Romulus Whitaker: The real danger lurking in the water

60,326 views ใƒป 2010-01-07

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: mohamed abd allah hassan ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Mahmoud Aghiorly
00:15
I want you to put off your preconceptions,
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฃู† [ุชู†ู‚ูˆุง ุฑุคูˆุณูƒู…] ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู…ุŒ
00:18
your preconceived fears and thoughts about reptiles.
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ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุงูˆู ูˆุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุจู‚ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุญู.
00:23
Because that is the only way I'm going to get my story across to you.
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ู„ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู„ุฃุญูƒูŠ ู„ูƒู… ู‚ุตุชูŠ
00:26
And by the way, if I come across as a sort of
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ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฃุชูŠ ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
00:29
rabid, hippie conservationist,
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ุงู„ุงููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุนูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎูŠูุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชู†ุงู‚ุถุฉ
00:31
it's purely a figment of your imagination.
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ูุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุญุถ ู†ุณุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูŠุงู„ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูƒ.
00:34
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
00:39
Okay. We are actually the first species on Earth
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ุญุณู†ุง. ูˆู†ุญู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูุนู„ูŠุง ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
00:42
to be so prolific to actually threaten our own survival.
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ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‡ุฏุฏ ุจู‚ุงุฆู‡
00:47
And I know we've all seen images enough to make us numb,
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ู…ุงูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ู„ุชุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ุฎุฏุฑูŠู†
00:50
of the tragedies that we're perpetrating on the planet.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุขุณูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุฑุชูƒุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
00:55
We're kind of like greedy kids, using it all up, aren't we?
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ู†ุญู† ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุดุนูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
00:57
And today is a time for me to talk to you about water.
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ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุญุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
01:03
It's not only because we like to drink lots of it,
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ูู‚ุท ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
01:06
and its marvelous derivatives, beer, wine, etc.
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ูˆู…ู† ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุจูŠุฐุŒ ุฅู„ุฎ.
01:11
And, of course, watch it fall from the sky
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ูˆุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก
01:13
and flow in our wonderful rivers,
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ูˆู†ุชุงุจุน ุฌุฑูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ
01:16
but for several other reasons as well.
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ูˆู„ุงุณุจุงุจ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุงูŠุถุง
01:18
When I was a kid, growing up in New York,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุทูู„ุง ุงูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ
01:20
I was smitten by snakes, the same way most kids are
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ูƒู†ุช ูƒุบูŠุฑูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ุบุฑู…ุง ุจุงู„ุซุนุงุจูŠู†
01:22
smitten by tops, marbles, cars, trains, cricket balls.
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ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุŒ ู‚ู…ู… ุงู„ุฑุฎุงู… ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑุงุช ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠูƒูŠุช.
01:27
And my mother, brave lady,
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ูˆุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฌุงุนุฉ
01:29
was partly to blame,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠ
01:31
taking me to the New York Natural History Museum,
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ูˆุชุงุฎุฐู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ
01:33
buying me books on snakes,
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ูˆุชุดุชุฑูŠ ู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจุง ุนู† ุงู„ุซุนุงุจูŠู†
01:35
and then starting this infamous career of mine,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุงูˆุญูŠ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฉ ููŠ ุฑุฃุณูŠ
01:39
which has culminated in
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุงู„ู‰
01:41
of course, arriving in India 60 years ago,
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60 ุนุงู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ
01:45
brought by my mother, Doris Norden,
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ูˆุฌู„ุจุช ุงู…ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑูŠุณ ู†ูˆุฑุฏู† ู…ุนูŠ
01:47
and my stepfather, Rama Chattopadhyaya.
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ูˆุฒูˆุฌ ุงู…ูŠ ุฑุงู…ุง ูƒุงุชูˆุจุงุฏุงูŠุง
01:49
It's been a roller coaster ride.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุญูˆู„ุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุง
01:53
Two animals, two iconic reptiles
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ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุญู ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุนุฉ
01:55
really captivated me very early on.
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ุฃุซุฑุง ููŠูŽู‘ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฒู…ู†
01:58
One of them was the remarkable gharial.
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ุงุญุฏู‡ู…ุง ุชู…ุณุงุญ ุงู„ุฌุงุฑู‡ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒ
02:01
This crocodile, which grows to almost 20 feet long
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ุณุงุญ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุทูˆู„ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‚ุฏู…ุง
02:03
in the northern rivers,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ
02:05
and this charismatic snake, the king cobra.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุซุนุจุงู† ุงู„ูƒุงุฑูŠุฒู…ูŠ ุŒ ุงู„ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ.
02:10
What my purpose of the talk today really is,
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ุงู„ุบุฑุถ ู…ู† ุญุฏูŠุซูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
02:12
is to sort of indelibly scar your minds
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงุนูŠุฏ ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุนู‚ูˆู„ูƒู…
02:15
with these charismatic and majestic creatures.
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ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุงุฑูŠุฒู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุงุญุฑุฉ
02:18
Because this is what you will take away from here,
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ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง [ุขู…ู„] ุณูˆู ุชุฃุฎุฐูˆู† ุจุนูŠุฏุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
02:21
a reconnection with nature, I hope.
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ุงุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุชุตุงู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุฃู…ู„
02:26
The king cobra is quite remarkable for several reasons.
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ุงู„ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ู„ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ.
02:29
What you're seeing here is very recently shot images
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ุงู†ุชู… ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ุตูˆุฑุง ู…ู„ุชู‚ุทุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซุง
02:32
in a forest nearby here,
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ููŠ ุบุงุจุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
02:34
of a female king cobra making her nest.
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ู„ุฃู†ุซูŠ ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ุชุตู†ุน ุนุดู‡ุง
02:36
Here is a limbless animal, capable of gathering a huge mound of leaves,
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ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุซุฏูŠ ู…ุดูˆู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฑ ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงู‚ุŒ
02:40
and then laying her eggs inside,
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ุซู… ุชุถุน ุจูŠุถู‡ุง ุชุญุชู‡ุง
02:42
to withstand 5 to 10 [meters of rainfall],
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ู„ุชุตู…ุฏ ุญุชูŠ 5-10 ุฃู…ุชุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทูŠุฑุฉ
02:46
in order that the eggs can incubate over the next 90 days,
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุญุชู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุช 90 ูŠูˆู…ุง ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
02:49
and hatch into little baby king cobras.
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ูˆุชูู‚ุณ ู„ุชุตุจุญ ุตุบุงุฑ ูƒูˆุจุฑุง
02:51
So, she protects her eggs,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูŠ ุชุญู…ูŠ ุจูŠุถู‡ุง
02:53
and after three months,
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑ
02:56
the babies finally do hatch out.
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ุชุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุถ
02:58
A majority of them will die, of course. There is very high mortality
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ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ุณูŠู…ูˆุช ุทุจุนุง . ุงุนู„ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ูˆููŠุงุช
03:01
in little baby reptiles who are just 10 to 12 inches long.
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ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุชูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง 10-12 ุจูˆุตุฉ
03:06
My first experience with king cobras was in '72
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ุงูˆู„ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ู…ุน ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… 72
03:08
at a magical place called Agumbe,
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ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุณุงุญุฑ ูŠุฏุนูŠ ุงุฌูˆู…ุจูŠ
03:11
in Karnataka, this state.
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ููŠ ูƒุงุฑุงุชุงู†ูƒุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ
03:14
And it is a marvelous rain forest.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุบุงุจุฉ ู…ู…ุทุฑุฉ ูˆุฑุงุฆุนุฉ
03:17
This first encounter
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ุงูˆู„ ู„ู‚ุงุก
03:19
was kind of like the
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ูƒุงู† ู…ุซู„
03:21
Maasai boy who kills the lion to become a warrior.
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ุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุณุงูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุฏ ู„ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ุญุงุฑุจ.
03:25
It really changed my life totally.
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ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ุญูŠุงุชูŠ
03:27
And it brought me straight into the conservation fray.
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ูˆุฌู„ุจุชู†ูŠ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ
03:30
I ended up starting this research
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ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุจูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ูƒูŠ ุฃุดุฑุน ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุญุซ
03:32
and education station in Agumbe,
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ูˆู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ ููŠ ุงุฌูˆู…ุจูŠ
03:34
which you are all of course invited to visit.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุงู†ุชู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ู…ุฏุนูˆูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฑุชู‡
03:37
This is basically a base wherein
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
03:39
we are trying to gather and learn
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ู†ุชุนู„ู… ูˆู†ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ููŠู‡ุง
03:41
virtually everything about the biodiversity
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ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ
03:43
of this incredibly complex forest system,
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู…ูŠุง
03:46
and try to hang on to what's there,
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ูˆุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
03:48
make sure the water sources are protected and kept clean,
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ูˆุงู„ุชุงูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุงู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู…ุญููˆุธุฉ ูˆู…ุญู…ูŠุฉ
03:51
and of course, having a good time too.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู…ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ูˆู‚ุช ุฌู…ูŠู„
03:54
You can almost hear the drums
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุณู…ุงุน ุงู„ุทุจูˆู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
03:56
throbbing back in that little cottage where we stay when we're there.
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ุชุฎูู‚ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฎ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠู‡
04:01
It was very important for us to get through to the people.
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
04:05
And through the children is usually the way to go.
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ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
04:08
They are fascinated with snakes. They haven't got
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู†ุฏู‡ุดูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฃูุงุนูŠ ุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ู… ู„ู… ูŠุญุตู„ูˆุง
04:10
that steely thing that you end up
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ุนู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูŠู‡
04:13
either fearing or hating or despising or loathing them in some way.
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ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฎุงุฆููŠู† ุงูˆ ู…ุดู…ุฆุฒูŠู†
04:17
They are interested.
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ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู†
04:19
And it really works to start with them.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏุฉ
04:21
This gives you an idea of the size of some of these snakes.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญุฌู… ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุซุนุงุจูŠู†.
04:23
This is an average size king cobra, about 12 feet long.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ูƒูˆุจุฑุงุŒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 12 ุฃู‚ุฏุงู…
04:26
And it actually crawled into somebody's bathroom,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฒุญู ูุนู„ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุญู…ุงู… ุดุฎุต ู…ุงุŒ
04:28
and was hanging around there for two or three days.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุนู„ู‚ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุงุจูŠู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงูŠุงู…
04:30
The people of this part of India
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ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุงุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ
04:32
worship the king cobra.
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ูŠู‚ุฏุณูˆู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ
04:34
And they didn't kill it. They called us to catch it.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ู„ุงูŠู‚ุชู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุจู„ ูŠู„ุงุญู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงุฌู„ ู‚ุจุถู‡ุง
04:36
Now we've caught more than 100 king cobras
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ูˆุชู… ู‚ุจุถ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 100 ู…ู†ู‡ุง
04:38
over the last three years,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
04:40
and relocated them in nearby forests.
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ูˆุชู… ุงุทู„ุงู‚ ุณุฑุงุญู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงุจุฉ
04:43
But in order to find out the real secrets of these creatures
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช
04:46
[it was necessary] for us to actually insert
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ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุงู† ...
04:49
a small radio transmitter inside [each] snake.
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ู†ุถุน ุงุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุฑุงุฏุงุฑ ู…ุฑุณู„ู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ ูƒู„ ุซุนุจุงู†
04:52
Now we are able to follow them and find out their secrets,
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ูˆุงุตุจุญู†ุง ู†ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูˆู†ุนุฑู ุงุณุฑุงุฑู‡ู…
04:56
where the babies go after they hatch,
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ูˆุงูŠู† ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุจุนุฏ ูู‚ุณู‡ุง
04:59
and remarkable things like this you're about to see.
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ูˆุงุดูŠุงุก ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุงู†ุชู… ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ุง
05:03
This was just a few days ago in Agumbe.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงูŠุงู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงุฌูˆู…ุจูŠ
05:05
I had the pleasure of being close to this large king cobra
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูƒ ู…ุชุนุฉ ุงู† ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
05:10
who had caught a venomous pit viper.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุจุถ ุซุนุจุงู† ุณุงู…ุง
05:12
And it does it in such a way that it doesn't get bitten itself.
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ูˆูุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู… ุชุคุฐูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
05:15
And king cobras feed only on snakes.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุซุนุจุงู† ูŠุชุบุฐูŠ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูุงุนูŠ
05:19
This [little snake] was kind of a tid-bit for it,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง [ุงู„ุซุนุจุงู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง] ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุจุช ุงู„ุฏุงุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡ุง ุŒ
05:21
what we'd call a "vadai" or a donut or something like that.
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ูˆู…ุงูŠุนุฑู ู…ุญู„ูŠุง ุจุงู„ูุงุฏู†ูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆู†ุงุช
05:23
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:26
Usually they eat something a bit larger.
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ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุชุงูƒู„ ุดุฆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ
05:28
In this case a rather strange and inexplicable
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุบุฑูŠุจุง ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ุดุฑุญ
05:32
activity happened over the last breeding season,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ู…ูˆุณู… ุงู„ุชุฒุงูˆุฌ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
05:35
wherein a large male king cobra actually grabbed a female king cobra,
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ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฐูƒุฑ ูุนู„ูŠุง ูŠู…ุณูƒ ุจุฃู†ุซูŠ ูƒูˆุจุฑุง
05:39
didn't mate with it, actually killed it and swallowed it.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ุง ูŠุชุนุงุดุฑุงู† ู„ูƒู† ูุนู„ูŠุง ู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุจุชู„ุนู‡ุง
05:42
We're still trying to explain and come to terms with
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ูˆู…ุงุฒู„ู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ูŠ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ
05:44
what is the evolutionary advantage of this.
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ูˆู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุนู„
05:49
But they do also a lot of other remarkable things.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุดุฉ
05:52
This is again, something [we were able to see] by virtue of the fact
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ [ูƒู†ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูŠุฉ] ุจุญูƒู… ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน...
05:54
that we had a radio transmitter in one of the snakes.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู„ุงุณู„ูƒูŠ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซุนุงุจูŠู†ุŒ
05:57
This male snake, 12 feet long, met another male king cobra.
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ุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุซุนุจุงู†ุŒ 12 ุฃู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ู…ู„ูƒ ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ุฐูƒุฑ ุขุฎุฑ.
06:00
And they did this incredible ritual combat dance.
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ูˆูุนู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุนู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ุชุตุฏูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุทู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุต.
06:04
It's very much like the rutting of mammals, including humans,
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ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุดุจู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ุงู„ุงู†ุณ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุซุฏูŠูŠุงุชุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
06:06
you know, sorting out our differences, but gentler, no biting allowed.
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ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฑุงูƒุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃู„ุทูุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุถ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุจู‡
06:10
It's just a wresting match,
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ูู‚ุท ู…ุจุงุฑุงุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุตุงุฑุนุฉ
06:12
but a remarkable activity.
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ู„ูƒู† ู†ุดุงุท ู…ุฏู‡ุด
06:14
Now, what are we doing with all this information?
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ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ูุนู„ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉุŸ
06:16
What's the point of all this?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡
06:18
Well, the king cobra is literally
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุญุฑููŠุง
06:20
a keystone species in these rainforests.
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ู„ู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทูŠุฑุฉ.
06:23
And our job is to convince the authorities
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ูˆู…ู‡ู…ุชู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ู„ุฅู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงุช
06:27
that these forests have to be protected.
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ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุงุจุงุช ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู…ูŠุฉ.
06:29
And this is one of the ways we do it,
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ู† ..
06:31
by learning as much as we can
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ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทุงุน
06:33
about something so remarkable and so iconic in the rainforests there,
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ุนู† ุดูŠุก ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ูˆู…ุจุฏุน ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
06:37
in order to help protect trees, animals
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ู„ุชุชู… ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช
06:40
and of course the water sources.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงูƒูŠุฏ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
06:42
You've all heard, perhaps, of Project Tiger
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ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุณู…ุนุชู… ุจู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู†ู…ุฑ
06:44
which started back in the early '70s,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุฏุง ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุนูŠู†ุงุช
06:47
which was, in fact, a very dynamic time for conservation.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ุฑู†ุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ
06:51
We were piloted, I could say,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุบู„ูŠ ... ุงู† ุงู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„
06:54
by a highly autocratic stateswoman,
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ู…ู† ุฅู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงุณุชุจุฏุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุŒ
06:56
but who also had an incredible passion for environment.
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ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุดุบู ุฑุงุฆุน ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
07:00
And this is the time when Project Tiger emerged.
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ูˆููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน
07:03
And, just like Project Tiger,
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ูˆูุนู„ุง ุงุญุจุจุช ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู†ู…ุฑ
07:06
our activities with the king cobra
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ูˆู†ุดุงุทู†ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ
07:08
is to look at a species of animal
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช
07:10
so that we protect its habitat and everything within it.
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ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชุณู†ู‰ ู„ู†ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฆุชู‡ุง ูˆูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง.
07:13
So, the tiger is the icon.
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ู„ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ
07:15
And now the king cobra is a new one.
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ
07:19
All the major rivers in south India
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ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ
07:21
are sourced in the Western Ghats,
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ูˆู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ู‚ุงุชุณ
07:23
the chain of hills running along the west coast of India.
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ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ู„ู„ู‡ู†ุฏ.
07:27
It pours out millions of gallons every hour,
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ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตุจ ุจู‡ุง ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุงู„ูˆู†ุงุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ุณุงุนุฉุŒ
07:30
and supplies drinking water to at least 300 million people,
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ูˆุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠู‚ู„ ุนู† 300 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุตุŒ
07:34
and washes many, many babies,
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ูˆูŠุบุณู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ
07:37
and of course feeds many, many animals,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน ูŠุบุฐูŠ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ
07:40
both domestic and wild,
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ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠูุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุชูˆุญุดุฉ
07:42
produces thousands of tons of rice.
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ูˆูŠูˆุฑุฏ ุงู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃุทู†ุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุฒ
07:44
And what do we do? How do we respond to this?
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ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ู†ูุนู„ุŸ ูƒูŠู ู†ุฑุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
07:46
Well, basically, we dam it, we pollute it,
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ุญุณู†ุง ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุŒ ู†ุณุฏู‡ ูˆู†ู„ูˆุซู‡
07:48
we pour in pesticides, weedicides, fungicides.
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ูˆู†ู„ูˆุซู‡ ุจุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุจุฏุงุช ูˆุงู„ุณู…ูˆู…
07:51
You drink it in peril of your life.
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ูˆุงู†ุช ุชุดุฑุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ
07:54
And the thing is, it's not just big industry.
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ูˆุŒ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
07:57
It's not misguided river engineers
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ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑ ู…ุจุฏุนุฉ
07:59
who are doing all this; it's us.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง ู‚ูˆู… ู…ุจุฏุนูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุญู†
08:01
It seems that our citizens find the best way to dispose of garbage
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ุนู„ูŠ ู…ุงูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู† ู…ุฏู†ู†ุง ูˆุฌุฏุช ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุฎ
08:05
are in water sources.
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ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
08:07
Okay. Now we're going north, very far north.
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ุงู„ุฃู† ุณูˆู ู†ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ูŠ ุงู‚ุตู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
08:10
North central India, the Chambal River
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ููŠ ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ูˆู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุจู„
08:12
is where we have our base.
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ุญูŠุซ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู‚ุงุนุฏุชู†ุง
08:14
This is the home of the gharial, this incredible crocodile.
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ุญูŠุซ ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุชู…ุณุงุญ ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน
08:18
It is an animal which has been on the Earth
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ู†ุฐ
08:21
for just about 100 million years.
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100 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุนุงู…
08:24
It survived even during the time that the dinosaurs died off.
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ู†ุฌุง ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ุงุชุช ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุงุตูˆุฑุงุช.
08:28
It has remarkable features.
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ุจุณุจุจ ู…ูŠุฒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ
08:30
Even though it grows to 20 feet long,
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ุฑุบู… ุทูˆู„ู‡ ุฐูŠ ุงู„ 20 ู‚ุฏู…ุง
08:32
since it eats only fish it's not dangerous to human beings.
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ูˆุจู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงูƒ ูู‚ุท ูุงู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุดูƒู„ ุฎุทุฑุง ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ
08:35
It does have big teeth, however,
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ูู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ
08:37
and it's kind of hard to convince people
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ูˆุงู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุฅู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
08:39
if an animal has big teeth, that it's a harmless creature.
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ุฅุฐุง ุญูŠูˆุงู† ู„ู‡ ุงุณู†ุงู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุคุฐูŠ.
08:42
But we, actually, back in the early '70s,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูˆุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… 70
08:46
did surveys,
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ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฃุจุญุงุซ
08:48
and found that gharial were extremely rare.
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ูˆูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„ ูƒุงู† ู†ุงุฏุฑุง ุฌุฏุง
08:52
In fact, if you see the map,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ
08:54
the range of their original habitat
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ูƒุงู† ู†ุทุงู‚ู‡ ูˆู†ุดุงุทู‡ ูŠู…ุชุฏ
08:56
was all the way from the Indus in Pakistan
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฏุณ ููŠ ุจุงูƒุณุชุงู†
08:59
to the Irrawaddy in Burma.
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ุงู„ูŠ ุงุฑุงุฏูˆูŠ ููŠ ุจูˆู…ุจุงูŠ
09:01
And now it's just limited to a couple of spots
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ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุฃู† ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ
09:03
in Nepal and India.
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ููŠ ู†ูŠุจุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ
09:05
So, in fact at this point
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
09:08
there are only 200 breeding gharial left in the wild.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูู‚ุท 200 ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ
09:12
So, starting in the mid-'70s
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ 70
09:14
when conservation was at the fore,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญูุธ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฏุงุฑุฉุŒ
09:17
we were actually able to start projects which were
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ุชู…ูƒู†ุง ู…ู† ุจุฏุก ู…ุดุงุฑุน ูˆู‡ูŠ
09:20
basically government supported
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ุจุฏุนู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ
09:22
to collect eggs from the wild from the few remaining nests
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ู„ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุดุงุด ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠุฉ
09:25
and release 5,000 baby gharial
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ูˆุงู„ุงูุฑุงุฌ ุนู† 5000 ุทูู„ ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„
09:27
back to the wild.
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ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ
09:29
And pretty soon we were seeing sights like this.
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ูˆู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฌุฏุง ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
09:32
I mean, just incredible to see bunches of gharial
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ู…ู†ุธุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„
09:35
basking on the river again.
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ุชุนูˆู… ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ ูˆุชุฑุณูˆ ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง
09:37
But complacency does have a tendency to breed contempt.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฑุถุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฐุงุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ูŠู„ ู„ุชูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ุงุญุชู‚ุงุฑ.
09:41
And, sure enough, with all the other pressures on the river,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุคูƒุฏุŒ ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุถุบูˆุท ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ ุŒ
09:44
like sand mining, for example,
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ู…ุซู„ ุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ุฑู…ุงู„ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
09:47
very, very heavy cultivation all the way down to the river's edge,
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ูˆุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุซูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุงูุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑุŒ
09:51
not allowing the animals to breed anymore,
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ู„ู… ุชุนุฏ ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
09:53
we're looking at
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุจุญุซ ููŠ
09:56
even more problems building up for the gharial,
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ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงุฎุฑูŠ ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑูŠุงู„
09:59
despite the early good intentions.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ุทูŠุจุฉ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุจูƒุฑ.
10:01
Their nests hatching along the riverside
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ูˆูู‚ุณุช ุงุนุดุงุดู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ
10:05
producing hundreds of hatchlings. It's just an amazing sight.
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ูˆุงุฎุฑุฌุช ุงู„ู…ุฆุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุงุฆู„
10:08
This was actually just taken last year.
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ุงุฎุฐุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
10:10
But then the monsoon arrives,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุทุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณู…ูŠุฉุŒ
10:14
and unfortunately downriver there is always a dam or
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ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณุฏูˆุฏ
10:16
there is always a barrage,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุณุฏ
10:18
and, shoop, they get washed down to their doom.
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ู…ู…ุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุชุฎุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑ
10:22
Luckily there is still a lot of interest.
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ู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุญุธ ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู….
10:24
My pals in the Crocodile Specialist Group of the IUCN,
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ุงู„ุฒู…ู„ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู„ุชู…ุณุงุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ
10:27
the [Madras Crocodile Bank], an NGO,
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ุจู†ูƒ ู…ุงุฏุฑุณ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงุณูŠุญ ูˆ ุงู† ุฌูŠ ุงูˆ
10:29
the World Wildlife Fund,
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ูƒู…ูู…ูŽูˆู„ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ
10:31
the Wildlife Institute of India, State Forest Departments,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุบุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุฆูŠุฉ
10:34
and the Ministry of Environment, we all work together on stuff.
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ูˆูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŒ ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดูŠุงุก
10:37
But it's possibly, and definitely not enough.
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ู„ูƒู† ูุนู„ูŠุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงููŠุง
10:41
For example, in the winter of 2007 and 2008,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ููŠ ุดุชุงุก 2007 ูˆ 2008ุŒ
10:46
there was this incredible die-off of gharial, in the Chambal River.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ู…ูุฌุน ู„ู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงุจุงู„
10:50
Suddenly dozens of gharial appearing on the river, dead.
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ูุฌุฃุฉ ุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณุทุน ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู ู…ู† ุชู…ุงุณูŠุญ ุงู„ุฌุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆููŠุฉ
10:52
Why? How could it happen?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูˆูƒูŠู ุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
10:54
This is a relatively clean river.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ู‡ุฑ ู†ู‚ูŠ
10:56
The Chambal, if you look at it, has clear water.
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ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุจู„ ู„ูˆ ู†ุธุฑุช ุงู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู†ู‚ูŠุฉ
10:59
People scoop water out of the Chambal and drink it,
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุดุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ
11:01
something you wouldn't do in most north Indian rivers.
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ุดูŠ ู„ุงูŠูุนู„ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุน ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุดู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ
11:04
So, in order to try to find out the answer to this,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ
11:07
we got veterinarians from all over the world
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ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠุทุฑูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
11:09
working with Indian vets to try to figure out what was happening.
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ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุทุจุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠุทุฑูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠูŠูˆู† ู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุฏุซ.
11:12
I was there for a lot of the necropsies on the riverside.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ
11:16
And we actually looked through
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ูˆุนุจุฑู‡
11:18
all their organs and tried to figure out what was going on.
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ูˆูุชุญ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงุนุถุงุฆู‡ุง ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุงูŠุญุฏุซ
11:21
And it came down to something called gout,
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ูˆุงู†ู‡ ุฌุงุก ุงู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑุณุŒ
11:24
which, as a result of kidney breakdown
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ุงู„ุชูŠุŒ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰
11:27
is actually uric acid crystals throughout the body,
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ูู‚ุฏ ูˆุฌุฏ ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ู…ู†ุดุชุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู…
11:30
and worse in the joints,
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุณูˆุก ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุŒ
11:33
which made the gharial unable to swim.
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ู…ู…ุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุชู…ุณุงุญ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณุจุงุญุฉ
11:36
And it's a horribly painful death.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ูˆุช ู…ุคู„ู…
11:38
Just downriver from the Chambal is the
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ููŠ ุงุณูู„ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ
11:40
filthy Yamuna river, the sacred Yamuna river.
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ู†ู‡ุฑ ูŠุงู…ูˆู†ุง ูˆู†ู‡ุฑ ูŠุงู…ูˆู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุณ.
11:43
And I hate to be so ironic and sarcastic about it
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุฑู‡ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฎุฑุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
11:47
but it's the truth. It's just one of the filthiest cesspools you can imagine.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ. ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุฐุฑ ุงู„ุจุงู„ูˆุนุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ู‡.
11:50
It flows down through Delhi, Mathura, Agra,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุชุฏูู‚ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุฏู„ู‡ูŠุŒ ู…ุงุซูˆุฑุงุŒ ุงุฌุฑุงุŒ
11:54
and gets just about every bit of effluent you can imagine.
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ุฌุงุฑูุง ู…ุนู‡ ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ู‡ุง
11:57
So, it seemed that the toxin that was killing the gharial
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„
12:01
was something in the food chain,
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ูƒุงู† ุดูŠุฆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ
12:03
something in the fish they were eating.
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ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฃูƒู„ูˆู†ู‡.
12:05
And, you know, once a toxin is in the food chain
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุณู… ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ
12:07
everything is affected, including us.
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ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ
12:10
Because these rivers are the lifeblood of people all along their course.
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ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุณุงุฑู‡ุง.
12:14
In order to try to answer some of these questions,
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ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุฑุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ
12:16
we again turn to technology,
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ู„ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
12:18
to biological technology, in this case,
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ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุŒ
12:21
again, telemetry, putting radios on 10 gharial,
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ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณุŒ ูˆุถุนุช ุฃุดุฑุทุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰ 10 ู…ู† ุชู…ุงุณูŠุญ ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„
12:25
and actually following their movements. They're being watched
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ูˆูุนู„ุง ุชุจุนู†ุง ุชุญุฑูƒุงุชู‡ู…. ูˆูˆุถุนู†ุงู‡ู… ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ
12:27
everyday as we speak, to try to find out
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ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู…ุŒ ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
12:29
what this mysterious toxin is.
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ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู… ุงู„ุบุงู…ุถ.
12:32
The Chambal river is an absolutely incredible place.
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ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุจุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุทู„ุงู‚.
12:36
It's a place that's famous to a lot of you who know
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ูƒู… ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ
12:39
about the bandits, the dacoits
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ุญูˆู„ ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุตูˆุต
12:42
who used to work up there. And there still are quite a few around.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง.
12:45
But Poolan Devi was one [of them]. Which actually Shekhar Kapur
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ู„ูƒู† ุจูˆู„ุงู† ุฏูŠููŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ูุนู„ุง ุดูŠุฎุงุฑ ูƒุงุจูˆุฑ
12:48
made an incredible movie, "The Bandit Queen," which I urge you to see.
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ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚ ูˆุŒ ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ุตูˆุตุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุซูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูŠุชู‡.
12:51
You'll get to see the incredible [Chambal] landscape as well.
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ุณูˆู ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุจุงู„ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
12:54
But, again, heavy fishing pressures.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ูˆุถุบูˆุท ุงู„ุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉ.
12:58
This is one of the last repositories of the
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆุฏุนุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
13:01
Ganges river dolphin,
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ุฏู„ููŠู† ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุบุงู†ุฌุŒ
13:03
various species of turtles,
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ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู„ุงุญูุŒ
13:05
thousands of migratory birds,
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ูˆุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑุฉุŒ
13:07
and fishing is causing problems like this.
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ูˆุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงูƒ ูŠุณุจุจ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
13:10
And now [these] new elements of human intolerance
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† [ู‡ุฐู‡] ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุชุนุตุจ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
13:15
for river creatures like the gharial
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ู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„
13:18
means that if they don't drown in the net,
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุบุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒุŒ
13:21
then they simply cut their beaks off.
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ุซู… ู‚ุทุนูˆุง ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู…ู†ุงู‚ูŠุฑู‡ุง
13:23
Animals like the Ganges river dolphin
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ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุฏูˆู„ููŠู† ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุบุงู†ุฌ
13:25
which is just down to a few left,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ุทู† ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง
13:27
and it is also critically endangered.
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ุฎุทุฑ.
13:29
So, who is next? Us?
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŸ ู†ุญู†ุŸ
13:31
Because we are all dependent on these water sources.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ.
13:34
So, we all know about the Narmada river,
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ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู†ุญู† ูƒู„ู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุนู† ู†ู‡ุฑ ู†ุงุฑู…ุงุฏุงุŒ
13:36
the tragedies of dams, the tragedies of huge projects
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ู…ุขุณูŠ ุงู„ุณุฏูˆุฏ ูˆู…ุขุณูŠ ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุถุฎู…ุฉ
13:39
which displace people and wreck river systems
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุดุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆุชุญุทูŠู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ
13:42
without providing livelihoods.
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ุฏูˆู† ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุณุจู„ ุงู„ุนูŠุด.
13:44
And development just basically going berserk,
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ุงู† ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุชู‡ุฏู ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ
13:47
for a double figure growth index, basically.
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ู„ู…ุถุงุนูุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ
13:50
So, we're not sure where this story is going to end,
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ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏูŠู† ุฃูŠู† ุณู†ุตู„ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
13:55
whether it's got a happy or sad ending.
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ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุนูŠุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุญุฒูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
13:57
And climate change is certainly going
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ูˆุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ
13:59
to turn all of our theories and predictions on their heads.
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ุณูˆู ูŠู†ู‚ู„ุจ ุถุฏู†ุง ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ุง
14:02
We're still working hard at it.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุฒุงู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุจุฌู‡ุฏ ููŠู‡.
14:04
We've got a lot of a good team of people working up there.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
14:07
And the thing is, you know, the decision makers,
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ูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูุฅู† ุตู†ุงุน ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ูŠุตู†ุนูˆู†
14:10
the folks in power,
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉุŒ
14:12
they're up in their bungalows and so on in Delhi,
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ุงู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง ูˆู‡ู„ู… ุฌุฑุง ููŠ ุฏู„ู‡ูŠุŒ
14:14
in the city capitals. They are all supplied with plenty of water. It's cool.
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ููŠ ุนูˆุงุตู… ุงู„ู…ุฏู†. ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชูˆููŠุฑู‡ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก. ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ.
14:17
But out on the rivers there are still millions of people
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑ .. ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
14:20
who are in really bad shape.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ุญู‚ุง.
14:23
And it's a bleak future for them.
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ูˆุงู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู‚ุงุชู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ู….
14:25
So, we have our Ganges and Yamuna cleanup project.
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุบุงู†ุฌ ูˆูŠุงู…ูˆู†ุง ูŠู†ุธู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน.
14:28
We've spent hundreds of millions of dollars on it,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุถูŠู†ุง ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
14:30
and nothing to show for it. Incredible.
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ูˆู„ู… ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุดูŠ ู…ุฐู‡ู„
14:33
So, people talk about political will.
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ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู† ุงู„ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ.
14:36
During the die-off of the gharial we did galvanize a lot of action.
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ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุชู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุงู„ ู†ูุนู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
14:39
Government cut through all the red tape,
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ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุชุชุญูุฒ ูˆุชู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุท ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ
14:41
we got foreign vets on it. It was great.
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ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠุทุฑูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุนุธูŠู…ุง
14:43
So, we can do it.
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ุงุฌู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ
14:45
But if you stroll down to the Yamuna
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ู†ุฒู‡ุฉ ูˆุตูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู‰ ูŠุงู…ูˆู†ุง
14:47
or to the Gomati in Lucknow,
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ููŠ ุฌุงู…ูˆุชูŠ ููŠ ู„ูˆุดู†ุงูˆ
14:49
or to the Adyar river in Chennai,
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ุฃูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠุงุฑ ููŠ ุดูŠู†ุงูŠุŒ
14:52
or the Mula-Mutha river in Pune,
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ุฃูˆ ู†ู‡ุฑ ู…ูˆู„ุง - ู…ุคุชุฉ ููŠ ุจูŠูˆู†ุŒ
14:55
just see what we're capable of doing to a river. It's sad.
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ุงู†ุธุฑ ูู‚ุท ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุฑ. ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุงู…ุฑ ู…ุญุฒู†.
14:59
But I think the final note really is
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ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ูƒู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุญู‚ุง
15:02
that we can do it.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
15:05
The corporates, the artists, the wildlife nuts,
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ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ูู†ุงู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ุฌุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ
15:08
the good old everyday folks
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ู…ุซู„ ุงูŠุงู… ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงู„ูŠ
15:10
can actually bring these rivers back.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูŠ ุณุงุจู‚ ุนู‡ุฏู‡
15:13
And the final word is
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ูˆุงุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
15:15
that there is a king cobra looking over our shoulders.
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ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุนู„ูŠ ุนุงุชู‚ู†ุง
15:19
And there is a gharial looking at us from the river.
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ูˆุงู„ุฌุงุฑุฑูŠุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ
15:22
And these are powerful water totems.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู…ูˆุงุฌ ู†ู‡ุฑ ุฌุงู…ุญุฉ
15:24
And they are going to disturb our dreams until we do the right thing.
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฐุงู‡ุจูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒุนุฒุนุฉ ุฃุญู„ุงู…ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ู†ูุนู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ.
15:28
Namaste.
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ู†ุงู…ุณูƒุงุฑ
15:30
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
15:36
Chris Anderson: Thanks, Rom. Thanks a lot.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุงู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†:ุดูƒุฑุง ุฑูˆู….ุดูƒุฑุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง
15:39
You know, most people are terrified of snakes.
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ุงู†ุช ุชุนู„ู… ุงู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู† ู…ุฑุนูˆุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุซุนุงุจูŠู†
15:42
And there might be quite a few people here who would be
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ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง
15:44
very glad to see the last king cobra bite the dust.
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ู…ุณุฑูˆุฑ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ูŠู†ูุถ ุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡
15:47
Do you have those conversations with people?
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ู‡ู„ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŸ
15:50
How do you really get them to care?
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ูƒูŠู ุชุญุตู„ ุญู‚ุง ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉุŸ
15:52
Romulus Whitaker: I take the sort of humble approach,
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ุฑุงู…ูˆุณ ูˆุงูŠุชุงูƒุฑ: : ุฃุบุชู†ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุถุน
15:57
I guess you could say. I don't say that snakes are huggable exactly.
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ุงู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูˆุฏูˆุฏุฉ ูˆู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุนู†ุงู‚
16:01
It's not like the teddy bear.
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ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุซู„ ุฏุจ ุงู„ุฃู„ุนุงุจ
16:04
But I sort of -- there is an innocence in these animals.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ -- ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฑุงุกุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช.
16:08
And when the average person looks at a cobra
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู… ูŠู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูˆุจุฑุง
16:10
going "Ssssss!" like that, they say, "My god,
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชูุญูุญ "ุณุณุณุณุณ" ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุงุฅู„ู‡ูŠ
16:12
look at that angry, dangerous creature."
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ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุบุถุจ. "
16:14
I look at it as a creature who is totally frightened
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ูˆุงู†ุง ุงู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฆูุฉ ู…ู†
16:17
of something so dangerous as a human being.
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ุดุฆ ุฎุทุฑ ูƒุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
16:20
And that is the truth. And that's what I try to get out.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุจู‡.
16:23
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
16:27
CA: Now, incredible footage you showed of the viper being killed.
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ุณูŠ ุงูŠ: ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู„ู‚ุทุงุช ู…ุฑุนุจุฉ ุฃุธู‡ุฑุช ู„ูƒู… ู…ุงูŠุฌุฑูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุงูุนู‰.
16:29
You were saying that that hasn't been filmed before.
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ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุชุตูˆูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„.
16:32
RW: Yes, this is actually the first time anyone of us knew about it, for one thing.
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ุงุฑ ุฅู…:ุงูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุนุฑู ุดุฎุต ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง
16:35
As I said, it's just like a little snack for him, you know?
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชุŒ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ ู…ู† ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ู… ูŠุนุฑุถ
16:38
Usually they eat larger snakes like rat snakes,
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ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุฃูƒู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุซุนุงุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุซุนุงุจูŠู† ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู†ุŒ
16:40
or even cobras.
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ุงูˆ ุญุชูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุจุฑุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง
16:42
But this guy who we're following right now is in the deep jungle.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุจุนู‡ ููŠ ุงุนู…ุงู‚ ุงู„ุบุงุจุฉ
16:45
Whereas other king cobras
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ุญูŠุซ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูุงุนูŠ
16:47
very often come into the human interface,
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ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ุชุฃุชูŠ ููŠ ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ
16:49
you know, the plantations, to find big rat snakes and stuff.
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑููˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน ุญูŠุซ ุชุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
16:52
This guy specializes in pit vipers.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู…ุชุฎุตุต ููŠ ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงูุงุนูŠ.
16:55
And the guy who is working there with them,
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ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุนู‡ู…ุŒ
16:57
he's from Maharashtra, he said, "I think he's after the nusha."
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู† ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุงู‡ุงุฑุงุดุชุฑุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ "ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุดุง".
17:00
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
17:02
Now, the nusha means the high.
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ูˆู†ูˆุดุง ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฑุชูุงุน
17:04
Whenever he eats the pit viper he gets this little venom rush.
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ุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุชุดูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุง ุชุนุถู‡ ุงูุนูŠ
17:07
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
17:09
CA: Thanks Rom. Thank you.
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ุณูŠ ุงูŠ: ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ
17:11
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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