03
and then we paused in front of a closed door and Dr. Robicsek said,
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ื•ืื– ืขืฆืจื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื“ืœืช ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื•ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง ืืžืจ,
15:08
with obvious pride, "Now for the piece De resistance."
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ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื”, "ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœ'ืคื™ืก ื“ื” ืจื–ื™ืกื˜ื ืก'." (ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ)
15:11
And he opened the door and we walked into a
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช, ื•ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืชื•ืš
15:14
windowless 20-by-20-foot room with shelves from floor to ceiling, and
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ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื˜ืจ, ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช, ืขื ืžื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืงืจื”,
15:20
crammed on every shelf his collection of Mayan ceramics.
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ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื“ืฃ, ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืื•ืกืฃ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื—ืจืก ืฉืœื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืื™ื”.
15:22
Now, I know absolutely nothing about Mayan ceramics,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื—ืจืก ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืื™ื”,
15:24
but I wanted to be as ingratiating as possible so I said,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืฉืืช ื—ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ. ืื– ืืžืจืชื™,
15:27
"But Dr. Robicsek, this is absolutely dazzling."
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"ืื‘ืœ ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง, ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื”ืžื."
15:31
"Yes," he said. "That is what the Louvre said.
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"ื›ืŸ," ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ. "ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืœื•ื‘ืจ.
15:34
They would not leave me alone until I let them have a piece,
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ื”ื ืœื ืขื–ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ืคืฉื™ ืขื“ ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื™,
15:38
but it was not a good one." (Laughter)
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘."
15:40
Well, it occurred to me that I should invite Dr. Robicsek
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง
15:44
to lecture at Wofford College on -- what else?
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ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœื’' ื•ื•ืคื•ืจื“ ืขืœ - ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
15:47
-- Leonardo da Vinci. And further, I should invite him to meet
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- ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื” ื•ื™ื ืฆ'ื™. ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš, ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ
15:51
my oldest trustee, who had majored in French history at Yale
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ืืช ื”ื ืืžืŸ ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื™, ืฉืœืžื“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืœ
15:55
some 70-odd years before and, at 89, still ruled the world's
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ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 89 ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื˜
16:00
largest privately owned textile empire with an iron hand.
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ื‘ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื–ืœ.
16:05
His name is Roger Milliken. And Mr. Milliken agreed,
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื’'ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืงืŸ. ื•ืžืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ื,
16:09
and Dr. Robicsek agreed. And Dr. Robicsek visited
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ื•ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง ื”ืกื›ื™ื. ื•ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง ื‘ื™ืงืจ
16:12
and delivered the lecture and it was a dazzling success.
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืกื—ืจืจืช.
16:15
And afterwards we convened at the President's House with Dr. Robicsek
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง
16:19
on one hand, Mr. Milliken on the other.
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ืžืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
16:20
And it was only at that moment, as we were sitting down to dinner,
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ื•ืจืง ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘,
16:24
that I recognized the enormity of the risk I had created,
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ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื™.
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืคื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืฉื ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ืืœื•
16:27
because to bring these two titans, these two masters of the universe
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16:30
together -- it was like introducing Mothra to Godzilla over the skyline of Tokyo.
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ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื’ืช ืžื•ืช'ืจื” ืœื’ื•ื“ื–ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืงื• ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•.
16:35
If they didn't like each other, we could all get trampled to death.
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ืื ื”ื ืœื ื™ื—ื‘ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืžืก ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
16:38
But they did, they did like each other.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
16:40
They got along famously until the very end of the meal,
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ื”ื ื”ืกืชื“ืจื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ - ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื”,
16:43
and then they got into a furious argument.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื ืงืœืขื• ืœื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืกื•ืขืจ.
16:45
And what they were arguing about was this:
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”:
16:47
whether the second Harry Potter movie was as good as the first. (Laughter)
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ื”ืื ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื™ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
16:52
Mr. Milliken said it was not. Dr. Robicsek disagreed.
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ืžืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ืืžืจ ืฉืœื. ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง ื—ืœืง ืขืœื™ื•.
16:57
I was still trying to take in the notion that these titans,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ื ืืœื•,
17:01
these masters of the universe, in their spare time watch Harry Potter movies,
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ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื, ืฆืคื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ ื”ืืจื™ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™,
ื›ืฉืžืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช
17:05
when Mr. Milliken thought he would win the argument by saying,
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17:08
"You just think it's so good because you didn't read the book."
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"ืืชื” ืจืง ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืงืจืืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ"
17:11
And Dr. Robicsek reeled back in his chair, but quickly gathered his wits,
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ื•ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง ื”ืชื ื•ื“ื“ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืกืื•, ืืš ื—ื–ืจ ืœืขืฉืชื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
17:15
leaned forward and said, "Well, that is true, but I'll bet you went
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ื ืฉืขืŸ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืืžืจ, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืืชืขืจื‘ ืฉืืชื” ื”ืœื›ืช
17:18
to the movie with a grandchild." "Well, yes, I did," conceded Mr. Milliken.
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ืœืกืจื˜ ืขื ื ื›ื“." "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ืชื™," ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืงืŸ.
17:23
"Aha!" said Dr. Robicsek. "I went to the movie all by myself." (Laughter) (Applause)
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"ืื”ื”!" ืืžืจ ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง. "ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืกืจื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™."
17:28
And I realized, in this moment of revelation,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™, ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช,
17:33
that what these two men were revealing was the secret
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ืฉืžื” ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉืคื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ื“
17:37
of their extraordinary success, each in his own right.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•.
17:40
And it lay precisely in that insatiable curiosity,
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ื•ื”ืกื•ื“ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื‘ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ืขื”,
17:44
that irrepressible desire to know, no matter what the subject,
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ืื•ืชื• ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืจืกื ื• ืœื“ืขืช - ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื,
17:48
no matter what the cost,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ,
17:50
even at a time when the keepers of the Doomsday Clock
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ (ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืกืžืœื™ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื)
17:53
are willing to bet even money that the human race won't be around
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
17:56
to imagine anything in the year 2100, a scant 93 years from now.
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ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ืžื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2100, 93 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”.
18:01
"Live each day as if it is your last," said Mahatma Gandhi.
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"ื—ื™ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืžืš ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื," ืืžืจ ืžื”ื˜ืžื” ื’ื ื“ื™.
18:05
"Learn as if you'll live forever."
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"ืœืžื“ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืชื—ื™ื” ืœื ืฆื—."
18:07
This is what I'm passionate about. It is precisely this.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืœื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืืœื™ื•. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
18:12
It is this inextinguishable, undaunted appetite for learning and experience,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื•ื‘ืข, ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช,
18:21
no matter how risible, no matter how esoteric,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืื–ื•ื˜ืจื™,
18:23
no matter how seditious it might seem.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžืจื“ื ื™.
18:26
This defines the imagined futures of our fellow Hungarians --
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื,
18:32
Robicsek, Teszler and Bartok -- as it does my own.
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ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฆ'ืง ื•ื˜ืกืœืจ ื•ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืœื™.
18:37
As it does, I suspect, that of everybody here.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ, ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“, ืืช ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืืŸ.
18:41
To which I need only add, "Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves."
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ื•ืœื–ื” ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจืง "Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves."
18:47
This is our task; we know it will be hard.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื”.
18:52
"Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves. Jรณ napot, pacรกk!" (Applause)
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"Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves. Yo napot, pacak"

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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