Marc Goodman: A vision of crimes in the future

220,928 views ใƒป 2012-07-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I study the future
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืช ืขืชื™ื“
00:18
of crime and terrorism,
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ื”ืคืฉืข ื•ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื
00:22
and frankly, I'm afraid.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ.
00:25
I'm afraid by what I see.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”.
00:26
I sincerely want to believe
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ืื ื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื ื•ืช, ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
00:29
that technology can bring us
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ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื•
00:31
the techno-utopia that we've been promised,
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ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•-ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืœื ื•,
00:34
but, you see,
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ืื‘ืœ, ืชืจืื•,
00:36
I've spent a career in law enforcement,
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฉืคื™ืข
00:39
and that's informed my perspective on things.
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
00:42
I've been a street police officer,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืกื™ื•ืจ,
00:44
an undercover investigator,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืœืฉ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžื•ื ื”
00:46
a counter-terrorism strategist,
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ืขืœ ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื˜ืจื•ืจ,
00:48
and I've worked in more than 70 countries
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ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-70 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
00:50
around the world.
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:51
I've had to see more than my fair share
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ื”ืกืคืงืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืื“ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ
00:53
of violence and the darker underbelly of society,
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ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ื” ื”ืืคืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
00:56
and that's informed my opinions.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื™.
01:01
My work with criminals and terrorists
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ืขื ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื•ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื
01:02
has actually been highly educational.
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ื”ืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“.
01:05
They have taught me a lot, and I'd like to be able
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ื”ื ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ
01:07
to share some of these observations with you.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื™ืžื›ื ืืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื™.
01:11
Today I'm going to show you the flip side
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื ืกืชืจ
01:13
of all those technologies that we marvel at,
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืื™ื ืžื”ืŸ
01:17
the ones that we love.
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ื•ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื.
01:19
In the hands of the TED community,
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื™ื™ืช TED,
01:21
these are awesome tools which will bring about
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ืื•ืชืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ื™ื
01:24
great change for our world,
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ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื•,
01:28
but in the hands of suicide bombers,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื,
01:30
the future can look quite different.
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ื”.
01:34
I started observing
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
01:36
technology and how criminals were using it
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”
01:38
as a young patrol officer.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืกื™ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ.
01:40
In those days, this was the height of technology.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ืกื’ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
01:44
Laugh though you will,
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžืฆื—ื™ืง,
01:46
all the drug dealers and gang members
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ื›ืœ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ื•ืคื™ื•ืช
01:47
with whom I dealt had one of these
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ืฉืื™ืชื ื”ืชืขืกืงืชื™, ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”,
01:49
long before any police officer I knew did.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™.
01:54
Twenty years later, criminals are still using
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20 ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ, ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
01:56
mobile phones, but they're also building
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื
02:00
their own mobile phone networks,
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ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืงืฉืจ ืžืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื,
02:03
like this one, which has been deployed
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื•, ืฉื ืคืจืกื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™
02:05
in all 31 states of Mexico by the narcos.
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ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ 31 ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืกื™ืงื•.
02:09
They have a national encrypted
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืจืฆื™ืช
02:11
radio communications system.
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ืžืงื•ื“ื“ืช ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืจื“ื™ื•.
02:14
Think about that.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
02:16
Think about the innovation that went into that.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื”.
02:20
Think about the infrastructure to build it.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
02:22
And then think about this:
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ื•ืื– ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”:
02:24
Why can't I get a cell phone signal in San Francisco? (Laughter)
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืกืŸ-ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•? (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:28
How is this possible? (Laughter) It makes no sense. (Applause)
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™? ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:33
We consistently underestimate
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ืื ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื–ืœื–ืœื™ื
02:34
what criminals and terrorists can do.
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
02:38
Technology has made our world
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื•
02:39
increasingly open, and for the most part,
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ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืชื•ื—, ื•ืœืจื•ื‘,
02:41
that's great, but all of this openness
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
02:44
may have unintended consequences.
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ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช.
02:46
Consider the 2008 terrorist attack on Mumbai.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืคืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™.
02:50
The men that carried that attack out were armed
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืคื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื
02:54
with AK-47s, explosives and hand grenades.
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ื‘ืงืœืฆ'ื ื™ืงื•ื‘ื™ื, ื—ื•ืžืจื™-ื ืคืฅ ื•ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื.
02:57
They threw these hand grenades
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ื”ื ื–ืจืงื• ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื
02:59
at innocent people as they sat eating in cafes
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ืขืœ ื—ืคื™ื-ืžืคืฉืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืื›ืœื• ื‘ืงืคื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช
03:02
and waited to catch trains on their way home from work.
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ืื• ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ืœืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
03:07
But heavy artillery is nothing new in terrorist operations.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืื™ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
03:10
Guns and bombs are nothing new.
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ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
03:13
What was different this time
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืคืขื
03:14
is the way that the terrorists used
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ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื•
03:17
modern information communications technologies
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ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข
03:19
to locate additional victims and slaughter them.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ื— ื‘ื”ื.
03:25
They were armed with mobile phones.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื.
03:27
They had BlackBerries.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ืœืงื‘ืจื™.
03:29
They had access to satellite imagery.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:31
They had satellite phones, and they even had night vision goggles.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืœืจืื™ื™ืช ืœื™ืœื”.
03:36
But perhaps their greatest innovation was this.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื”.
03:39
We've all seen pictures like this
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
03:41
on television and in the news. This is an operations center.
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ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ื—ื“ืจ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื.
03:44
And the terrorists built their very own op center
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื—ื“ืจ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžืฉืœื”ื
03:47
across the border in Pakistan,
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืฉื ื”ื ืขืงื‘ื•
03:50
where they monitored the BBC,
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ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”-BBC,
03:51
al Jazeera, CNN and Indian local stations.
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ืืœ-ื’'ืื–ื™ืจื”, CNN, ื•ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
03:56
They also monitored the Internet and social media
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ื”ื ื’ื ืขืงื‘ื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช
04:01
to monitor the progress of their attacks
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ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืชืงืคื•ืชื™ื”ื
04:03
and how many people they had killed.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื”ืจื•ื’.
04:05
They did all of this in real time.
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ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
04:09
The innovation of the terrorist operations center
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
04:12
gave terrorists unparalleled situational awareness
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ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื”ื ื™ื“ืข ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื
04:16
and tactical advantage over the police
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ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ืงื˜ื™ ืขืœ-ืคื ื™
04:18
and over the government.
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ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
04:21
What did they do with this?
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ืžื” ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื”?
04:22
They used it to great effect.
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ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื.
04:24
At one point during the 60-hour siege,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ 60 ื”ืฉืขื•ืช,
04:26
the terrorists were going room to room
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืžื—ื“ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ (ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ)
04:28
trying to find additional victims.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
04:31
They came upon a suite on the top floor
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ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”
04:32
of the hotel, and they kicked down the door
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ, ืคืจืฆื• ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช
04:34
and they found a man hiding by his bed.
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ื•ืžืฆืื• ืื“ื ืžืกืชืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ืชื•.
04:37
And they said to him, "Who are you,
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื•, "ืžื™ ืืชื”,
04:39
and what are you doing here?"
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ื•ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืืŸ?"
04:41
And the man replied,
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ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืขื ื”,
04:42
"I'm just an innocent schoolteacher."
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"ืื ื™ ืกืชื ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ."
04:46
Of course, the terrorists knew
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื“ืขื•
04:48
that no Indian schoolteacher stays at a suite in the Taj.
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ืฉืืฃ ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื ืžืชืื›ืกืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”-ื˜ืื’'.
04:52
They picked up his identification,
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ื”ื ื ื˜ืœื• ืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
04:54
and they phoned his name in to the terrorist war room,
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ื•ืžืกืจื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื.
04:57
where the terrorist war room Googled him,
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ืฉื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืฉื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ,
05:00
and found a picture and called their operatives
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ืžืฆืื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื”ื
05:03
on the ground and said,
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ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืืžืจื•,
05:04
"Your hostage, is he heavyset?
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"ื‘ืŸ-ื”ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ืกื•ืŸ?
05:08
Is he bald in front? Does he wear glasses?"
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืจื— ืžืงื“ื™ืžื”? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื?"
05:13
"Yes, yes, yes," came the answers.
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"ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ", ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
05:18
The op center had found him and they had a match.
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ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื”ืชืืžื”.
05:20
He was not a schoolteacher.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ.
05:21
He was the second-wealthiest businessman in India,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืก' 2 ื”ื›ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
05:25
and after discovering this information,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”,
05:26
the terrorist war room gave the order
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ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื ืชืŸ ืคืงื•ื“ื”
05:29
to the terrorists on the ground in Mumbai.
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ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™.
05:32
("Kill him.")
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("ื—ืกืœื• ืื•ืชื•.")
05:35
We all worry about our privacy settings
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:39
on Facebook,
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ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
05:40
but the fact of the matter is,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”,
05:43
our openness can be used against us.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื’ื“ื ื•.
05:46
Terrorists are doing this.
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ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
05:48
A search engine can determine
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ืžื ื•ืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข
05:52
who shall live and who shall die.
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ืžื™ ื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ ื™ืžื•ืช.
05:56
This is the world that we live in.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:59
During the Mumbai siege,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™,
06:00
terrorists were so dependent on technology
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
06:03
that several witnesses reported that
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ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืขื“ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“
06:05
as the terrorists were shooting hostages with one hand,
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ืื—ืช,
06:08
they were checking their mobile phone messages
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ื™ื“ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
06:10
in the very other hand.
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ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื.
06:13
In the end, 300 people were gravely wounded
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, 300 ืื™ืฉ ื ืคืฆืขื• ืงืฉื”
06:16
and over 172 men, women and children
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-172 ืื™ืฉ, ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื™ืœื“
06:20
lost their lives that day.
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ืงื™ืคื—ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื.
06:24
Think about what happened.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืžื” ืงืจื”.
06:26
During this 60-hour siege on Mumbai,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ 60 ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™,
06:29
10 men armed not just with weapons,
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10 ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื ืฉืงื™ื,
06:33
but with technology,
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
06:35
were able to bring a city of 20 million people
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
06:39
to a standstill.
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ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ.
06:41
Ten people brought 20 million people
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ืขืฉืจื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ
06:43
to a standstill, and this traveled around the world.
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ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:47
This is what radicals can do with openness.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช.
06:53
This was done nearly four years ago.
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ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ 4 ืฉื ื™ื.
06:56
What could terrorists do today
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ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
06:58
with the technologies available that we have?
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ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•?
07:00
What will they do tomorrow?
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ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ืžื—ืจ?
07:04
The ability of one to affect many
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื
07:06
is scaling exponentially,
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ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ืช,
07:09
and it's scaling for good and it's scaling for evil.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืจืข.
07:13
It's not just about terrorism, though.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ืจืง ืœื˜ืจื•ืจ.
07:15
There's also been a big paradigm shift in crime.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคืฉืข.
07:17
You see, you can now commit more crime as well.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉืข.
07:22
In the old days, it was a knife and a gun.
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืขื‘ืจื•, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื•ืืงื“ื—.
07:24
Then criminals moved to robbing trains.
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ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืฉื•ื“ ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
07:26
You could rob 200 people on a train, a great innovation.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื“ื•ื“ 200 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื“ื™ืจ.
07:30
Moving forward, the Internet
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ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืขื•ื“, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
07:32
allowed things to scale even more.
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื•ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:34
In fact, many of you will remember
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื”
07:35
the recent Sony PlayStation hack.
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ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื ื™ ืคืœื™ื™ืกื˜ืฉืŸ.
07:37
In that incident, over 100 million people were robbed.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงืจื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื ืฉื“ื“ื•.
07:44
Think about that.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
07:45
When in the history of humanity
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ืžืชื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
07:47
has it ever been possible for one person
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
07:49
to rob 100 million?
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ืœืื“ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืฉื“ื•ื“ 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ?
07:54
Of course, it's not just about stealing things.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื“.
07:56
There are other avenues of technology
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ื™ืฉื ื ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ื
07:59
that criminals can exploit.
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ.
08:00
Many of you will remember this super cute video
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื—ืžื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”
08:03
from the last TED,
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ืžื”-TED ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
08:06
but not all quadcopter swarms are so nice and cute.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ื ื—ื™ืœื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ 4 ืจื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื” ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
08:11
They don't all have drumsticks.
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ืœื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืงืœื•ืช-ืชื™ืคื•ืฃ.
08:13
Some can be armed with HD cameras
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ื—ืœืงื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช HD
08:15
and do countersurveillance on protesters,
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ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื,
08:17
or, as in this little bit of movie magic,
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ืื•, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืง ืงื˜ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืจื˜,
08:20
quadcopters can be loaded with firearms
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ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืกื•ืงื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืช
08:24
and automatic weapons.
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ื ืฉืง ื—ื ื•ืžืงืœืขื™ื.
08:27
Little robots are cute when they play music to you.
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ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”.
08:30
When they swarm and chase you down the block
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•
08:33
to shoot you, a little bit less so.
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ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•, ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ื“.
08:37
Of course, criminals and terrorists weren't the first
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ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื•ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
08:39
to give guns to robots. We know where that started.
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ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื ืฉืง ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื. ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืคื” ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ.
08:41
But they're adapting quickly.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืกืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
08:43
Recently, the FBI arrested
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”-FBI ืขืฆืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
08:45
an al Qaeda affiliate in the United States,
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ืื“ื ื”ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืš ืœืืœ-ืงืืขื™ื“ื”,
08:47
who was planning on using these remote-controlled
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ืฉืชื™ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ื›ืืœื”
08:48
drone aircraft to fly C4 explosives
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ื‘ืฉืœื˜ ืจื—ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ื—ื•ืžืจื™-ื ืคืฅ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื™ื
08:51
into government buildings in the United States.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
08:54
By the way, these travel at over 600 miles an hour.
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื”ื ื˜ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืžืขืœ 1,000 ืงืž"ืฉ.
08:59
Every time a new technology is being introduced,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื ื›ื ืกืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
09:02
criminals are there to exploit it.
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ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฆืœื”.
09:04
We've all seen 3D printers.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื ื• ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“.
09:06
We know with them that you can print
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ืื™ืชืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก
09:07
in many materials ranging from plastic
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื -- ืžืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง
09:10
to chocolate to metal and even concrete.
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ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืขื“ ืžืชื›ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ.
09:14
With great precision
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“
09:16
I actually was able to make this
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ืื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื–ื”
09:18
just the other day, a very cute little ducky.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืจื‘, ื‘ืจื•ื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื—ืžื•ื“.
09:25
But I wonder to myself,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื”,
09:27
for those people that strap bombs to their chests
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ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื™ื”ื
09:34
and blow themselves up,
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ื•ืžืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื,
09:35
how might they use 3D printers?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“?
09:38
Perhaps like this.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืš.
09:43
You see, if you can print in metal,
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ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืขืœ ืžืชื›ืช,
09:45
you can print one of these,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”,
09:48
and in fact
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”
09:54
you can also print one of these too.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ื’ื ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”.
10:00
The UK I know has some very strict firearms laws.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืฉืง ื—ื.
10:05
You needn't bring the gun into the UK anymore.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืงื“ื— ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
10:07
You just bring the 3D printer
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ืคืกืช ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“
10:09
and print the gun while you're here,
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ื•ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ืืงื“ื— ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ,
10:11
and, of course, the magazines for your bullets.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื.
10:15
But as these get bigger in the future,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื™ืžื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
10:16
what other items will you be able to print?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก?
10:18
The technologies are allowing bigger printers.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
10:22
As we move forward,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื,
10:23
we'll see new technologies also, like the Internet of Things.
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ื ืจืื” ื’ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื.
10:26
Every day we're connecting more and more of our lives
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:28
to the Internet, which means
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
10:30
that the Internet of Things will soon be
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ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
10:34
the Internet of Things To Be Hacked.
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ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ.
10:36
All of the physical objects in our space
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ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื ื•
10:38
are being transformed into information technologies,
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ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข,
10:41
and that has a radical implication for our security,
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ื•ืœื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื•,
10:45
because more connections to more devices
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ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื,
10:48
means more vulnerabilities.
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
10:50
Criminals understand this.
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ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื–ืืช.
10:52
Terrorists understand this. Hackers understand this.
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ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื–ืืช. ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื–ืืช.
10:54
If you control the code, you control the world.
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ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืงื•ื“, ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:57
This is the future that awaits us.
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ื–ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืžื—ื›ื” ืœื ื•.
11:02
There has not yet been an operating system
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื”
11:05
or a technology that hasn't been hacked.
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ืื• ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื ืคืจืฆื”.
11:07
That's troubling, since the human body itself
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ื–ื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•
11:10
is now becoming an information technology.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข.
11:13
As we've seen here, we're transforming ourselves into cyborgs.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืจื’ื™ื (ืื“ื-ืžื›ื•ื ื”).
11:17
Every year, thousands of cochlear implants,
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ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžื•ืฉืชืœื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืชืœื™ื
11:19
diabetic pumps, pacemakers
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ื‘ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ, ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื›ืจืช,
11:21
and defibrillators are being implanted in people.
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ืงื•ืฆื‘ื™-ืœื‘ ื•ืžื•ื ืขื™ ืคื™ืจืคื•ืจื™-ืœื‘.
11:24
In the United States, there are 60,000 people
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉื ื 60,000 ืื ืฉื™ื
11:26
who have a pacemaker that connects to the Internet.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
11:29
The defibrillators allow a physician at a distance
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ืžื•ื ืขื™ ืคื™ืจืคื•ืจื™-ืœื‘ ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืจื•ืคื ืžืจื•ื—ืง
11:32
to give a shock to a heart
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ืœืชืช ื”ืœื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืœืœื‘
11:34
in case a patient needs it.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื–ื”.
11:37
But if you don't need it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ืงื•ืง,
11:39
and somebody else gives you the shock,
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ืœื,
11:40
it's not a good thing.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
11:44
Of course, we're going to go even deeper than the human body.
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ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื.
11:47
We're going down to the cellular level these days.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื”ืชื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”.
11:50
Up until this point, all the technologies
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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
11:52
I've been talking about have been silicon-based, ones and zeroes,
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ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืื—ื“ ื•ืืคืก,
11:56
but there's another operating system out there:
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช:
11:58
the original operating system, DNA.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื”-DNA.
12:03
And to hackers, DNA is just another operating system
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื, ื”-DNA ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื”
12:08
waiting to be hacked.
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ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื” ืœืคืจื™ืฆื”.
12:10
It's a great challenge for them.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืชื’ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื.
12:11
There are people already working on hacking the software of life,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืชื•ื›ื ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
12:14
and while most of them are doing this to great good
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ
12:17
and to help us all,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•,
12:19
some won't be.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืœื.
12:22
So how will criminals abuse this?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื ืฆืœื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืจืขื”?
12:24
Well, with synthetic biology you can do some pretty neat things.
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ืขื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ืคื™ืงื—ื™ื™ื.
12:26
For example, I predict that we will move away
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ
12:29
from a plant-based narcotics world
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ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื
12:32
to a synthetic one. Why do you need the plants anymore?
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™. ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื?
12:36
You can just take the DNA code from marijuana
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ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”
12:39
or poppies or coca leaves
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ืื• ืคืจื’ ืื• ืขืœื™ ืงื•ืงื”,
12:43
and cut and past that gene
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ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื,
12:46
and put it into yeast,
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ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ื
12:48
and you can take those yeast
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ื•ืื– ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉืžืจื™ื
12:50
and make them make the cocaine for you,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ,
12:53
or the marijuana, or any other drug.
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ืื• ื”ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”, ืื• ื›ืœ ืกื ืื—ืจ.
12:57
So how we use yeast in the future
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“
12:59
is going to be really interesting.
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ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
13:01
In fact, we may have some really interesting bread and beer
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืœื—ื ื•ื‘ื™ืจื”
13:03
as we go into this next century.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ื ืขื™ื ื”ืœืื” ื‘ืžืื” ื–ื•.
13:07
The cost of sequencing the human genome is dropping precipitously.
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ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื’ื ื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชืœื™ืœื•ืช.
13:11
It was proceeding at Moore's Law pace,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื“ื” ืคืขื ืœืคื™ ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืจ,
13:13
but then in 2008, something changed.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื‘-2008, ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืฉืชื ื”.
13:15
The technologies got better,
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•,
13:17
and now DNA sequencing is proceeding at a pace
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื’ื ื•ื ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘
13:21
five times that of Moore's Law.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™-5 ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืจ.
13:24
That has significant implications for us.
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ื•ืœื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื ื•.
13:28
It took us 30 years to get from
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ืœืงื— ืœื ื• 30 ืฉื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
13:30
the introduction of the personal computer
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ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
13:32
to the level of cybercrime we have today,
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ืœืจืžืช ืคืฉืขื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื™ื•ื,
13:35
but looking at how biology is proceeding so rapidly,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ,
13:38
and knowing criminals and terrorists as I do,
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ื•ื‘ื”ื›ื™ืจื™ ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืคืฉืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืœื”,
13:40
we may get there a lot faster
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ืื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ --
13:43
with biocrime in the future.
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ืœืคืฉืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
13:45
It will be easy for anybody to go ahead
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“
13:47
and print their own bio-virus,
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ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•-ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืžืฉืœื•,
13:49
enhanced versions of ebola or anthrax,
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ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืœื” ืื• ืื ืชืจืงืก,
13:51
weaponized flu.
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืคืขืช ื›ื›ืœื™-ื ืฉืง.
13:53
We recently saw a case where some researchers
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื
13:56
made the H5N1 avian influenza virus more potent.
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช, ื”-H5N1, ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื™ื“.
14:01
It already has a 70 percent mortality rate
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื—ื•ื– ืชืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ 70%
14:04
if you get it, but it's hard to get.
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ืื ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง.
14:06
Engineers, by moving around a small number
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ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ืžืช ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ
14:09
of genetic changes,
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื,
14:10
were able to weaponize it
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืคื›ื• ืœื›ืœื™-ื ืฉืง
14:12
and make it much more easy for human beings to catch,
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ื•ืœื›ื–ื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืื™ืชื• ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื,
14:15
so that not thousands of people would die,
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืืœืคื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืžื•ืชื•,
14:18
but tens of millions.
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ืืœื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
14:19
You see, you can go ahead and create
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
14:22
new pandemics, and the researchers who did this
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ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื–ืืช
14:24
were so proud of their accomplishments,
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ื” ื’ืื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื™ื’ื™ื”ื,
14:25
they wanted to publish it openly
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ืฉื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืคืจืกืžื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
14:27
so that everybody could see this
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืชื
14:29
and get access to this information.
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ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”.
14:33
But it goes deeper than that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืžื•ืง ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:35
DNA researcher Andrew Hessel
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ื—ื•ืงืจ DNA, ืื ื“ืจื™ื• ื”ืกืœ,
14:37
has pointed out quite rightly
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ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืฆื“ืง
14:39
that if you can use cancer treatments,
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ืฉืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
14:41
modern cancer treatments,
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื,
14:42
to go after one cell while leaving all the other cells
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ืชื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืชืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
14:45
around it intact,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื,
14:47
then you can also go after any one person's cell.
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ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืืชืจ ืชืื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
14:51
Personalized cancer treatments
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื
14:53
are the flip side of personalized bioweapons,
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ื”ื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืื™ืฉื™,
14:55
which means you can attack any one individual,
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ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
14:59
including all the people in this picture.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•.
15:03
How will we protect them in the future?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื’ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“?
15:07
What to do? What to do about all this?
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ืื– ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช? ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”?
15:10
That's what I get asked all the time.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
15:12
For those of you who follow me on Twitter,
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ืœืืœื” ืžื›ื ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
15:14
I will be tweeting out the answer later on today. (Laughter)
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ืืฉื’ืจ ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:18
Actually, it's a bit more complex than that,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืžื–ื”
15:21
and there are no magic bullets.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื™ ืงืกื.
15:23
I don't have all the answers,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช,
15:25
but I know a few things.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
15:27
In the wake of 9/11,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื,
15:29
the best security minds
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ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื› ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื
15:32
put together all their innovation
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ื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™
15:34
and this is what they created for security.
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ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื•.
15:38
If you're expecting the people who built this to protect you
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ืื ืืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•
15:42
from the coming robopocalypse โ€” (Laughter)
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ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•-ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคืกื” ื”ืžืชืจื’ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื ื• -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:46
โ€” uh, you may want to have a backup plan. (Laughter)
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-- ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:49
Just saying. Just think about that. (Applause)
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ืกืชื ื”ืขืจื”. ืจืง ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:55
Law enforcement is currently a closed system.
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ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื”.
15:58
It's nation-based, while the threat is international.
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ื”ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
16:01
Policing doesn't scale globally. At least, it hasn't,
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ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื.
16:05
and our current system of guns, border guards, big gates and fences
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ืฉืขืจื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
16:09
are outdated in the new world into which we're moving.
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ืชื•ืงืคื ืคื’ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœืชื•ื›ื• ืื ื• ื ืขื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข.
16:12
So how might we prepare for some of these specific threats,
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ืื– ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
16:14
like attacking a president or a prime minister?
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื• ืจืืฉ-ืžืžืฉืœื”?
16:17
This would be the natural government response,
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ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื”,
16:19
to hide away all our government leaders
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ืœื”ื—ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
16:21
in hermetically sealed bubbles.
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื˜ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืžื˜ื™ืช.
16:23
But this is not going to work.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“.
16:25
The cost of doing a DNA sequence is going to be trivial.
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ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืฆืฃ ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืกื™ืช.
16:28
Anybody will have it and we will all have them in the future.
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื•.
16:31
So maybe there's a more radical way that we can look at this.
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื—ื™ืงืช-ืœื›ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
16:35
What happens if we were to take
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื
16:37
the President's DNA, or a king or queen's,
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ืืช ื”-DNA ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ืื• ืžืœืš ืื• ืžืœื›ื”,
16:40
and put it out to a group of a few hundred
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช
16:42
trusted researchers so they could
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ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“
16:44
study that DNA and do penetration testing against it
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ืืช ื”-DNA ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืชื•ื›ื•
16:47
as a means of helping our leaders?
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ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื?
16:49
Or what if we sent it out to a few thousand?
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ืื• ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ื?
16:51
Or, controversially, and not without its risks,
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ืื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื•ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื,
16:54
what happens if we just gave it to the whole public?
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ?
16:57
Then we could all be engaged in helping.
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ืื– ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข.
17:01
We've already seen examples of this working well.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
17:03
The Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project
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ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืคืฉืข ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื•ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช
17:06
is staffed by journalists and citizens
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ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื,
17:08
where they are crowd-sourcing
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ื‘ื• ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
17:09
what dictators and terrorists are doing
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
17:12
with public funds around the world,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
17:14
and, in a more dramatic case,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
17:15
we've seen in Mexico,
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื›ืกื™ืงื•,
17:18
a country that has been racked
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœืช
17:19
by 50,000 narcotics-related murders
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ืž-50,000 ืจืฆื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืžื™ื
17:23
in the past six years.
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ื‘-6 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
17:25
They're killing so many people
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”
17:27
they can't even afford to bury them all
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ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ืืช
17:29
in anything but these unmarked graves
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ื›ื•ืœื ืืœื ื‘ืงื‘ืจื™ ืื—ื™ื ืืœื”
17:31
like this one outside of Ciudad Juarez.
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ื‘ืคืืชื™ ืกื™ื•ื“ืื“ ื—ื•ืืจื–.
17:34
What can we do about this? The government has proven ineffective.
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ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”? ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื›ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื”.
17:37
So in Mexico, citizens, at great risk to themselves,
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ื‘ืžื›ืกื™ืงื•, ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
17:40
are fighting back to build an effective solution.
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ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื.
17:44
They're crowd-mapping the activities of the drug dealers.
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ื”ื ืžืžืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ื•ืจืฃ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ืกืžื™ื.
17:48
Whether or not you realize it,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื ืื• ืฉืœื,
17:50
we are at the dawn of a technological arms race,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
17:54
an arms race between people
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ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
17:56
who are using technology for good
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ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”
17:58
and those who are using it for ill.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืœืจืขื”.
18:00
The threat is serious, and the time to prepare for it is now.
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ื”ืื™ื•ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืœื™ื•.
18:04
I can assure you that the terrorists and criminals are.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื›ื ืฉื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื.
18:08
My personal belief is that,
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ืืžื•ื ืชื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื
18:10
rather than having a small, elite force
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ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ
18:12
of highly trained government agents
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื
18:14
here to protect us all,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•,
18:15
we're much better off
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ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
18:17
having average and ordinary citizens
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื
18:19
approaching this problem as a group
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ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”
18:22
and seeing what we can do.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
18:23
If we all do our part,
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ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื—ืœืงื™ื ื•,
18:24
I think we'll be in a much better space.
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ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื™ื.
18:26
The tools to change the world
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ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
18:28
are in everybody's hands.
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“.
18:30
How we use them is not just up to me,
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ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ืจืง ื‘ื™,
18:32
it's up to all of us.
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ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
18:35
This was a technology I would frequently deploy
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื ื”ื’ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
18:38
as a police officer.
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ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืจ.
18:39
This technology has become outdated in our current world.
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•, ืคื’ ืชื•ืงืคื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
18:43
It doesn't scale, it doesn't work globally,
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
18:46
and it surely doesn't work virtually.
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ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช.
18:48
We've seen paradigm shifts in crime and terrorism.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืคืฉืข ื•ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
18:51
They call for a shift to a more open form
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืชื•ื—ื”
18:56
and a more participatory form of law enforcement.
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ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง.
19:01
So I invite you to join me.
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ืื ื™ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื›ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื™.
19:03
After all, public safety is too important to leave to the professionals.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
19:08
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
19:11
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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