The emergence of "4D printing" | Skylar Tibbits

1,101,085 views ใƒป 2013-04-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: benyamin zinshtein ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
This is me building a prototype
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก
00:15
for six hours straight.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 6 ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช.
00:18
This is slave labor to my own project.
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ื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™.
00:21
This is what the DIY and maker movements really look like.
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ื›ืš ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื™ืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืขืฉื”-ื–ืืช-ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
00:26
And this is an analogy for today's construction and manufacturing world
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•
00:31
with brute-force assembly techniques.
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ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื’ืก.
00:34
And this is exactly why I started studying
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“
00:37
how to program physical materials to build themselves.
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ืื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
00:41
But there is another world.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื•ืœื ื ื•ืกืฃ.
00:43
Today at the micro- and nanoscales,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื• ื•ื”ื ืื ื•,
00:45
there's an unprecedented revolution happening.
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ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื—ืกืจืช-ืชืงื“ื™ื.
00:48
And this is the ability to program physical and biological materials
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืชื›ื ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
00:52
to change shape, change properties
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื”, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
00:54
and even compute outside of silicon-based matter.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™-ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ.
00:57
There's even a software called cadnano
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ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื "ืงืื“-ื ืื ื•"
01:00
that allows us to design three-dimensional shapes
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช
01:03
like nano robots or drug delivery systems
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ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ื ืื ื• ืื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื“ืจืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
01:06
and use DNA to self-assemble those functional structures.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื "ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ื™ื ืืœื”.
01:10
But if we look at the human scale,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
01:12
there's massive problems that aren't being addressed
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
01:15
by those nanoscale technologies.
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ืžืฆื“ ืื•ืชืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื ืื ื•,
01:18
If we look at construction and manufacturing,
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ืื ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ,
01:20
there's major inefficiencies, energy consumption
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
01:24
and excessive labor techniques.
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ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช.
01:26
In infrastructure, let's just take one example.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืฉืชื™ืช, ื”ื‘ื” ื ื™ืงื— ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช.
01:29
Take piping.
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ืฆื ืจืช, ืœืžืฉืœ.
01:30
In water pipes, we have fixed-capacity water pipes
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ื‘ืฆื ืจืช ืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกืคื™ืงื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”
01:34
that have fixed flow rates, except for expensive pumps and valves.
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ื•ืงืฆื‘ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืคืจื˜ ืœืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื.
01:38
We bury them in the ground.
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ืื ื• ืงื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื“ืžื”.
01:40
If anything changes -- if the environment changes,
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ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืชื ื”-- ืื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชื ื”,
01:42
the ground moves, or demand changes --
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ื”ืื“ืžื” ืจื•ืขื“ืช, ืื• ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื--
01:45
we have to start from scratch and take them out and replace them.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื.
01:49
So I'd like to propose that we can combine those two worlds,
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ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืžืช ื”ืืœื”.
01:53
that we can combine the world of the nanoscale programmable adaptive materials
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ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื ืื ื• ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืชื’ืœื ื™ื™ื
01:58
and the built environment.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื”.
01:59
And I don't mean automated machines.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™.
02:02
I don't just mean smart machines that replace humans.
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื.
02:04
But I mean programmable materials that build themselves.
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ืืœื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
02:08
And that's called self-assembly,
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื™ "ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช",
02:10
which is a process by which disordered parts build an ordered structure
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื‘ื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจ
02:15
through only local interaction.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
02:17
So what do we need if we want to do this at the human scale?
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ืื– ืžื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ืื ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™?
02:20
We need a few simple ingredients.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
02:22
The first ingredient is materials and geometry,
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ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื”.
02:25
and that needs to be tightly coupled with the energy source.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
02:28
And you can use passive energy --
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ืœื”--
02:30
so heat, shaking, pneumatics, gravity, magnetics.
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ื—ื•ื, ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ, ืœื—ืฅ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”, ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
02:35
And then you need smartly designed interactions.
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ื•ืื– ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื”.
02:38
And those interactions allow for error correction,
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ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช,
02:40
and they allow the shapes to go from one state to another state.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืฆื‘ ืœืžืฆื‘.
02:44
So now I'm going to show you a number of projects that we've built,
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ื›ืขืช ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื•,
02:47
from one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional
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ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื“-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช, ื“ื•-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช, ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช
02:51
and even four-dimensional systems.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช.
02:54
So in one-dimensional systems --
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ืื– ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื“-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช--
02:56
this is a project called the self-folding proteins.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื™ื–ื ื”ืงืจื•ื™ "ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืงืคืœื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื".
02:58
And the idea is that you take the three-dimensional structure of a protein --
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ื”ืจืขืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ--
03:03
in this case it's the crambin protein --
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ืžื™ืŸ--
03:06
you take the backbone -- so no cross-linking, no environmental interactions --
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ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื“ืจื”-- ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืœื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฆื•ืœื‘, ืœืœื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช--
03:09
and you break that down into a series of components.
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ื•ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืกื“ืจืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื.
03:13
And then we embed elastic.
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ื•ืžื˜ืžื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื” ืืœืกื˜ื™ื•ืช.
03:15
And when I throw this up into the air and catch it,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืœื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืชื•ืคืก,
03:17
it has the full three-dimensional structure of the protein, all of the intricacies.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื•.
03:22
And this gives us a tangible model
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™
03:24
of the three-dimensional protein and how it folds
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ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืคืœ
03:28
and all of the intricacies of the geometry.
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘.
03:30
So we can study this as a physical, intuitive model.
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ืื– ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ื“ืœ ืคื™ื–ื™, ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
03:34
And we're also translating that into two-dimensional systems --
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ื•ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื’ื ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื•-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช--
03:36
so flat sheets that can self-fold into three-dimensional structures.
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ื’ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืคืœ ืžืขืฆืžื ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื™ื.
03:41
In three dimensions, we did a project last year at TEDGlobal
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืžื™ื–ื ื‘-TEDGlobal
03:45
with Autodesk and Arthur Olson
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื "ืื•ื˜ื•ื“ืกืง" ื•ืืจืชื•ืจ ืื•ืœืกื•ืŸ
03:47
where we looked at autonomous parts --
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื ื• ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื--
03:49
so individual parts not pre-connected that can come together on their own.
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื—ื•ื‘ืจื• ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžืขืฆืžื.
03:53
And we built 500 of these glass beakers.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื• 500 ืžืžื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ืืœื”.
03:56
They had different molecular structures inside
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
03:58
and different colors that could be mixed and matched.
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ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื.
04:01
And we gave them away to all the TEDsters.
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ื•ืžืกืจื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ TED,
04:03
And so these became intuitive models
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
04:05
to understand how molecular self-assembly works at the human scale.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™.
04:09
This is the polio virus.
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื•.
04:11
You shake it hard and it breaks apart.
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ืžื ืขืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื—ื–ืง ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืจืง.
04:13
And then you shake it randomly
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ื•ืื– ืžื ืขืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™
04:14
and it starts to error correct and built the structure on its own.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”.
04:18
And this is demonstrating that through random energy,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืืงืจืื™ืช,
04:21
we can build non-random shapes.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืœื-ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช.
04:25
We even demonstrated that we can do this at a much larger scale.
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ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ื’ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
04:29
Last year at TED Long Beach,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื‘ื›ื ืก TED ื‘ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ',
04:31
we built an installation that builds installations.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžืชืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืชืงื ื™ื.
04:34
The idea was, could we self-assemble furniture-scale objects?
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”, ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื›ื‘ ืžืขืฆืžื?
04:38
So we built a large rotating chamber,
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ืื– ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืชื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
04:40
and people would come up and spin the chamber faster or slower,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉื• ื•ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืžื”ืจ ืื• ืœืื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:43
adding energy to the system
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช
04:45
and getting an intuitive understanding of how self-assembly works
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ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช
04:48
and how we could use this
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ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”
04:50
as a macroscale construction or manufacturing technique for products.
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ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžืืงืจื• ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
04:54
So remember, I said 4D.
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื?, ืืžืจืชื™ 4-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื
04:56
So today for the first time, we're unveiling a new project,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ
05:00
which is a collaboration with Stratasys,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืกื˜ืจืื˜ืกื™ืก
05:02
and it's called 4D printing.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื”ื“ืคืกื” 4-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช.
05:04
The idea behind 4D printing
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืคืกื” 4-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช
05:05
is that you take multi-material 3D printing --
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืœื•ืงื— ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช ืขื ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
05:08
so you can deposit multiple materials --
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
05:11
and you add a new capability,
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ื•ืืชื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
05:13
which is transformation,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™-ืฆื•ืจื”,
05:14
that right off the bed,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉืจ ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
05:16
the parts can transform from one shape to another shape directly on their own.
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ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
05:20
And this is like robotics without wires or motors.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืขื™ื.
05:24
So you completely print this part,
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง,
05:25
and it can transform into something else.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
05:28
We also worked with Autodesk on a software they're developing called Project Cyborg.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื•ื˜ื•-ื“ืกืง ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืกื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื’"
05:33
And this allows us to simulate this self-assembly behavior
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช
05:36
and try to optimize which parts are folding when.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืื™ืœื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืชืงืคืœื™ื ืžืชื™.
05:39
But most importantly, we can use this same software
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืš, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชื•ื›ื ื”
05:42
for the design of nanoscale self-assembly systems
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”-ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื ืื ื•
05:45
and human scale self-assembly systems.
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”-ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™.
05:48
These are parts being printed with multi-material properties.
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ืืœื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžื•ื“ืคืกื™ื ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
05:51
Here's the first demonstration.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
05:53
A single strand dipped in water
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ื—ื•ื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื ื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื
05:55
that completely self-folds on its own
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ืžืชืงืคืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•
05:57
into the letters M I T.
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ืœืื•ืชื™ื•ืช M I T
06:01
I'm biased.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื—ื“.
06:03
This is another part, single strand, dipped in a bigger tank
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื—ื•ื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ื ื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:06
that self-folds into a cube, a three-dimensional structure, on its own.
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ืฉืžืชืงืคืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื”, ืžื‘ื ื” ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™, ืœื‘ื“ื•.
06:11
So no human interaction.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืื“ื.
06:13
And we think this is the first time
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
06:15
that a program and transformation
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ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืจื”
06:17
has been embedded directly into the materials themselves.
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ื”ื•ื˜ืžืขื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
06:20
And it also might just be the manufacturing technique
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
06:23
that allows us to produce more adaptive infrastructure in the future.
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ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžืกืชื’ืœืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“
06:27
So I know you're probably thinking,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืืชื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
06:28
okay, that's cool, but how do we use any of this stuff for the built environment?
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื–ื” ืžื’ื ื™ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื–ื” ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื”?
06:33
So I've started a lab at MIT,
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ืื– ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘MIT,
06:35
and it's called the Self-Assembly Lab.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืื™ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ื”-ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
06:37
And we're dedicated to trying to develop programmable materials
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืช
06:40
for the built environment.
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ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื”.
06:41
And we think there's a few key sectors
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืžืคืชื—
06:43
that have fairly near-term applications.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
06:45
One of those is in extreme environments.
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ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
06:47
These are scenarios where it's difficult to build,
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ืืœื” ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช,
06:50
our current construction techniques don't work,
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ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช,
06:52
it's too large, it's too dangerous, it's expensive, too many parts.
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ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™, ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื™, ื™ืงืจ ืžื“ื™ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื.
06:56
And space is a great example of that.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื›ืš.
06:58
We're trying to design new scenarios for space
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืœืœ
07:01
that have fully reconfigurable and self-assembly structures
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื-ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช
07:04
that can go from highly functional systems from one to another.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
07:08
Let's go back to infrastructure.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืชืฉืชื™ืช.
07:10
In infrastructure, we're working with a company out of Boston called Geosyntec.
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ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจืื™ืช ื’ื™ืื•ืกื™ื ื˜ืง.
07:14
And we're developing a new paradigm for piping.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฆื ืจืช.
07:17
Imagine if water pipes could expand or contract
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ืื• ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ
07:20
to change capacity or change flow rate,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืื• ื”ืกืคื™ืงื”
07:23
or maybe even undulate like peristaltics to move the water themselves.
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื ื•ืขื” ื’ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
07:27
So this isn't expensive pumps or valves.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื.
07:30
This is a completely programmable and adaptive pipe on its own.
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ื–ื” ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืช ื•ืžืกืชื’ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•.
07:34
So I want to remind you today
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
07:36
of the harsh realities of assembly in our world.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•
07:40
These are complex things built with complex parts
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ืืœื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
07:43
that come together in complex ways.
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ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
07:46
So I would like to invite you from whatever industry you're from
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื, ืžืื™ื–ื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ืื™ื,
07:49
to join us in reinventing and reimagining the world,
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ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
07:53
how things come together from the nanoscale to the human scale,
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ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจืžืช ื”ื ืื ื• ืœืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™
07:57
so that we can go from a world like this
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืš
08:00
to a world that's more like this.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืš.
08:12
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
08:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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