Printing a human kidney | Anthony Atala

Prevoditelj: Udruga Solidarnost Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

There's actually a major health crisis today

Živimo u dobu velike zdravstvene krize

in terms of the shortage of organs.

u smislu nedostatka organa.

The fact is that we're living longer.

Činjenica je kako živimo duže.

Medicine has done a much better job

Medicina je učinila jako puno

of making us live longer,

produživši naš životni vijek,

and the problem is, as we age,

i problem nastaje, kada starimo,

our organs tend to fail more,

naši organi propadaju,

and so currently

i trenutno

there are not enough organs to go around.

nema dovoljno organa.

In fact, in the last 10 years,

U stvari, u posljednjih 10 godina,

the number of patients requiring an organ has doubled,

broj zahtjeva za transplantaciju organa se udvostručio,

while in the same time,

dok se u isto vrijeme,

the actual number of transplants has barely gone up.

trenutni broj transplantacijskih postupaka minorno povećao.

So this is now a public health crisis.

Trenutno je to javna zdravstvena kriza.

So that's where this field comes in

Dakle, u ovo područje ulazi

that we call the field of regenerative medicine.

ono što nazivamo područje obnovljive medicine.

It really involves many different areas.

Ono doista uključuje mnoga različita područja.

You can use, actually, scaffolds,

Možemo koristiti, zapravo, premosnice,

biomaterials --

biološke materijale --

they're like the piece of your blouse or your shirt --

koji su kao dijelovi vaše košulje ili majice --

but specific materials you can actually implant in patients

ali specijalni materijali koje zapravo možete presaditi pacijentu

and they will do well and help you regenerate.

koji će biti prihvatljivi i pomoći u obnavljanju.

Or we can use cells alone,

Ili možemo upotrijebiti samo stanice,

either your very own cells

također vaše vlastite stanice

or different stem cell populations.

ili različite kulture matičnih stanica.

Or we can use both.

Ili možemo upotrijebiti obje vrste stanica.

We can use, actually, biomaterials

Možemo upotrijebiti, biološke materijale

and the cells together.

i stanice, zajedno.

And that's where the field is today.

I na toj je razini ovo područje danas.

But it's actually not a new field.

Ali to uopće nije novo područje.

Interestingly, this is a book

Zanimljivost je, ovo je knjiga

that was published back in 1938.

koja je objavljena davne 1938. godine.

It's titled "The Culture of Organs."

Pod nazivom ''Kultura organa"

The first author, Alexis Carrel, a Nobel Prize winner.

Prvi autor, Alexis Carrel, dobitnik je Nobelove nagrade.

He actually devised some of the same technologies

On je ustvari upotrijebio neke od ovih tehnologija

used today for suturing blood vessels,

koje koristimo danas pri šivanju krvnih žila,

and some of the blood vessel grafts we use today

i neke za presađivanje krvnih žila, a kojima se također danas koristimo,

were actually designed by Alexis.

je ustvari izumio Alexis.

But I want you to note his co-author:

Ali ovdje želim istaknuti njegovog koautora:

Charles Lindbergh.

Charles Lindbergha.

That's the same Charles Lindbergh

To je isti onaj Charles Linbergh

who actually spent the rest of his life

koji je uložio svoj život

working with Alexis

radeći sa Alexisom

at the Rockefeller Institute in New York

kroz Rockefeller Institute u New York-u.

in the area of the culture of organs.

na području kulture organa.

So if the field's been around for so long,

Dakle, ako je ovo područje poznato tako dugo,

why so few clinical advances?

zašto ima tako malo kliničkog napretka.

And that really has to do to many different challenges.

I to je doista povezano s mnogim različitim izazovima.

But if I were to point to three challenges,

Ali bih naglasio tri glavna izazova,

the first one is actually the design of materials

prvi se odnosi na vrstu materijala

that could go in your body

koji se može presaditi u tijelo

and do well over time.

i koji će funkcionirati cijelo vrijeme.

And many advances now,

Za sada napredujemo,

we can do that fairly readily.

i činimo to prilično lako.

The second challenge was cells.

Drugi veliki izazov su stanice.

We could not get enough of your cells to grow outside of your body.

Nismo mogli uzgojiti dovoljno vaših stanica izvan tijela.

Over the last 20 years, we've basically tackled that.

U posljednjih 20 godina, gotovo smo to riješili.

Many scientists can now grow many different types of cells.

Mnogi znanstvenici su sada u mogućnosti uzgojiti mnoštvo različitih tipova stanica.

Plus we have stem cells.

Dodatno imamo i matične stanice.

But even now, 2011,

Ali čak i sada, 2011. godine,

there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

postoje određene stanice pacijenata koje ne možemo uzgojiti.

Liver cells, nerve cells, pancreatic cells --

Jetrene stanice, živčane stanice, stanice gušterače

we still can't grow them even today.

još uvijek ih nismo u mogućnosti uzgojiti.

And the third challenge is vascularity,

I treći veliki izazov je prokrvljenost, vaskularizacija,

the actual supply of blood

odnosno opskrba krvlju

to allow those organs or tissues to survive

koja bi omogućila organima ili tkivima opstanak

once we regenerate them.

u trenutku kada ih obnovimo.

So we can actually use biomaterials now.

Dakle, danas upotrebljavamo biološke materijale.

This is actually a biomaterial.

Ovo je biološki materijal.

We can weave them, knit them, or we can make them like you see here.

Možemo ga savijati, ispreplitati, ili učiniti s njim kao što vidite ovdje.

This is actually like a cotton candy machine.

Ovo je kao aparat za izradu šećerne vune.

You saw the spray going in.

Vidite kako raspršena tekućina ulazi.

That was like the fibers of the cotton candy

Izgleda kao vlakna šećerne vune

creating this structure, this tubularized structure,

tvoreći ovu strukturu, u obliku tube,

which is a biomaterial

koja je biološki materijal

that we can then use

koji možemo upotrijebiti

to help your body regenerate

kako bismo pomogli tijelu u obavljanju

using your very own cells to do so.

koristeći pri tome vaše vlastite stanice.

And that's exactly what we did here.

I upravo smo to i učinili.

This is actually a patient

Ovo je pacijent

who [was] presented with a deceased organ,

s odumrlim organom,

and we then created one of these smart biomaterials,

i tada smo izradili jedan od ovih pametnih bioloških materijala,

and then we then used that smart biomaterial

koji smo upotrijebili

to replace and repair

za zamjenu i obnavljanje

that patient's structure.

pacijentove strukture.

What we did was we actually

Ono što smo učinili jest

used the biomaterial as a bridge

upotreba biološkog materijala kao mosta

so that the cells in the organ

kako bi stanice organa

could walk on that bridge, if you will,

mogle prelaziti taj most, ako želite,

and help to bridge the gap

i pomoći u premošćivanju tog rascjepa

to regenerate that tissue.

kako bi obnovile tkivo.

And you see that patient now six months after

I vidite tog pacijenta šest mjeseci kasnije

with an X-ray showing you the regenerated tissue,

gdje RTG snimka prikazuje tkivo,

which is fully regenerated

koje je potpuno obnovljeno

when you analyze it under the microscope.

što se potvrdilo mikroskopskom analizom.

We can also use cells alone.

Također, možemo upotrijebiti, samo stanice.

These are actually cells that we obtained.

Ovo su stanice koje smo dobili.

These are stem cells that we create from specific sources,

To su matične stanice koje smo stvorili iz različitih izvora,

and we can drive them to become heart cells,

i možemo ih usmjeriti kako bi postale srčane stanice,

and they start beating in culture.

koje su počele otkucavati unutar kulture.

So they know what to do.

One znaju što trebaju činiti.

The cells genetically know what to do,

Stanice genetski znaju što trebaju činiti,

and they start beating together.

i počele su otkucavati zajedno.

Now today, many clinical trials

Danas, mnoge kliničke studije

are using different kinds of stem cells

upotrebljavaju različite vrste matičnih stanica

for heart disease.

za srčana oboljenja.

So that's actually now in patients.

Dakle, to se danas koristi.

Or if we're going to use larger structures

Ili ako upotrebljavamo veće strukture

to replace larger structures,

za zamjenu većih struktura,

we can then use the patient's own cells,

koristimo pacijentove vlastite stanice,

or some cell population,

ili neku drugu vrtu stanica,

and the biomaterials,

i biološke materijale,

the scaffolds, together.

zajedno s premosnicama.

So the concept here:

Princip je slijedeći:

so if you do have a deceased or injured organ,

ukoliko imate odumrli ili ozlijeđen organ,

we take a very small piece of that tissue,

uzimamo vrlo male djelove tog tkiva,

less than half the size of a postage stamp.

manje od polovice veličine poštanske marke.

We then tease the cells apart,

Tada razdijelimo stanice na vrste,

we grow the cells outside the body.

i uzgojimo ih izvan tijela.

We then take a scaffold, a biomaterial --

Onda upotrijebimo prijemosnice, biološke materijale,

again, looks very much like a piece of your blouse or your shirt --

ponovno, izgleda slično kao djelić vaše košulje ili majice,

we then shape that material,

onda smo uobličili materijal,

and we then use those cells to coat that material

i upotrijebili smo stanice kako bismo prekrili materijal

one layer at a time --

sloj po sloj,

very much like baking a layer cake, if you will.

nalik na pečenje kolača u slojevima, ako želite.

We then place it in an oven-like device,

Smjestili smo ih u uređaj, nalik na pećnicu,

and we're able to create that structure

i stvorili smo strukturu

and bring it out.

i izvadili ju van.

This is actually a heart valve

Ovo je u stvari srčani zalistak

that we've engineered,

koji smo načinili,

and you can see here, we have the structure of the heart valve

i možete vidjeti ovdje, imamo strukturu srčanog zaliska

and we've seeded that with cells,

i prekrili smo ga stanicama,

and then we exercise it.

i onda smo ga rastezali.

So you see the leaflets opening and closing --

Vidite valvule koje se otvaraju i zatvaraju,

of this heart valve

ovog srčanog zaliska

that's currently being used experimentally

koji se upotrebljava pokusno

to try to get it to further studies.

za buduća istraživanja.

Another technology

Druga tehnologija

that we have used in patients

koju smo upotrebljavali na pacijentima

actually involves bladders.

uključuje mokračni mjehur.

We actually take a very small piece of the bladder from the patient --

Uzeli smo male djelove pacijentovog mokračnog mjehura

less than half the size of a postage stamp.

manje od polovice veličine poštanske marke.

We then grow the cells outside the body,

Tada smo stanice uzgojili izvan tijela,

take the scaffold, coat the scaffold with the cells --

uzeli premosnice, prekrili ih stanicama,

the patient's own cells, two different cell types.

vlastitim pacijentovim stanicama, s dvije različite vrste.

We then put it in this oven-like device.

Stavili ih u uređaj poput pećnice.

It has the same conditions as the human body --

Ima iste uvjete kao ljudsko tijelo --

37 degrees centigrade, 95 percent oxygen.

37 stupnjeva celzijusovih, 95 posto kisika.

A few weeks later, you have your engineered organ

Nekoliko tjedana kasnije, imate proizveden organ

that we're able to implant back into the patient.

koji smo u mogućnosti presaditi pacijentu.

For these specific patients, we actually just suture these materials.

Za ove pacijente, ustvari smo načinili ove materijale.

We use three-dimensional imagining analysis,

Koristili smo trodimenzionalnu analizu,

but we actually created these biomaterials by hand.

ali smo materijale izradili ručno.

But we now have better ways

Sada imamo bolji način

to create these structures with the cells.

za napraviti ove strukture sa stanicama.

We use now some type of technologies,

Sada upotrebljavamo drugu tehnologiju,

where for solid organs, for example,

za solidne organe, na primjer,

like the liver,

za jetru,

what we do is we take discard livers.

uzimamo odumrlu jetru.

As you know, a lot of organs are actually discarded, not used.

Kao što znate, većina organa je ustvari odumrla, nije upotrebljiva.

So we can take these liver structures,

Dakle, uzimamo ovu jetrenu strukturu,

which are not going to be used,

koja je neupotrebljiva,

and we then put them in a washing machine-like structure

i stavljamo ju u uređaj poput perilice

that will allow the cells to be washed away.

koja će isprati stanice.

Two weeks later,

Dva tjedna kasnije,

you have something that looks like a liver.

imamo nešto nalik strukturi jetre.

You can hold it like a liver,

To je ustvari jetra,

but it has no cells; it's just a skeleton of the liver.

ali bez stanica; samo kostur jetre.

And we then can re-perfuse the liver with cells,

I tada možemo ponovno prožeti jetru stanicama

preserving the blood vessel tree.

čuvajući pri tome krvožilnu strukturu.

So we actually perfuse first the blood vessel tree

Dakle, prvo prožimamo krvožilnu strukturu

with the patient's own blood vessel cells,

s pacijentovim vlastitim krvožilnim stanicama,

and we then infiltrate the parenchyma with the liver cells.

tada usađujemo jetreni parenhim s jetrenim stanicama.

And we now have been able just to show

I sada smo u mogućnosti prikazati

the creation of human liver tissue

stvaranje tkiva ljudske jetre

just this past month

proteklih nekoliko mjeseci

using this technology.

koristeći ovu tehnologiju.

Another technology that we've used

Druga tehnologija koju smo koristili

is actually that of printing.

je ustvari printanje.

This is actually a desktop inkjet printer,

Ovo je stolni tintni printer,

but instead of using ink,

ali umjesto tinte,

we're using cells.

koristimo stanice.

And you can actually see here the printhead

I ovdje ustvari možete vidjeti glavu printera

going through and printing this structure,

kako printajući izgrađuje ovu strukturu,

and it takes about 40 minutes to print this structure.

i potrebno je otprilike oko 40 minuta za printanje ove strukture.

And there's a 3D elevator

A ovo je 3D podizač

that then actually goes down one layer at a time

koji ustvari stvara strukturu u slojevima

each time the printhead goes through.

svaki put kada glava printera prođe.

And then finally you're able to get that structure out.

I naposljetku dobivate gotovu strukturu.

You can pop that structure out of the printer and implant it.

Izvadite strukturu iz printera i presadite ju.

And this is actually a piece of bone

Ovo je dio kosti

that I'm going to show you in this slide

koji ću vam pokazati na ovoj slici

that was actually created with this desktop printer

koja je stvoren s ovim stolnim printerom

and implanted as you see here.

i presađena kao što vidite ovdje.

That was all new bone that was implanted

To je bila posve nova kost koja je presađena

using these techniques.

tako da smo koristili ovu tehnologiju.

Another more advanced technology we're looking at right now,

Druga, naprednija tehnolgija koju trenutno razvijamo,

our next generation of technologies,

naša slijedeća generacija tehnologije,

are more sophisticated printers.

jesu sofisticiraniji printeri.

This particular printer we're designing now

Ovaj poseban printer koji izrađujemo sada

is actually one where we print right on the patient.

je onaj kojim printamo izravno na pacijentu.

So what you see here --

Ono što vidite ovdje,

I know it sounds funny,

znam kako zvuči neobično,

but that's the way it works.

ali na ovaj način to funkcionira.

Because in reality, what you want to do

Jer u stvarnosti, što želimo postići

is you actually want to have the patient on the bed with the wound,

kada imate pacijenta u krevetu s ranom,

and you have a scanner,

uzmete čitač,

basically like a flatbed scanner.

u osnovi kao plošni čitač.

That's what you see here on the right side.

To možete vidjeti ovdje s desne strane.

You see a scanner technology

Vidite tehnologiju čitača

that first scans the wound on the patient

koji prvo očita pacijentovu ranu

and then it comes back with the printheads

i tada izrađuje glavu printera

actually printing the layers that you require

koja printa slojeve točno onako kako pristaje

on the patients themselves.

na samog pacijenta.

This is how it actually works.

Ovako to funkcionira.

Here's the scanner going through,

Ovdje čitač prelazi preko,

scanning the wound.

očitavajući ranu.

Once it's scanned,

Jedanput kada skenira,

it sends information in the correct layers of cells

šalje informacije o točnim slojevima stanica

where they need to be.

koje nedostaju.

And now you're going to see here

I sada ovdje vidite

a demo of this actually being done

prikaz kako to funkcionira

in a representative wound.

na ovoj pokaznoj rani.

And we actually do this with a gel so that you can lift the gel material.

I to radimo s gelom tako da možete podizati materijale od gela.

So once those cells are on the patient

Kada su ove stanice jedanput na pacijentu

they will stick where they need to be.

one će se prilijepiti točno tamo gdje trebaju biti.

And this is actually new technology

I ovo je nova tehnologija

still under development.

koju još razvijamo.

We're also working on more sophisticated printers.

Također radimo na još sofisticiranijoj tehnologiji printera.

Because in reality, our biggest challenge

Jer u stvarnosti, naš najveći izazov

are the solid organs.

su solidni organi.

I don't know if you realize this,

Ne znam jeste li svjesni činjenice,

but 90 percent of the patients on the transplant list

kako 90 posto pacijenata s transplantacijske liste

are actually waiting for a kidney.

čeka bubreg.

Patients are dying every day

Pacijenti umiru svaki dan

because we don't have enough of those organs to go around.

jer nemamo dovoljno solidnih organa za presađivanje.

So this is more challenging --

Dakle ima više izazova

large organ, vascular,

veliki organi, krvne žile,

a lot of blood vessel supply,

s mnoštvom krvnih žila koje ih opskrbljuju,

a lot of cells present.

s monoštvom stanica.

So the strategy here is --

Strategija je slijedeća

this is actually a CT scan, an X-ray --

ovo je CT skener, sa X-zrakama

and we go layer by layer,

i idemo sloj po sloj,

using computerized morphometric imaging analysis

koristeći računalni morfološki slikovni prikaz

and 3D reconstruction

i 3D prikaz

to get right down to those patient's own kidneys.

kako bismo dobili pacijentov vlastiti bubreg.

We then are able to actually image those,

U mogućnosti smo to slikovito vidjeti,

do 360 degree rotation

rotirati za 360 stupnjeva

to analyze the kidney

analizirati bubreg

in its full volumetric characteristics,

sa svim njegovim anatomsko-fiziološkim karakteristikama,

and we then are able

i tada smo u mogućnosti

to actually take this information

upotrijebiti ovako dobivene informacije

and then scan this

očitati ih

in a printing computerized form.

i printati u kompjuteriziranom obliku.

So we go layer by layer through the organ,

Činimo to sloj po sloj kroz organ,

analyzing each layer as we go through the organ,

analizirajući svaki sloj kako prelazimo organ,

and we then are able to send that information, as you see here,

i tada šaljemo informacije, kao što vidite ovdje,

through the computer

putem računala

and actually design the organ

i stvarno stvaramo organ

for the patient.

za pacijenta.

This actually shows the actual printer.

Ovdje je prikazan printer.

And this actually shows that printing.

I ovdje je prikazano printanje.

In fact, we actually have the printer right here.

U stvari, imamo printer upravo ovdje.

So while we've been talking today,

Dok smo razgovarali danas,

you can actually see the printer

vidite printer

back here in the back stage.

ovdje iza govornice.

That's actually the actual printer right now,

Ovo je upravo taj printer sada,

and that's been printing this kidney structure

i printa strukturu bubrega

that you see here.

kao što možete vidjeti.

It takes about seven hours to print a kidney,

Potrebno je otprilike sedam sati za printanje bubrega,

so this is about three hours into it now.

a ovo je isprintano za otprilike tri sata do sada.

And Dr. Kang's going to walk onstage right now,

Dr. Kang je otišao sada iza govornice,

and we're actually going to show you one of these kidneys

i pokazat ćemo vam jedan od ovih bubrega

that we printed a little bit earlier today.

koje smo isprintali danas malo ranije.

Put a pair of gloves here.

Stavit ću rukavice.

Thank you.

Hvala.

Go backwards.

Vratimo se unatrag.

So, these gloves are a little bit small on me, but here it is.

Dakle, ove su mi rukavice male, ali evo nas.

You can actually see that kidney

Vidite bubreg

as it was printed earlier today.

koji smo isprinali danas.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Has a little bit of consistency to it.

Vidite čvrstoću.

This is Dr. Kang who's been working with us on this project,

Ovo je Dr. Kang koji radi s nama na ovom projektu

and part of our team.

kao član tima.

Thank you, Dr. Kang. I appreciate it.

Hvala vam, Dr. Kang. Cjenim to.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So this is actually a new generation.

Ovo je nova generacija.

This is actually the printer that you see here onstage.

Ovo je printer kakav možete vidjeti ovdje iza govornice.

And this is actually a new technology we're working on now.

I ovo je nova tehnologija na kojoj trenutno radimo.

In reality, we now have a long history of doing this.

U stvarnosti, sada već imamo dugu povijest.

I'm going to share with you a clip

Pokazat ću vam film

in terms of technology we have had in patients now for a while.

u svijetlu tehnologije koju koristimo na pacijentima već neko vrijeme.

And this is actually a very brief clip --

Ovo je zaista kratak film

only about 30 seconds --

samo 30-ak sekundi

of a patient who actually received an organ.

s pacijentom koji je primio takav organ.

(Video) Luke Massella: I was really sick. I could barely get out of bed.

(Film) Luke Massella: Bio sam jako bolestan. Jedva sam se mogao dići iz kreveta.

I was missing school. It was pretty much miserable.

Izostajao sam iz škole. Bilo je to doista teško.

I couldn't go out

Nisam mogao izlaziti van

and play basketball at recess

i igrati košarku za vrijeme odmora

without feeling like I was going to pass out

bez osjećaja potpune iscrpljenosti

when I got back inside.

kada se vratim.

I felt so sick.

Osjećao sam se jako bolesno.

I was facing basically a lifetime of dialysis,

Suočio sam se s dijalizom,

and I don't even like to think about what my life would be like

i ne želim uopće pomišljati kako bi moj život izgledao

if I was on that.

na taj način.

So after the surgery,

Nakon operacije,

life got a lot better for me.

život je postao puno bolji.

I was able to do more things.

Mogao sam raditi mnoge stvari.

I was able to wrestle in high school.

Bio sam u stanju hrvati se u srednjoj školi.

I became the captain of the team, and that was great.

Postao sam kapetan momčadi, i to je bilo fantastično.

I was able to be a normal kid with my friends.

Postao sam normalno dijete kao moji prijatelji.

And because they used my own cells to build this bladder,

I zato što su koristili moje vlastite stanice za izgradnju mog mokračnog mjehura

it's going to be with me.

postao je dio mene.

I've got it for life, so I'm all set.

Dobio sam ga za cijeli život, sada sam potpun.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Juan Enriquez: These experiments sometimes work,

Juan Enriquez: Ovaj pokus ponekad uspije,

and it's very cool when they do.

I doista je prekrasno kada uspije.

Luke, come up please.

Luke, molim te dođi gore.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So Luke, before last night,

Dakle Luke, osim sinoć,

when's the last time you saw Tony?

kada si zadnji put vidio Tony-ja.

LM: Ten years ago, when I had my surgery --

LM: Prije deset godina, na operaciji

and it's really great to see him.

i doista je predivno vidjeti ga.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

JE: And tell us a little bit about what you're doing.

JE: Reci nam malo o tome što sada radiš.

LM: Well right now I'm in college at the University of Connecticut.

LM: Sada studiram na University of Connecticut.

I'm a sophomore and studying communications, TV and mass media,

Student sam komunikacija, televizijskih i masovnih medija,

and basically trying to live life like a normal kid,

i ustvari trudim se živjeti normalan život,

which I always wanted growing up.

koji sam oduvijek želio u djetinstvu.

But it was hard to do that when I was born with spina bifida

Ali to je bilo teško kada sam rođen s deformitetom (spina bifida)

and my kidneys and bladder weren't working.

i moji bubrezi i mokračni mjehur nisu funkcionirali.

I went through about 16 surgeries,

Prošao sam kroz 16 operacija,

and it seemed impossible to do that

i čini se nestvarnim

when I was in kidney failure when I was 10.

kada imate bubrežnih poteškoća sa 10 godina.

And this surgery came along

I onda je došla ova operacija

and basically made me who I am today

i učinila me ovakvim kakav sam danas

and saved my life.

i spasila moj život.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

JE: And Tony's done hundreds of these?

JE: A Tony je učinio stotine ovakvih?

LM: What I know from, he's working really hard in his lab

LM: Ono što ja znam, on doista naporno radi u svom laboratoriju

and coming up with crazy stuff.

i čini ove lude stvari.

I know I was one of the first 10 people to have this surgery.

Znam kako sam jedan od prvih deset osoba koje su imale ovakvu operaciju.

And when I was 10, I didn't realize how amazing it was.

I kada sam imao 10 godina, stvarno nisam shvaćao kako je ovo nevjerovatno.

I was a little kid, and I was like,

Bio sam dječak, i to je bilo ovako,

"Yeah. I'll have that. I'll have that surgery."

"To. Imao sam ju. Imao sam tu operaciju."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

All I wanted to do was to get better,

Sve ono što sam želi jest da mi bude bolje,

and I didn't realize how amazing it really was until now that I'm older

i nisam shvaćao kako je to sve nevjerovatno dok nisam odrastao

and I see the amazing things that he's doing.

i shvatio ove nevjerovatne stvari koje on radi.

JE: When you got this call out of the blue --

JE: Kada si dobio ovaj poziv --

Tony's really shy,

Tony je doista sramežljiv,

and it took a lot of convincing

i trebalo je dosta uvjeravanja

to get somebody as modest as Tony

za pridobiti nekoga tako skromnog kao Tony

to allow us to bring Luke.

da nam dopusti da pozovemo Luke-a.

So Luke, you go to your communications professors --

Dakle Luke, otišao si svojim profesorima s komunikacija --

you're majoring in communications --

ti se usmjeravaš u komunikacije --

and you ask them for permission to come to TED,

i zatražio si ih dozvolu za dolazak na TED,

which might have a little bit to do with communications,

što ima i vrlo malo veze s komunikacijama,

and what was their reaction?

koja je bila njihova reakcija?

LM: Most of my professors were all for it,

LM: Većina mojih profesora je bila suglasna,

and they said, "Bring pictures

i rekli su, "Donesi slike

and show me the clips online," and "I'm happy for you."

i pokaži nam film online," I bit ćemo sretni zbog tebe."

There were a couple that were a little stubborn,

Bilo ih je nekoliko koji su bili malo tvrdolglavi,

but I had to talk to them.

ali sam razgovarao s njima.

I pulled them aside.

Nisam se obazirao.

JE: Well, it's an honor and a privilege to meet you.

JE: Dakle, čast mi je i zadovoljstvo upoznati te.

Thank you so much. (LM: Thank you so much.)

Hvala ti puno. (LM: Hvala vam puno.)

JE: Thank you, Tony.

JE: Hvala ti, Tony.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)