Romulus Whitaker: The real danger lurking in the water

60,194 views ・ 2010-01-07

TED


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Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG
00:15
I want you to put off your preconceptions,
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Htio bih da odbacite sve predrasude,
00:18
your preconceived fears and thoughts about reptiles.
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usađene strahove i stavove o reptilima
00:23
Because that is the only way I'm going to get my story across to you.
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jer vam jedino na taj način mogu prenijeti svoju priču.
00:26
And by the way, if I come across as a sort of
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Usput, ako vam budem odavao dojam
00:29
rabid, hippie conservationist,
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zadrtog, hippie zaštitnika životinja,
00:31
it's purely a figment of your imagination.
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to je samo vaša mašta.
00:34
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:39
Okay. We are actually the first species on Earth
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Dobro. Mi smo zapravo prva vrsta na Zemlji
00:42
to be so prolific to actually threaten our own survival.
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koja je toliko produktivna da zapravo ugrožava svoj vlastiti opstanak.
00:47
And I know we've all seen images enough to make us numb,
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Znam da smo svi vidjeli hrpu slika koje su nas otupjele,
00:50
of the tragedies that we're perpetrating on the planet.
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slike tragedija koje smo skrivili ovoj planeti.
00:55
We're kind of like greedy kids, using it all up, aren't we?
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Ponašamo se kao pohlepna djeca, iskorištavamo sve što možemo, zar ne?
00:57
And today is a time for me to talk to you about water.
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Danas je došao trenutak da vam pričam o vodi.
01:03
It's not only because we like to drink lots of it,
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Ne samo zato što volimo puno piti vodu
01:06
and its marvelous derivatives, beer, wine, etc.
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i njene predivne derivate, pivo, vino itd.,
01:11
And, of course, watch it fall from the sky
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gledati ju kako pada s neba
01:13
and flow in our wonderful rivers,
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i teče u našim prekrasnim rijekama,
01:16
but for several other reasons as well.
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nego i zbog nekoliko drugih razloga.
01:18
When I was a kid, growing up in New York,
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Kad sam bio dijete, odrastajući u New Yorku,
01:20
I was smitten by snakes, the same way most kids are
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zmije su me oduševile na isti način kao što većinu klinaca
01:22
smitten by tops, marbles, cars, trains, cricket balls.
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privuku zvrkovi, špekule, auti, vlakovi, loptice.
01:27
And my mother, brave lady,
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I moja je majka, hrabra žena,
01:29
was partly to blame,
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dijelom zaslužna za to,
01:31
taking me to the New York Natural History Museum,
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jer me vodila u Prirodoslovni muzej u New Yorku,
01:33
buying me books on snakes,
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kupovala mi knjige o zmijama
01:35
and then starting this infamous career of mine,
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sve dok nisam počeo ovu svoju ozloglašenu karijeru,
01:39
which has culminated in
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koja je kulminirala,
01:41
of course, arriving in India 60 years ago,
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naravno, dolaskom u Indiju prije 60 godina,
01:45
brought by my mother, Doris Norden,
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gdje me dovela moja majka, Doris Norden,
01:47
and my stepfather, Rama Chattopadhyaya.
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i moj očuh, Rama Chattopadhyaya.
01:49
It's been a roller coaster ride.
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Bilo je burno.
01:53
Two animals, two iconic reptiles
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Dvije životinje, dva božanstvena reptila
01:55
really captivated me very early on.
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očarala su me vrlo brzo.
01:58
One of them was the remarkable gharial.
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Jedan od njih bio je nevjerojatni gavijal.
02:01
This crocodile, which grows to almost 20 feet long
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Ovaj krokodil, koji može narasti do gotovo šest metara dužine
02:03
in the northern rivers,
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u sjevernim rijekama,
02:05
and this charismatic snake, the king cobra.
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i ova karizmatična zmija, kraljevska kobra.
02:10
What my purpose of the talk today really is,
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Svrha ovog mog današnjeg govora je
02:12
is to sort of indelibly scar your minds
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da na neki način ostavim trag u vašim glavama
02:15
with these charismatic and majestic creatures.
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o ovim karizmatičnim i maestralnim stvorenjima.
02:18
Because this is what you will take away from here,
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To je ono što se nadam da ćete ponijeti odavde,
02:21
a reconnection with nature, I hope.
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ponovno uspostavljenu vezu s prirodom.
02:26
The king cobra is quite remarkable for several reasons.
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Kraljevska kobra je veličanstvena iz nekoliko razloga.
02:29
What you're seeing here is very recently shot images
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Ovo što vidite su nedavno snimljene slike
02:32
in a forest nearby here,
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iz obližnje šume,
02:34
of a female king cobra making her nest.
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ženke kraljevske kobre kako pravi gnijezdo.
02:36
Here is a limbless animal, capable of gathering a huge mound of leaves,
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Vidimo životinju bez udova sposobnu prikupiti ogromnu hrpu lišća
02:40
and then laying her eggs inside,
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i onda snijeti svoja jaja unutra,
02:42
to withstand 5 to 10 [meters of rainfall],
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podnijeti 5 do 10 metara oborina,
02:46
in order that the eggs can incubate over the next 90 days,
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kako bi jaja prošla inkubaciju kroz sljedećih 90 dana
02:49
and hatch into little baby king cobras.
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i kako bi se izlegle male kraljevske kobre.
02:51
So, she protects her eggs,
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Dakle, ona štiti svoja jaja
02:53
and after three months,
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i nakon tri mjeseca
02:56
the babies finally do hatch out.
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se bebe napokon izlegu.
02:58
A majority of them will die, of course. There is very high mortality
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Većina će ih naravno umrijeti. Smrtnost kod mladih reptila
03:01
in little baby reptiles who are just 10 to 12 inches long.
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koji su samo 25 do 30 cm dugi jako je velika.
03:06
My first experience with king cobras was in '72
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Moje prvo iskustvo s kraljevskim kobrama bilo je ´72. godine,
03:08
at a magical place called Agumbe,
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u magičnom mjestu nazvanom Agumbe,
03:11
in Karnataka, this state.
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u Karnataci, ovoj državi.
03:14
And it is a marvelous rain forest.
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I to je prekrasna prašuma.
03:17
This first encounter
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Prvi susret
03:19
was kind of like the
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je bio nešto kao
03:21
Maasai boy who kills the lion to become a warrior.
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kad mladi Masai ubije lava da bi postao ratnik.
03:25
It really changed my life totally.
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To je potpuno promijenilo moj život.
03:27
And it brought me straight into the conservation fray.
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I odvelo me ravno u bavljenje zaštitom životinja.
03:30
I ended up starting this research
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Na kraju sam pokrenuo ovo istraživanje
03:32
and education station in Agumbe,
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i edukacijsku postaju u Agumbeu,
03:34
which you are all of course invited to visit.
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koju ste svi pozvani posjetiti.
03:37
This is basically a base wherein
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U osnovi, to je baza u kojoj
03:39
we are trying to gather and learn
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pokušavamo skupiti i naučiti
03:41
virtually everything about the biodiversity
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sve o biološkoj raznolikosti
03:43
of this incredibly complex forest system,
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ovog nevjerojatno kompleksnog šumskog sistema,
03:46
and try to hang on to what's there,
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pokušavamo očuvati ono što imamo
03:48
make sure the water sources are protected and kept clean,
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i osigurati da su izvori vode zaštićeni i čisti,
03:51
and of course, having a good time too.
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i naravno, zabavljamo se također.
03:54
You can almost hear the drums
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Skoro da možete i sad čuti udaranje bubnjeva
03:56
throbbing back in that little cottage where we stay when we're there.
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u maloj kolibici gdje budemo kad smo tamo.
04:01
It was very important for us to get through to the people.
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Za nas je jako važno da dopremo do ljudi.
04:05
And through the children is usually the way to go.
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Najlakše je preko djece.
04:08
They are fascinated with snakes. They haven't got
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Oni su fascinirani zmijama. Oni nemaju
04:10
that steely thing that you end up
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onu kočnicu zbog koje ih se na kraju
04:13
either fearing or hating or despising or loathing them in some way.
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ljudi boje ili ih mrze i preziru na neki način.
04:17
They are interested.
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Djeca su zainteresirana.
04:19
And it really works to start with them.
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I stvarno upali ako krenete od njih.
04:21
This gives you an idea of the size of some of these snakes.
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Ovo vam pomaže da si zamislite veličinu nekih od tih zmija.
04:23
This is an average size king cobra, about 12 feet long.
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Ovo je kraljevska kobra prosječne veličine, oko 3,5 m dužine,
04:26
And it actually crawled into somebody's bathroom,
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koja se uvukla u nečiju kupaonicu
04:28
and was hanging around there for two or three days.
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i tamo ostala dva, tri dana.
04:30
The people of this part of India
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Ljudi iz toga dijela Indije
04:32
worship the king cobra.
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štuju kraljevsku kobru
04:34
And they didn't kill it. They called us to catch it.
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pa je nisu ubili. Zvali su nas da je uhvatimo.
04:36
Now we've caught more than 100 king cobras
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Mi smo ulovili više od sto kraljevskih kobri
04:38
over the last three years,
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u zadnje tri godine
04:40
and relocated them in nearby forests.
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i premjestili ih u obližnje šume.
04:43
But in order to find out the real secrets of these creatures
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Ali da bismo saznali sve o tim stvorenjima
04:46
[it was necessary] for us to actually insert
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bilo je potrebno da u njih umetnemo
04:49
a small radio transmitter inside [each] snake.
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male radio odašiljače.
04:52
Now we are able to follow them and find out their secrets,
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Sada ih možemo pratiti i otkriti njihove tajne,
04:56
where the babies go after they hatch,
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kamo mladi idu nakon što se izlegnu
04:59
and remarkable things like this you're about to see.
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i nevjerojatne stvari koje ćete sada vidjeti.
05:03
This was just a few days ago in Agumbe.
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Ovo je bilo prije samo nekoliko dana u Agumbeu.
05:05
I had the pleasure of being close to this large king cobra
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Imao sam zadovoljstvo da budem blizu ovoj velikoj kraljevskoj kobri
05:10
who had caught a venomous pit viper.
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koja je ulovila otrovnu jamičarku.
05:12
And it does it in such a way that it doesn't get bitten itself.
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To je napravila tako da nju samu jamičarka nije ugrizla.
05:15
And king cobras feed only on snakes.
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Kraljevske kobre se hrane samo zmijama.
05:19
This [little snake] was kind of a tid-bit for it,
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Ova mala zmija bila je prava poslastica za nju,
05:21
what we'd call a "vadai" or a donut or something like that.
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ono što bismo mi nazvali „vadai“ ili krafna ili tako nešto.
05:23
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:26
Usually they eat something a bit larger.
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Obično jedu nešto malo veće.
05:28
In this case a rather strange and inexplicable
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Dogodila se jedna čudna i neobjašnjiva aktivnost
05:32
activity happened over the last breeding season,
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tijekom zadnje sezone parenja,
05:35
wherein a large male king cobra actually grabbed a female king cobra,
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kad je veliki mužjak kraljevske kobre zgrabio ženku kraljevske kobre,
05:39
didn't mate with it, actually killed it and swallowed it.
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nije se pario s njom, nego ju je ubio i progutao.
05:42
We're still trying to explain and come to terms with
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Još uvijek to pokušavamo objasniti i shvatiti
05:44
what is the evolutionary advantage of this.
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koje bi mogle biti evolucijske prednosti toga.
05:49
But they do also a lot of other remarkable things.
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Ali oni isto tako rade i druge nevjerojatne stvari.
05:52
This is again, something [we were able to see] by virtue of the fact
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Ovo je opet nešto što smo mogli vidjeti samo zbog činjenice
05:54
that we had a radio transmitter in one of the snakes.
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da smo stavili odašiljač u jednu od zmija;
05:57
This male snake, 12 feet long, met another male king cobra.
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ovaj mužjak, dugačak 3,5m, sreo je drugog mužjaka kraljevske kobre.
06:00
And they did this incredible ritual combat dance.
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Otplesali su jedan nevjerojatni ritualno-borbeni ples.
06:04
It's very much like the rutting of mammals, including humans,
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Vrlo je sličan tjeranju kod sisavaca, uključujući i čovjeka;
06:06
you know, sorting out our differences, but gentler, no biting allowed.
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znate, obračunavanje, ali nježnije, ugrizi nisu dozvoljeni.
06:10
It's just a wresting match,
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To je samo hrvanje,
06:12
but a remarkable activity.
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ali svejedno nevjerojatna aktivnost.
06:14
Now, what are we doing with all this information?
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E sad, što mi radimo sa svim tim informacijama?
06:16
What's the point of all this?
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Koja je svrha svega toga?
06:18
Well, the king cobra is literally
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Dakle, kraljevska kobra je doslovno
06:20
a keystone species in these rainforests.
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ključna vrsta u tim prašumama.
06:23
And our job is to convince the authorities
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Naš je posao da uvjerimo vlast
06:27
that these forests have to be protected.
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da te šume moraju biti zaštićene.
06:29
And this is one of the ways we do it,
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Jedan od načina da to učinimo
06:31
by learning as much as we can
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je da naučimo sve što možemo
06:33
about something so remarkable and so iconic in the rainforests there,
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o nečemu tako izvanrednom i tako božanstvenom u prašumi,
06:37
in order to help protect trees, animals
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kako bismo pomogli zaštititi drveće, životinje
06:40
and of course the water sources.
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i, naravno, vodu.
06:42
You've all heard, perhaps, of Project Tiger
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Možda ste svi čuli za Projekt tigar
06:44
which started back in the early '70s,
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koji je pokrenut u ranim ´70-ima,
06:47
which was, in fact, a very dynamic time for conservation.
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koje su zapravo bile vrlo dinamično doba za zaštitu prirode.
06:51
We were piloted, I could say,
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Vodila nas je, mogao bih reći,
06:54
by a highly autocratic stateswoman,
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vrlo diktatorski nastrojena političarka,
06:56
but who also had an incredible passion for environment.
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ali s velikom strašću za okoliš.
07:00
And this is the time when Project Tiger emerged.
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U to je vrijeme Projekt tigar nastao.
07:03
And, just like Project Tiger,
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Isto kao u tom Projektu,
07:06
our activities with the king cobra
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naša djelatnost danas s kobrama
07:08
is to look at a species of animal
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je da se usredotočimo na jednu vrstu
07:10
so that we protect its habitat and everything within it.
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kako bismo zaštitili njeno stanište i sve u njemu.
07:13
So, the tiger is the icon.
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Dakle, tigar je ikona.
07:15
And now the king cobra is a new one.
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A sada je i kraljevska kobra nova ikona.
07:19
All the major rivers in south India
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Sve velike rijeke u južnoj Indiji
07:21
are sourced in the Western Ghats,
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izviru u Zapadnim Gatima,
07:23
the chain of hills running along the west coast of India.
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lancu brežuljaka koji se prostire duž zapadne indijske obale.
07:27
It pours out millions of gallons every hour,
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Milijuni litara protječu svakog sata
07:30
and supplies drinking water to at least 300 million people,
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i opskrbljuju pitkom vodom najmanje 300 milijuna ljudi,
07:34
and washes many, many babies,
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peru se mnoga djeca,
07:37
and of course feeds many, many animals,
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hrane mnoge životinje,
07:40
both domestic and wild,
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domaće i divlje,
07:42
produces thousands of tons of rice.
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proizvode se tisuće tona riže.
07:44
And what do we do? How do we respond to this?
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A što mi radimo? Kako mi odgovaramo na to?
07:46
Well, basically, we dam it, we pollute it,
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Pa, zapravo postavljamo brane, zagađujemo ju,
07:48
we pour in pesticides, weedicides, fungicides.
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usipavamo razne vrste pesticida, herbicida, fungicida.
07:51
You drink it in peril of your life.
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Pijemo vodu koja ugrožava naš život.
07:54
And the thing is, it's not just big industry.
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Stvar je u tome što to ne radi samo krupna industrija.
07:57
It's not misguided river engineers
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Ne rade to samo zabludjeli riječni inžinjeri
07:59
who are doing all this; it's us.
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-- to radimo i mi.
08:01
It seems that our citizens find the best way to dispose of garbage
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Čini se da je bacanje smeća u vodu našim građanima
08:05
are in water sources.
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najbolji način da ga se riješe.
08:07
Okay. Now we're going north, very far north.
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Dobro. Idemo sada na sjever, daleko na sjever.
08:10
North central India, the Chambal River
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Sjever središnje Indije -- na rijeci Chambal
08:12
is where we have our base.
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imamo svoje sjedište.
08:14
This is the home of the gharial, this incredible crocodile.
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Ovo je i dom gavijala, nevjerojatnog krokodila.
08:18
It is an animal which has been on the Earth
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To je životinja koja je na Zemlji
08:21
for just about 100 million years.
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već nekih 100 milijuna godina.
08:24
It survived even during the time that the dinosaurs died off.
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Preživjela je čak i izumiranje dinosaura.
08:28
It has remarkable features.
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Ima izvanredne osobine.
08:30
Even though it grows to 20 feet long,
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Iako naraste i do 6 metara,
08:32
since it eats only fish it's not dangerous to human beings.
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jede samo ribu pa nije opasan za ljude.
08:35
It does have big teeth, however,
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Međutim, ima velike zube
08:37
and it's kind of hard to convince people
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i teško je uvjeriti ljude
08:39
if an animal has big teeth, that it's a harmless creature.
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da je životinja s velikim zubima bezopasno stvorenje.
08:42
But we, actually, back in the early '70s,
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U ranim smo 70-ima
08:46
did surveys,
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napravili istraživanja
08:48
and found that gharial were extremely rare.
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i saznali kako je gavijal jako rijedak.
08:52
In fact, if you see the map,
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Zapravo, ako biste pogledali kartu,
08:54
the range of their original habitat
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vidjeli biste da mu se prvotno stanište
08:56
was all the way from the Indus in Pakistan
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prostiralo od Indusa u Pakistanu
08:59
to the Irrawaddy in Burma.
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do Irrawaddyja u Burmi.
09:01
And now it's just limited to a couple of spots
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Sada je ograničeno na nekoliko mjesta
09:03
in Nepal and India.
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u Nepalu i Indiji.
09:05
So, in fact at this point
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Tako da danas
09:08
there are only 200 breeding gharial left in the wild.
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postoje samo 200 gavijala u divljini sposobnih za reprodukciju.
09:12
So, starting in the mid-'70s
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Dakle, sredinom 70-ih,
09:14
when conservation was at the fore,
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kada je zaštita životinja bila stvar primarne važnosti,
09:17
we were actually able to start projects which were
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bili smo u mogućnosti započeti projekte u kojima
09:20
basically government supported
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nas je vlada podupirala,
09:22
to collect eggs from the wild from the few remaining nests
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a sastojali su se u skupljanju jaja iz rijetkih preostalih divljih gnijezda
09:25
and release 5,000 baby gharial
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i puštanju 5.000 mladih gavijala
09:27
back to the wild.
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u divljinu.
09:29
And pretty soon we were seeing sights like this.
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Uskoro smo viđali ovakve prizore.
09:32
I mean, just incredible to see bunches of gharial
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Mislim, jednostavno je prekrasno vidjeti hrpe gavijala
09:35
basking on the river again.
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kako ponovno uživaju u rijeci.
09:37
But complacency does have a tendency to breed contempt.
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Ali samozadovoljstvo zna uzrokovati prezir.
09:41
And, sure enough, with all the other pressures on the river,
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I sigurno je da sve što se događa na rijeci,
09:44
like sand mining, for example,
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kao na primjer iskopavanje pijeska,
09:47
very, very heavy cultivation all the way down to the river's edge,
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žestoka poljoprivreda cijelom dužinom rijeke,
09:51
not allowing the animals to breed anymore,
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ne dopušta životinjama rasplod
09:53
we're looking at
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pa se suočavamo sa
09:56
even more problems building up for the gharial,
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sve većim problemima za gavijala,
09:59
despite the early good intentions.
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usprkos svim ranijim dobrim namjerama.
10:01
Their nests hatching along the riverside
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Njihova gnijezda uzduž rijeke
10:05
producing hundreds of hatchlings. It's just an amazing sight.
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koja proizvode stotine mladih. To je jednostavno predivan prizor.
10:08
This was actually just taken last year.
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Ovo je slikano prošle godine.
10:10
But then the monsoon arrives,
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Ali onda stigne sezona monsuna,
10:14
and unfortunately downriver there is always a dam or
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a na nesreću, niz rijeku je uvijek brana
10:16
there is always a barrage,
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ili nasip
10:18
and, shoop, they get washed down to their doom.
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i shoop, budu povučeni vodom prema svojoj propasti.
10:22
Luckily there is still a lot of interest.
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Srećom, još uvijek postoji zanimanje.
10:24
My pals in the Crocodile Specialist Group of the IUCN,
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Moji prijatelji u Crocodile Specialist Group iz IUCN-a,
10:27
the [Madras Crocodile Bank], an NGO,
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Madras Crocodile Bank, nevladina organizacija,
10:29
the World Wildlife Fund,
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World Wildlife Fund,
10:31
the Wildlife Institute of India, State Forest Departments,
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Wildlife Institute of India, State Forest Department
10:34
and the Ministry of Environment, we all work together on stuff.
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i Ministarstvo okoliša -- mi svi radimo zajedno na projektima.
10:37
But it's possibly, and definitely not enough.
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Ali vrlo je moguće, zapravo definitivno je da to nije dovoljno.
10:41
For example, in the winter of 2007 and 2008,
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Na primjer, zime 2007. i 2008. godine,
10:46
there was this incredible die-off of gharial, in the Chambal River.
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pojavilo se nevjerojatno odumiranje gavijala u rijeci Chambal.
10:50
Suddenly dozens of gharial appearing on the river, dead.
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Puno gavijala se odjedanput počelo pojavljivati mrtvo u rijeci.
10:52
Why? How could it happen?
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Zašto? Kako se to dogodilo?
10:54
This is a relatively clean river.
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To je relativno čista rijeka.
10:56
The Chambal, if you look at it, has clear water.
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Chambal, ako ju pogledate, ima bistru vodu.
10:59
People scoop water out of the Chambal and drink it,
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Ljudi uzimaju vodu iz nje i piju je,
11:01
something you wouldn't do in most north Indian rivers.
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nešto što se ne radi u većini drugih rijeka na sjeveru Indije.
11:04
So, in order to try to find out the answer to this,
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Da bismo otkrili koji je odgovor na ta pitanja,
11:07
we got veterinarians from all over the world
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zaposlili smo veterinare iz cijelog svijeta
11:09
working with Indian vets to try to figure out what was happening.
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da u suradnji s lokalnim veterinarima otkriju što se dogodilo.
11:12
I was there for a lot of the necropsies on the riverside.
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Bio sam prisutan na mnogo nekropsija na rijeci.
11:16
And we actually looked through
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Stvarno smo pregledali
11:18
all their organs and tried to figure out what was going on.
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sve organe i pokušali otkriti što se zbiva.
11:21
And it came down to something called gout,
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Na kraju se radilo o nečemu što se naziva giht
11:24
which, as a result of kidney breakdown
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-- nakon što bubrezi prestanu raditi,
11:27
is actually uric acid crystals throughout the body,
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kristali mokraćne kiseline šire se po tijelu,
11:30
and worse in the joints,
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a što je najgore i po zglobovima
11:33
which made the gharial unable to swim.
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što je onemogućilo gavijalima da plivaju.
11:36
And it's a horribly painful death.
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A to je užasno bolna smrt.
11:38
Just downriver from the Chambal is the
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Samo malo nizvodno od Chambala
11:40
filthy Yamuna river, the sacred Yamuna river.
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nalazi se prljava rijeka Yamuna, sveta rijeka Yamuna.
11:43
And I hate to be so ironic and sarcastic about it
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Žao mi je što moram biti tako ironičan i sarkastičan oko toga,
11:47
but it's the truth. It's just one of the filthiest cesspools you can imagine.
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ali to je istina. To je jedna od najprljavijih septičkih jama što možete zamisliti.
11:50
It flows down through Delhi, Mathura, Agra,
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Teče kroz Delhi, Mathuru, Agru
11:54
and gets just about every bit of effluent you can imagine.
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i dobiva sav otpad koji možete zamisliti.
11:57
So, it seemed that the toxin that was killing the gharial
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Dakle, ispalo je da je toksin koji je ubijao gavijala
12:01
was something in the food chain,
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dolazio iz hranidbenog lanca,
12:03
something in the fish they were eating.
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iz ribe koju su jeli.
12:05
And, you know, once a toxin is in the food chain
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Znate, jednom kad je toksin u hranidbenom lancu,
12:07
everything is affected, including us.
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utječe na sve pa i na nas.
12:10
Because these rivers are the lifeblood of people all along their course.
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Ove rijeke su vrlo važne za ljude cijelim svojim tokom.
12:14
In order to try to answer some of these questions,
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Da bismo odgovorili na sva ta pitanja,
12:16
we again turn to technology,
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opet smo se okrenuli tehnologiji
12:18
to biological technology, in this case,
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biološkoj tehnologiji, u ovom slučaju
12:21
again, telemetry, putting radios on 10 gharial,
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opet telemetriji -- stavili smo radio na 10 gavijala
12:25
and actually following their movements. They're being watched
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i pratili njihova kretanja. Još ih uvijek svaki dan pratimo
12:27
everyday as we speak, to try to find out
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da bismo otkrili
12:29
what this mysterious toxin is.
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što je taj misteriozni toksin.
12:32
The Chambal river is an absolutely incredible place.
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Rijeka Chambal je apsolutno nevjerojatno mjesto.
12:36
It's a place that's famous to a lot of you who know
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Poznato je mnogima koji znaju
12:39
about the bandits, the dacoits
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za bandite, dakoite
12:42
who used to work up there. And there still are quite a few around.
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koji su tamo obitavali. Ima ih još uvijek.
12:45
But Poolan Devi was one [of them]. Which actually Shekhar Kapur
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Poolan Devi bio je jedan od njih. Shekhar Kapur
12:48
made an incredible movie, "The Bandit Queen," which I urge you to see.
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je napravio izvanredan film, Bandit Queen, koji morate pogledati.
12:51
You'll get to see the incredible [Chambal] landscape as well.
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U njemu možete isto tako vidjeti i divan chambalski krajolik.
12:54
But, again, heavy fishing pressures.
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No, imamo i velike izlove ribe.
12:58
This is one of the last repositories of the
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Ovo je jedno od zadnjih staništa
13:01
Ganges river dolphin,
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gangeškog riječkog dupina,
13:03
various species of turtles,
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različitih vrsta kornjača,
13:05
thousands of migratory birds,
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tisuća migrirajućih ptica,
13:07
and fishing is causing problems like this.
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a ribolov izaziva probleme kao ove.
13:10
And now [these] new elements of human intolerance
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Ti novi elementi ljudske intolerancije
13:15
for river creatures like the gharial
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za riječna stvorenja kao što je gavijal
13:18
means that if they don't drown in the net,
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znače da će im, ako se prije toga ne utope u ribolovnoj mreži,
13:21
then they simply cut their beaks off.
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jednostavno odrezati kljunove.
13:23
Animals like the Ganges river dolphin
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Životinjama kao što je gangeški riječki dupin,
13:25
which is just down to a few left,
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kojeg ima samo nekolicina
13:27
and it is also critically endangered.
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i koji je kritično ugrožen.
13:29
So, who is next? Us?
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Dakle, tko je sljedeći? Mi?
13:31
Because we are all dependent on these water sources.
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Jer svi smo mi ovisni o vodi.
13:34
So, we all know about the Narmada river,
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Svi znamo za rijeku Narmada,
13:36
the tragedies of dams, the tragedies of huge projects
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tragediju o branama, tragediju velikih projekata
13:39
which displace people and wreck river systems
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koji premještaju ljude i uništavaju riječne sisteme
13:42
without providing livelihoods.
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bez da pružaju osiguranu egzistenciju.
13:44
And development just basically going berserk,
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Razvoj je poludio
13:47
for a double figure growth index, basically.
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i to sve zbog indeksa rasta od dvije brojke.
13:50
So, we're not sure where this story is going to end,
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Stoga, nismo sigurni gdje će se ova priča završiti
13:55
whether it's got a happy or sad ending.
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i hoće li imati sretan ili tužan završetak.
13:57
And climate change is certainly going
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A klimatske promjene će svakako
13:59
to turn all of our theories and predictions on their heads.
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prodrmati sve naše teorije i predviđanja.
14:02
We're still working hard at it.
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Još uvijek marljivo radimo na njima.
14:04
We've got a lot of a good team of people working up there.
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Imamo vrlo dobru ekipu ljudi koja radi na tome.
14:07
And the thing is, you know, the decision makers,
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Stvar je u tome, znate, da donositelji odluka,
14:10
the folks in power,
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ljudi koji imaju moć,
14:12
they're up in their bungalows and so on in Delhi,
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sjede u svojim uredima u Delhiju,
14:14
in the city capitals. They are all supplied with plenty of water. It's cool.
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u glavnim gradovima. I svi imaju puno vode na raspolaganju. To je super.
14:17
But out on the rivers there are still millions of people
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Ali vani, uz rijeke su još uvijek milijuni ljudi
14:20
who are in really bad shape.
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koji su u stvarno lošem stanju.
14:23
And it's a bleak future for them.
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Njih čeka tužna budućnost.
14:25
So, we have our Ganges and Yamuna cleanup project.
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Dakle, pokrenuli smo projekte za čišćenje rijeka Ganges i Yamuna.
14:28
We've spent hundreds of millions of dollars on it,
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Potrošili smo stotine milijuna dolara na njih
14:30
and nothing to show for it. Incredible.
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i nemamo ništa kao rezultat. Nevjerojatno.
14:33
So, people talk about political will.
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Ljudi pričaju o političkoj volji.
14:36
During the die-off of the gharial we did galvanize a lot of action.
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Tijekom odumiranja gavijala uspijeli smo pokrenuti razne akcije.
14:39
Government cut through all the red tape,
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Vlada je zaobišla birokraciju,
14:41
we got foreign vets on it. It was great.
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doveli smo strane veterinare da rade na tome. Bilo je super.
14:43
So, we can do it.
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Znači, možemo to.
14:45
But if you stroll down to the Yamuna
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Ali ako se prošetate do Yamune,
14:47
or to the Gomati in Lucknow,
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ili Gomatija u Lucknowu,
14:49
or to the Adyar river in Chennai,
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ili rijeke Adyar u Chennaiju,
14:52
or the Mula-Mutha river in Pune,
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ili rijeke Mula-muta u Puneu,
14:55
just see what we're capable of doing to a river. It's sad.
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vidjet ćete što smo sposobni učiniti rijekama. To je tužno.
14:59
But I think the final note really is
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No, mislim da bi zadnja napomena trebala ipak biti
15:02
that we can do it.
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da mi to možemo.
15:05
The corporates, the artists, the wildlife nuts,
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Birokrati, umjetnici, zaljubljenici u prirodu,
15:08
the good old everyday folks
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dobri stari obični ljudi
15:10
can actually bring these rivers back.
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zapravo mogu pomoći rijekama.
15:13
And the final word is
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I na kraju,
15:15
that there is a king cobra looking over our shoulders.
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kraljevska kobra nas gleda.
15:19
And there is a gharial looking at us from the river.
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I gavijal nas promatra iz rijeke.
15:22
And these are powerful water totems.
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To su moćni vodeni totemi.
15:24
And they are going to disturb our dreams until we do the right thing.
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I oni će nam uznemiravati snove sve dok ne učinimo pravu stvar.
15:28
Namaste.
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Namaskar.
15:30
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
15:36
Chris Anderson: Thanks, Rom. Thanks a lot.
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Chris Anderson: Hvala, Rom. Puno hvala.
15:39
You know, most people are terrified of snakes.
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Znaš, većina ljudi se užasava zmija.
15:42
And there might be quite a few people here who would be
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I možda ima dosta ljudi ovdje koji bi bili
15:44
very glad to see the last king cobra bite the dust.
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jako sretni da vide zadnju kraljevsku kobru kako nestaje s lica Zemlje.
15:47
Do you have those conversations with people?
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Vodiš li takve razgovore s ljudima?
15:50
How do you really get them to care?
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Kako ih nagovoriš da promijene mišljenje?
15:52
Romulus Whitaker: I take the sort of humble approach,
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Romulus Whitaker: Mogao bih reći da im skromno pristupam.
15:57
I guess you could say. I don't say that snakes are huggable exactly.
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Ne govorim da su zmije zapravo slatke i mazne.
16:01
It's not like the teddy bear.
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Nisu one kao plišani medvjedići.
16:04
But I sort of -- there is an innocence in these animals.
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Ali ja -- postoji nekakva nevinost kod tih životinja.
16:08
And when the average person looks at a cobra
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Kada prosječna osoba pogleda kobru
16:10
going "Ssssss!" like that, they say, "My god,
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kako ide: “Ssssss!“, kaže: “Bože,
16:12
look at that angry, dangerous creature."
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pogledaj to ljuto opasno stvorenje!“
16:14
I look at it as a creature who is totally frightened
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Ja ju gledam kao stvorenje koje je užasnuto
16:17
of something so dangerous as a human being.
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zbog nečega tako opasnog kao što je ljudsko biće.
16:20
And that is the truth. And that's what I try to get out.
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I to je istina. I to je ono što im pokušavam dočarati.
16:23
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
16:27
CA: Now, incredible footage you showed of the viper being killed.
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CA: Evo, nevjerojatna snimka koja pokazuje smrt otrovnice.
16:29
You were saying that that hasn't been filmed before.
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Rekao si da to nije nikad dosad bilo snimljeno.
16:32
RW: Yes, this is actually the first time anyone of us knew about it, for one thing.
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RM: Da, ovo je zapravo prvi put da je itko od nas to vidio.
16:35
As I said, it's just like a little snack for him, you know?
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Kao što sam već rekao, to je kao mali zalogajčić za njega, znate?
16:38
Usually they eat larger snakes like rat snakes,
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Obično jedu veće zmije, kao guje
16:40
or even cobras.
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ili čak i kobre.
16:42
But this guy who we're following right now is in the deep jungle.
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Ali ovaj mužjak kojeg pratimo je sada duboko u džungli.
16:45
Whereas other king cobras
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Druge kraljevske kobre
16:47
very often come into the human interface,
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često dođu na ljudska područja,
16:49
you know, the plantations, to find big rat snakes and stuff.
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znate, plantaže, da nađu veće zmije.
16:52
This guy specializes in pit vipers.
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Ovaj se mužjak specijalizirao za jamičarke.
16:55
And the guy who is working there with them,
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Tip koji tamo radi s njima,
16:57
he's from Maharashtra, he said, "I think he's after the nusha."
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on je iz Maharashtre, rekao je: „ Mislim da on to radi samo zbog nushe.“
17:00
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
17:02
Now, the nusha means the high.
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E sad, nusha znači adrenalin.
17:04
Whenever he eats the pit viper he gets this little venom rush.
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Kad god krene jesti jamičarku, digne mu se adrenalin.
17:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
17:09
CA: Thanks Rom. Thank you.
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CA: Hvala, Rom. Hvala ti.
17:11
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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