Dennis Hong: My 7 species of robot

Prevoditelj: Igor Dobec Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

Dakle, prvi robot o kojem ću govoriti se zove STriDER.

So the first robot to talk about is called STriDER.

To je kratica za Samopobuđen

It stands for Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot.

Tronožni Dinamički Eksperimentalni Robot.

It's a robot that has three legs, which is inspired by nature.

To je robot koji ima tri noge,

inspiriran prirodom.

But have you seen anything in nature, an animal that has three legs?

Ali jeste li vidjeli ikada u prirodi

životinju koja ima tri noge ?

Probably not. So why do I call this a biologically inspired robot?

Najvjerojatnije ne. Pa zašto ja to zovem

biološki inspiriranim robotom? Kako radi?

How would it work?

Ali prije toga, bacimo pogled na pop kulturu.

But before that, let's look at pop culture.

So, you know H.G. Wells's "War of the Worlds," novel and movie.

Znate za novelu i film H.G. Wellsa Rat svjetova.

And what you see over here is a very popular video game,

I ovo što vidite je jako popularna

video igra.

and in this fiction, they describe these alien creatures and robots

U fikciji obično opisuju ove strane kreature

kao robote koji imaju tri noge i teroriziraju Zemlju.

that have three legs that terrorize Earth.

Ali moj robot, STriDER se ne miče tako.

But my robot, STriDER, does not move like this.

This is an actual dynamic simulation animation.

I ovo je zapravo animacija dinamičke simulacije.

I'm going to show you how the robot works.

Sad ću vam pokazati kako robot radi.

Okreće svoje tijelo za 180 stupnjeva.

It flips its body 180 degrees

and it swings its leg between the two legs

Njiše svoju nogu između dvije noge kako bi prihvatio pad.

and catches the fall.

So that's how it walks.

I tako hoda. Ali kada pogledate nas

But when you look at us human beings, bipedal walking,

ljude, dvonožno hodanje,

what you're doing is,

ono što radite nije stvarno korištenje mišića

you're not really using muscle to lift your leg and walk like a robot.

kako bi digli svoju nogu i hodali poput robota. Točno?

What you're doing is, you swing your leg and catch the fall,

Ono što zapravo radite je da zamahnete nogom kako bi prihvatili pad,

natrag se digli, zamahnuli nogom i prihvatili pad.

stand up again, swing your leg and catch the fall.

You're using your built-in dynamics, the physics of your body,

Koristeći ugrađenu dinamiku, fiziku vašeg tijela,

just like a pendulum.

kao njihalo.

We call that the concept of passive dynamic locomotion.

Mi to zovemo koncept pasivno dinamičkog kretanja.

What you're doing is, when you stand up,

Ono što radite, kada ustanete je pretvaranje,

potential energy to kinetic energy,

potencijalne energije u kinetičku,

potential energy to kinetic energy.

potencijalne energije u kinetičku.

It's a constantly falling process.

To je konstantan proces padanja.

So even though there is nothing in nature that looks like this,

I tako, makar ništa u prirodi ne izgleda poput ovog,

really, we're inspired by biology and applying the principles of walking

mi smo zapravo inspirirani biologijom

i primjenjujemo principe hodanja

to this robot.

u ovom robotu, pa je to biološki inspiriran robot.

Thus, it's a biologically inspired robot.

What you see here, this is what we want to do next.

Ovo što vidite ovdje, je ono što bi željeli napraviti slijedeće.

Mi želimo svinuti noge i rastegnuti ih za veliki domet.

We want to fold up the legs and shoot it up for long-range motion.

And it deploys legs -- it looks almost like "Star Wars" --

I želimo sklopiti noge, otprilike kako izgleda u Ratovima zvijezda.

so when it lands, it absorbs the shock and starts walking.

Kada se spusti, absorbira šok i počne hodati.

What you see over here, this yellow thing, this is not a death ray.

Ovo što vidite ovdje, ova žuta stvar, to nije zraka smrti.

(Laughter)

To je samo da pokažemo ako imate kamere

This is just to show you

that if you have cameras or different types of sensors,

ili različite vrste senzora

zato jer je visok, visok je 1,8 metara,

because it's 1.8 meters tall,

može vidjeti preko prepreka poput grmlja i slično.

you can see over obstacles like bushes and those kinds of things.

Imamo dva prototipa.

So we have two prototypes.

The first version, in the back, that's STriDER I.

Prva verzija, u pozadini, to je STriDER I.

The one in front, the smaller, is STriDER II.

Ova naprijed, manja, je STriDER II.

The problem we had with STriDER I is, it was just too heavy in the body.

Problem koji smo imali sa STriDERom I je

da je imao preteško tijelo. Imamo toliko motora,

We had so many motors aligning the joints

znate, za pomicanje zglobova, i slično.

and those kinds of things.

Tako, odlučili smo sintetizirati mehanički mehanizam

So we decided to synthesize a mechanical mechanism

so we could get rid of all the motors, and with a single motor,

kako bi se mogli riješiti svih tih motora, i s jednim motorom

we can coordinate all the motions.

možemo koordinirati sve pokrete.

It's a mechanical solution to a problem, instead of using mechatronics.

To je mehaničko riješenje problema, umjesto korištenja mehatronike.

So with this, now the top body is lighted up; it's walking in our lab.

I tako, s ovim sad, tijelo je dosta lagano da može hodati u laboratoriju.

Ovo je bio prvi uspješan korak.

This was the very first successful step.

It's still not perfected, its coffee falls down,

Još nije savršen. Kava mu ispada,

so we still have a lot of work to do.

i još imamo mnogo posla.

The second robot I want to talk about is called IMPASS.

Drugi robot o kojem želim pričati se zove IMPASS.

It stands for Intelligent Mobility Platform with Actuated Spoke System.

To je kratica za Inteligentna Mobilna Platforma sa Sustavom Šipaka.

It's a wheel-leg hybrid robot.

I to je hibridni robot s kotačima i nogama.

So think of a rimless wheel or a spoke wheel,

Pomislite na kotač bez okvira,

ili kotač sa šiljcima.

but the spokes individually move in and out of the hub;

Ali se šiljci zasebno miču unutra i van.

so, it's a wheel-leg hybrid.

I tako, to je hibrid s kotačima i nogama.

We're literally reinventing the wheel here.

Doslovno smo ovdje ponovno izmislili kotač.

Let me demonstrate how it works.

Da vam demonstriram kako radi.

So in this video we're using an approach called the reactive approach.

Dakle, u ovom videu koristimo pristup

kojeg zovemo reaktivni pristup.

Just simply using the tactile sensors on the feet,

Samo jednostavno koristimo osjetilne senzore na nogama,

it's trying to walk over a changing terrain,

pokušava hodati preko promjenjivog terena,

a soft terrain where it pushes down and changes.

mekog terena koji se savija i mijenja.

And just by the tactile information,

I uz pomoć osjetilnih informacija

it successfully crosses over these types of terrains.

uspješno prelazi preko ovih vrsta terena.

But, when it encounters a very extreme terrain --

Ali kada naleti na vrlo ekstreman teren,

in this case, this obstacle is more than three times the height

u ovom slučaju, ova prepreka je više od tri puta

visine samog robota,

of the robot --

then it switches to a deliberate mode,

tada se prebaci u slobodan mod

where it uses a laser range finder and camera systems

gdje koristi laserski tragač,

i sustav kamera kako bi identificirao prepreku i veličinu,

to identify the obstacle and the size.

i planira, pažljivo planira kretanje šiljaka,

And it carefully plans the motion of the spokes

i kordinira ih tako da može pokazati

and coordinates it so it can show this very impressive mobility.

ovu vrlo vrlo impresivnu pokretljivost.

You probably haven't seen anything like this out there.

Sigurno niste vidjeli ništa poput ovoga.

Ovo je vrlo visoko mobilan robot

This is a very high-mobility robot that we developed called IMPASS.

kojeg smo razvili, i zove se IMPASS.

Ah, isn't that cool?

Ah! Nije li to kul?

When you drive your car,

Kada vozite svoj auto,

kada upravljate autom, koristite metodu

when you steer your car, you use a method called Ackermann steering.

zvanu Ackermannovo upravljanje.

The front wheels rotate like this.

Prednji kotači se ovako rotiraju.

For most small-wheeled robots,

Za većinu robota s malim kotačima

they use a method called differential steering

koriste metodu zvanu diferencijalno upravljanje

where the left and right wheel turn the opposite direction.

gdje se lijevi i desni kotač okreću u suprotne smjerove.

For IMPASS, we can do many, many different types of motion.

Za IMPASS možemo napraviti mnogo različitih tipova kretanja.

For example, in this case,

Na primjer, u ovom slučaju, čak iako su lijevi i desni kotač povezani

even though the left and right wheels are connected

s jednom osovinom, rotiranje s istim kutom brzine.

with a single axle rotating at the same angle of velocity,

Samo jednostavno produžimo duljinu šiljka.

we simply change the length of the spoke, it affects the diameter,

Utječe na promjer, i tada okreće lijevo, okreće desno.

then can turn to the left and to the right.

I, to su samo neki primjeri zgodnih stvari

These are just some examples of the neat things we can do with IMPASS.

koje možemo raditi s IMPASS-om.

This robot is called CLIMBeR:

Ovaj robot se zove CLIMBeR,

Cable-suspended Limbed Intelligent Matching Behavior Robot.

Inteligentan robot s udovima povezan kabelom.

I've been talking to a lot of NASA JPL scientists --

I tako, razgovarao sam s dosta NASA JPL znanstvenicima,

at JPL, they are famous for the Mars rovers --

u JPL-u su poznati po Mars roverima.

I znanstvenici, geolozi mi uvijek govore

and the scientists, geologists always tell me

da je prava zanimljiva znanost,

that the real interesting science, the science-rich sites,

da su znanstveno značajna nalazišta uvijek na uzvisinama.

are always at the cliffs.

But the current rovers cannot get there.

Ali trenutni roveri ne mogu doći do tamo.

So, inspired by that, we wanted to build a robot

Inspirirani time željeli smo napraviti robota

that can climb a structured cliff environment.

koji se može penjati po strukturiranom brdovitom okolišu.

So this is CLIMBeR.

I tako, to je CLIMBeR.

It has three legs.

Ono što radi, ima tri noge. Teško je za vidjeti,

It's probably difficult to see, but it has a winch and a cable at the top.

ali je povezan kabelom na vrhu.

It tries to figure out the best place to put its foot.

I pokušava razaznati koje je najbolje mjesto da stavi svoju nogu.

And then once it figures that out,

I kada jednom to shvati

in real time, it calculates the force distribution:

u stvarnom vremenu izračuna distribuciju sila.

how much force it needs to exert to the surface

Koliko je sile potrebno da se digne s površine

so it doesn't tip and doesn't slip.

a da se ne posklizne i ne pade.

Once it stabilizes that, it lifts a foot,

Jednom kad stabilizira to da diže nogu,

and then with the winch, it can climb up these kinds of cliffs.

i tada se uz pomoć klatna može popesti po takvim stvarima.

Also for search and rescue applications as well.

Također za primjenu kod potraga i spašavanja.

Five years ago, I actually worked at NASA JPL

Prije pet godina sam zapravo i radio za NASA JPL

preko ljeta kao stažist.

during the summer as a faculty fellow.

I oni su već imali šestero nožnog robota pod imenom LEMUR.

And they already had a six-legged robot called LEMUR.

So this is actually based on that.

I, ovo je zapravo bazirano na tome. Ovaj robot se zove MARS,

This robot is called MARS:

Multi-Appendage Robotic System.

Robotski sustav sa više udova. To je zapravo šestero nožni robot.

It's a hexapod robot.

We developed our adaptive gait planner.

Razvili smo naš planer adaptacije.

We actually have a very interesting payload on there.

I zapravo imamo vrlo zanimljiv teret ovdje.

The students like to have fun.

Studenti se vole zabavljati. I ovdje možete vidjeti da

And here you can see that it's walking over unstructured terrain.

hoda preko nestrukturiranog terena.

(Motor sound)

Pokušava hodati po neravnom terenu,

It's trying to walk on the coastal terrain, a sandy area,

pješćanom području,

but depending on the moisture content or the grain size of the sand,

ali ovisno o vlagi i veličini zrna pjeska

the foot's soil sinkage model changes, so it tries to adapt its gait

model propadanja noga se mijenja.

I, tako se pokušava prilagoditi da uspješno prođe preko takvih stvari.

to successfully cross over these kind of things.

It also does some fun stuff.

I također, radi neke zabavne stvari, kao što možete zamisliti.

As you can imagine, we get so many visitors visiting our lab.

Dolaze nam mnogi posjetitelji u naš labaratorij.

So when the visitors come, MARS walks up to the computer,

I kada posjetitelji dođu, MARS hoda do računala,

i počne tipkati "Zdravo, moje ime je MARS"

starts typing, "Hello, my name is MARS.

Dobrodošli u RoMeLu,

Welcome to RoMeLa,

the Robotics Mechanisms Laboratory at Virginia Tech."

Laboratorij robotskih mehanizama na sveučilištu Virgina Tech.

(Laughter)

This robot is an amoeba robot.

Ovaj robot je ameba robot.

Now, we don't have enough time to go into technical details,

Sada, nemamo dosta vremena za ulaženje u tehničke detalje,

I'll just show you some of the experiments.

pokazati ću vam samo neke od eksperimenata.

These are some of the early feasibility experiments.

I tako, ovo su neki od ranih izvedivih eksperimenata.

Spremamo potencijalnu energiju u elastičnu kožu kako bi se pomicala.

We store potential energy to the elastic skin to make it move,

or use active tension cords to make it move forward and backward.

Ili koristimo aktivne napete žice kako bi ih pomicali

naprijed i natrag. Zove se ChIMERA.

It's called ChIMERA.

We also have been working with some scientists and engineers

Također smo radili s nekim znanstvenicima

i inžinjerima iz UPenna

from UPenn

to come up with a chemically actuated version of this amoeba robot.

kako bi došli do kemijski usavršene verzije

ovog ameba robota.

We do something to something,

Pretvaramo nešto u nešto.

and just like magic, it moves.

I to je poput magije, kreće se. Grudica.

"The Blob."

This robot is a very recent project.

Ovaj robot je vrlo nedavni projekt. Zove se RAPHaEL.

It's called RAPHaEL:

Robotska zračno pogonjena ruka s elastičnim ligamentima.

Robotic Air-Powered Hand with Elastic Ligaments.

There are a lot of really neat, very good robotic hands

Postoji mnogo zgodnih, vrlo dobrih robotskih ruka na tržištu.

out there on the market.

Problem je u tome da su previše skupe, u desecima tisućama dolara.

The problem is, they're just too expensive --

tens of thousands of dollars.

So for prosthesis applications it's probably not too practical,

Tako da primjena za prostetiku nije previše praktična,

zato jer nije dostupna.

because it's not affordable.

Željeli smo se primiti tog problema sa sasvim drugačijeg smjera.

We wanted to tackle this problem in a very different direction.

Instead of using electrical motors, electromechanical actuators,

Umjesto korištenja električnih motora, elektromehaničkih pokretača,

we're using compressed air.

koristimo komprimirani zrak.

We developed these novel actuators for the joints, so it's compliant.

Uveli smo ove novitetne pokretače za zglobove.

Usuglašen je. Možete zapravo mijenjati silu,

You can actually change the force,

simply just changing the air pressure.

jednostavno samo promjenom tlaka zraka.

And it can actually crush an empty soda can.

I zapravo može smrskati praznu limenku od soka.

It can pick up very delicate objects like a raw egg,

Može podići vrlo delikatne objekte poput sirovog jaja,

or in this case, a lightbulb.

ili u ovom slučaju, sijalice.

The best part: it took only 200 dollars to make the first prototype.

Najbolja stvar je da je koštalo samo oko 200 dolara da se izradi prvi prototip.

Ovaj robot je zapravo pripadnik obitelji zmijolikih robota

This robot is actually a family of snake robots

that we call HyDRAS,

koje zovemo HyDRAS,

Hyper Degrees-of-freedom Robotic Articulated Serpentine.

Robotski artikulirani gmaz s više stupnjeva slobode.

Ovo je robot koji se može penjati po strukturama.

This is a robot that can climb structures.

This is a HyDRAS's arm.

Ovo je ruka HyDRAS-e.

It's a 12-degrees-of-freedom robotic arm.

To je robotska ruka s 12 stupnjeva slobode.

But the cool part is the user interface.

Ali cool dio je korisničko sučelje.

The cable over there, that's an optical fiber.

Ovaj kabel, to je optičko vlakno.

This student, it's probably her first time using it,

I ova studentica, koja ga najvjerojatnije koristi prvi put,

but she can articulate it in many different ways.

može upravljati u mnogo različitih smjerova.

I, na primjer u Iraku, znate, u ratnoj zoni,

So, for example, in Iraq, the war zone, there are roadside bombs.

postoje bombe kraj ceste. Trenutno šaljemo ovo

Currently, you send these remotely controlled vehicles that are armed.

opremljeno daljinski upravljano vozilo.

It takes really a lot of time and it's expensive to train the operator

Treba mnogo vremena i skupo je

naučiti operatera da upravlja ovom kompleksnom rukom.

to operate this complex arm.

In this case, it's very intuitive;

U ovom slučaju sučelje je vrlo intuitivno.

this student, probably his first time using it,

Ovaj student, koji ga najvjerojatnije prvi put koristi, radi vrlo kompleksne manipulacije,

is doing very complex manipulation tasks,

picking up objects and doing manipulation, just like that.

podiže predmete, i manipulira,

samo tako, vrlo intuitivno.

Very intuitive.

Now, this robot is currently our star robot.

I sada, ovaj robot je naša zvijezda.

We actually have a fan club for the robot, DARwIn:

Zapravo imamo klub obožavatelja robota pod imenom DARwIn,

Dynamic Anthropomorphic Robot with Intelligence.

Dinamčki Antropomorfički Robot s Inteligencijom.

As you know, we're very interested in human walking,

I kako dobro znate mi smo zainteresirani za

humanoidne robote, ljudski hod,

so we decided to build a small humanoid robot.

i tako smo odlučili izgraditi malog humanoidnog robota.

This was in 2004; at that time,

To je bilo 2004., u to vrijeme

this was something really, really revolutionary.

to je bilo nešto stvarno, stvarno revolucionarno.

This was more of a feasibility study:

To je bila više studija izvedivosti,

What kind of motors should we use? Is it even possible?

koje motore da koristimo?

Je li uopće moguće? Kakve kontrole bi trebali napraviti?

What kinds of controls should we do?

I, ovo nema nikakvih senzora.

This does not have any sensors, so it's an open-loop control.

U otvorenoj kontroli petlje je.

For those who probably know, if you don't have any sensors

I za one koji najvjerojatnije znaju, ako nemate nikakvih senzora

i postoji smetnja, znate što se dešava.

and there's any disturbances, you know what happens.

(Laughter)

(smijeh)

Based on that success, the following year we did the proper mechanical design,

I, tako temeljeno na tom uspjehu, slijedeće godine

smo napravili pravi mehanički dizajn

starting from kinematics.

počevši od kinetike.

And thus, DARwIn I was born in 2005.

I tako, DARwIn je bio rođen 2005.

It stands up, it walks -- very impressive.

Ustaje. Hoda, vrlo impresivno.

However, still, as you can see, it has a cord, an umbilical cord.

Ipak, još, kao što možete vidjeti,

ima žicu, pupčanu vrpcu. I, mi još koristimo vanjski izvor napajanja,

So we're still using an external power source

and external computation.

i vanjske proračune.

I, 2006., sad je stvarno vrijeme za zabavu.

So in 2006, now it's really time to have fun.

Let's give it intelligence.

Dajmo mu inteligenciju. Dajemo mu računalnu snagu koju treba,

We give it all the computing power it needs:

a 1.5 gigahertz Pentium M chip, two FireWire cameras,

1,5 gigahercni Pentium M čip,

dvije Firewire kamere, osam žiroskopa, akcelerometar,

rate gyros, accelerometers, four forced sensors on the foot,

četiri senzora pritiska na nogama, litijske baterije.

lithium polymer batteries --

and now DARwIn II is completely autonomous.

I sada DARwIn II je u potpunosti autonoman.

It is not remote controlled. There's no tethers.

Daljinski je upravljan.

Nije povezan. Gleda okolo, traži loptu,

It looks around, searches for the ball ... looks around, searches for the ball,

gleda okolo, traži loptu, i pokušava odigrati partiju nogometa,

and it tries to play a game of soccer autonomously -- artificial intelligence.

autonomno, umjetna inteligencija.

Let's see how it does.

Da vidimo kako to radi. Ovo je naš prvi pokušaj,

This was our very first trial, and ...

(Video) Spectators: Goal!

i... Video: Gol!

Dennis Hong: There is actually a competition called RoboCup.

I, tako zapravo postoji natjecanje pod imenom RoboCup.

I don't know how many of you have heard about RoboCup.

Znam da su mnogi od vas čuli za RoboCup.

To je internacionalno nogomentno natjecanje autonomnih robota.

It's an international autonomous robot soccer competition.

And the actual goal of RoboCup is,

I cilj RoboCupa, pravi cilj je,

by the year 2050,

do 2050. godine

we want to have full-size, autonomous humanoid robots

želimo imati autuonomnog humanoidnog robota prave veličine

koji bi igrao protiv ljudskih prvaka Svjetskog prvenstva

play soccer against the human World Cup champions

and win.

i pobjedio.

(Laughter)

It's a true, actual goal.

To je stvarni cilj. To je vrlo ambiciozan cilj,

It's a very ambitious goal, but we truly believe we can do it.

ali stvarno vjerujemo da to možemo napraviti.

I tako, ovo je prošle godine u Kini.

This is last year in China.

We were the very first team in the United States that qualified

Bili smo prvi tim iz Sjedinjenih država koji se kvalificirao

u natjecanju humanoidnih robota.

in the humanoid RoboCup competition.

Ove godine, ovo je bilo u Austriji.

This is this year in Austria.

You're going to see the action is three against three,

Vidjet ćete akcije, tri protiv tri,

u potpunosti autonomni.

completely autonomous.

(Video) (Crowd groans)

Evo vidite. Da!

DH: There you go. Yes!

The robots track and they team-play amongst themselves.

Roboti prate i igraju,

tim međusobno dodaje.

It's very impressive.

To je vrlo impresivno. To je stvarno istraživački događaj

It's really a research event,

packaged in a more exciting competition event.

upakiran u uzbudljiv natjecateljski događaj.

Ovo što vidite ovdje, ovo je prekrasan

What you see here is the beautiful Louis Vuitton Cup trophy.

trofej Kupa Louisa Vuittona.

This is for the best humanoid.

I, ovo je za najboljeg humanoida,

We'd like to bring this, for the first time, to the United States next year,

i voljeli bi ovo dovesti po prvi put u Sjedinjene države,

slijedeće godine, zaželite nam sreću.

so wish us luck.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

Thank you.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

DARwIn also has a lot of other talents.

DARwIn također ima i mnogo drugih talenata.

Last year, it actually conducted the Roanoke Symphony Orchestra

Prošle godine je zapravo dirigirao Roanoke simfonijskim orkestrom

za blagdanski koncert.

for the holiday concert.

This is the next generation robot, DARwIn IV,

Ovo je robot nove generacije, DARwIn IV,

much smarter, faster, stronger.

ali pametniji, brži, jači.

And it's trying to show off its ability:

I pokušava pokazati svoje sposobnosti.

"I'm macho, I'm strong."

"Ja sam mačo, ja sam jak."

(Laughter)

"I can also do some Jackie Chan-motion, martial art movements."

Može raditi i neke pokrete u stilu Jackie Chanovih

borilačkih pokreta.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And it walks away. So this is DARwIn IV.

I odlazi. Dakle, ovo je DARwIn IV,

Again, you'll be able to see it in the lobby.

opet, možete ga vidjeti u predvorju.

We truly believe this will be the very first running humanoid robot

Mi stvarno vjerujemo da će ovo biti prvo natjecanje,

humanoidnih robota u Sjedinjenim državama. Pratite nas.

in the United States.

So stay tuned.

Dobro, pokazao sam vam nekoliko naših uzbudljivih robota na djelu.

All right. So I showed you some of our exciting robots at work.

Dakle, što je tajna našeg uspjeha?

So, what is the secret of our success?

Where do we come up with these ideas?

Kako dolazimo do takvih ideja?

How do we develop these kinds of ideas?

Kako razvijamo takve ideje?

We have a fully autonomous vehicle

Imamo u potpunosti autonomno vozilo

that can drive into urban environments.

koje se može voziti u urbanom okruženju. Osvojili smo pola milijuna dolara

We won a half a million dollars in the DARPA Urban Challenge.

u DARPA-inom Urbanom Izazovu.

Mi također imamo prvo svjetsko vozilo

We also have the world's very first vehicle that can be driven by the blind.

koje mogu voziti slijepi.

We call it the Blind Driver Challenge, very exciting.

Zovemo ih izazov za slijepe vozače, vrlo uzbudljivo,

i mnogo drugih projekata robotike o kojima vam želim pričati.

And many, many other robotics projects I want to talk about.

These are just the awards that we won in 2007 fall

Ovo su samo nagrade koje smo osvojili na jesen 2007. godine

na robotskim natjecanjima i sličnim događajima.

from robotics competitions and those kinds of things.

So really, we have five secrets.

I, mi stvarno imamo pet tajni.

First is: Where do we get inspiration?

Prvo je gdje dobivamo inspiraciju,

gdje dobivamo tu iskru imaginacije?

Where do we get this spark of imagination?

Ovo je istinita priča, moja osobna priča.

This is a true story, my personal story.

At night, when I go to bed, at three, four in the morning,

Kada idem u krevet, 3 ili 4 ujutro,

legnem, zatvorim oči, i onda vidim ove linije i kružnice

I lie down, close my eyes, and I see these lines and circles

and different shapes floating around.

i različite oblike koji lete okolo,

And they assemble, and they form these kinds of mechanisms.

i onda se spoje i formiraju ovakve mehanizme.

And I think, "Ah, this is cool."

I onda pomislim, "Ah, ovo je kul."

So right next to my bed I keep a notebook, a journal,

I, pokraj kreveta držim notes,

dnevnik, sa specijalnom olovkom koja ima svijetlo na sebi, LED svijetlo,

with a special pen that has an LED light on it,

because I don't want to turn on the light and wake up my wife.

zato jer ne želim paliti svjetlo i probuditi ženu.

Tako, vidite ovo, zapišem sve, nacrtam stvari,

So I see this, scribble everything down, draw things, and go to bed.

i odem u krevet.

Every day in the morning, the first thing I do,

Svaki dan ujutro,

prva stvar koju napravim prije prve šalice kave,

before my first cup of coffee, before I brush my teeth,

prije nego što operem zube, otvorim svoj notes.

I open my notebook.

Mnogo puta je prazan,

Many times it's empty; sometimes I have something there.

nekad imam nešto što je smeće,

If something's there, sometimes it's junk.

ali većinu vremena ne mogu niti čitati svoj rukopis.

But most of the time, I can't read my handwriting.

Ipak, 4 ujutro, što možete očekivati?

Four in the morning -- what do you expect, right?

So I need to decipher what I wrote.

Dakle, trebam dešifrirati što sam napisao.

But sometimes I see this ingenious idea in there,

Ali ponekad vidim odličnu ideju,

and I have this eureka moment.

i imam taj eureka trenutak.

I directly run to my home office, sit at my computer,

Direktno otrčim do svog ureda u kući, sjedem za računalo,

I type in the ideas, I sketch things out

utipkam ideje, skiciram stvari,

and I keep a database of ideas.

i sačuvam bazu ideja.

So when we have these calls for proposals,

I tako, dok imamo pozive za zahtjeve

I try to find a match between my potential ideas

pokušavam naći poveznicu između mojih

potencijalnih ideja

and the problem.

i problema, ako postoji veza, pišemo istraživački zahtjev,

If there's a match, we write a research proposal,

tražimo finaciranje istraživanja, i tako započinjemo naše istraživačke programe.

get the research funding in,

and that's how we start our research programs.

Ali samo iskra imaginacije nije dovoljna.

But just a spark of imagination is not good enough.

How do we develop these kinds of ideas?

Kako razvijamo takve ideje?

At our lab RoMeLa, the Robotics and Mechanisms Laboratory,

U našem laboratoriju RoMeLa, laboratoriju robotskih mehanizama,

we have these fantastic brainstorming sessions.

imamo fantastične seanse brainstorminga.

So we gather around, we discuss problems and solutions and talk about it.

Dakle, svi se okupimo, i diskutiramo o problemima

i socijalnim problemima i pričamo o tome.

But before we start, we set this golden rule.

Ali prije nego što počnemo postavimo ovo zlatno pravilo.

The rule is:

Pravilo je:

nobody criticizes anybody's ideas.

Nitko ne kritizira ničiju ideju.

Nobody criticizes any opinion.

Nitko ne kritizira ničije mišljenje.

This is important, because many times, students fear or feel uncomfortable

To je važno, jer se mnogo puta, studenti, oni se boje

ili se osjećaju nelagodno u vezi onoga što bi drugi mislili

about how others might think about their opinions and thoughts.

o njihovim stavovima i mislima.

So once you do this, it is amazing how the students open up.

I, jednom dok se to napravi, nevjerojatno je

kako se studenti otvore.

They have these wacky, cool, crazy, brilliant ideas,

Imaju lude kul brilijantne ideje,

and the whole room is just electrified with creative energy.

cijela soba je jednostavno elektrificirana s kreativnom energijom.

I to je način na koji razvijamo svoje ideje.

And this is how we develop our ideas.

Well, we're running out of time.

Dobro, vrijeme nam prolazi, samo još jedna stvar o kojoj vam želim govoriti je

One more thing I want to talk about is,

znate, samo iskra ideje i razvoja nije dovoljna.

you know, just a spark of idea and development is not good enough.

There was a great TED moment -- I think it was Sir Ken Robinson, was it?

To je bio odličan TED trenutak,

mislim da je to bio Sir Ken Robinson, zar ne?

He gave a talk about how education and school kill creativity.

On je govorio kako obrazovanje

i škola ubijaju kreativnost.

Well, actually, there's two sides to the story.

Zapravo, tu su dvije strane priče.

So there is only so much one can do with just ingenious ideas

Dakle, ograničeno je ono što jedna osoba može napraviti

s odličnom idejom

and creativity and good engineering intuition.

i kreativnošću i dobrom inžinjerskom intuicijom.

If you want to go beyond a tinkering,

Ako želite ići dalje od razmišljanja,

if you want to go beyond a hobby of robotics

ako želite ići dalje od hobija robotike

and really tackle the grand challenges of robotics

i stvarno se suočiti s velikim izazovima robotike

kroz rigorozno istraživanje

through rigorous research,

we need more than that.

mi trebamo više od toga. To je gdje škole dolaze.

This is where school comes in.

Batman, fighting against the bad guys,

Batman, kad se bori protiv zločinaca,

he has his utility belt, he has his grappling hook,

ima svoj remen sa stvarima, ima kuku za primanje,

he has all different kinds of gadgets.

i različite vrste gadgeta.

For us roboticists, engineers and scientists,

Za nas, robotičare, inžinjere i znanstvenike,

ti alati, to su sve tečajevi i predavanja koja se uče u razredu.

these tools are the courses and classes you take in class.

Math, differential equations.

Matematika, diferencijalne jednadžbe.

I have linear algebra, science, physics --

Imamo linearnu algebru, znanost, fiziku,

i danas, kemiju i biologiju, kao što ste vidjeli.

even, nowadays, chemistry and biology, as you've seen.

To su sve alati koje trebamo.

These are all the tools we need.

So the more tools you have, for Batman,

Tako, što više alata imate, za Batmana

more effective at fighting the bad guys,

je efikasnija borba protiv zločina,

for us, more tools to attack these kinds of big problems.

za nas, više alata za napad na velike probleme.

So education is very important.

I tako, obrazovanje je vrlo važno.

Also -- it's not only about that.

Također, nije o tome,

nije samo o tome, važno je vrlo vrlo mnogo raditi.

You also have to work really, really hard.

I, uvijek govorim svojim studentima,

So I always tell my students,

radite pametno, a onda radite teško.

"Work smart, then work hard."

Ova slika u pozadini je u 3 ujutro.

This picture in the back -- this is three in the morning.

I guarantee if you come to our lab at 3, 4am,

Garantiram ako dođete u laboratorij u 3, 4 ujutro

tamo će biti studenti koji će raditi,

we have students working there,

not because I tell them to, but because we are having too much fun.

ne zato jer im tako velim, nego zato jer se vrlo dobro zabavljaju.

I to vodi do posljednje teme.

Which leads to the last topic:

do not forget to have fun.

Ne zaboravite se zabavljati.

That's really the secret of our success, we're having too much fun.

To je stvarno tajna našeg uspjeha. Previše nam je zabavno.

I truly believe that highest productivity comes when you're having fun,

Stvarno vjerujem da najveća produktivnost dolazi kada se zabavljate.

I to je ono što radimo.

and that's what we're doing.

And there you go.

Evo. Puno vam hvala.

Thank you so much.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)