A walk through the stages of sleep | Sleeping with Science, a TED series

704,188 views ใƒป 2020-09-02

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Sleep is perhaps the single most effective thing
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: T Lahwej ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Nawfal Aljabali
ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
00:02
that we can do each and every day
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…
00:05
to reset the health of our brain and our body.
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ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ู„ุฏู…ุงุบู†ุง ูˆุฃุฌุณุงู…ู†ุง.
00:08
And by understanding a little bit more about what sleep is,
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ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูู‡ู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆู…ุŒ
00:12
perhaps we can get the chance to improve both the quantity and the quality
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ูƒู„ ู…ู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูˆู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ
00:17
of our sleep.
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ู†ูˆู…ู†ุง.
00:18
[Sleeping with Science]
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[ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู…]
00:20
(Music)
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(ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ู„ุทูŠูุฉ)
00:23
So, exactly what is sleep?
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŸ
00:26
Well, sleep, at least in human beings,
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… -ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ-
00:28
is subdivided into two main types.
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ูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู†.
00:31
On the one hand, we have non-rapid eye movement sleep,
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ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ
00:35
or non-REM sleep for short.
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ุฃูˆ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ุงุฑูู‘ูŠู…ูŠ.
00:37
But on the other hand,
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
00:38
we have rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑูู‘ูŠู…ูŠ.
00:42
And non-REM sleep has been further subdivided
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ูˆูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู†ูˆู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุฃุฎุฑู‰
00:45
into four separate stages,
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ู„ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ู†ูุตู„ุฉุŒ
00:47
unimaginatively called stages one through four,
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ุชูุณู…ู‘ู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุฎูŠุงู„ูŠ: ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ
00:51
increasing in their depth of sleep.
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ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู‚ ุงู„ู†ูˆู….
00:54
And as we go into those light stages of non-REM sleep,
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ูˆูƒู„ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ุฎููŠูุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูˆู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ
00:58
your heart rate starts to decrease,
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ูุฅู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถุŒ
01:01
your body temperature starts to drop
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ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถุŒ
01:03
and your electrical brain wave activity starts to slow down.
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ูˆู†ุดุงุท ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชุจุงุทุค.
01:07
But as we move into deeper non-rapid eye movement sleep,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ู…ุง ุชุญุฑูƒู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุนู…ู‚ ููŠ ู†ูˆู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุŒ
01:11
stages three and four,
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุชุงู† ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉุŒ
01:13
now all of a sudden the brain erupts
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูŠุซูˆุฑ ูุฌุฃุฉ
01:16
with these huge, big, powerful brain waves.
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ู…ุน ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ.
01:20
The body is actually recharged in terms of its immune system.
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ูŠุชู… ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุดุญู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ.
01:25
We also get this beautiful overhaul of our cardiovascular system.
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ูƒู…ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ ู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง.
01:30
And, in fact, upstairs in the brain,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบุŒ
01:32
deep non-REM sleep will help consolidate memories
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ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ุงุฑูŠู…ูŠ ุณูˆู ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูˆุทูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุช
01:36
and fixate them into the neural architecture of the brain.
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ูˆูŠุซุจู‘ุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฏู…ุงุบ.
01:39
So that's non-REM sleep.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ุงุฑูŠู…ูŠ.
01:42
But let's come on to REM sleep,
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ู„ูƒู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑูŠู…ูŠุŒ
01:44
which is the other main type of sleep.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู….
01:46
And it's during REM sleep when we principally have the most vivid,
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ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑูŠู…ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุฃุญู„ุงู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉุŒ
01:51
the most hallucinogenic types of dreams.
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ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู‡ู„ูˆุณุฉ.
01:54
The brain wave activity actually starts to speed up again.
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ู†ุดุงุท ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชุณุงุฑุน ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
01:58
It's during REM sleep that we receive almost a form of emotional first aid.
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ูˆู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ ู†ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุดูƒู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณุนุงูุงุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุทููŠุฉ.
02:04
And it's also during REM sleep where we get a boost for creativity,
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ูˆุฃุซู†ุงุกู‡ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนุŒ
02:09
that it stitches information together
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุนุงู‹
02:12
so that we wake up with solutions
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ุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชูŠู‚ุธ ุจุญู„ูˆู„
02:14
to previously difficult problems that we were facing.
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ู„ู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุง ู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง.
02:18
Coming back to these two types of sleep,
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ุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู…ุŒ
02:20
it turns out that non-REM and REM will play out
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ุงุชุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ุงุฑูŠู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑูŠู…ูŠ ุณูŠู„ุนุจุงู†
02:24
in a battle for brain domination throughout the night,
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ููŠ ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ
02:28
and that cerebral war is going to be won and lost
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ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ุณูˆู ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจููˆุฒ ูˆุฎุณุงุฑุฉ
02:33
every 90 minutes,
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ูƒู„ 90 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
02:34
and then it's going to be replayed every 90 minutes.
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ูˆุณูŠุชู… ุฅุนุงุฏุชู‡ุง ูƒู„ 90 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
02:38
And what this produces is a standard cycling architecture of human sleep,
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ูˆูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ
02:44
a standard 90-minute cycle.
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ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ุฏุชู‡ุง 90 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
02:46
But what's different, however,
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุŒ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
02:48
is that the ratio of non-REM to REM within those 90-minute cycles
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ุงุฑูŠู…ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑูŠู…ูŠ ุถู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ู€90 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
02:54
changes as we move across the night,
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ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ
02:57
such that in the first half the night,
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ุจุญูŠุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ
02:59
the majority of those 90-minute cycles
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ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุฏูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ู€90 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
03:02
are comprised of lots of deep non-REM sleep,
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ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ุงุฑูŠู…ูŠุŒ
03:06
particularly stages three and four of non-REM sleep.
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ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ุงุฑูŠู…ูŠ.
03:09
But as we push through to the second half of the night,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุชุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุตู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ
03:13
now that seesaw balance actually shifts over,
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ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุฑุฌุญ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŒ
03:17
and instead, most of those 90-minute cycles
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ูˆุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฅู† ู…ุนุธู… ุฏูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ู€90 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
03:20
are comprised of a lot more rapid eye movement sleep, or dream sleep,
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ุชุชุฃู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฃูˆ ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุญู„ู…ุŒ
03:25
as well as stage-two non-REM sleep,
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ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูˆู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ
03:28
that lighter form of non-REM sleep.
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ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎููŠู ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ุงุฑูŠู…ูŠ.
03:30
And it turns out that there are implications
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ูˆุชุจูŠู† ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุฏุงุนูŠุงุช
03:34
for understanding how sleep is structured in this way.
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ู„ูู‡ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ.
03:38
Let's take someone who typically goes to bed at 10pm,
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ู„ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุดุฎุตุงู‹ ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑุงุด ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ 10 ู…ุณุงุกู‹ุŒ
03:42
and they wake up at 6am,
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ูˆูŠุณุชูŠู‚ุธ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ 6 ุตุจุงุญุงู‹ุŒ
03:44
so they have an eight-hour sleep window.
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ุฃูŠ ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุฏุฉ ู†ูˆู… ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุซู…ุงู† ุณุงุนุงุช.
03:47
But this morning, they have to wake up early
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตุจุงุญุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุณุชูŠู‚ุธ ู…ุจูƒุฑุงู‹
03:50
for an early morning meeting,
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ู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ู…ุจูƒุฑุŒ
03:52
or they want to get a jump start on the day
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ุฃูˆ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ูŠูˆู…
03:54
to get to the gym.
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ุจุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ.
03:55
And as a consequence, they have to wake up at 4am in the morning,
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ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠู‚ุงุธ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุตุจุงุญุงู‹ุŒ
03:59
rather than 6am in the morning.
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ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ุตุจุงุญุงู‹.
04:02
How much sleep have they actually lost?
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ู…ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูู‚ุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŸ
04:04
Two hours out of an eight-hour night of sleep
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ุณุงุนุชุงู† ู…ู† ุซู…ุงู† ุณุงุนุงุช ู†ูˆู… ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹
04:07
means that they've lost 25 percent of their sleep.
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูู‚ุฏ 25ูช ู…ู† ู†ูˆู…ู‡.
04:11
Well, yes and no.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู†ุนู… ูˆู„ุง.
04:13
They have lost 25 percent of all of their sleep,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูู‚ุฏ 25ูช ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู†ูˆู…ู‡ุŒ
04:17
but because REM sleep comes mostly in the second half of the night
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑูŠู…ูŠ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠู„
04:21
and particularly in those last few hours,
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ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ
04:23
they may have lost perhaps 50, 60, maybe even 70 percent
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุฎุณุฑ 50 ุฃูˆ 60 ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ 70ูช.
04:28
of all of their REM sleep.
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ู…ู† ู†ูˆู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€ุฑูŠู…ูŠ.
04:30
So there are real consequences to understanding what sleep is
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนูˆุงู‚ุจ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ูู‡ู… ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆู…
04:36
and how sleep is structured.
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ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠู†ุธู… ุงู„ู†ูˆู….
04:37
And we'll learn all about the benefits of these different stages of sleep
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ูˆุณู†ุชุนู„ู… ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุนู† ุงู„ููˆุงุฆุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู…
04:42
and the detriments that happen when we don't get enough of them
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ูˆุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
04:45
in subsequent episodes.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ุงุญู‚ุฉ.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7