These Robots Come to the Rescue after a Disaster | Robin Murphy | TED Talks

Prevoditelj: Sonja Žarić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Over a million people are killed each year in disasters.

Svake godine u katastrofama pogine preko milijun ljudi.

Two and a half million people will be permanently disabled or displaced,

Dva i pol milijuna ljudi je trajno onesposobljeno i raseljeno,

and the communities will take 20 to 30 years to recover

a zajednicama je potrebno 20 do 30 godina za oporavak

and billions of economic losses.

dok ekonomski gubici broje milijarde.

If you can reduce the initial response by one day,

Kad bi se početni odaziv smanjio za jedan dan

you can reduce the overall recovery

bilo bi moguće smanjiti cjelokupni oporavak

by a thousand days, or three years.

za tisuću dana ili tri godine.

See how that works?

Pogledajmo kako to radi?

If the initial responders can get in, save lives,

Kad bi početni odaziv stigao, spasio živote

mitigate whatever flooding danger there is,

ublažio prisutne opasnosti poplave,

that means the other groups can get in

druge grupe bi mogle prići

to restore the water, the roads, the electricity,

vratiti vodu, ceste, struju.

which means then the construction people, the insurance agents,

Što znači da građevinari, osiguravatelji,

all of them can get in to rebuild the houses,

svi oni bi mogli prići i obnoviti kuće,

which then means you can restore the economy,

što znači da je moguće obnoviti ekonomiju,

and maybe even make it better and more resilient to the next disaster.

a možda i poboljšati i učiniti otpornijom na sljedeću katastrofu.

A major insurance company told me

Velika osiguravajuća tvrtka je rekla

that if they can get a homeowner's claim processed one day earlier,

da kad bi se zahtjev vlasnika kuća obradio jedan dan ranije,

it'll make a difference of six months

činilo bi razliku od šest mjeseci

in that person getting their home repaired.

u popravku doma te osobe.

And that's why I do disaster robotics --

I zato se ja bavim robotikom katastrofa --

because robots can make a disaster go away faster.

zato što omogućuju ubrzavanje prolaska katastrofe.

Now, you've already seen a couple of these.

Sada, već ste vidjeli nekoliko ovakvih.

These are the UAVs.

Ovo su UAV-i.

These are two types of UAVs:

Ovo su dvije vrste UAV-a:

a rotorcraft, or hummingbird;

letjelica s rotirajućim krilima, kolibri

a fixed-wing, a hawk.

letjelica s nepokretnim krilom, sokol

And they're used extensively since 2005 --

A opsežno se koriste od 2005. godine --

Hurricane Katrina.

Uragana Katrina.

Let me show you how this hummingbird, this rotorcraft, works.

Pokazat ću vam kako ovaj kolibri, ova rotirajuća letjelica, radi.

Fantastic for structural engineers.

Fantastično za građevinske inženjere.

Being able to see damage from angles you can't get from binoculars on the ground

Mogu vidjeti oštećenje iz kuteva koje ne dohvati dalekozor sa tla

or from a satellite image,

ili satelitska snimka,

or anything flying at a higher angle.

ili bilo što, što leti pod višim kutem.

But it's not just structural engineers and insurance people who need this.

Ali ne trebaju samo građevinari i osiguravatelji ovakvu tehnologiju.

You've got things like this fixed-wing, this hawk.

Postoji nešto kao što je ova letjelica, sokol.

Now, this hawk can be used for geospatial surveys.

Ova letjelica se može koristiti za prostorne nadzore.

That's where you're pulling imagery together

Pri tome se spajaju slike zajedno

and getting 3D reconstruction.

i dobiva 3D rekonstrukcija.

We used both of these at the Oso mudslides up in Washington State,

Koristili smo obje pri pregledu Oso klizišta u državi Washington,

because the big problem

jer je veliki problem

was geospatial and hydrological understanding of the disaster --

bilo prostorno i hidrološko razumijevanje katastrofe --

not the search and rescue.

a ne potraga i spašavanje.

The search and rescue teams had it under control

Spasilački timovi su imali sve pod kontrolom

and knew what they were doing.

i znali su što rade.

The bigger problem was that river and mudslide might wipe them out

Veći je problem je bila mogućnost da ih rijeka i klizište ne uništi

and flood the responders.

i poplavi odaziv.

And not only was it challenging to the responders and property damage,

I ne samo da je bio izazov za odaziv i štetu imovine,

it's also putting at risk the future of salmon fishing

već je postala rizična i budućnost ribolova lososa

along that part of Washington State.

u tom dijelu države Washington.

So they needed to understand what was going on.

Zato je bilo potrebno razumijeti što se događa.

In seven hours, going from Arlington,

Za sedam sati, odlaskom iz Arlingtona,

driving from the Incident Command Post to the site, flying the UAVs,

vožnja od Zapovjednog mjesta incidenta do poprišta, let UAV-a,

processing the data, driving back to Arlington command post --

obrada podataka, vožnja natrag u zapovjedno mjesto Arlington --

seven hours.

sedam sati.

We gave them in seven hours data that they could take

Imali su sedam sati za podatke kojima inače treba

only two to three days to get any other way --

dva do tri dana bilo kojim drugim načinom --

and at higher resolution.

i u većoj razlučivosti.

It's a game changer.

Totalni preokret.

And don't just think about the UAVs.

I ne mislite samo na UAV-e.

I mean, they are sexy -- but remember,

Mislim, seksi su -- ali sjetite se,

80 percent of the world's population lives by water,

80 posto svjetske populacije živi pokraj vode,

and that means our critical infrastructure is underwater --

što znači da je kritična infrastruktura ispod vode --

the parts that we can't get to, like the bridges and things like that.

dijelovi do kojih ne možemo doći, kao što su mostovi i drugo.

And that's why we have unmanned marine vehicles,

Zato imamo bezposadna morska vozila,

one type of which you've already met, which is SARbot, a square dolphin.

jednog tipa kojeg ste već sreli, SAR-bot, četvrtasti delfin.

It goes underwater and uses sonar.

Ide ispod vode i koristi sonar.

Well, why are marine vehicles so important

Dakle, zašto su morska vozila toliko bitna

and why are they very, very important?

i zašto su tako jako, jako bitna?

They get overlooked.

Često se previde.

Think about the Japanese tsunami --

Razmislite o tsunamiju u Japanu --

400 miles of coastland totally devastated,

644 km obale potpuno uništeno,

twice the amount of coastland devastated by Hurricane Katrina in the United States.

dvostruko više od količine obale uništene uraganom Katrina u SAD-u.

You're talking about your bridges, your pipelines, your ports -- wiped out.

Pričamo o vašim mostovima, cijevima, lukama -- uništeni.

And if you don't have a port,

A ako nemate luku,

you don't have a way to get in enough relief supplies

nemate način da stigne pomoćna opskrba

to support a population.

da izdrži populaciju.

That was a huge problem at the Haiti earthquake.

To je bio ogroman problem kod potresa na Haitiju.

So we need marine vehicles.

Zato su nam potrebna morska vozila

Now, let's look at a viewpoint from the SARbot

Sad, pogledajmo gledište SAR-bota

of what they were seeing.

što su oni vidjeli.

We were working on a fishing port.

Radili smo na ribarskoj luci.

We were able to reopen that fishing port, using her sonar, in four hours.

Otvorili smo tu ribarsku luku, koristeći sonar, za četiri sata.

That fishing port was told it was going to be six months

Ribarskoj luci su rekli da je potrebno šest mjeseci

before they could get a manual team of divers in,

da bi tim ronioca prišao,

and it was going to take the divers two weeks.

i da će roniocima biti potrebno dva tjedna.

They were going to miss the fall fishing season,

Propustili bi jesensku ribarsku sezonu,

which was the major economy for that part, which is kind of like their Cape Cod.

što je velik ekonomski gubitak za taj kraj koji je nešto kao njihov Cape Cod.

UMVs, very important.

UMV, vrlo značajni.

But you know, all the robots I've shown you have been small,

Ali znate, svi roboti koje sam vam pokazala su bili mali,

and that's because robots don't do things that people do.

a to je zato što roboti ne rade stvari koje ljudi rade.

They go places people can't go.

Idu na mjesta na koja ljudi ne mogu.

And a great example of that is Bujold.

Izvrstan primjer za to je Bujold.

Unmanned ground vehicles are particularly small,

Bezposadna vozila na tlu su posebno mala,

so Bujold --

pa Bujold --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Say hello to Bujold.

Pozdravite Bujolda.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Bujold was used extensively at the World Trade Center

Bujold se opsežno koristio u WTC-u

to go through Towers 1, 2 and 4.

u tornjevima 1, 2 i 4.

You're climbing into the rubble, rappelling down, going deep in spaces.

Penjete se po ruševinama, spuštate se, idete dubokim prolazima.

And just to see the World Trade Center from Bujold's viewpoint, look at this.

Da bi vidjeli WTC iz perspektive Bujolda, pogledajte ovo.

You're talking about a disaster where you can't fit a person or a dog --

Pričamo o katastrofi gdje ne stane osoba ni pas --

and it's on fire.

i pri tome je požar.

The only hope of getting to a survivor way in the basement,

Jedina nada da dođete do prolaska za spas u podrumu,

you have to go through things that are on fire.

je da prođete kroz vatru.

It was so hot, on one of the robots, the tracks began to melt and come off.

Bilo je toliko vruće, da se na jednom robotu gusjenica počela topiti i spadati.

Robots don't replace people or dogs,

Roboti ne zamjenjuju ljude ili pse,

or hummingbirds or hawks or dolphins.

ili kolibrije ili sokole ili delfine.

They do things new.

Rade stvari na nov način.

They assist the responders, the experts, in new and innovative ways.

Pomažu odazivu, stručnjacima na nove i inovativne načine.

The biggest problem is not making the robots smaller, though.

Najveći problem nije napraviti robote manjima.

It's not making them more heat-resistant.

Niti otpornijima na toplinu.

It's not making more sensors.

Niti napraviti više senzora.

The biggest problem is the data, the informatics,

Najveći problem su podaci, informatika,

because these people need to get the right data at the right time.

zato što ovi ljudi trebaju prave podatke u pravo vrijeme.

So wouldn't it be great if we could have experts immediately access the robots

Ne bi li bilo divno da stručnjaci mogu odmah pristupiti robotima

without having to waste any time of driving to the site,

bez gubljenja vremena na vožnju do poprišta nesreće,

so whoever's there, use their robots over the Internet.

pa tko god je tamo, iskoristi svog robota preko interneta.

Well, let's think about that.

Razmislimo o tome.

Let's think about a chemical train derailment in a rural county.

Razmislimo o kemijskom iskliznuću vlaka u seoskom okrugu.

What are the odds that the experts, your chemical engineer,

Koje su šanse da su stručnjaci, vaš kemijski inženjer,

your railroad transportation engineers,

vaši inženjeri željezničkog prijevoza,

have been trained on whatever UAV that particular county happens to have?

trenirani na bilo kakvom UAV-u kojeg vaš okrug posjeduje?

Probably, like, none.

Vjerojatno, nikakve.

So we're using these kinds of interfaces

Zato koristimo ovakva sučelja

to allow people to use the robots without knowing what robot they're using,

da omogućimo ljudima da koriste robote bez znanja kojeg robota koriste.

or even if they're using a robot or not.

ili koriste li uopće robote ili ne.

What the robots give you, what they give the experts, is data.

Ono što roboti daju, što roboti daju stručnjacima, su podaci.

The problem becomes: who gets what data when?

Problem je dakle: tko dobiva podatke i kada?

One thing to do is to ship all the information to everybody

Jedna stvar je dostaviti sve informacije svima

and let them sort it out.

i pustiti da ih sortiraju.

Well, the problem with that is it overwhelms the networks,

Problem pri tome je preopterećenje mreža,

and worse yet, it overwhelms the cognitive abilities

i još gore, preopterećuje kognitivne sposobnosti

of each of the people trying to get that one nugget of information

svakog čovjeka koji pokušava doći do komadića informacije

they need to make the decision that's going to make the difference.

oni moraju donijeti odluke koje će donijeti promjenu.

So we need to think about those kinds of challenges.

Zato moramo razmisliti o takvim izazovima.

So it's the data.

Dakle, podaci su u pitanju

Going back to the World Trade Center,

Vratimo se na WTC,

we tried to solve that problem by just recording the data from Bujold

pokušavali smo rješiti taj problem snimajući samo podatke iz Bujolda

only when she was deep in the rubble,

samo kad je bila duboko u ruševinama,

because that's what the USAR team said they wanted.

zato što je USAR tim to tražio.

What we didn't know at the time

Ono što nismo znali tada

was that the civil engineers would have loved,

je da bi građevinski inženjeri voljeli,

needed the data as we recorded the box beams, the serial numbers,

trebali podatke dok smo snimali noseće grede, serijske brojeve,

the locations, as we went into the rubble.

lokacije, dok je ulazila dublje u ruševine.

We lost valuable data.

Izgubili smo vrijedne podatke.

So the challenge is getting all the data

Prema tome, izazov je prikupiti sve podatke

and getting it to the right people.

i dostaviti pravim ljudima.

Now, here's another reason.

Evo još jedan razlog.

We've learned that some buildings --

Naučili smo da se neke zgrade --

things like schools, hospitals, city halls --

kao što su škole, bolnice, gradske vijećnice --

get inspected four times by different agencies

pregledavaju četiri puta od strana različitih agencija

throughout the response phases.

tijekom faze odaziva.

Now, we're looking, if we can get the data from the robots to share,

Sada, gledamo da ako podijelimo podatke koje roboti prikupe,

not only can we do things like compress that sequence of phases

ne samo da možemo stisnuti slijed faza

to shorten the response time,

da bi smanjili vrijeme odaziva,

but now we can begin to do the response in parallel.

nego možemo paralelno početi sa odazivom.

Everybody can see the data.

Svatko može vidjeti podatke.

We can shorten it that way.

Tako ih možemo skratiti.

So really, "disaster robotics" is a misnomer.

Tako da, zaista, "robotika katastrofe" je pogrešan naziv.

It's not about the robots.

Ne radi se o robotima.

It's about the data.

Nego o podacima.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So my challenge to you:

Moj izazov za vas je:

the next time you hear about a disaster,

sljedeći put kad čujete za katastrofu,

look for the robots.

potražite robote.

They may be underground, they may be underwater,

Možda su ispod zemlje, možda su ispod vode,

they may be in the sky,

možda su na nebu,

but they should be there.

ali bi trebali biti tamo.

Look for the robots,

Potražite robote,

because robots are coming to the rescue.

jer roboti dolaze u spas.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)